CN113758850B - Flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry-wet circulation - Google Patents
Flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry-wet circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113758850B CN113758850B CN202111030634.8A CN202111030634A CN113758850B CN 113758850 B CN113758850 B CN 113758850B CN 202111030634 A CN202111030634 A CN 202111030634A CN 113758850 B CN113758850 B CN 113758850B
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation, and belongs to the field of flexible wall permeameters. The flexible wall permeameter comprises a test device, a pressurizing device, a permeation system, a confining pressure system and a sensor group. The osmotic system and confining pressure system together comprise three injection chambers, the pressurizing device comprises a top pressurizing device and a bottom pressurizing device, and the testing device is arranged to form confining pressure to the sample. The penetrometer can simultaneously perform permeation tests at various set temperatures, various axial stresses, various set liquid confining pressures and various set injection pressures after dry and wet cycles of the tests. The invention realizes the measurement of the permeability coefficient under different confining pressure states, makes up the functional deficiency of the existing flexible wall permeameter, and saves more manpower and time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental geotechnical engineering, in particular to a flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation.
Background
The high-speed development of modern society in China brings about numerous infrastructure construction and urban geology problems, wherein the permeability coefficient is a key index for reflecting the permeability of a rock-soil body and is also a basic parameter which must be measured in engineering application.
In conventional indoor permeation tests, rigid wall permeameters and flexible wall permeameters are common measurement means. In the rigid wall penetration test, the sample is often uneven in preparation and cannot be installed in place, so that the sample cannot be in close contact with the side wall, side leakage occurs, and the permeability coefficient of the soil body cannot be accurately measured; the flexible wall makes the rubber film squeeze the sample by applying confining pressure and back pressure, can avoid side leakage, has the advantages of high efficiency, preventing the side wall of the sample from leakage, applying back pressure saturation, convenient check and the like, and is widely applied to occasions with higher and lower permeability of test materials.
However, in a real environment, phenomena of rainfall infiltration, humidity change, stress change and temperature change widely exist, so that cracks of a rock-soil body can develop, the integrity of the soil body is destroyed, and the accurate measurement of the permeability coefficient of a sample in an experimental instrument is realized. Therefore, the dry-wet circulation is realized in the instrument, the environmental influence factors are truly simulated, and the problem that the influence mechanism of the soil mass crack development caused by the dry-wet circulation on the seepage effect under the action of temperature and stress is needed to be solved is solved.
In order to simulate a real environment and solve the problems of installation and permeability detection of samples after dry and wet circulation, domestic expert students propose methods, and in a saturated permeability coefficient test system and method capable of simulating dry and wet circulation of a rock and soil body (CN 109470619A) of Chinese patent invention literature, a drying-wetting and circulating process is carried out on the samples in a flexible wall penetrometer by integrating a blower and a temperature control lamp, so that the problem that the samples cannot be installed into the flexible wall penetrometer after dry and wet circulation is avoided.
In the Chinese patent literature of multifunctional automatic flexible wall penetration tester and a test method thereof (CN 111337412A), a penetration test of heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali can be carried out by arranging a penetration liquid storage, and flow calculation and automatic acquisition are carried out on the penetration test by controlling a singlechip, but the method does not consider the dry-wet circulation process of a sample under the change of external conditions, can not simulate the measurement of the penetration coefficient of the sample after the dry-wet circulation, can not measure the penetration coefficient of the sample under the action of temperature and stress, and also does not consider the requirements of the penetration test ending conditions on indexes such as pH value, conductivity and the like when the penetration liquid is heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali.
In the Chinese patent literature of variable-temperature flexible wall permeameter (CN 112378829A), the temperature adjustment and control of the permeation process are realized by arranging a liquid heating rod, but the method does not consider the stress change of a sample in a real environment, the dry-wet circulation change and the change of a permeation liquid, and the automatic control and monitoring of the whole permeation test process cannot be realized.
In summary, the prior art mainly has the following disadvantages:
1. the prior art is based on a blower and a temperature control lamp to realize the dry-wet circulation of a sample, but does not consider the combined actions of the dry-wet circulation, the temperature and the stress of the sample under the action of the external environment, and when the penetrating fluid is heavy metal fluid, organic pollutant fluid, strong acid and strong alkali, the penetrating fluid causes the measuring error of the penetrating coefficient to the instrument due to corrosion;
2. the prior art realizes automatic monitoring based on a singlechip technology, but also does not consider the combined actions of dry and wet circulation, temperature and stress of a sample under the action of external environment, and also does not consider the requirements of the ending condition of a permeation test on indexes such as pH value, conductivity and the like when a permeation liquid is heavy metal liquid, organic pollution liquid, strong acid and strong alkali;
3. the prior art controls the temperature based on the liquid heating rod, but the combined actions of the dry and wet circulation, the temperature and the stress of the sample under the action of the external environment are not considered, and the control method does not realize automatic monitoring and has complex realization process.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and specifically to improve the reliability of the test and to enable the test under dry and wet cycle conditions to be performed a plurality of times.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme.
A flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation comprises a test device, a pressurizing device, a permeation system, a confining pressure system and a sensor group; the sensor group comprises a pH sensor, a conductivity sensor and a mass sensor; the osmotic system comprises an injection chamber a, the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c, the three injection chambers are identical in shape and are composed of an upper half chamber, a lower half chamber and a flexible rubber film, the flexible rubber film is placed between the upper half chamber and the lower half chamber, the edge of the flexible rubber film is clamped by the upper half chamber and the lower half chamber in a butt joint manner, namely the injection chamber is divided into two spaces which are closed up and down, and a liquid injection hole is formed in the side wall of the lower half chamber, which is close to the flexible rubber film;
the test device comprises a top cover, a main body, a base and two permeable stones; the top cover consists of a large coaxial hollow cylinder A and a sliding column nested in the large coaxial hollow cylinder A, and the bottom surface of the sliding column is higher than the bottom surface of the large coaxial hollow cylinder A; the sliding column is provided with 4 channels which are communicated from top to bottom and are respectively a top exhaust channel, a permeate output channel and 2 drainage channels; a hemispherical pit is formed in the center of the top of the sliding column, steel balls corresponding to the hemispherical pit are arranged on the hemispherical pit, and a permeable stone is inlaid at the bottom of the sliding column;
the base is formed by fixedly connecting a small coaxial cylinder and a large coaxial cylinder from top to bottom, and a permeable stone is inlaid at the top of the small coaxial cylinder; 5 through drainage channels are formed from the top to the bottom of the base, 2L-shaped channels are formed from the top of the small coaxial cylinder to the side wall of the large coaxial cylinder, one is a bottom exhaust channel, and the other is a permeate input channel;
the main body consists of a large coaxial hollow cylinder B and a rubber film, wherein the part, which is far from the two end faces and is H in height, of the large coaxial hollow cylinder B is marked as H section, the other parts are marked as H section, and H is less than or equal to 5cm; setting the inner diameter of the H section as r1, setting the inner diameter of the H section as r2, wherein r2 is more than or equal to r1, rolling the rubber film into a cylinder and fixing the cylinder on the inner wall of the H section, forming a closed cylindrical space between the outer surface of the rubber film and the inner wall of the H section, and recording the space as a confining pressure chamber; the upper end and the lower end of the H section are respectively provided with a through channel from the outer wall to the confining pressure chamber and are respectively marked as an upper through channel and a lower through channel;
the outer diameters of the sliding column and the small coaxial cylinder are the same as the inner diameter of the h section on the large coaxial hollow cylinder B, the sliding column is respectively inserted into the large coaxial hollow cylinder B from the upper end of the main body and the small coaxial cylinder from the lower end of the main body, and the locking tool is used for locking, so that a complete test device is formed;
the pressurizing device comprises a top pressurizing device, a bottom pressurizing device and a pressurizing measuring device; the top pressurizing device consists of a back pressure ejector rod, a back pressure bolt and an adjusting nut, wherein the back pressure bolt passes through a through hole in the center of the back pressure ejector plate from top to bottom, is downward and is contacted with the top of the steel ball, and the adjusting nut is sleeved on the back pressure bolt and is used for adjusting the movement of the back pressure bolt; the bottom pressurizing device consists of a back pressure base, a pressure chamber and a pressurizing ring; the pressure chamber is arranged on the back pressure base, and the lower end of the pressure chamber is communicated with a shaft pressure gas three-way valve; the pressurizing ring is arranged in the pressure chamber, a sealing ring is arranged on the contact surface between the outer surface and the pressure chamber, and when the shaft pressure gas three-way valve is opened, a closed gas pressure chamber is formed between the bottom surface of the pressurizing ring and the inner wall of the pressure chamber; the mass sensor is arranged on the bottom plate of the air pressure chamber; two inner screw holes are symmetrically formed in the back pressure base, two through holes are symmetrically formed in the back pressure ejector rod, and two fixing rods penetrate through the two through holes of the back pressure ejector rod and are inserted into the two inner screw holes of the back pressure base and are locked by nuts; the pressurization measuring device comprises a displacement sensor, a stabilizer bar and an L-shaped measuring bar, wherein one end of the stabilizer bar is connected with the displacement sensor, and the other end of the stabilizer bar is provided with a through hole; the lower part of the L-shaped measuring rod is connected with the pressurizing ring, the outer wall of the upper part of the L-shaped measuring rod is provided with threads, and the L-shaped measuring rod penetrates through a through hole at one end of the stabilizing rod and is locked by a screw cap;
the permeation system consists of a gas cylinder, a gas pressure release valve, a gas pressure stabilizing machine, an injection chamber a and an automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device; the gas cylinder, the gas pressure release valve, the gas pressure stabilizing machine and the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a are sequentially communicated through a gas pipe, an air regulating valve, a numerical pressure gauge, a three-way ball valve a and a back pressure switch are sequentially arranged between the gas pressure stabilizing machine and the injection chamber a, a back pressure pipe is connected to the three-way ball valve a, and the other end of the back pressure pipe is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a is communicated with a three-way ball valve c and a permeate input channel in sequence through a perfusion tube; the gas pressure stabilizer is communicated with the shaft pressure gas three-way valve through a gas pipe, and an air regulating valve and a numerical pressure gauge are arranged between the gas pressure stabilizer and the shaft pressure gas three-way valve; the automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device comprises a permeate collecting device, a conical bottle, a data recorder, an anti-corrosion input flowmeter, an anti-corrosion output flowmeter and a three-way ball valve d, wherein one end of the permeate collecting device is communicated with the conical bottle, the other end of the permeate collecting device is communicated with a permeate output channel through the three-way ball valve d, and the third end of the three-way ball valve d is connected with the three-way ball valve c; the pH sensor and the conductivity sensor are arranged in the permeate collection device, the anti-corrosion output flowmeter is arranged between the permeate collection device and the three-way ball valve d, the anti-corrosion input flowmeter is arranged between the three-way ball valve c and the injection cavity a, and the data recorder is respectively connected with the displacement sensor, the flowmeter, the three-way ball valve c and the three-way ball valve d through wires;
the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b and an injection chamber c, and a temperature-controllable heating belt is arranged outside the injection chamber c; the upper half chambers of the injection chamber b and the injection chamber c are communicated with a gas pressure stabilizer through a gas pipe, and an air regulating valve and a numerical pressure gauge are arranged between the injection chamber b and the injection chamber c; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber b is sequentially communicated with a three-way ball valve b, an inflow liquid three-way valve and a lower through channel through a liquid delivery pipe, and the other end of the three-way ball valve b is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c through a liquid one-way valve; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c is communicated with the other liquid one-way valve, the outflow liquid three-way valve and the upper through passage through the infusion tube.
Preferably, the sliding column and the small coaxial cylinder are provided with sealing rings.
Preferably, the top of the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a, the top of the upper half chamber of the injection chamber b and the top of the upper half chamber of the injection chamber c are respectively provided with an exhaust hole, a plug capable of being closed/opened is arranged at the exhaust hole, and a plug capable of being closed/opened is arranged at the liquid injection hole.
Preferably, the heating belt is connected with a temperature regulator.
The flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation is improved in structure based on the existing flexible wall permeameter, is supplemented in function, combines a test device and a pressurizing device, is connected into a plurality of injection chambers for simultaneous use, and is provided with a plurality of control valves and a plurality of sensors respectively, and has the beneficial effects that:
1. the penetrometer of the present invention can perform infiltration and collection of various penetrants, such as: the pollution liquid such as heavy metal, organic matters and the like can not pollute and corrode the instrument in the whole permeation process, and the service life of the permeameter is effectively prolonged;
2. the flexible wall permeameter is combined with the pressurizing device to realize the application and control of axial stress, so that the deformation of the sample can be monitored;
3. the heating belt and the injection cavity are added, so that constant temperature control is realized, meanwhile, grooves are excavated on the side wall of the sample, confining pressure liquid injection is greatly reduced while confining pressure is applied, the constant temperature is maintained more finely, a water discharge channel is arranged on the top cover and the base, humidity change of the sample is realized by controlling temperature and circulating water injection, and the problem that the sample cannot be subjected to permeability coefficient measurement due to deformation caused by dry and wet circulation is avoided;
4. the permeate liquid pipeline and the permeate liquid pipeline of the permeate chamber are respectively provided with an anti-corrosion flowmeter and are connected to a data recorder, so that the permeate liquid and permeate liquid flow in the process of a permeation test can be monitored in real time, and the permeate liquid collecting device is provided with a conductivity sensor and a pH value sensor and is connected to the data recorder, so that the chemical state of permeate liquid can be monitored in real time;
5. through the collaborative work of the test device, the pressurizing device, the penetrating system, the confining pressure system and the sensor group, the integrated control of temperature-stress under the dry-wet circulation is realized, the real environment and various penetrating fluid conditions can be more accurately simulated, and the change rule of the penetrating coefficient and other indexes is automatically monitored in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of a flexible wall permeameter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a confining pressure chamber according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pressing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the injection chamber a according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the injection chamber b according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the injection chamber c according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an automated exudate monitoring and collecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-gas cylinder, 2-gas pressure release valve, 3-gas stabilizer, 4-air adjusting valve, 5-injection chamber a, 6-injection chamber b, 7-injection chamber c, 8-numerical pressure gauge, 9-temperature controllable heating belt, 10-upper through channel, 11-lower through channel, 12-three-way ball valve a, 13-back pressure switch, 14-vent, 15-flexible rubber membrane, 16-liquid injection hole, 17-side wall back pressure switch, 18-liquid one-way valve, 19-three-way ball valve b, 20-switch, 22-steel pellet, 23-sliding column, 24-back pressure pipe, 25-top cover, 26-top exhaust channel, 27-drain channel, 28-permeate output channel, 29-permeable stone, 30-sealing ring, 31-outflow liquid three-way valve, 32-inflow liquid three-way valve, 33-permeation chamber, 34-main body, 35-confining pressure chamber, 36-rubber membrane, 38-bottom exhaust channel, 39-permeation liquid input channel, 40-temperature regulator, 41-base, 43-fixing rod, 44-adjusting nut, 45-back pressure screw, 46-back pressure ejector rod, 47-displacement sensor, 48-stabilizing rod, 49-measuring rod, 50-pressurizing ring, 51-pressure chamber, 52-axial pressure gas three-way valve, 53-back pressure base, 54-mass sensor, 55-air pressure chamber, 56-anticorrosion output flowmeter, 57-conductivity sensor, 58-pH sensor, 59-permeate collection device, 60-conical flask, 61-data logger, 62-anti-corrosion input flowmeter; 63-three-way ball valve d, 64-three-way ball valve c.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure of a flexible wall permeameter according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressurizing device according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection chamber a according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection chamber b according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection chamber c according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic monitoring and collecting device for exudates according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the above figures, the flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation comprises a test device, a pressurizing device, a permeation system, a confining pressure system and a sensor group.
The sensor group comprises a pH sensor 58, a conductivity sensor 57 and a quality sensor 54, and is communicated with a data recorder 61 through a wire so as to realize real-time recording and monitoring of various data. The osmotic system comprises an injection chamber a5, the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b6 and an injection chamber c7, the three injection chambers are identical in shape and are composed of an upper half chamber, a lower half chamber and a flexible rubber film 15, the flexible rubber film 15 is placed between the upper half chamber and the lower half chamber, the edge of the flexible rubber film 15 is clamped by the upper half chamber and the lower half chamber in a butt joint mode, the injection chamber is divided into two spaces which are sealed up and down, a liquid injection hole 16 is formed in the side wall, close to the flexible rubber film 15, of the lower half chamber, gas flows into the upper half chamber, pressure is transferred to liquid of the lower half chamber through the flexible rubber film 15, the gas is isolated from polluted liquid through the anti-corrosion and anti-seepage flexible rubber film 15, and the pressure is transferred through compression of the flexible rubber film 15 without worrying about influence on the property of the liquid due to direct contact of the gas with the liquid.
The test device comprises a top cover 25, a body 34, a base 42 and two water permeable stones 29.
The top cover 25 consists of a large coaxial hollow cylinder A and a sliding column 23 nested in the large coaxial hollow cylinder A, and the bottom surface of the sliding column 23 is higher than the bottom surface of the large coaxial hollow cylinder A. The sliding column 23 is provided with 4 channels which are penetrated from top to bottom, namely a top exhaust channel 26, a permeate output channel 28 and 2 drainage channels 27. The center of the top of the sliding column 23 is provided with a hemispherical pit, and is provided with a steel ball 22 corresponding to the hemispherical pit, the bottom of the sliding column 23 is inlaid with a permeable stone 29, water in a sample can be dissipated through a drainage channel 27, and the steel ball 22 is positioned in the hemispherical pit, so that the stress of the sliding column 23 is more uniform.
The base 41 is formed by fixedly connecting a small coaxial cylinder and a large coaxial cylinder from top to bottom, and a permeable stone 29 is inlaid on the top of the small coaxial cylinder; from the top to the bottom of the base 41 there are 5 through drain channels 27, from the top of the small concentric cylinder to the side wall of the large concentric cylinder there are 2L-shaped channels, one of which is the bottom vent channel 38 and one of which is the permeate inlet channel 39.
The main body 34 is composed of a large coaxial hollow cylinder B and a rubber film 36, wherein the part, which is away from two end faces and has the height of H, of the large coaxial hollow cylinder B is marked as H section, the other parts are marked as H section, and H is less than or equal to 5cm. Let the inner diameter of the H section be r1, the inner diameter of the H section be r2, r2 be greater than or equal to r1, roll the rubber film 36 into a cylinder and fix on the inner wall of the H section, form a closed cylinder space between the outer surface of the rubber film 36 and the inner wall of the H section, and record this space as the confining pressure chamber 35. The upper and lower ends of the H-section are provided with through passages from the outer wall to the confining pressure chamber 35, respectively, and are denoted as an upper through passage 10 and a lower through passage 11, respectively. The specific structure of the confining pressure chamber is shown in figure 3, wherein epsilon is a gap formed by the rubber film 36 and the inner wall of the H end, and epsilon is less than or equal to 5mm. In the test, deionized water flowed into the confining pressure chamber 35 from the lower through passage 11, and the upper through passage 10 flowed out, and confining pressure was controlled by controlling the water pressure and transmitting the pressure from the rubber film 36.
The outer diameters of the sliding column 23 and the small coaxial cylinder are the same as the inner diameter of the h section on the large coaxial hollow cylinder B, the sliding column 23 is inserted into the large coaxial hollow cylinder B from the upper end of the main body 34 and the small coaxial cylinder is inserted into the large coaxial hollow cylinder B from the lower end of the main body 34 respectively and locked by a locking tool, and a complete test device is formed.
In this embodiment, the locking tool includes a bolt and a nut, specifically, through holes are uniformly formed in the top cover 25, the main body 34, and the base 41, and then the bolt is inserted and locked at both ends by the nut.
The pressurizing device comprises a top pressurizing device, a bottom pressurizing device and a pressurizing measuring device; the top pressurizing device consists of a back pressure ejector rod 46, a back pressure bolt 45 and an adjusting nut 44, wherein the back pressure bolt 45 passes through a through hole in the center of the back pressure ejector plate 46 from top to bottom, is downward and is contacted with the top of the steel ball 22, and the adjusting nut 44 is sleeved on the back pressure bolt 45 and is used for adjusting the movement of the back pressure bolt 45. The bottom pressurizing means consist of a counter-pressure base 53, a pressure chamber 51 and a pressurizing ring 50. The pressure chamber 51 is mounted on a counter-pressure base 53, the lower end of the pressure chamber 51 being in communication with an axial pressure gas three-way valve 52. The pressurizing ring 50 is installed in the pressure chamber 51, and the sealing ring 30 is installed on the contact surface between the outer surface and the pressure chamber 51, when the shaft pressure gas three-way valve 52 is opened, a closed gas pressure chamber 55 is formed between the bottom surface of the pressurizing ring 50 and the inner wall of the pressure chamber 51. The mass sensor 54 is mounted on the floor of the pneumatic chamber 55.
In this embodiment, the pressurizing ring 50 is formed in a hollow ring shape, and includes an upper plane, a lower plane, and three support columns connecting the upper plane and the lower plane, and the sealing ring is installed at the outer side of the lower plane.
Two inner screw holes are symmetrically formed in the back pressure base 53, two through holes are symmetrically formed in the back pressure ejector rod 46, and two fixing rods 43 penetrate through the two through holes of the back pressure ejector rod 46 and are inserted into the two inner screw holes of the back pressure base 53 and are locked by nuts. The pressurization measuring device comprises a displacement sensor 47, a stabilizer bar 48 and an L-shaped measuring bar 49, wherein one end of the stabilizer bar 49 is connected with the displacement sensor 47, and the other end of the stabilizer bar 49 is provided with a through hole. The lower part of the L-shaped measuring rod 49 is connected with the pressurizing ring 50, the outer wall of the upper part is provided with threads, and the L-shaped measuring rod penetrates through a through hole at one end of the stabilizing rod 48 and is locked by a nut.
The permeation system consists of a gas cylinder 1, a gas pressure release valve 2, a gas pressure stabilizing machine 3, an injection chamber a5 and an automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device; the gas cylinder 1, the gas pressure release valve 2, the gas pressure stabilizing machine 3 and the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a5 are sequentially communicated through gas pipes, an air regulating valve 4, a numerical pressure gauge 8, a three-way ball valve a12 and a back pressure switch 13 are sequentially arranged between the gas pressure stabilizing machine 3 and the injection chamber a5, a back pressure pipe 24 is connected to the three-way ball valve a12, and the other end of the back pressure pipe 24 is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a 5. The lower half chamber of the injection chamber a5 is communicated with the three-way ball valve c64 and the permeate input channel 39 in sequence through a transfusion tube. The gas stabilizer 3 is communicated with the shaft pressure gas three-way valve 52 through a gas pipe, and an air regulating valve 4 and a numerical pressure gauge 8 are arranged between the gas stabilizer and the shaft pressure gas three-way valve.
The automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device comprises a permeate collecting device 59, a conical flask 6, a data recorder 61, an anti-corrosion input flowmeter 62, an anti-corrosion output flowmeter 56 and a three-way ball valve d63, one end of the permeate collecting device 59 is communicated with the conical flask 60, the other end of the permeate collecting device is communicated with the permeate output channel 28 through the three-way ball valve d63, and the third end of the three-way ball valve d63 is connected with the three-way ball valve c64. The pH sensor 58 and the conductivity sensor 57 are placed in the permeate collection device 59, the anti-corrosion output flow meter 56 is installed between the permeate collection device 59 and the three-way ball valve d63, the anti-corrosion input flow meter 62 is installed between the three-way ball valve c64 and the injection chamber a5, and the data recorder 61 is respectively connected with the displacement sensor 47, the flow meter 56, the three-way ball valve c64 and the three-way ball valve d63 through wires.
The confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b6 and an injection chamber c7, and a temperature-controllable heating belt 9 is arranged outside the injection chamber c 6. The upper half chambers of the injection chamber b6 and the injection chamber c7 are communicated with the gas stabilizer 3 through gas pipes, and an air regulating valve 4 and a numerical pressure gauge 8 are arranged between the upper half chambers. The lower half chamber of the injection chamber b6 is sequentially communicated with a three-way ball valve b19, an inflow liquid three-way valve 32 and the lower through passage 11 through a perfusion tube, and the other end of the three-way ball valve b19 is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c7 through a liquid one-way valve 18. The lower half chamber of the injection chamber c7 is communicated with the other liquid one-way valve 18, the outflow liquid three-way valve 31 and the upper through passage 10 through the infusion tube.
In this embodiment, the sliding column 23 and the small coaxial cylinder are provided with sealing rings 30. As can be seen from fig. 2, two sealing rings are mounted on the sliding column 23, and one sealing ring is mounted on the small coaxial cylinder.
In this embodiment, the top of the upper half of the injection chambers a5, b6 and c7 are provided with an exhaust hole 14, a plug capable of being closed/opened is installed at the exhaust hole 14, and a plug capable of being closed/opened is installed at the injection hole 16.
In this embodiment, the heating belt 9 is connected to a temperature regulator 40.
In this embodiment, plugs are installed on the drain passages 27. The permeate output channel 28 and the permeate input channel 39 are both communicated with a transfusion tube, and a switch 20 is arranged on the transfusion tube. The top and bottom exhaust passages 26, 38 are each in communication with an external air duct and are each provided with a switch 20.
In the present embodiment, the number of dry and wet cycles is set as: 0,1,3,5 times, the temperature during drying was set to 60 ℃, the test temperature was set to 30, 40, 50 ℃, and the axial stress was set to: 70 80, 90kPa, corresponding ambient pressure: 70 Liquid confining pressure was set at 80, 90 kPa: 70 Injection pressure was set at 90, 110 kPa: 50 70, 90kPa.
The invention realizes the application of pressure of different devices by combining the gas cylinder 1 with the gas stabilizer 3; the conversion of air pressure and hydraulic pressure is realized through the injection cavity, wherein a5 and b6 apply injection pressure and ambient pressure to the sample, c7 controls the temperature through a temperature-controllable heating belt, and unidirectional flow of liquid is realized through a one-way valve 18, so that the temperature control in the process of keeping the sample dry and wet and in the process of permeation is realized; the test device is characterized in that a top cover 25 and a base 41 are embedded into a main body 34 to realize the penetration test of a sample under a closed condition, the transmission of axial pressure is realized through a sliding column 23, and the change of humidity in the dry and wet process is realized through the arrangement of a drainage channel 27 and a plug 21; the pressurizing device applies axial stress to the sample through the air pressure chamber 55 and the pressurizing ring 50, and the deformation of the sample is monitored through the displacement sensor 47; the automatic monitoring and recording of the various parameters during the test is achieved by the cooperation of the flow meter, various sensors and the data logger 61.
From the above, the structure and the function of the flexible wall permeameter are improved and supplemented, the application range of the flexible wall permeameter is widened, the injection cavity a5 is arranged to meet the permeability detection of various permeate liquids, the temperature-controllable heating belt 9 is arranged to realize the dry-wet circulation and temperature control of the sample in the instrument, the pressurizing device is arranged to realize the control and monitoring of the axial stress, and the integrated control of the temperature-stress under the dry-wet circulation is realized through the cooperative work of the testing device, the pressurizing device, the permeation system, the confining pressure system and the sensor group.
Claims (4)
1. The flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet circulation is characterized by comprising a test device, a pressurizing device, a permeation system, a confining pressure system and a sensor group; the sensor group comprises a pH sensor (58), a conductivity sensor (57) and a mass sensor (54); the osmotic system comprises an injection chamber a (5), the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b (6) and an injection chamber c (7), the three injection chambers are identical in shape and are composed of an upper half chamber, a lower half chamber and a flexible rubber membrane (15), the flexible rubber membrane (15) is placed between the upper half chamber and the lower half chamber, the edges of the flexible rubber membrane are clamped by the upper half chamber and the lower half chamber in a butt joint manner, the injection chamber is divided into two spaces which are closed up and down, and a liquid injection hole (16) is formed in the side wall of the lower half chamber, which is close to the flexible rubber membrane (15);
the test device comprises a top cover (25), a main body (34), a base (41) and two water permeable stones (29); the top cover (25) consists of a large coaxial hollow cylinder A and a sliding column (23) nested in the large coaxial hollow cylinder A, and the bottom surface of the sliding column (23) is higher than the bottom surface of the large coaxial hollow cylinder A; the sliding column (23) is provided with 4 channels which are communicated from top to bottom and are respectively a top exhaust channel (26), a permeate output channel (28) and 2 drainage channels (27); a hemispherical pit is formed in the center of the top of the sliding column (23), steel balls (22) corresponding to the hemispherical pit are arranged on the sliding column, and a permeable stone (29) is inlaid at the bottom of the sliding column (23);
the base (41) is formed by fixedly connecting a small coaxial cylinder and a large coaxial cylinder from top to bottom, and a water permeable stone (29) is inlaid at the top of the small coaxial cylinder; 5 through drainage channels (27) are formed from the top to the bottom of the base (41), 2L-shaped channels are formed from the top of the small coaxial cylinder to the side wall of the large coaxial cylinder, one is a bottom exhaust channel (38), and the other is a permeate input channel (39);
the main body (34) consists of a large coaxial hollow cylinder B and a rubber film (36), wherein the part, which is away from two end faces and is H in height, of the large coaxial hollow cylinder B is marked as H section, and the other parts are marked as H section, wherein H is less than or equal to 5cm; setting the inner diameter of the H section as r1, setting the inner diameter of the H section as r2, wherein r2 is more than or equal to r1, rolling a rubber film (36) into a cylinder shape and fixing the cylinder shape on the inner wall of the H section, forming a closed cylinder-shaped space between the outer surface of the rubber film (36) and the inner wall of the H section, and recording the space as a confining pressure chamber (35); the upper end and the lower end of the H section are respectively provided with a through channel from the outer wall to the confining pressure chamber (35), and are respectively marked as an upper through channel (10) and a lower through channel (11);
the outer diameters of the sliding column (23) and the small coaxial cylinder are the same as the inner diameter of the h section on the large coaxial hollow cylinder B, the sliding column (23) is inserted into the large coaxial hollow cylinder B from the upper end of the main body (34) and the small coaxial cylinder is inserted into the large coaxial hollow cylinder B from the lower end of the main body (34) respectively and locked by a locking tool, and a complete test device is formed;
the pressurizing device comprises a top pressurizing device, a bottom pressurizing device and a pressurizing measuring device; the top pressurizing device consists of a back pressure ejector rod (46), a back pressure bolt (45) and an adjusting nut (44), wherein the back pressure bolt (45) passes through a through hole in the center of the back pressure ejector rod (46) from top to bottom, is downward and is contacted with the top of the steel ball (22), and the adjusting nut (44) is sleeved on the back pressure bolt (45) and is used for adjusting the movement of the back pressure bolt (45); the bottom pressurizing device consists of a back pressure base (53), a pressure chamber (51) and a pressurizing ring (50); the pressure chamber (51) is arranged on the back pressure base (53), and the lower end of the pressure chamber (51) is communicated with a shaft pressure gas three-way valve (52); the pressurizing ring (50) is arranged in the pressure chamber (51), a sealing ring (30) is arranged on the contact surface between the outer surface and the pressure chamber (51), and when the shaft pressure gas three-way valve (52) is opened, a closed gas pressure chamber (55) is formed between the bottom surface of the pressurizing ring (50) and the inner wall of the pressure chamber (51); the mass sensor (54) is arranged on the bottom plate of the air pressure chamber (55); two inner screw holes are symmetrically formed in the back pressure base (53), two through holes are symmetrically formed in the back pressure ejector rod (46), and two fixing rods (43) penetrate through the two through holes of the back pressure ejector rod (46) and are inserted into the two inner screw holes of the back pressure base (53) and locked by nuts; the pressurization measuring device comprises a displacement sensor (47), a stabilizer bar (48) and an L-shaped measuring bar (49), wherein one end of the stabilizer bar (48) is connected with the displacement sensor (47), and the other end of the stabilizer bar is provided with a through hole; the lower part of the L-shaped measuring rod (49) is connected with the pressurizing ring (50), the outer wall of the upper part is provided with threads, and the L-shaped measuring rod penetrates through a through hole at one end of the stabilizing rod (48) and is locked by a screw cap;
the permeation system consists of a gas cylinder (1), a gas pressure release valve (2), a gas pressure stabilizing machine (3), an injection chamber a (5) and an automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device; the gas cylinder (1), the gas pressure release valve (2), the gas pressure stabilizing machine (3) and the upper half chamber of the injection chamber a (5) are sequentially communicated through a gas pipe, an air regulating valve (4), a numerical pressure gauge (8), a three-way ball valve a (12) and a back pressure switch (13) are sequentially arranged between the gas pressure stabilizing machine (3) and the injection chamber a (5), a back pressure pipe (24) is connected to the three-way ball valve a (12), and the other end of the back pressure pipe (24) is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a (5); the lower half chamber of the injection chamber a (5) is sequentially communicated with a three-way ball valve c (64) and a permeate input channel (39) through a transfusion tube; the gas pressure stabilizer (3) is communicated with the shaft pressure gas three-way valve (52) through a gas pipe, and an air regulating valve (4) and a numerical pressure gauge (8) are arranged between the gas pressure stabilizer and the shaft pressure gas three-way valve; the automatic permeate monitoring and collecting device comprises a permeate collecting device (59), a conical flask (60), a data recorder (61), an anti-corrosion input flowmeter (62), an anti-corrosion output flowmeter (56) and a three-way ball valve d (63), wherein one end of the permeate collecting device (59) is communicated with the conical flask (60), the other end of the permeate collecting device is communicated with a permeate output channel (28) through the three-way ball valve d (63), and a third end of the three-way ball valve d (63) is connected with a three-way ball valve c (64); the pH sensor (58) and the conductivity sensor (57) are arranged in the permeate collecting device (59), the anti-corrosion output flowmeter (56) is arranged between the permeate collecting device (59) and the three-way ball valve d (63), the anti-corrosion input flowmeter (62) is arranged between the three-way ball valve c (64) and the injection chamber a (5), and the data recorder (61) is respectively connected with the displacement sensor (47), the flowmeter (56), the three-way ball valve c (64) and the three-way ball valve d (63) through wires;
the confining pressure system comprises an injection chamber b (6) and an injection chamber c (7), and a temperature-controllable heating belt (9) is arranged outside the injection chamber c (7); the upper half chambers of the injection chamber b (6) and the injection chamber c (7) are communicated with the gas stabilizer (3) through air pipes, and an air regulating valve (4) and a numerical pressure gauge (8) are arranged between the injection chamber b and the injection chamber c; the lower half chamber of the injection chamber b (6) is sequentially communicated with a three-way ball valve b (19), an inflow liquid three-way valve (32) and a lower through channel (11) through a liquid delivery pipe, and the other end of the three-way ball valve b (19) is communicated with the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c (7) through a liquid one-way valve (18); the lower half chamber of the injection chamber c (7) is communicated with the other liquid one-way valve (18), the outflow liquid three-way valve (31) and the upper through passage (10) through a transfusion tube.
2. The flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet cycle according to claim 1, wherein the sliding column (23) and the small coaxial cylinder are provided with sealing rings (30).
3. The flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry and wet cycle according to claim 1, wherein the top of each of the injection chamber a (5), the injection chamber b (6) and the injection chamber c (7) is provided with an exhaust hole (14), the exhaust hole (14) is provided with a plug capable of being closed/opened, and the injection hole (16) is provided with a plug capable of being closed/opened.
4. Flexible wall permeameter under integrated temperature-dry humidity-force control according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating belt (9) is connected with a temperature regulator (40).
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| CN202111030634.8A CN113758850B (en) | 2021-09-02 | 2021-09-02 | Flexible wall permeameter for realizing temperature-stress integrated control under dry-wet circulation |
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| US4627971A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1986-12-09 | Alza Corporation | Osmotic device with self-sealing passageway |
| CN110160929A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 同济大学 | Realize the flexible wall permeameter and application method that two kinds of solution continuously permeate |
| CN110160928A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 同济大学 | Realize the multi-joint flexible wall permeameter and application method that two kinds of solution continuously permeate |
| CN112858139A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-05-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Multi-connected flexible wall permeameter injected with infinite volume under graded confining pressure and test method |
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2021
- 2021-09-02 CN CN202111030634.8A patent/CN113758850B/en active Active
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| US4627971A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1986-12-09 | Alza Corporation | Osmotic device with self-sealing passageway |
| CN110160929A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 同济大学 | Realize the flexible wall permeameter and application method that two kinds of solution continuously permeate |
| CN110160928A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 同济大学 | Realize the multi-joint flexible wall permeameter and application method that two kinds of solution continuously permeate |
| CN112858139A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-05-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Multi-connected flexible wall permeameter injected with infinite volume under graded confining pressure and test method |
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