CN101261262A - Soil eluviation in situ detection method - Google Patents
Soil eluviation in situ detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101261262A CN101261262A CNA2008101026751A CN200810102675A CN101261262A CN 101261262 A CN101261262 A CN 101261262A CN A2008101026751 A CNA2008101026751 A CN A2008101026751A CN 200810102675 A CN200810102675 A CN 200810102675A CN 101261262 A CN101261262 A CN 101261262A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil leaching liquor in-situ measurement method, which belongs to the research field of environmental science, soil science and plant nutrition. The soil leaching liquor in-situ measurement method of the invention includes the following steps: a soil profile in the vertical direction is obtained and a horizontal cave is dug based on the target depth of the soil profile; a horizontal leaching plate is arranged in the cave to collect the leaching liquor, and the leaching liquor in the leaching plate can automatically flow into a sample bottle through an outlet pipe; soil of the soil layer with a corresponding depth is used for filling the cave; according to the steps, a vertical waterproof wall body is built along the vertical soil profile to ensure that the outlet pipe can pass through the wall body; meanwhile, the soil is backfilled layer by layer and then compacted layer by layer, and moreover, in order to recover the raw condition of the backfilled soil as possible, the backfilled soil is irrigated for a plurality of times. The soil leaching liquor in-situ measurement method of the invention is especially suitable for monitoring the influence caused by the soil leaching liquor of such soil solute as nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticide, etc. to the groundwater; particularly, under the condition of realizing the in situ monitoring, the sampling difficulty is reduced and the sampling process becomes simple and fast.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil eluviation in situ detection method, belong to environmental science, pedology and Plant Nutrition research field.The leaching that this method is specially adapted to monitor soil solutes such as nitrogen, phosphorus, agricultural chemicals particularly under the condition that realizes in-situ monitoring, has reduced the difficulty of sampling to phreatic influence, makes the sampling process simple and fast.
Background technology
The nitrogen leaching loss agricultural problem still unimportant in the soil to phreatic pollution, and be the major issue that threatens human health and existence.There are some researches show that the fertilizer during the whole world is manured into soil has 30%～50% to enter underground water (Bi Jingwei, Zhang Jiabao through the soil leaching loss approximately, Chen Xiaomin, etc.: " modeling effort of holard seepage and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss in the agricultural land soil ", " irrigation and drainage journal ", 2003,22[6]).It is generally acknowledged in the past that the phosphorus leaching loss amount in the soil was few, mainly loss approach is the rainwash and the soil erosion.But in recent years, many scholars report out agricultural land soil phosphorus element with the amount of leaching form loss with the amount of rainwash and the loss of soil erosion form quite or bigger (Lv Jialong, Fortune S, BrookesPC: " soil phophorus leaching situation and Olsen phosphorus ' catastrophe point ' research thereof ", " agricultural environment science journal ", 2003,22[2]).According to the estimation of uniting food and agricultural organization, in the phosphorus loss amount of TAI HU AREA farmland, leakage accounts for 31%.Therefore, as the crucial nutrient factor of eutrophication, the leaching loss problem of P elements is more and more paid close attention to.The residues of pesticides problem has become a worldwide problem.Agricultural chemicals not only remains in the topsoil, also can leaching in underground water.Even a very little part (institute's applying pesticides) leaching fat underground water, all may constitute a threat to phreatic safety (Tang Hao, Li Zhenhong: " underground waters agricultural chemicals being transformed the evaluation of quantivative approach ", " world's agricultural chemicals ", 2002,24[5]).In order to protect water resource and aquatic ecosystem, new approaches and methods is all being sought in countries in the world, with monitoring, improvement and solution environmental problem.Research method to nitrogen, phosphorus migration rule in the soil mainly contains indoor soil-column simulation, percolating filter method, field earth pillar method, potter's clay suction agar diffusion method and the channel process of catchmenting at present.There are the following problems for existing method:
(1) easy and simple to handle, the quick and control easily of indoor soil-column simulation, but can not reproduce actual field environment exactly.
(2) the percolating filter method has overcome the shortcoming of indoor soil-column simulation, but needs the huge trench of excavation to carry out sample collecting, and is great in constructing amount, the cost height.
Need the outside to apply certain negative pressure when (3) earth pillar method in field is sampled, the moisture in the soil could be sucked cylindrical bottom space, suction sampling bottle then.Its major defect is that external pressure has changed holard flow field, can't accurately calculate actual leaching liquor flux in field and the actual solute transport process of soil.
(4) subject matter of potter's clay suction agar diffusion method is the cost height, can only gather certain any soil liquid during sampling, need insert many collectors if understand the solution situation of whole soil profile, causes cost significantly to increase.
(5) channel process of catchmenting has overcome the shortcoming of potter's clay suction agar diffusion method, but need excavate the tank top soil body when water leg is installed, and has destroyed the soil water movement state under the state of nature.
Therefore, under the situation of the standard method of also not establishing the soil eluviation monitoring at present both at home and abroad, studying a kind of accurate, easy, economic relatively soil eluviation in situ detection method will have vast potential for future development in the soil eluviation research field.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that exists in the above-mentioned prior art, a kind of gravity flow field soil eluviation in situ detection method that can accurately calculate soil eluviation liquid flux is provided.
Soil eluviation in situ detection method of the present invention comprises following steps:
A) at soil surface excavation groove, obtain the soil profile of vertical direction, the soil that digs out is stacked by its degree of depth layering, so that the energy back-filling in layers;
B) cave of excavation horizontal direction on the target depth on the above-mentioned soil profile, the upper surface in this cave is smooth, and the cave volume is slightly larger than following leaching dish;
C) the leaching dish is set and is used to collect leaching liquor; Sampling bottle is set to deposit the leaching liquor that the leaching dish is collected, sampling bottle is arranged in the spacious zone of the described groove of step a); Connect by rising pipe between leaching dish and the sampling bottle; Leaching liquor in the leaching dish can flow into sampling bottle automatically;
D) in the leaching dish, put into mud, can cover filter layer of cloth successively, quartz sand layer and filter layer of cloth at the leaching face of trying to get to the heart of a matter before this with the soil modulation of the soil layer of step b) described target depth; Then the leaching dish is inserted described cave, the upper surface in described mud and described cave closely contacts;
E) the described cave of soil packing of the soil layer of use respective depth; And can ooze Polypropylence Sheet with anti-side at place, described cave and be laid on the hole vertically, and seal with the soil of the soil layer of target depth, make rising pipe pass this Polypropylence Sheet.
F) build the waterproof body of wall of vertical direction along the soil profile of the described vertical direction of step a), make rising pipe pass body of wall; The soil that is excavated between while back-filling in layers body of wall and the leaching dish, compacting successively, and repeatedly irrigate the soil reinstatement as far as possible that makes backfill.
Further,, can on the soil profile of above-mentioned vertical direction, excavate the cave of a plurality of described horizontal directions, independent leaching dish all is set, rising pipe and sampling bottle in each cave in order to improve detection efficiency; The upper surface in these caves can be on the same surface level, with the leaching situation of the same depth of soil of parallel detection; Also can be on the different surface levels, to detect the leaching situation of different depth soil layer simultaneously.
Further, the groove of step a) excavation can be the rectangular structure of rule, thereby obtains the soil profile of four vertical directions, the cave that all can excavate horizontal direction on each soil profile, independent leaching dish, rising pipe and sampling bottle all are set in each cave.Equally, the upper surface in these caves can be on the same surface level, with the leaching situation of the same degree of depth soil layer of parallel detection different directions; Also can be on the different surface levels, to detect the leaching situation of different directions different depth soil layer simultaneously.
Compare with prior art, the inventive method can guarantee to monitor the original-state soil leaching situation under the state of nature.Its principal feature can be summarized as: accuracy, visuality and convenience.At first, can guarantee to be the leaching situation that the original-state soil under state of nature carries out that very little to soil disturbance basically, data are the preferential selections of carrying out long-term position monitor more accurately and reliably; Secondly, be convenient to how much take a sample, the time of taking a sample had than being easier to determine, can control more intuitively the irrigation quantity of soil according to the water yield in the pipe; Once more, be under the prerequisite that guarantees data reliability, sampling process is simple, quick.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device synoptic diagram of the inventive method embodiment;
Wherein,
1-leaching dish; The 2-rising pipe; The 3-sampling bottle; The 4-anti-permeating plastics cloth;
The 5-body of wall; The 6-step; 7-waterproof lid
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Present embodiment is gathered the soil eluviation liquid at below ground 90cm place.
As shown in Figure 1, the employed device of present embodiment mainly is made up of leaching dish, rising pipe and sampling bottle, wherein:
The leaching dish is the rectangular parallelepiped of a rule, and useful volume is in the dish: 40cm * 50cm * 5cm (wide * dish height of grow * trying to get to the heart of a matter of trying to get to the heart of a matter), and dish wall PVC thickness of slab 6mm, PVC thickness of slab 10mm tries to get to the heart of a matter;
Leaching dish water delivering orifice is positioned at the centre position on the long limit of trying to get to the heart of a matter, and the water delivering orifice diameter is 12mm; Water delivering orifice has internal thread, is used for connecting the PVC screw socket water nozzle of " L " shape or " one " shape, and its two ends all have screw socket; PVC screw socket water nozzle screw socket external diameter 12mm, its double-deck retainer nut internal diameter 12mm; The supporting retainer nut of other end connecting band of this screw socket water nozzle; Rising pipe links to each other with the leaching dish by this retainer nut, and the external diameter of rising pipe and retainer nut internal diameter are supporting, can guarantee behind the fastening nut that rising pipe is connected closely with the leaching dish, rising pipe external diameter 12mm, internal diameter 10mm.
Sampling bottle links to each other with the leaching dish by rising pipe.The sampling bottle volume is an irreducible minimum with the maximum of local single leaching liquor.Leaching dish water delivering orifice is higher than the sampling bottle water inlet, between height be not less than 10cm.
Each interface is all used PVC glue or other marine glue sealing and fixing, in case leak, leak gas.
The key step of present embodiment is:
(1) select the centre position of two sub-districts of field experiment, the level that marks the soil profile that is used to install the leaching dish on the face of land is taken up an area of scope, and the excavation groove.Excavate the soil profile of long 150cm, a wide 100m, dark 120m, vertically so-called to obtain the soil profile of two vertical directions, refer to this section as far as possible perpendicular to surface level.Will guarantee in mining process that soil profile does not neatly cave in, the soil that digs out is stacked by its degree of depth layering (such as 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm etc.), so that can back-filling in layers.
(2) on soil profile, (guarantee that leaching dish upper surface is in subsurface 90cm depths) and dig dark 55cm towards the horizontal direction of monitored soil apart from 95cm depths, the face of land near monitoring sub-district one side, wide 55cm, rectangular parallelepiped hole about high 5.5cm, and guarantee that as far as possible the upper surface in hole is smooth.
(3) leaching dish water delivering orifice is connected with rising pipe closely, try to get to the heart of a matter at leaching then and cover two-layer 100 order nylon gauzes, and with nylon gauze with silica gel or other marine glues fixing a little after, in dish, fill the coarse sand of cleaning with clear water again, dress coarse sand amount is advisable with distance leaching dish dish mouth 2～3mm, cover one deck 100 order nylon gauzes at last on the coarse sand top layer, and the thick mud of modulating with the soil of taking from the 90cm depths is layered on the gauze, the PVC dish is put into the hole of digging, level side, and its outer side edges is about 15-20cm apart from the hole.Mud is closely contacted as far as possible, with simulation native soil matric potential, at last with the hole backfill compacting with the last plane in hole.
(4) at horizontal hole with the thick thick mud hole of obturaging, ooze Polypropylence Sheet with anti-side and be laid on the hole vertically, the rising pipe that only will be connected in the leaching dish exposes, the rising pipe other end is reserved.
(5) build the waterproof cement body of wall, make rising pipe pass body of wall.Back-filling in layers soil, compacting successively, and repeatedly irrigation restores to the original state soil as far as possible.
(6) between two bodies of wall, build by laying step, be convenient to manually-operated.
(7) sampling bottle is linked to each other with rising pipe.
(8) a waterproof lid is covered in the top, chamber that two bodies of wall is formed, and prevents from owing to precipitation it to be poured water.
Claims (8)
1. a soil eluviation in situ detection method is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
A) at soil surface excavation groove, obtain the soil profile of vertical direction, the soil that digs out is stacked by its degree of depth layering;
B) cave of excavation horizontal direction on the target depth on the above-mentioned soil profile, the upper surface in this cave is smooth, and the cave volume is slightly larger than following leaching dish;
C) the leaching dish is set and is used to collect leaching liquor; Sampling bottle is set to deposit the leaching liquor that the leaching dish is collected, sampling bottle is arranged in the spacious zone of the described groove of step a); Connect by rising pipe between leaching dish and the sampling bottle; Leaching liquor in the leaching dish can flow into sampling bottle automatically;
D) put into mud with the soil modulation of the soil layer of step b) described target depth in the leaching dish, and the leaching dish is inserted described cave, the upper surface in described mud and described cave closely contacts;
E) the described cave of soil packing of the soil layer of use respective depth;
F) build the waterproof body of wall of vertical direction along the soil profile of the described vertical direction of step a), make rising pipe pass body of wall; The soil that is excavated between while back-filling in layers body of wall and the leaching dish, compacting successively, and repeatedly irrigate the soil reinstatement as far as possible that makes backfill.
2. soil eluviation in situ detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step d) is described also to be comprised put into mud with the soil modulation of the soil layer of the described target depth of step b) in the leaching dish before: cover filter layer of cloth in proper order, quartz sand layer and filter layer of cloth at the leaching face of trying to get to the heart of a matter.
3. soil eluviation in situ detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises between step e) and the step f):
Step g): ooze Polypropylence Sheet at place, described cave with anti-side and be laid on the hole vertically, and seal, make rising pipe pass this Polypropylence Sheet with the soil of the soil layer of target depth.
4. soil eluviation in situ detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the cave of a plurality of described horizontal directions of excavation all is provided with independent leaching dish, rising pipe and sampling bottle in each cave on the soil profile of described vertical direction.
5. soil eluviation in situ detection method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the upper surface in the cave of described a plurality of horizontal directions is all on same surface level.
6. soil eluviation in situ detection method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described groove of step a) is the rectangular structure of rule, thereby obtain the soil profile of four described vertical directions, on each soil profile, all excavate the cave of described horizontal direction, independent leaching dish, rising pipe and sampling bottle all are set in each cave.
7. soil eluviation in situ detection method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the upper surface in the cave of described a plurality of horizontal directions is all on same surface level.
8. soil eluviation in situ detection method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that the upper surface in the cave of described a plurality of horizontal directions is positioned on the different surface levels.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101026751A CN101261262B (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2008-03-25 | Soil eluviation in situ detection method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2008101026751A CN101261262B (en) | 2008-03-25 | 2008-03-25 | Soil eluviation in situ detection method |
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| CN101261262A true CN101261262A (en) | 2008-09-10 |
| CN101261262B CN101261262B (en) | 2011-08-24 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101949783A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-01-19 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Farmland in-situ soil leaching solution collector and using method thereof |
| CN105974090A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-28 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Device and method for monitoring underground leaching amount of farmland non-point source pollution |
| CN112037867A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-04 | 大连理工大学 | Prediction method for pesticide leaching index in corn straw returning soil |
| CN113655199A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-16 | 长江大学 | Soil leaching in-situ monitoring test device and method capable of sampling in layers |
| CN114518251A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-20 | 河北舜宏建筑装饰工程有限公司 | Highway engineering detects with sample device that fetches earth |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5035149A (en) * | 1989-12-29 | 1991-07-30 | Wierenga Peter J | Soil solution sampler |
| CN1884996A (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2006-12-27 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | In-situ continuous collecting apparatus for soil solution |
-
2008
- 2008-03-25 CN CN2008101026751A patent/CN101261262B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101949783A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-01-19 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Farmland in-situ soil leaching solution collector and using method thereof |
| CN105974090A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-28 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Device and method for monitoring underground leaching amount of farmland non-point source pollution |
| CN112037867A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-04 | 大连理工大学 | Prediction method for pesticide leaching index in corn straw returning soil |
| CN113655199A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-16 | 长江大学 | Soil leaching in-situ monitoring test device and method capable of sampling in layers |
| CN113655199B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-12-05 | 长江大学 | Soil leaching in-situ monitoring test device and method capable of achieving layered sampling |
| CN114518251A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-20 | 河北舜宏建筑装饰工程有限公司 | Highway engineering detects with sample device that fetches earth |
| CN114518251B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-01 | 河北舜宏建筑装饰工程有限公司 | Highway engineering detects with sample device that fetches earth |
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| CN101261262B (en) | 2011-08-24 |
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