CN113899671B - Flexible wall penetration test method for temperature-stress integrated control under dry-wet cycle - Google Patents
Flexible wall penetration test method for temperature-stress integrated control under dry-wet cycle Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 225
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible wall penetration test method for temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation, and relates to the geotechnical engineering geotechnical test field. The test method comprises the steps of dry-wet circulation, shaft pressure application, bubble removal, permeation test and the like, and a large amount of data about soil pressure-deformation-permeation are obtained through a series of permeation tests of different dry-wet circulation times, different test temperatures, different consolidation pressures, different injection confining pressures and the like on different samples, so that the measurement of permeation coefficients under a plurality of influence factors is realized, the defects of the conventional flexible wall permeation test are overcome, and the labor and time are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the geotechnical engineering geotechnical test field, in particular to a flexible wall penetration test method for temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation.
Background
In the 21 st century, china continuously advances engineering project construction to promote stable development of economy and society, but engineering geology problems are often encountered in the construction process. The permeability coefficient is a quantitative index representing the permeability of soil, and is also a basic parameter which must be measured in engineering application. Meanwhile, under the actual condition, external factors such as dry and wet circulation, temperature change, stress change and the like caused by humidity change can cause different influences on the permeability of a rock-soil body, so that the permeability coefficient of the soil body under the conditions of dry and wet circulation, temperature and stress change is obtained, the site environment is truly simulated, the key problem of deep understanding of the influence mechanism of soil body crack development on seepage is solved, and the key work is also used for the construction of engineering projects.
In order to consider external influences in a penetration test, namely the permeability and pore structure of an improved partition wall under the dry/wet/freeze thawing action, liu Ke, liu Lin, zhang Yongpeng, the article of the university of building materials indicates a test method, and the method can simply measure the permeability coefficient by adopting a TST-55 type rigid wall soil penetrometer for the penetration test, but the proposed test method does not consider the phenomenon that the test sample cannot be tightly contacted with a side wall due to the dry/wet deformation, the installation failure and other factors, side leakage occurs, the permeability coefficient of a soil body cannot be accurately measured, and meanwhile, the influence of temperature in an actual environment, stress conditions and the influence of the penetrating fluid on the permeability of materials when the penetrating fluid is heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali is not considered, and the measurement process needs manual operation and is tedious.
Titled "Effect of pore fluid and wet-dry cycles on structure and hydraulic conductivity of clay", thyagaraj T, jurina m. "Geotechnique Letters", 2019,9 (4): the article of 348-354 ("influence of pore fluid and dry-wet cycle on clay structure and water conductivity", "rapid report of geotechnical technology", volume 9, 4 th edition 348-354 of 2019) proposes a test method, and the stress influence under practical conditions can be simulated by adopting a consolidation rigid wall permeation method, but the proposed test method does not consider the phenomenon that the test sample cannot be tightly contacted with a side wall due to the fact that the test sample is in-place due to dry-wet deformation, side leakage occurs, and the like, can not accurately measure the permeability coefficient of the soil body, and also does not consider the influence on the material permeability when the temperature and the permeate in the practical environment are heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali, and the measurement process needs manual operation and is tedious.
Titled "Cracking and water seepage of Xiashu loess used as landfill cover under wetting-driving cycles", lu H, li J, wang W, wang c Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 74 (11): the article of "the loess of the lower holly is used as cracking and infiltration of the covering layer of the landfill under the wet and dry cycle", "environmental earth science", 2015, volume 74, 11 th edition 173-179) proposes a test method, the permeability coefficient of the material can be effectively avoided by adopting a PN3230M environmental soil flexible wall permeameter to measure the permeability coefficient, the accurate measurement is carried out on the permeability coefficient, but the premise is that the material is integrally installed in the instrument, the problems of installation and measurement accuracy of the material in the instrument after the soil body structure is completely destroyed after more times of wet and dry cycles are not considered, meanwhile, the temperature in the actual environment is not considered, the stress condition and the influence of the infiltration liquid on the material permeability when the infiltration liquid is heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali are not considered, and the measurement process needs manual operation and is tedious.
In summary, the prior art mainly has the following disadvantages:
1. the prior method adopts a rigid wall infiltration method to measure the permeability coefficient of the material after dry and wet circulation, but does not consider the phenomenon of side leakage caused by dry and wet deformation of the sample, the combined effect of the dry and wet circulation, temperature and stress of the sample under the action of external environment, and the measurement error of the permeability coefficient caused by corrosion of the infiltration liquid to an instrument when the infiltration liquid is heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali;
2. The prior method adopts a consolidation rigid wall infiltration method to measure the permeability coefficient of the material under the action of stress after dry and wet circulation, but does not consider the phenomenon of side leakage caused by dry and wet deformation of the sample, the combined action of the dry and wet circulation, temperature and stress of the sample under the action of external environment, and the measurement error of the permeability coefficient caused by corrosion of the infiltration liquid to the instrument when the infiltration liquid is heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali;
3. the prior method adopts a flexible wall permeation method to measure the permeation coefficient of materials after dry and wet circulation, but does not consider the combined actions of the dry and wet circulation, temperature and stress of samples under the action of external environment, and when the permeation liquid is heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali, the permeation liquid causes the measurement error of the permeation coefficient to an instrument due to corrosion, and the control method does not realize automatic monitoring and has complex realization process.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and specifically to improve the reliability of the test and to enable the test under dry and wet cycle conditions to be performed a plurality of times.
The invention provides a flexible wall penetration test method for temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation, which comprises the following steps:
the test device is assembled by a top cover, a main body and a base; the main body comprises a hollow cylinder and a rubber membrane, the rubber membrane is wound into a cylinder and then sleeved in the hollow cylinder, a closed confining pressure chamber is formed between a top cover and a base by a gap between the outer surface of the rubber membrane and the inner wall of the hollow cylinder, an upper through channel and a lower through channel are formed in the confining pressure chamber, a top exhaust channel, a permeate output channel and a drain channel are formed in the top cover, and a drain channel, a bottom exhaust channel and a permeate input channel are formed in the base; a hemispherical pit is formed in the center of the top cover, and steel balls corresponding to the hemispherical pit are arranged on the top of the top cover;
The pressurizing device comprises a top pressurizing device, a bottom pressurizing device and a pressurizing measuring device; the top pressurizing device comprises a back pressure ejector rod and a back pressure bolt, the back pressure bolt passes through a through hole in the center of the back pressure ejector plate from top to bottom, is downward and is in contact with the top of the steel ball, the bottom pressurizing device comprises a pressure chamber and a pressurizing ring, the pressurizing ring is arranged in the pressure chamber, a closed air pressure chamber is formed between the bottom surface of the pressurizing ring and the inner wall of the pressure chamber, the pressurizing measuring device comprises a stabilizer bar and an L-shaped measuring bar, the lower part of the L-shaped measuring bar is connected with the pressurizing ring, and the upper part of the L-shaped measuring bar is connected with one end of the stabilizer bar;
the permeation system consists of a gas cylinder, a gas pressure release valve, a gas pressure stabilizing machine, an injection chamber a and an automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device; the gas cylinder is communicated with a gas pressure stabilizer through a gas pressure release valve; a three-way ball valve a and a back pressure switch are also arranged between the gas pressure stabilizing machine and the injection chamber a, a back pressure pipe is connected to the three-way ball valve a, and the other end of the back pressure pipe is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a is communicated with a permeate input channel through a three-way ball valve c; the gas pressure stabilizing machine is communicated with the gas pressure chamber through a fourth air regulating valve and a shaft pressure gas three-way valve; the automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device comprises a permeate collecting device, a conical flask, a data recorder, two anti-corrosion flowmeters and a three-way ball valve d;
The confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c, and a temperature-controllable heating belt is arranged outside the injection chamber c; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber b is communicated with the lower through channel through a three-way ball valve b and an inflow liquid three-way valve, and the other end of the three-way ball valve b is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c through a liquid one-way valve; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c is communicated with the upper through passage through another liquid one-way valve and an outflow liquid three-way valve;
Setting J dry and wet cycle times, and recording any one of the J dry and wet cycle times as the set dry and wet cycle times X j J=1, 2..j; setting I test temperatures, and recording any one of the test temperatures as a set test temperature T i I=1, 2 … I; setting the consolidation pressure of group A, and recording any one group as the set consolidation pressure P a The set consolidation pressure P a Includes setting the consolidation axis pressure P1 a And setting the consolidation confining pressure P2 a A=1, 2 … a, i.e. the permeation test method of the present invention comprises j×i×a combinations;
then, performing a penetration test on each combination in the J×I×A, and synchronously monitoring and recording the temperature and stress change state of the sample after reaching the dry and wet cycle times;
specifically, any combined test steps are shown in the steps 3-11;
Given a set humidity cycle temperature T x Setting the dry water content w 1 Setting the saturated water content w 2 And w is 2 ≥w 1 ；
Set liquid confining pressure P m M=1, 2 … M, set injection pressure to P n N=1, 2 … N, and in the permeation test, the liquid confining pressure P was set for each m Each set injection pressure P n Performing a first penetration test;
in the process of the permeation test, four sensors, namely a displacement sensor, a pH sensor, a conductivity sensor and a mass sensor, are arranged in a flexible wall permeameter, wherein the displacement sensor is arranged on a stabilizer bar, the pH sensor and the conductivity sensor are arranged in a permeate liquid collecting device, and the mass sensor is arranged at the bottom of an air pressure chamber;
in the process of the penetration test, a temperature regulator is arranged and is used for monitoring the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt;
in the process of performing the penetration test, the data recorder is respectively connected with the two anti-corrosion flow meters, the four sensors and the temperature regulator to acquire real-time data, and the real-time data is automatically recorded once every 1 minute;
Firstly, all valves are adjusted to be in a closed state, all channels are closed, the exhaust holes and the liquid injection holes are closed, and the initial states of the flexible rubber membranes in the three injection chambers are all in contact with the top of the upper half chamber;
The mass of the sample was weighed and recorded as the initial mass m 0 The water content of the sample was calculated and recorded as the initial water content w 0 ；
Then opening the liquid injection hole, injecting deionized water into the three injection chambers, closing the liquid injection hole after filling, and rotating the three-way ball valve b to enable the injection chamber b to be communicated with the confining pressure chamber through the inflow liquid three-way valve and the lower through passage;
Taking down a top cover in the test device, sequentially installing a permeable stone, filter paper, a sample, filter paper and the permeable stone in a cylindrical rubber film from bottom to top, and locking the top cover with the main body and the base to form an internally sealed infiltration chamber;
placing the test device on a pressurizing ring, and aligning the steel ball to the center of the bottom end of the back pressure screw;
Regulating the inflow liquid three-way valve to enable the lower through passage to be communicated with a water injection pump, regulating the outflow liquid three-way valve to enable the upper through passage to be connected with a water bucket, starting the water injection pump to inject deionized water into the confining pressure chamber, and regulating the outflow liquid three-way valve to enable the confining pressure chamber to be communicated with the injection chamber c through a perfusion tube when the water level reaches the top of the confining pressure chamber and water flows into the water bucket;
Step 7.1, opening the gas cylinder, adjusting the gas pressure release valve to enable compressed gas to flow into the gas pressure stabilizing machine, starting heating by the temperature-controllable heating belt, and monitoring the temperature by the temperature regulator;
Step 7.2, an air regulating valve at the upper end of the injection chamber c is regulated to apply micro pressure to the injection chamber c, a three-way ball valve b is rotated to enable the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c to be communicated with an inflow liquid three-way valve, deionized water in the injection chamber c enters a confining pressure chamber, and flows back to the injection chamber c through an outflow liquid three-way valve, so that continuous circulation is realized;
step 7.3, when the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt reaches the set humidity circulation temperatureDegree T x At this time, the mass of the sample is recorded and is referred to as the overall mass m 1 ；
Opening all drainage channels to enable the sample to enter an evaporation state;
step 7.4, waiting for the water content of the sample to reach the set dry water content w 1 When the heating is stopped, the air regulating valve at the upper end of the injection chamber a is regulated to apply a constant saturation pressure P to the injection chamber a t Enabling deionized water to enter the permeation chamber through the permeation liquid input channel to moisten the sample, and adjusting an air regulating valve at the upper end of the injection chamber b to apply the same saturation pressure P to the injection chamber b t ；
Step 7.5, the water content of the sample reaches the set saturated water content w 2 When the method is used, one-time dryness and humidity circulation is completed;
step 7.6, checking whether the set dry-wet cycle number X is reached j When the method is reached, the step 8 is entered, otherwise, the step 7.1 is returned, and the dry-wet circulation is continued;
Step 8.1, zeroing the air regulating valve of the injection chamber a, enabling two anti-corrosion flowmeters to be respectively communicated with the permeate input channel and the permeate outflow channel, recording the mass of the sample at the moment and recording the mass as balance mass m 2 ；
The gas pressure stabilizer applies a constant axial pressure P to the pressure chamber through the axial pressure gas three-way valve h ，P h ＝4m 2 g/(πR 2 ) Wherein R is the inner radius of the pressure chamber, g=9.8N/kg;
the back pressure screw is regulated to enable the lower bottom surface of the back pressure screw to be in contact with the steel balls, and the back pressure screw is fixed by an adjusting nut; the position of the stabilizing rod on the L-shaped measuring rod is regulated to enable the probe of the displacement sensor to be in contact with the upper surface of the back pressure screw;
step 8.2, adjusting a shaft pressure gas three-way valve to enable the gas pressure chamber to be communicated with the pressure stabilizer; setting the fourth air regulating valve to zero, then readjusting, and applying a set consolidation shaft pressure P1 to the air pressure chamber a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the An air-conditioning valve for adjusting the injection chamber b, and a set consolidation confining pressure P2 is applied to the confining pressure chamber through the injection chamber b a ，P2 a ＞P1 a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Recording the vertical deformation of the sample by a data recorder, and ending the consolidation process when the vertical deformation is smaller than 0.01mm within 1 hour;
Step 9.1, the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt is adjusted to be the set test temperature T through a temperature regulator i An air-conditioning valve for adjusting the upper end of the injection chamber c, and a set consolidation confining pressure P is applied to the confining pressure chamber through the injection chamber c a2 ；
Step 9.2, after the temperature is stabilized, adjusting the air regulating valve at the upper end of the injection chamber a, and applying an initial injection pressure P to the permeation chamber through the injection chamber a d ，P d ＜P2 a ；
Step 9.3, opening a top exhaust channel and a bottom exhaust channel of the test device, and removing visible bubbles in the sample and the rubber membrane;
after removing the bubbles, closing the top exhaust channel and the bottom exhaust channel;
Step 10.1, closing a permeate flow channel, opening a liquid injection hole, adjusting an air regulating valve of the injection chamber a, applying pressure to the upper part of the flexible rubber membrane, discharging deionized water from the liquid injection hole, enabling the emulsion membrane to be in contact with the bottom of the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a after the lower half chamber is emptied, and closing the liquid injection hole;
step 10.2, opening the exhaust hole, opening a side wall back pressure switch, closing the back pressure switch, rotating the three-way ball valve a to enable gas to enter the lower half chamber, applying pressure to the lower part of the flexible rubber film, rebounding the flexible rubber film to be in contact with the top of the upper half chamber, and closing the exhaust hole;
step 10.3, closing a side wall back pressure switch, zeroing a three-way ball valve a, opening a liquid injection hole, injecting penetrating liquid into the injection chamber a, closing the liquid injection hole after filling, opening a back pressure switch, and rotating the three-way ball valve a to enable a gas pressure stabilizing machine to be communicated with the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a;
Step 10.4, zeroing the air regulating valve of the injection chamber c and then readjusting to stabilize the confining pressure in the confining pressure chamber to the set liquid confining pressure P m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Air conditioning of an injection chamber aValve for stabilizing injection pressure to set injection pressure P n Permeate flows from the injection chamber a into the permeation chamber through one corrosion-resistant input flowmeter and a permeation chamber input channel, and flows into the permeate collecting device through a permeate output channel and another corrosion-resistant output flowmeter;
in the test process, when the penetrating fluid injected into the chamber a is exhausted, closing the penetrating fluid input channel, returning to the step 10.2, re-injecting the penetrating fluid, and continuing the test;
step 10.5, stopping the injection of the permeate when the termination condition of the permeation test is met, automatically storing the real-time permeate output flow Q at the moment, and entering the step 11; otherwise, returning to the step 10.4, and continuing the test;
Dismantling the sample, and measuring and recording the final diameter D and the final height L of the sample;
and (3) calling test data in the data recorder, and calculating the permeability coefficient K, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, delta h is the water head difference,
H w at the height of the water column under standard atmospheric pressure, P standard Is 1 atm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the penetration test termination conditions are determined as follows:
setting that data comparison is carried out once every 1 hour, and recording real-time data obtained during data comparison as comparison instant data;
when the permeate is water, the permeation test termination conditions are simultaneously the following conditions:
(1) The ratio of the input flow of the comparison instant permeate to the output flow of the comparison instant permeate, which is measured during the continuous 4 times of data comparison, is between 0.75 and 1.25;
(2) And finally, the measured instantaneous permeate output flow of comparison is between 0.75 and 1.25 times of the average flow value during the continuous 4 times of data comparison, wherein the average flow value is the average of 60 real-time permeate output flows recorded in the two times of data comparison intervals;
When the permeate is a heavy metal solution or an organic contaminated solution, the conditions for terminating the permeation test should satisfy the following conditions in addition to the above-mentioned requirements:
(3) The difference between the output flow of the comparison instant penetrating fluid and the input flow of the comparison instant penetrating fluid is more than or equal to 2 times of the pore volume of the sample;
(4) Comparing the conductivity of the instantaneous permeate output to be within +/-10% of the initial conductivity;
(5) The pH value of the output of the comparison instant permeate is within + -10% of the initial pH value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the test method can measure the permeability coefficient of various penetrants such as heavy metals, organic matters and other pollutant liquids on the samples with the simultaneous effect of temperature and stress under the dry-wet cycle;
2. the method is simple, and the change rule of the permeability coefficient and other indexes can be automatically monitored in real time only by controlling the data recorder.
3. The penetrometer of the present invention can perform infiltration and collection of various penetrants, such as: the pollution liquid such as heavy metal, organic matters and the like can not pollute and corrode the instrument in the whole permeation process, and the service life of the permeameter is effectively prolonged;
4. the flexible wall permeameter is combined with the back pressure device to realize the application and control of axial force, so that the deformation of the sample can be monitored;
5. The confining pressure is applied, meanwhile, the injection of confining pressure liquid is greatly reduced, the constant temperature is maintained more finely, and the humidity change of a sample is realized by controlling the temperature and circulating water injection;
6. in the test process, the seepage liquid and the seepage liquid flow in the seepage test process are monitored in real time through the data recorder, and the chemical state of the seepage liquid can be monitored in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a test method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the general structure of a flexible wall permeameter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a confining pressure chamber structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pressing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the injection chamber a according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the injection chamber b according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the injection chamber c according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an automated exudate monitoring and collecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-gas cylinder, 2-gas pressure release valve, 3-gas steady-pressure machine, 4-air regulating valve, 5-fourth air regulating valve, 6-filter paper, 8-numerical pressure gauge, 9-controllable temperature heating belt, 10-upper through channel, 11-lower through channel, 12-three-way ball valve a, 13-back pressure switch, 14-exhaust hole, 15-flexible rubber membrane, 16-liquid injection hole, 17-side wall back pressure switch, 18-liquid one-way valve, 19-three-way ball valve b, 20-switch, 21-sample; the device comprises a steel ball, a 23-sliding column, a 24-back pressure pipe, a 25-top cover, a 26-top exhaust passage, a 27-drainage passage, a 28-permeate output passage, a 29-permeable stone, a 30-sealing ring, a 31-outflow liquid three-way valve, a 32-inflow liquid three-way valve, a 33-permeate chamber, a 34-main body, a 35-confining pressure chamber, a 36-rubber membrane, a 38-bottom exhaust passage, a 39-permeate input passage, a 40-temperature regulator, a 41-base, a 43-fixed rod, a 44-adjusting nut, a 45-back pressure screw, a 46-back pressure ejector rod, a 47-displacement sensor, a 48-stabilizing rod, a 49-L-shaped measuring rod, a 50-pressurizing ring, a 51-pressure chamber, a 52-shaft pressure gas three-way valve, a 53-back pressure base, a 54-mass sensor, a 55-air pressure chamber, a 56-flowmeter, a 57-conductivity sensor, a 58-pH sensor, a 59-permeate collecting device, a 60-conical flask, a 61-data recorder, a 63-ball valve d, a 64-three-way ball valve c.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a flexible wall penetration test method for temperature-stress integrated control under dry-wet circulation, which comprises the following steps:
The osmotic system comprises a manostat 3 and an injection chamber a, and the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c; the three injection chambers are the same in shape and each of the three injection chambers consists of an upper half chamber, a lower half chamber and a flexible rubber film 15, wherein each injection chamber is divided into two spaces which are sealed up and down by the flexible rubber film 15, the side wall of the lower half chamber, which is close to the flexible rubber film 15, is provided with a liquid injection hole 16, and the upper half chamber is provided with an exhaust hole 14; the three injection chambers are respectively communicated with the pressure stabilizer 3 through air pipes, and an air regulating valve 4 and a digital pressure gauge 8 are connected in series between each injection chamber and the pressure stabilizer 3.
The test device is assembled by a top cover 25, a main body 34 and a base 41; the main body 34 comprises a hollow cylinder and a rubber film 36, the rubber film 36 is sleeved in the hollow cylinder after being rolled into a cylinder, a closed confining pressure chamber 35 is formed between the top cover 25 and the base 41 by a gap between the outer surface of the rubber film 36 and the inner wall of the hollow cylinder, an upper through passage 10 and a lower through passage 11 are arranged on the confining pressure chamber 35, a top exhaust passage 26, a permeate output passage 28 and a drain passage 27 are arranged on the top cover 25, and a drain passage 27, a bottom exhaust passage 38 and a permeate input passage 39 are arranged on the base 41; a hemispherical pit is formed at the center of the top cover 25, and a steel ball 22 is correspondingly arranged.
The pressurizing device comprises a top pressurizing device, a bottom pressurizing device and a pressurizing measuring device; the top pressurizing device comprises a back pressure ejector rod 46 and a back pressure bolt 45, the back pressure bolt 45 passes through a through hole in the center of the back pressure ejector rod 46 from top to bottom, is downward and is in contact with the top of the steel ball 22, the bottom pressurizing device comprises a pressure chamber 51 and a pressurizing ring 50, the pressurizing ring 50 is arranged in the pressure chamber 51, a closed air pressure chamber 55 is formed between the bottom surface of the pressurizing ring 50 and the inner wall of the pressure chamber 51, the pressurizing measuring device comprises a stabilizer bar 48 and an L-shaped measuring bar 49, the lower part of the L-shaped measuring bar 49 is connected with the pressurizing ring 50, and the upper part of the L-shaped measuring bar 49 is connected with one end of the stabilizer bar 48.
The permeation system consists of a gas cylinder 1, a gas pressure release valve 2, a gas stabilizer 3, an injection chamber a and an automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device; the gas cylinder 1 is communicated with a gas pressure stabilizing machine 3 through a gas pressure release valve 2; a three-way ball valve a12 and a back pressure switch 13 are also arranged between the gas stabilizer 3 and the injection chamber a, a back pressure pipe 24 is connected to the three-way ball valve a12, and the other end of the back pressure pipe 24 is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a is communicated with the permeate input channel 39 through a three-way ball valve c 64; the gas stabilizer 3 is communicated with the gas pressure chamber 55 through a fourth air regulating valve 5 and a shaft pressure gas three-way valve 52; the permeate automatic monitoring and collecting device comprises a permeate collecting device 59, a conical flask 60, a data recorder 61, two anti-corrosion flowmeters 56 and a three-way ball valve d63.
The confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c, and a temperature-controllable heating belt 9 is arranged outside the injection chamber c. The lower half chamber of the injection chamber b is communicated with the lower through channel 11 through a three-way ball valve b19 and an inflow liquid three-way valve 32, and the other end of the three-way ball valve b19 is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c through a liquid one-way valve 18; the lower half of the injection chamber c communicates with the upper through-passage 10 via another liquid check valve 18 and an outflow liquid three-way valve 31.
Setting J dry and wet cycle times, and recording any one of the J dry and wet cycle times as the set dry and wet cycle times X j J=1, 2..j; setting I test temperatures, and recording any one of the test temperatures as a set test temperature T i I=1, 2 … I; setting the consolidation pressure of group A, and recording any one group as the set consolidation pressure P a The set consolidation pressure P a Includes setting the consolidation axis pressure P1 a And setting the consolidation confining pressure P2 a A=1, 2 … a, i.e. the permeation test method of the present invention comprises j×i×a combinations;
then, a permeation test was performed for each combination of J.times.I.times.A, and the state of temperature and stress change of the test specimen after the number of dry and wet cycles was reached was monitored and recorded simultaneously.
Specifically, any combination of test steps is shown in step 3-step 11.
Given a set humidity cycle temperature T x Setting the dry water content w 1 Setting the saturated water content w 2 And w is 2 ≥w 1 ；
Given a set liquid confining pressure Pm, m=1, 2 … M, a set injection pressure P n N=1, 2 … N, and in the permeation test, the liquid confining pressure P was set for each m Each set injection pressure P n Performing a first penetration test;
in the osmotic test process, four sensors, namely a displacement sensor 47, a pH sensor 58, a conductivity sensor 57 and a mass sensor 54 are arranged in the flexible wall osmometer, wherein the displacement sensor 47 is arranged on a stabilizer bar 48, the pH sensor 58 and the conductivity sensor 57 are arranged in an osmotic liquid collecting device 59, and the mass sensor 54 is arranged at the bottom of a pneumatic chamber 55;
during the permeation test, a temperature regulator 40 is provided for monitoring the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt 9;
during the penetration test, the data logger 61 was connected to the two anti-corrosion flowmeters 56, the four sensors, and the temperature regulator 40, respectively, to obtain real-time data, and automatically record every 1 minute.
Firstly, all valves are adjusted to be in a closed state, all channels are closed, the exhaust hole 14 and the liquid injection hole 16 are closed, and the initial states of the flexible rubber membranes 15 in the three injection chambers are all in contact with the top of the upper half chamber;
the mass of the sample was weighed and recorded as the initial mass m 0 The water content of the sample was calculated and recorded as the initial water content w 0 ；
Then the filling hole 16 is opened, deionized water is filled into the three filling chambers, the filling hole 16 is closed after filling, and the three-way ball valve b19 is rotated to enable the filling chamber b to be communicated with the confining pressure chamber 35 through the inflow liquid three-way valve 32 and the lower through passage 11.
Taking down the top cover 25 in the test device, sequentially installing the permeable stone 29, the filter paper 6, the sample 21, the filter paper 6 and the permeable stone 29 in the rubber film 36 rolled into a cylinder from bottom to top, and locking the top cover 25 with the main body 34 and the base 41 to form an internally-sealed permeation chamber 33;
the test device is placed on the pressurizing ring 50 with the steel ball 22 aligned with the center of the bottom end of the back pressure screw 45.
The inflow liquid three-way valve 32 is regulated to enable the lower through passage 11 to be communicated with a water injection pump, the outflow liquid three-way valve 31 is regulated to enable the upper through passage 10 to be connected with a water bucket, the water injection pump is started to inject deionized water into the confining pressure chamber 35, and when the water level reaches the top of the confining pressure chamber 35 and water flows into the water bucket, the outflow liquid three-way valve 31 is regulated to enable the confining pressure chamber 35 to be communicated with the injection chamber c through a perfusion tube.
Step 7.1, opening the gas bottle 1, adjusting the gas pressure release valve 2 to enable compressed gas to flow into the gas pressure stabilizing machine 3, starting heating by the temperature-controllable heating belt 9, and monitoring the temperature by the temperature regulator 40;
step 7.2, the air regulating valve 4 at the upper end of the injection chamber c is regulated to apply micro pressure to the injection chamber c, the three-way ball valve b19 is rotated to enable the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c to be communicated with the inflow liquid three-way valve 32, deionized water in the injection chamber c enters the confining pressure chamber 35 and flows back to the injection chamber c through the outflow liquid three-way valve 31, and continuous circulation is realized;
step 7.3, waiting for the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt 9 to reach the set humidity circulation temperature T x At this time, the mass of the sample 21 is recorded and is referred to as the overall mass m 1 ；
All the drain passages 27 are opened to put the sample 21 into an evaporated state;
step 7.4, waiting for the water content of the sample to reach the set dry water content w 1 When the heating is stopped, the air regulating valve 4 at the upper end of the injection chamber a is regulated to apply a constant saturation pressure P to the injection chamber a t Deionized water is led into the permeation chamber 33 through the permeation liquid input channel 39 to moisten the sample 21, and the air regulating valve 4 at the upper end of the injection chamber b is regulated to apply the same saturation pressure P to the injection chamber b t ；
Step 7.5, the water content of the sample reaches the saturated water content w 2 When the method is used, one-time dryness and humidity circulation is completed;
step 7.6, checking whether the set dry-wet cycle number X is reached j And (5) if the temperature reaches the preset value, the step 8 is started, otherwise, the step 7.1 is returned, and the dry-wet circulation is continued.
Step 8.1, zeroing the air regulating valve 4 of the injection chamber a and communicating two anti-corrosion flowmeters 56 with the permeate inlet channel 39, permeate outlet channel 28, respectively, recording the mass of the sample 21 at this time and recording as the equilibrium mass m 2 ；
The gas stabilizer 3 applies a constant axial pressure P to the pressure chamber 51 through the axial pressure gas three-way valve 52 h ，P h ＝4m 2 g/(πR 2 ) Where R is the inner radius of the pressure chamber 51, g=9.8N/kg;
the back pressure screw 45 is adjusted to enable the lower bottom surface of the back pressure screw 45 to be in contact with the steel balls 22, and the back pressure screw is fixed by an adjusting nut 44; the position of the stabilizing rod 48 on the L-shaped measuring rod 49 is regulated, so that the probe of the displacement sensor 47 is contacted with the upper surface of the back pressure screw 45;
step 8.2, adjusting the shaft pressure gas three-way valve 52 to enable the gas pressure chamber 55 to be communicated with the pressure stabilizer 3; the fourth air regulating valve 5 is zeroed and then readjusted, and the set consolidation axis pressure P1 is applied to the air pressure chamber 55 a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the An air-conditioning valve 4 for adjusting the injection chamber b, and a set consolidation confining pressure P2 is applied to the confining pressure chamber 35 through the injection chamber b a ，P2 a ＞P1 a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The vertical deformation of the sample was recorded by the data recorder 61, and when the vertical deformation was less than 0.01mm within 1 hour, the consolidation process was ended.
Step 9.1, the temperature of the temperature controllable heating zone 9 is adjusted to the set test temperature T by the temperature regulator 40 i An air-conditioning valve 4 for adjusting the upper end of the injection chamber c, and a set consolidation confining pressure P is applied to the confining pressure chamber 35 through the injection chamber c a2 ；
Step 9.2, after the temperature has stabilized, adjusting the air regulating valve 4 at the upper end of the injection chamber a, applying an initial injection pressure P to the permeate chamber 33 through the injection chamber a d ，P d ＜P2 a ；
Step 9.3, opening the top exhaust channel 26 and the bottom exhaust channel 38 of the test device, and removing visible bubbles in the sample 21 and the rubber membrane 36;
after the bubbles are removed, the top vent passage 26 and the bottom vent passage 38 are closed.
Step 10.1, closing a permeate inflow channel 39, opening a liquid injection hole 16, adjusting an air regulating valve 4 of an injection chamber a, applying pressure to the upper part of a flexible rubber membrane 15, discharging deionized water from the liquid injection hole 16, enabling a latex membrane to be in contact with the bottom of the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a after the lower half chamber is emptied, and closing the liquid injection hole 16;
step 10.2, opening the exhaust hole 14, opening the side wall back pressure switch 17, closing the back pressure switch 13, rotating the three-way ball valve a12 to enable gas to enter the lower half chamber, applying pressure to the lower part of the flexible rubber film 15, rebounding the flexible rubber film 15 to be in contact with the top of the upper half chamber, and closing the exhaust hole 14;
Step 10.3, closing a side wall back pressure switch 17, zeroing a three-way ball valve a12, opening a liquid injection hole 16, injecting penetrating liquid into the injection chamber a, closing the liquid injection hole 16 after filling, opening a back pressure switch 13, and rotating the three-way ball valve a12 to enable the gas pressure stabilizer 3 to be communicated with the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a;
step 10.4, zeroing the air regulating valve 4 of the injection chamber c and then readjusting to stabilize the confining pressure in the confining pressure chamber 35 to the set liquid confining pressure P m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The air-conditioning valve 4 of the injection chamber a is adjusted to stabilize the injection pressure to the set injection pressure P n Permeate from the inlet chamber a flows into the permeate chamber 33 via one of the anti-corrosion inlet flow meters 62, the permeate chamber inlet passage 39, and then flows into the permeate collection device 59 via the permeate outlet passage 28, the other anti-corrosion outlet flow meter 56;
in the test process, when the permeate injected into the chamber a is exhausted, the permeate input channel 39 is closed, the process returns to the step 10.2, the permeate is refilled, and the test is continued;
step 10.5, stopping the injection of the permeate when the termination condition of the permeation test is met, automatically storing the real-time permeate output flow Q at the moment, and entering the step 11; otherwise, returning to the step 10.4, and continuing the test.
The permeation test termination conditions were determined as follows:
Setting that data comparison is carried out once every 1 hour, and recording real-time data obtained during data comparison as comparison instant data;
when the permeate is water, the permeation test termination conditions are simultaneously the following conditions:
(1) The ratio of the input flow of the comparison instant permeate to the output flow of the comparison instant permeate, which is measured during the continuous 4 times of data comparison, is between 0.75 and 1.25;
(2) And finally, the instantaneous permeate output flow of comparison measured during continuous 4 times of data comparison is between 0.75 and 1.25 times of the average flow value, wherein the average flow value is the average of 60 real-time permeate output flows recorded in the two times of data comparison intervals.
When the permeate is a heavy metal solution or an organic contaminated solution, the conditions for terminating the permeation test should satisfy the following conditions in addition to the above-mentioned requirements:
(3) The difference between the output flow of the comparison instant penetrating fluid and the input flow of the comparison instant penetrating fluid is more than or equal to 2 times of the pore volume of the sample;
(4) Comparing the conductivity of the instantaneous permeate output to be within +/-10% of the initial conductivity;
(5) The pH value of the output of the comparison instant permeate is within + -10% of the initial pH value.
Dismantling the sample, and measuring and recording the final diameter D and the final height L of the sample;
and (3) calling test data in the data recorder, and calculating the permeability coefficient K, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, delta h is the water head difference,
H w at the height of the water column under standard atmospheric pressure, P standard Is 1 atm.
Fig. 1 shows steps 4-11 of the above steps.
In the present embodiment, there is providedNumber of dry and wet cycles X j The method comprises the following steps: 0,1,3,5 times; setting the humidity circulation temperature T x Setting the test temperature T at 60 DEG C i Setting the temperature to be 30, 40 and 50 ℃ and setting the consolidation axis pressure P1 a The method comprises the following steps: 70 Corresponding setting consolidation confining pressure P2 of 80, 90kPa a The method comprises the following steps: 70 Setting the liquid confining pressure P at 80, 90kPa m The method comprises the following steps: 70 Injection pressure P was set at 90, 110kPa n The method comprises the following steps: 50 70, 90kPa.
In this embodiment, the set dry water content w 1 And setting the saturated water content w 2 The range of the values of the (B) is 2w j Wherein w is j Is the limit moisture content of cohesive soil from 0 to between a plastic state and a flowing state, and w 2 ＞w 1 。
From the above test procedures, in the test procedure of the invention, a series of penetration tests such as different dry and wet cycle times, different test temperatures, different consolidation pressures, different injection confining pressures and the like can be carried out on different samples, a large amount of data about soil pressure-deformation-penetration can be obtained, the data is transmitted to an external computer system for arrangement through a data recorder 61, and the penetration mechanism of liquid in the soil after the dry and wet cycle can be comprehensively known.
In this embodiment, the specific structure of the flexible wall permeameter described in step 1 is shown in fig. 2-9. Wherein, fig. 2 is a schematic overall structure of a flexible wall permeameter according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a confining pressure chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressurizing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection chamber a according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection chamber b according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection chamber c according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic monitoring and collecting device for exudates according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the above figures, the flexible wall permeameter of step 1 of the present invention comprises a test device, a pressurizing device, a permeation system, a confining pressure system and a sensor group.
The sensor group includes a displacement sensor 47, a pH sensor 58, a conductivity sensor 57, and a mass sensor 54. The osmotic system comprises an injection chamber a, the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c, the three injection chambers are identical in shape and are composed of an upper half chamber, a lower half chamber and a flexible rubber film 15, the flexible rubber film 15 is placed between the upper half chamber and the lower half chamber, the edge of the flexible rubber film 15 is clamped by the butt joint of the upper half chamber and the lower half chamber, the injection chamber is divided into two spaces which are closed up and down, and the side wall of the lower half chamber, which is close to the flexible rubber film 15, is provided with a liquid injection hole 16.
The test device comprises a top cover 25, a body 34, a base 42 and two water permeable stones 29.
The top cover 25 consists of a large coaxial hollow cylinder A and a sliding column 23 nested in the large coaxial hollow cylinder A, and the bottom surface of the sliding column 23 is higher than the bottom surface of the large coaxial hollow cylinder A. The sliding column 23 is provided with 4 channels which are penetrated from top to bottom, namely a top exhaust channel 26, a permeate output channel 28 and 2 drainage channels 27. A hemispherical pit is formed in the center of the top of the sliding column 23, steel balls 22 corresponding to the hemispherical pit are arranged on the hemispherical pit, and a permeable stone 29 is inlaid at the bottom of the sliding column 23.
The base 41 is formed by fixedly connecting a small coaxial cylinder and a large coaxial cylinder from top to bottom, and a permeable stone 29 is inlaid on the top of the small coaxial cylinder; from the top to the bottom of the base 41 there are 3 through drain channels 27, from the top of the small concentric cylinder to the side wall of the large concentric cylinder there are 2L-shaped channels, one of which is the bottom vent channel 38 and one of which is the permeate inlet channel 39.
The main body 34 is composed of a large coaxial hollow cylinder B and a rubber film 36, wherein the part, which is away from two end faces and has the height of H, of the large coaxial hollow cylinder B is marked as H section, the other parts are marked as H section, and H is less than or equal to 5cm. Let the inner diameter of the H section be r1, the inner diameter of the H section be r2, r2 be greater than or equal to r1, roll the rubber film 36 into a cylinder and fix on the inner wall of the H section, form a closed cylinder space between the outer surface of the rubber film 36 and the inner wall of the H section, and record this space as the confining pressure chamber 35. The upper and lower ends of the H-section are provided with through passages from the outer wall to the confining pressure chamber 35, respectively, and are denoted as an upper through passage 10 and a lower through passage 11, respectively. The specific structure of the confining pressure chamber is shown in fig. 4, wherein epsilon is a gap formed by the rubber film 36 and the inner wall of the H end, and epsilon is less than or equal to 5mm.
The outer diameters of the sliding column 23 and the small coaxial cylinder are the same as the inner diameter of the h section on the large coaxial hollow cylinder B, the sliding column 23 is inserted into the large coaxial hollow cylinder B from the upper end of the main body 34 and the small coaxial cylinder is inserted into the large coaxial hollow cylinder B from the lower end of the main body 34 respectively and locked by a locking tool, so that a complete test device is formed, and a closed infiltration chamber 33 is formed inside the rubber film 36.
In this embodiment, the locking tool includes a bolt and a nut, specifically, through holes are uniformly formed in the top cover 25, the main body 34, and the base 41, and then the bolt is inserted and locked at both ends by the nut.
The pressurizing device comprises a top pressurizing device, a bottom pressurizing device and a pressurizing measuring device; the top pressurizing device consists of a back pressure ejector rod 46, a back pressure bolt 45 and an adjusting nut 44, wherein the back pressure bolt 45 passes through a through hole in the center of the back pressure ejector plate 46 from top to bottom, is downward and is contacted with the top of the steel ball 22, and the adjusting nut 44 is sleeved on the back pressure bolt 45 and is used for adjusting the movement of the back pressure bolt 45. The bottom pressurizing means consist of a counter-pressure base 53, a pressure chamber 51 and a pressurizing ring 50. The pressure chamber 51 is mounted on a counter-pressure base 53, the lower end of the pressure chamber 51 being in communication with an axial pressure gas three-way valve 52. The pressurizing ring 50 is installed in the pressure chamber 51, and the sealing ring 30 is installed on the contact surface between the outer surface and the pressure chamber 51, when the shaft pressure gas three-way valve 52 is opened, a closed gas pressure chamber 55 is formed between the bottom surface of the pressurizing ring 50 and the inner wall of the pressure chamber 51. The mass sensor 54 is mounted on the floor of the pneumatic chamber 55.
Two inner screw holes are symmetrically formed in the back pressure base 53, two through holes are symmetrically formed in the back pressure ejector rod 46, and two fixing rods 43 penetrate through the two through holes of the back pressure ejector rod 46 and are inserted into the two inner screw holes of the back pressure base 53 and are locked by nuts. The pressurization measuring device comprises a displacement sensor 47, a stabilizer bar 48 and an L-shaped measuring bar 49, wherein one end of the stabilizer bar 49 is connected with the displacement sensor 47, and the other end of the stabilizer bar 49 is provided with a through hole. The lower part of the L-shaped measuring rod 49 is connected with the pressurizing ring 50, the outer wall of the upper part is provided with threads, and the L-shaped measuring rod penetrates through a through hole at one end of the stabilizing rod 48 and is locked by a nut.
The permeation system consists of a gas cylinder 1, a gas pressure release valve 2, a gas pressure stabilizing machine 3, an injection chamber a and an automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device; the gas cylinder 1, the gas pressure release valve 2, the gas pressure stabilizing machine 3 and the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a are sequentially communicated through a gas pipe, an air regulating valve 4, a numerical pressure gauge 8, a three-way ball valve a12 and a back pressure switch 13 are sequentially arranged between the gas pressure stabilizing machine 3 and the injection chamber a, a back pressure pipe 24 is connected to the three-way ball valve a12, and the other end of the back pressure pipe 24 is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a. The lower half chamber of the injection chamber a is communicated with the three-way ball valve c64 and the permeate input channel 39 in sequence through a transfusion tube. The gas stabilizer 3 is communicated with the shaft pressure gas three-way valve 52 through a gas pipe, and a fourth air regulating valve 5 and a numerical pressure gauge 8 are arranged between the gas stabilizer and the shaft pressure gas three-way valve.
The automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device comprises a permeate collecting device 59, a conical flask 60, a data recorder 61, two anti-corrosion flow meters 56 and a three-way ball valve d63, one end of the permeate collecting device 59 is communicated with the conical flask 60, the other end of the permeate collecting device is communicated with the permeate output channel 28 through the three-way ball valve d63, and the third end of the three-way ball valve d63 is connected with a three-way ball valve c64. The pH sensor 58 and the conductivity sensor 57 are placed in the permeate collection device 59, one corrosion-resistant flow meter 56 is installed between the permeate collection device 59 and the three-way ball valve d63, the other corrosion-resistant flow meter 56 is installed between the three-way ball valve c64 and the injection chamber a5, and the data recorder 61 is connected with the four sensors, the two corrosion-resistant flow meters 56, the three-way ball valve c64, and the three-way ball valve d63, respectively, through wires.
The confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c, and a temperature-controllable heating belt 9 is arranged outside the injection chamber c. The upper half chambers of the injection chamber b and the injection chamber c are communicated with the gas stabilizer 3 through air pipes, and an air regulating valve 4 and a numerical pressure gauge 8 are arranged between the injection chamber b and the injection chamber c. The lower half chamber of the injection chamber b is sequentially communicated with a three-way ball valve b19, an inflow liquid three-way valve 32 and the lower through passage 11 through a perfusion tube, and the other end of the three-way ball valve b19 is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c through a liquid one-way valve 18. The lower half chamber of the injection chamber c is communicated with the other liquid one-way valve 18, the outflow liquid three-way valve 31 and the upper through passage 10 through the infusion tube.
In addition, as can be seen from the above figures, the sliding column 23 and the small coaxial cylinder are provided with sealing rings 30. Two sealing rings are arranged on the sliding column 23, and one sealing ring is arranged on the small coaxial cylinder. The top of the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a, the injection chamber b and the injection chamber c is provided with an exhaust hole 14, a plug capable of being closed/opened is arranged at the exhaust hole 14, and a plug capable of being closed/opened is arranged at the liquid injection hole 16. The temperature-controllable heating belt 9 is connected with a temperature regulator 40.
In this embodiment, plugs are installed on the drain passages 27. The permeate output channel 28 and the permeate input channel 39 are both communicated with a transfusion tube, and a switch 20 is arranged on the transfusion tube. The top and bottom exhaust passages 26, 38 are each in communication with an external air duct and are each provided with a switch 20.
Claims (2)
1. The flexible wall penetration test method for temperature-stress integrated control under the dry-wet cycle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, setting a flexible wall permeameter which comprises a test device, a pressurizing device, a permeation system and a confining pressure system; the osmotic system comprises a manostat (3) and an injection chamber a, and the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c; the three injection chambers are the same in shape and each of the three injection chambers consists of an upper half chamber, a lower half chamber and a flexible rubber film (15), each injection chamber is divided into two spaces which are sealed up and down by the flexible rubber film (15), a liquid injection hole (16) is formed in the side wall, close to the flexible rubber film (15), of the lower half chamber, and an exhaust hole (14) is formed in the upper half chamber; the three injection chambers are respectively communicated with the pressure stabilizer (3) through air pipes, and an air regulating valve (4) and a digital pressure gauge (8) are connected in series between each injection chamber and the pressure stabilizer (3);
The test device is assembled by a top cover (25), a main body (34) and a base (41); the main body (34) comprises a hollow cylinder and a rubber membrane (36), the rubber membrane (36) is sleeved in the hollow cylinder after being rolled into a cylinder, a closed confining pressure chamber (35) is formed between a top cover (25) and a base (41) by a gap between the outer surface of the rubber membrane (36) and the inner wall of the hollow cylinder, an upper through channel (10) and a lower through channel (11) are formed in the confining pressure chamber (35), a top exhaust channel (26), a permeate output channel (28) and a drain channel (27) are formed in the top cover (25), and a drain channel (27), a bottom exhaust channel (38) and a permeate input channel (39) are formed in the base (41); a hemispherical pit is arranged at the center of the top cover (25), and a steel ball (22) corresponding to the hemispherical pit is arranged;
the pressurizing device comprises a top pressurizing device, a bottom pressurizing device and a pressurizing measuring device; the top pressurizing device comprises a back pressure ejector rod (46) and a back pressure bolt (45), the back pressure bolt (45) passes through a through hole in the center of the back pressure ejector rod (46) downwards from top to bottom and is in contact with the top of the steel ball (22), the bottom pressurizing device comprises a pressure chamber (51) and a pressurizing ring (50), the pressurizing ring (50) is arranged in the pressure chamber (51), a closed air pressure chamber (55) is formed between the bottom surface of the pressurizing ring (50) and the inner wall of the pressure chamber (51), the pressurizing measuring device comprises a stabilizer bar (48) and an L-shaped measuring bar (49), the lower part of the L-shaped measuring bar (49) is connected with the pressurizing ring (50), and the upper part of the L-shaped measuring bar is connected with one end of the stabilizer bar (48);
The permeation system consists of a gas cylinder (1), a gas pressure release valve (2), a gas pressure stabilizing machine (3), an injection chamber a and an automatic exudate monitoring and collecting device; the gas cylinder (1) is communicated with a gas pressure stabilizer (3) through a gas pressure release valve (2); a three-way ball valve a (12) and a back pressure switch (13) are also arranged between the gas pressure stabilizer (3) and the injection chamber a, a back pressure pipe (24) is connected to the three-way ball valve a (12), and the other end of the back pressure pipe (24) is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a is communicated with a permeate input channel (39) through a three-way ball valve c (64); the gas pressure stabilizer (3) is communicated with the gas pressure chamber (55) through a fourth air regulating valve (5) and a shaft pressure gas three-way valve (52); the automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device comprises a permeate collecting device (59), a conical flask (60), a data recorder (61), two anti-corrosion flow meters (56) and a three-way ball valve d (63);
the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c, and a temperature-controllable heating belt (9) is arranged outside the injection chamber c; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber b is communicated with the lower through channel (11) through a three-way ball valve b (19) and an inflow liquid three-way valve (32), and the other end of the three-way ball valve b (19) is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c through a liquid one-way valve (18); the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c is communicated with the upper through passage (10) through another liquid one-way valve (18) and an outflow liquid three-way valve (31);
Step 2, overall setting of the test
Setting J dry and wet cycle times, and recording any one of the J dry and wet cycle times as the set dry and wet cycle times X j J=1, 2..j; setting I test temperatures, and recording any one of the test temperatures as a set test temperature T i I=1, 2 … I; setting the consolidation pressure of group A, and recording any one group as the set consolidation pressure P a The set consolidation pressure P a Includes setting the consolidation axis pressure P1 a And setting the consolidation confining pressure P2 a A=1, 2 … a, i.e. the permeation test method of the present invention comprises j×i×a combinations;
then, performing a penetration test on each combination in the J×I×A, and synchronously monitoring and recording the temperature and stress change state of the sample after reaching the dry and wet cycle times;
specifically, any combined test steps are shown in the steps 3-11;
step 3, setting test parameters and recording test data
Given a set humidity cycle temperature T x Setting the dry water content w 1 Setting the saturated water content w 2 And w is 2 ≥w 1
Set liquid confining pressure P m M=1, 2 … M, set injection pressure to P n N=1, 2 … N, and in the permeation test, the liquid confining pressure P was set for each m Each set injection pressure P n Performing a first penetration test;
In the penetration test process, four sensors, namely a displacement sensor (47), a pH sensor (58), a conductivity sensor (57) and a mass sensor (54), are arranged in the flexible wall permeameter, wherein the displacement sensor (47) is arranged on a stabilizer bar (48), the pH sensor (58) and the conductivity sensor (57) are arranged in a permeate collection device (59), and the mass sensor (54) is arranged at the bottom of a pneumatic chamber (55);
during the penetration test, a temperature regulator (40) is arranged for monitoring the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt (9);
in the process of performing the penetration test, a data recorder (61) is respectively connected with the two anti-corrosion flowmeters (56), the four sensors and the temperature regulator (40) to acquire real-time data, and the real-time data is automatically recorded every 1 minute;
step 4, setting the initial state of the test device
Firstly, all valves are adjusted to be in a closed state, all channels are closed, the exhaust hole (14) and the liquid injection hole (16) are closed, and the initial states of the flexible rubber membranes (15) in the three injection chambers are all in contact with the top of the upper half chamber;
the mass of the sample was weighed and recorded as the initial mass m 0 The water content of the sample was calculated and recorded as the initial water content w 0 ；
Then opening the liquid injection hole (16), injecting deionized water into the three injection chambers, closing the liquid injection hole (16) after filling, and rotating the three-way ball valve b (19) to enable the injection chamber b to be communicated with the confining pressure chamber (35) through the inflow liquid three-way valve (32) and the lower through passage (11);
Step 5, mounting a sample (21)
Taking down a top cover (25) in the test device, sequentially installing a permeable stone (29), filter paper (6), a sample (21), the filter paper (6) and the permeable stone (29) in a cylindrical rubber film (36) from bottom to top, and locking the top cover (25) with a main body (34) and a base (41) to form an internally closed infiltration chamber (33);
placing the test device on a pressurizing ring (50), and aligning a steel ball (22) with the bottom center of a back pressure screw (45);
step 6, filling water into the confining pressure chamber (35)
Regulating the inflow liquid three-way valve (32) to enable the lower through passage (11) to be communicated with a water injection pump, regulating the outflow liquid three-way valve (31) to enable the upper through passage (10) to be connected with a water bucket, starting the water injection pump to inject deionized water into the confining pressure chamber (35), and regulating the outflow liquid three-way valve (31) to enable the confining pressure chamber (35) to be communicated with the injection chamber c through a liquid conveying pipe when the water level reaches the top of the confining pressure chamber (35) and water flows into the water bucket;
step 7, performing dry-wet circulation
Step 7.1, opening the gas cylinder (1), adjusting the gas pressure release valve (2) to enable compressed gas to flow into the gas pressure stabilizing machine (3), starting heating the temperature-controllable heating belt (9), and monitoring the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt by the temperature regulator (40);
step 7.2, an air regulating valve (4) at the upper end of the injection chamber c is regulated to apply micro pressure to the injection chamber c, a three-way ball valve b (19) is rotated to enable the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c to be communicated with an inflow liquid three-way valve (32), deionized water in the injection chamber c enters a confining pressure chamber (35), and flows back to the injection chamber c through an outflow liquid three-way valve (31) to realize continuous circulation;
Step 7.3, when the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt (9) reaches the set humidity circulation temperature T x At this time, the mass of the sample (21) is recorded and is referred to as the overall mass m 1 ；
All the drainage channels (27) are opened, so that the sample (21) enters an evaporation state;
step 7.4, waiting for the water content of the sample to reach the set dry water content w 1 When the heating is stopped, the air regulating valve (4) at the upper end of the injection chamber a is regulated to apply a constant saturation pressure P to the injection chamber a t The deionized water enters the permeation chamber (33) through the permeation liquid input channel (39) to moisten the sample (21), and the air regulating valve (4) at the upper end of the injection chamber b is regulated to apply the same saturation pressure P to the injection chamber b t ；
Step 7.5, the water content of the sample reaches the set saturated water content w 2 When the method is used, one-time dryness and humidity circulation is completed;
step 7.6, checking whether the set dry-wet cycle number X is reached j When the method is reached, the step 8 is entered, otherwise, the step 7.1 is returned, and the dry-wet circulation is continued;
step 8, applying axial pressure
Step 8.1, adjustingAn air-regulating valve (4) of the zero injection chamber a, and two anti-corrosion flow meters (56) are respectively communicated with the permeate input channel (39) and the permeate outflow channel (28), and the mass of the sample (21) at the moment is recorded and is recorded as a balance mass m 2 ；
The gas stabilizer (3) applies a constant axial pressure P to the pressure chamber (51) through the axial pressure gas three-way valve (52) h ，P h ＝4m 2 g/(πR 2 ) Wherein R is the inner radius of the pressure chamber (51), g=9.8N/kg;
the back pressure screw (45) is regulated to enable the lower bottom surface of the back pressure screw (45) to be in contact with the steel ball (22), and the back pressure screw is fixed by a regulating nut (44); the position of the stabilizing rod (48) on the L-shaped measuring rod (49) is adjusted, so that the probe of the displacement sensor (47) is contacted with the upper surface of the back pressure screw (45);
step 8.2, adjusting a shaft pressure gas three-way valve (52) to enable the gas pressure chamber (55) to be communicated with the pressure stabilizer (3); the fourth air regulating valve (5) is zeroed and then readjusted, and the setting consolidation shaft pressure P1 is applied to the air pressure chamber (55) a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the An air-conditioning valve (4) for adjusting the injection chamber b, wherein a set consolidation confining pressure P2 is applied to the confining pressure chamber (35) through the injection chamber b a ，P2 a ＞P1 a The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Recording the vertical deformation of the sample by a data recorder (61), and ending the consolidation process when the vertical deformation is smaller than 0.01mm within 1 hour;
step 9, removing bubbles
Step 9.1, the temperature of the temperature-controllable heating belt (9) is adjusted to be set test temperature T by a temperature regulator (40) i An air-conditioning valve (4) for adjusting the upper end of the injection chamber (c) and applying a set consolidation confining pressure (P) to the confining pressure chamber (35) through the injection chamber (c) a2 ；
Step 9.2, after the temperature has stabilized, adjusting the air-conditioning valve (4) at the upper end of the injection chamber a, applying an initial injection pressure P to the permeate chamber (33) through the injection chamber a d ，P d ＜P2 a ；
Step 9.3, opening a top exhaust channel (26) and a bottom exhaust channel (38) of the test device, and removing visible bubbles in the sample (21) and the rubber membrane (36);
after the bubbles are removed, the top vent channel (26) and the bottom vent channel (38) are closed;
step 10, injecting a permeation solution and developing a permeation test
Step 10.1, closing a permeate inflow channel (39), opening a liquid injection hole (16), adjusting an air regulating valve (4) of an injection chamber a, applying pressure to the upper part of a flexible rubber membrane (15), discharging deionized water from the liquid injection hole (16), enabling a latex membrane to be in contact with the bottom of the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a after the lower half chamber is emptied, and closing the liquid injection hole (16);
step 10.2, opening an exhaust hole (14), opening a side wall back pressure switch (17), closing a back pressure switch (13), rotating a three-way ball valve a (12) to enable gas to enter a lower half chamber, applying pressure to the lower part of a flexible rubber membrane (15), rebounding the flexible rubber membrane (15) to be in contact with the top of an upper half chamber, and closing the exhaust hole (14);
step 10.3, closing a side wall back pressure switch (17), zeroing a three-way ball valve a (12), opening a liquid injection hole (16), injecting penetrating liquid into the injection chamber a, closing the liquid injection hole (16) after filling, opening a back pressure switch (13), and rotating the three-way ball valve a (12) to enable the gas pressure stabilizer (3) to be communicated with the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a;
Step 10.4, zeroing the air regulating valve (4) of the injection chamber c and then readjusting to stabilize the confining pressure in the confining pressure chamber (35) to the set liquid confining pressure P m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the An air-conditioning valve (4) for adjusting the injection chamber a to stabilize the injection pressure to a set injection pressure P n Permeate from the injection chamber a flows into the permeate chamber (33) through one anti-corrosion input flow meter (62) and the permeate chamber input channel (39), and then flows into the permeate collection device (59) through the permeate output channel (28) and the other anti-corrosion output flow meter (56);
in the test process, when the permeate liquid in the injection chamber a is exhausted, closing the permeate liquid input channel (39), returning to the step 10.2, re-injecting the permeate liquid, and continuing the test;
step 10.5, stopping the injection of the permeate when the termination condition of the permeation test is met, automatically storing the real-time permeate output flow Q at the moment, and entering the step 11; otherwise, returning to the step 10.4, and continuing the test;
step 11, checking N set injection pressures P n If the above penetration test has not been performed, if so,returning to step 10.1, performing the next set injection pressure P n Is a permeation test of (2); otherwise, go to step 12;
step 11, checking M set liquid confining pressures P m If the penetration test is not performed, returning to the step 10.1 to perform the next set liquid confining pressure P m Is a permeation test of (2); otherwise, go to step 12;
step 12, calculating the permeability coefficient K
Dismantling the sample, and measuring and recording the final diameter D and the final height L of the sample;
and (3) calling test data in the data recorder, and calculating the permeability coefficient K, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, delta h is the water head difference,
H w at the height of the water column under standard atmospheric pressure, P standard Is 1 atm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the penetration test termination conditions are determined as follows:
setting that data comparison is carried out once every 1 hour, and recording real-time data obtained during data comparison as comparison instant data;
when the permeate is water, the permeation test termination conditions are simultaneously the following conditions:
(1) The ratio of the input flow of the comparison instant permeate to the output flow of the comparison instant permeate, which is measured during the continuous 4 times of data comparison, is between 0.75 and 1.25;
(2) And finally, the measured instantaneous permeate output flow of comparison is between 0.75 and 1.25 times of the average flow value during the continuous 4 times of data comparison, wherein the average flow value is the average of 60 real-time permeate output flows recorded in the two times of data comparison intervals;
When the permeate is a heavy metal solution or an organic contaminated solution, the conditions for terminating the permeation test should satisfy the following conditions in addition to the above-mentioned requirements:
(3) The difference between the output flow of the comparison instant penetrating fluid and the input flow of the comparison instant penetrating fluid is more than or equal to 2 times of the pore volume of the sample;
(4) Comparing the conductivity of the instantaneous permeate output to be within +/-10% of the initial conductivity;
(5) The pH value of the output of the comparison instant permeate is within + -10% of the initial pH value.
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