CN105259203A - Method for measuring coefficient of volume expansion of explosives and powders - Google Patents
Method for measuring coefficient of volume expansion of explosives and powders Download PDFInfo
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- CN105259203A CN105259203A CN201510697782.3A CN201510697782A CN105259203A CN 105259203 A CN105259203 A CN 105259203A CN 201510697782 A CN201510697782 A CN 201510697782A CN 105259203 A CN105259203 A CN 105259203A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the temperature coefficient of volume expansion of explosives and powders. The method comprises the steps of measuring and adding inflation fluid, measuring the volume of a sample, increasing the temperature and keeping the temperature constant, measuring thermal expansion volume increment, calculating expansion coefficient and the like. Dedicated inflation fluid is measured accurately and added to a reaction cylinder of a volume expansion measurement element of a capacitance type explosive and powder thermal expansion volume measurement system; the volume of a sample to be tested is measured with the standard sample comparing method; the measurement element containing the sample to be tested is placed in a constant-temperature bath, and temperature is increased to be a preset value and then kept constant; the measurement element is adjusted to measure the heated expansion volume increment of the sample; parameters obtained from testing are substituted into a volume expansion calculation formula to obtain the temperature coefficient of volume expansion of the sample. The method solves the technical problem that there is no method for measuring the temperature coefficient of volume expansion of explosives and powders currently, and is easy to operate and high in accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to explosive wastewater performance test field, relate generally to a kind of method of testing of explosive wastewater thermal expansivity, particularly relate to a kind of method of testing of heterogeneous body solid explosive wastewater measure expansion temperature coefficient.
Background technology
Explosive wastewater is the same with other materials, under uniform temperature and pressure, have certain volume.Generally, the rising solid explosive wastewater volume along with temperature is corresponding will be increased, and the corresponding reduction of explosive wastewater volume when the temperature decreases, this phenomenon is called the thermal expansion of explosive wastewater.As explosive wastewater parts, when scale requirement is strict, especially for precision charge, the problem that thermal expansion brings is very outstanding.When thermal expansivity as the composite explosives containing TNT, HMX and nitramine is larger, structural intergrity and the safety in utilization of warhead can be affected; As propellant do not mate with clad thermal expansivity time, propellant loading clad unsticking may be caused, affect combustion safety.The thermal expansivity of Measurement accuracy explosive wastewater has great importance for guarantee charging quality and safety in utilization.
At present, explosive wastewater thermal expansivity characteristic manner can be divided into linear expansion coefficient and coefficient of volumetric expansion two kinds.Linear expansion coefficient refers in a direction of object, when temperature raises 1K, and the relative elongation of object.Linear expansion coefficient formula is:
wherein: α is linear expansion coefficient, K
-1; L is that sample is at room temperature or T
0time length, mm; △ L is length varying value after sample expands, mm; Temperature difference before and after △ T sample, K.When measure expansion temperature coefficient refers to that object temperature raises 1K, the relative increment of volume.Can represent with following formula:
wherein: β is coefficient of volumetric expansion, K
-1; V sample is at room temperature or T
0time volume, mm
3; Dilatation after △ V sample expanded by heating, mm
3; Temperature difference △ T, K before and after sample.For homogeneous material, usual coefficient of volumetric expansion is about linear expansion coefficient 3 times, i.e. β=3 α.But for explosive wastewater, because its component is comparatively complicated, the potpourri of the material composition that normally several physicochemical property are different, and process through multiple working procedure.By the unevenness of internal chemical component distributing, Density Distribution that job operation causes is uneven, or the factor impact such as the fault of construction that causes of processing technology, and the explosive wastewater anisotropy that shows as, coefficient of volumetric expansion can not represent with 3 α more.
Conventional explosive wastewater linear expansion coefficient measuring method has GJB772A-97 method 408.1 linear expansion coefficient Mechanical Analysis, method 408.2 linear expansion coefficient dilatometer method.Mechanical Analysis mainly utilizes thermomechanical analyzer to the sample of known original length by the temperature programme, the cooling that arrange, heat up again, and record sample temperature variant deformation of length, draws temperature deformation curve, the linear expansion coefficient of calculation sample warm area.When dilatometer method is mainly through record temperature rising (or decline), the change that specimen length occurs, draws length and varies with temperature curve, the linear expansion coefficient of calculation sample.Said method and device are more used for the linear expansion coefficient measuring explosive wastewater.For homogeneous material, can accurately calculate measure expansion system from linear expansion coefficient.But explosive wastewater belongs to the potpourri of heterogeneous system more, adopt line thermal expansion coefficient, its error is still larger.At present, for pilot system and the method for material bodies dilatometry, yet there are no documents and materials report.
The measure expansion test macro (see patent: a kind of condenser type explosive wastewater thermal volume expansion measuring system) that the present invention adopts explosive wastewater special, accurately measure the volume, volume change and the temperature change value that immerse dilatometry liquid moderate heat explosive column, obtain explosive wastewater measure expansion temperature coefficient according to formulae discovery.Solve the technical matters that explosive wastewater coefficient of volumetric expansion lacks test method, thus processing technology and the engineer applied of explosive wastewater can be instructed better.
Summary of the invention
For the problem of explosive wastewater measure expansion temperature coefficient measuring method disappearance, the invention provides a kind of measure expansion temperature coefficient measuring method based on condenser type explosive wastewater thermal volume expansion measuring system, the method comprises inflation fluid and measures the steps such as filling, volume of sample measurement, heated constant temperature, thermal volume expansion increment measurement, expansion coefficient calculating:
Step one: accurately measure special inflation fluid, is filled into inflation fluid in the reaction tube of the volumetric expansion measuring sensor of condenser type explosive wastewater thermal volume expansion measuring system.Concrete grammar is: be placed in by volumetric expansion measuring sensor on special support, and reversion makes knob end also vertical down, and blocks chamber and capacitive transducer connecting through hole with plug; Turning knob, makes piston move downward, and is discharged by the air in reaction tube; Accurately measuring quantitative inflation fluid, add the groove in base, and turn knob, is piston upwards, by whole for inflation fluid sucting reaction cylinder; Take off plug, the chamber that sample is housed is arranged on base; By measuring sensor tilt, turning knob, the liquid filling chamber in reaction tube to capacitive transducer connecting through hole mouth, determine that capacitive sensor does not change; Rotation measuring element is the level of state, then turning knob, liquid level in chamber is raised, and is discharged from capacitive transducer by air in chamber, this process holding capacitor value does not change; Be rotated further measuring sensor, make it, fine motion knob end upwards, turn knob, be full of whole chamber with inflation fluid, now capacitive transducer starts not change, but will start to increase to certain moment, prove that inflation fluid has entered capacitive transducer capillary quartz ampoule; By stand-by in vertical configuration for measuring sensor adjustment.
Step 2: adopt and standard sample pairing comparision, volume of sample is measured.Concrete grammar is: at room temperature or a certain specified temp T
1under, the standard sample of known volume is arranged in measuring sensor chamber according to the method for step one, and injects certain volume inflation fluid, record knob height L
1capacitance C now
1; Take out standard sample, at identical temperature T
1under, sample to be tested is loaded chamber, and is arranged in measuring sensor chamber by the method for rapid, inject the inflation fluid with same volume during measurement standard sample, adjustment knob, makes the C that capacitance keeps identical
1value, records now knob height L
2; Knob height difference (the L of twice measurement
2-L
1) area value that is multiplied by piston is the volume differences of standard sample and sample to be tested, therefore sample to be tested volume can be obtained according to the following formula: V=V
standard+ S (L
2-L
1), wherein V is sample to be tested volume, V
standardfor sample to be tested volume, S is measuring sensor piston area, L
1for temperature T
1the height of piston in reaction tube during lower measurement standard sample, L
2for temperature T
1the height of piston in reaction tube during lower measurement sample to be tested.
Step 3: the measuring sensor 2 that sample to be tested is housed is put into preset temperature T
2(T
2>T
1) thermostatic bath in heat up heat and keep constant temperature.
Step 4: the measurement of sample expanded by heating dilatation.Concrete grammar is: at T
2during temperature, because sample to be tested expanded by heating makes the expansion liquid level entering capacitive transducer capillary quartz ampoule rise, capacitance value changes as C
2; By adjustment measuring sensor knob, make depth pistion increase, kapillary liquid level declines, and capacitance value returns to C
1, record the height L of now knob
3; Temperature T
1knob height and temperature T
2difference (L
3-L
2) area value that is multiplied by piston deducts self swell value that expands again and be sample expanded by heating dilatation, i.e. △ V=S (L
3-L
2)-△ V
liquid, wherein △ V is sample expanded by heating dilatation, L
3for T
2knob height value during temperature, L
2for T
1knob height value during temperature, S is measuring sensor piston area, △ V
liquidself expanded by heating value.
Step 5: bring the parameter that test obtains into measure expansion computing formula and sample body temperature coefficient of expansion is calculated.Be shown below:
wherein: β is coefficient of volumetric expansion, V
standardfor the volume (constant) of standard sample product, S is measuring sensor piston area, L
1for temperature T
1knob height value during lower measurement standard sample, L
2for temperature T
1knob height value during lower measurement sample to be tested, L
3for temperature T
2knob height value during measurement sample to be tested, △ V
liquidself expanded by heating value, T
2, T
1for different tests temperature, and T
2>T
1.
According to the present invention, containing inflation fluid method for implanting in a measuring sensor in described measuring method, quantitative inflation fluid can be injected in measuring sensor base by the method, the air in base can be discharged simultaneously, ensure that the accuracy of measurement.Described inflation fluid method for implanting is as follows: be placed in by volumetric expansion measuring sensor on special support, and reversion makes knob end also vertical down, and blocks chamber and capacitive transducer connecting through hole with plug; Turning knob, makes piston move downward, and is discharged by the air in reaction tube; Accurately measuring quantitative inflation fluid, add the groove in base, and turn knob, is piston upwards, by whole for inflation fluid sucting reaction cylinder; Take off plug, the chamber that sample is housed is arranged on base; By measuring sensor tilt, slow turning knob, the liquid filling chamber in reaction tube to capacitive transducer connecting through hole mouth, determine that capacitive sensor does not change; Measuring sensor is the level of state, then turning knob, liquid level in chamber is raised, and is discharged from the through hole connecting capacitive transducer by air in chamber, this process holding capacitor value does not change; Be rotated further measuring sensor, make it, fine motion knob end upwards, turn knob, be full of whole chamber with inflation fluid, do not change when now capacitive transducer starts, but will start to increase to certain moment, prove that inflation fluid has entered capacitive transducer capillary quartz ampoule, expanding liquid has injected.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
(1) the present invention can complete the direct measurement to heterogeneous body solid explosive wastewater powder column thermal volume expansion, solves the technical matters of explosive wastewater measure expansion temperature coefficient measuring method disappearance.
(2) the final motion screw piston precision that the present invention adopts can reach 0.01mm, and test findings has higher accuracy.The method is simple to operate simultaneously, requires lower to experimenter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is explosive wastewater measure expansion temperature coefficient measuring method flow process.
Fig. 2 is inflation fluid method for implanting schematic diagram in measuring sensor in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the instrumentation plan of Fig. 1 expanded by heating dilatation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, explosive wastewater measure expansion temperature coefficient measuring method provided by the invention comprises inflation fluid and measures the steps such as filling, volume of sample measurement, heated constant temperature, thermal volume expansion increment measurement, expansion coefficient calculating:
Step one: accurately measure special inflation fluid 4 with syringe, is filled into inflation fluid in the reaction tube 11 of the volumetric expansion measuring sensor 2 of condenser type explosive wastewater thermal volume expansion measuring system.Concrete grammar is: be placed in by volumetric expansion measuring sensor 2 on special support, and reversion makes knob end also vertical down, and blocks chamber 10 and capacitive transducer connecting through hole with cork plug 6; Turning knob 1, makes piston 3 move downward, and is discharged by the air in reaction tube 11; Accurately measuring quantitative inflation fluid 4, add the groove in base 5, and turn knob 1, is that piston 3 moves upward, by inflation fluid 4 all sucting reaction cylinder 11, as shown in Fig. 2 (a); Take off plug 6, the chamber 10 that sample is housed is arranged on base 5; Measuring sensor 2 is tilted, slow turning knob 1, the liquid filling chamber 10 in reaction tube 11 to capacitive transducer connecting through hole mouth, determine that capacitive sensor does not change, as shown in Fig. 2 (b); Measuring sensor 2 is the level of state, then turning knob 1, liquid level in Room, chamber 10 is raised, and is discharged from the through hole connecting capacitive transducer by air in chamber 10, this process holding capacitor value does not change, shown in Fig. 2 (c); Be rotated further measuring sensor 2, make it, fine motion knob end upwards, turn knob 1, be full of whole chamber 10 with inflation fluid, do not change when now capacitive transducer starts, but will start to increase to certain moment, prove that inflation fluid 4 has entered capacitive transducer capillary quartz ampoule 8, expanding liquid has injected, as shown in Fig. 2 (d); Measuring sensor 2 is adjusted in vertical configuration stand-by, as shown in Fig. 2 (e).
Step 2: adopt and standard sample pairing comparision, sample 9 volume is measured.Concrete grammar is: at room temperature or a certain specified temp T
1under, be arranged in measuring sensor chamber 10 by the standard sample of known volume according to the method for step one, sample and chamber wall gap are not less than 1mm, and inject certain volume inflation fluid 4, record knob 1 height L
1capacitance C now
1; Take out standard sample, at identical temperature T
1under, sample to be tested 9 is loaded chamber 10, and is arranged in measuring sensor chamber 10 by step one, inject the inflation fluid 4 with same volume during measurement standard sample, adjustment knob 1, makes the C that capacitance keeps identical
1value, records now knob 1 height L
2; The knob 1 height difference (L of twice measurement
2-L
1) area value that is multiplied by piston 3 is the volume differences of standard sample and sample to be tested, therefore sample to be tested 9 volume can be obtained according to the following formula: V=V
standard+ S (L
2-L
1), wherein V is sample to be tested volume, V
standardfor sample to be tested volume, S is measuring sensor piston area, L
1for temperature T
1the height of piston in reaction tube during lower measurement standard sample, L
2for temperature T
1the height of piston in reaction tube during lower measurement sample to be tested.
Step 3: the thermostatic bath measuring sensor 2 that sample to be tested is housed being put into preset temperature heats up and heats and keep constant temperature.
Step 4: the measurement of sample expanded by heating dilatation.Concrete grammar is: at T
2during temperature, because sample to be tested 9 expanded by heating makes the expansion liquid level entering capacitive transducer capillary quartz ampoule 8 rise, capacitance value changes as C
2; By adjustment measuring sensor knob 1, make depth pistion increase, kapillary liquid level declines, and capacitance value returns to C
1, record the height L of now knob 1
3; Temperature T
1with temperature T
2knob height difference (L
3-L
2) area value that is multiplied by piston is sample expanded by heating dilatation, i.e. △ V=S (L
3-L
2)-△ V
liquid, wherein △ V is sample expanded by heating dilatation, L
3for T
2knob height value during temperature, L
2for T
1knob height value during temperature, S is measuring sensor piston area, △ V
liquidself expanded by heating value.
Step 5: bring the parameter that test obtains into measure expansion computing formula and sample body temperature coefficient of expansion is calculated.Be shown below:
wherein: β is coefficient of volumetric expansion, V
standardfor the volume (constant) of standard sample product, S is measuring sensor piston area, L
1for temperature T
1knob height value during lower measurement standard sample, L
2for temperature T
1knob height value during lower measurement sample to be tested, L
3for temperature T
2knob height value during measurement sample to be tested, △ V
liquidself expanded by heating value, T
2, T
1for different tests temperature, and T
2>T
1.
Embodiment is measured for testing sample provides its measure expansion temperature coefficient below with certain propellant charge.
Certain COMPOSITE SOLID PROPELLANT column dimension is approximately φ 20mm × 19mm.
Measure expansion test macro (see patent: a kind of condenser type explosive wastewater thermal volume expansion measuring system) the embodiment middle chamber special according to explosive wastewater is of a size of φ 21mm × 20mm.
Voidage between chamber and powder column: 6923.7-5966.0=957.7mm
3.
Consider in the volume that through hole occupies and reaction tube and certain surplus inflation fluid should be had to exist, so the inflation fluid volume that should add is about 1300mm
3.Syringe is adopted to extract 1300mm
3inflation fluid, is filled in measuring sensor reaction tube according to step one method.
Standard quartz size: φ 20.25mm × 19.12mm, volume is: 6154.71mm
3.
Measuring sensor piston area: 48.60mm
2.
Inflation fluid is at 25 DEG C ~ 85 DEG C lower body temperature coefficient of expansion β
liquid=9 × 10
-4k
-1.
Be assembled in measuring sensor according to step one by standard quartz sample, at room temperature 25 DEG C, adjustment knob, makes initial capacitance value at 0.65200pfd, now knob height L
1for 2.35mm.
According to step one, certain propellant charge to be measured is assembled in measuring sensor, the inflation fluid volume 1300mm added
3, at room temperature 25 DEG C, adjustment knob, makes capacitance at 0.65200pfd, now knob height L
2for 4.78mm.
The volume of certain propellant charge at room temperature 25 DEG C is: V=V
standard+ S (L
2-L
1)=6154.71+48.60 × (4.78-2.35)=6272.81mm
3.
The thermostatic bath insulation of the measuring sensor of powder charge propellant sample being put into 85 DEG C is no less than 2 hours, and after waiting temperature balance, due to propellant expanded by heating, capacitance is at 0.95300pfd.Adjustment knob, makes capacitance return to 0.65200pfd, now knob height L
3for 17.69mm.
The dilatation △ V of inflation fluid
liquid=V
liquidβ
liquid△ T=(1300 × 9 × 10
-4× 60)=70.2mm
3.
Therefore the measure expansion temperature coefficient of propellant sample:
Claims (1)
1. an explosive wastewater measure expansion temperature coefficient measuring method, comprises that inflation fluid measures filling, volume of sample measurement, heated constant temperature, expanding volume increment measurement, expansion coefficient calculate five steps, it is characterized in that:
Step one: inflation fluid [4] is filled in the reaction tube [11] of the volumetric expansion measuring sensor [2] of condenser type explosive wastewater thermal volume expansion measuring system.Concrete grammar is as follows: be placed on special support by volumetric expansion measuring sensor [2], and reversion makes knob end also vertical down, and blocks chamber and capacitive transducer connecting through hole with plug [6]; Turning knob [1], makes piston [3] move downward, and is discharged by the air in reaction tube; Measuring quantitative inflation fluid [4] with syringe, add the groove in base [5], and turn knob [1], is that piston [3] moves upward, by inflation fluid [4] all sucting reaction cylinder [11]; Take off plug [6], the chamber [10] that sample is housed is arranged on base [5]; By measuring sensor [2] tilt, slow turning knob [1], the liquid filling chamber in reaction tube [11] to capacitive transducer connecting through hole mouth, determine that capacitive sensor does not change; Measuring sensor [2] is the level of state, then turning knob [1], liquid level in chamber is raised, and is discharged from the through hole connecting capacitive transducer by air in chamber, this process holding capacitor value does not change; Be rotated further measuring sensor [2], make it, fine motion knob end upwards, turn knob [1], be full of whole chamber [10] with inflation fluid, do not change when now capacitive transducer starts, but will start to increase to certain moment, prove that inflation fluid has entered capacitive transducer capillary quartz ampoule [8], expanding liquid has injected.Quantitative inflation fluid can be injected in measuring sensor base [5] by the method, the air in base [5] can be discharged simultaneously, ensure that the accuracy of measurement.
Step 2: adopt and standard sample pairing comparision, measure sample [9] volume, concrete grammar is: at room temperature T
1under, the standard sample of known volume is put into measuring sensor chamber [10], and inject inflation fluid [4], record knob [1] height L
1capacitance C now
1; Take out standard sample, at identical temperature T
1under, sample to be tested [9] is loaded chamber [10], inject the inflation fluid [4] with same volume during measurement standard sample, adjustment knob [1], makes the C that capacitance keeps identical
1value, records now knob [1] height L
2; Knob [1] height difference (L of twice measurement
2-L
1) area value that is multiplied by piston [3] is the volume differences of standard sample and sample to be tested, therefore sample to be tested [9] volume can be obtained according to the following formula: V=V
standard+ S (L
2-L
1).
Step 3: the thermostatic bath measuring sensor [2] that sample to be tested is housed being put into preset temperature heats up and heats and keep constant temperature.
Step 4: the measurement of sample expanded by heating dilatation, concrete grammar is: at T
2during temperature, because sample to be tested [9] expanded by heating makes inflation fluid [4] face entering capacitive transducer capillary quartz ampoule [8] rise, capacitance value changes as C
2; By adjustment measuring sensor knob [1], make depth pistion increase, kapillary liquid level declines, and capacitance value returns to C
1, record the height L of now knob [1]
3; Temperature T
1knob height and temperature T
2difference (L
3-L
2) area value that is multiplied by piston deducts self swell value that expands again and be sample expanded by heating dilatation, i.e. △ V=S (L
3-L
2)-△ V
liquid.
Step 5: bring the parameter that test obtains into measure expansion computing formula and sample body temperature coefficient of expansion β is calculated, be shown below:
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109142667A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-04 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Explosive column axis radial deformation contactless measurement under a kind of temperature loading environment |
| CN114563550A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-31 | 广东华晟安全职业评价有限公司 | Device and method for testing safety performance of explosives and powders |
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| CN109142667A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-04 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Explosive column axis radial deformation contactless measurement under a kind of temperature loading environment |
| CN109142667B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2021-02-26 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Non-contact measurement method for axial and radial deformation of explosive column under temperature loading condition |
| CN114563550A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-05-31 | 广东华晟安全职业评价有限公司 | Device and method for testing safety performance of explosives and powders |
| CN114563550B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2024-04-19 | 湖南省创意爆破工程有限公司 | Explosive safety performance testing device and testing method |
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