CN101915684B - Simple runoff collecting device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Simple runoff collecting device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101915684B CN101915684B CN2010102513901A CN201010251390A CN101915684B CN 101915684 B CN101915684 B CN 101915684B CN 2010102513901 A CN2010102513901 A CN 2010102513901A CN 201010251390 A CN201010251390 A CN 201010251390A CN 101915684 B CN101915684 B CN 101915684B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple runoff collecting device and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil monitoring. The device comprises a runoff collector, a water outlet tube, a guiding tube and a runoff collecting nozzle. When the device is used, a pit in the size same as the runoff collector is dug in a field, the collecting device is put into the pit, the runoff collecting nozzle is slightly lower than the lowest place of the field, and the dug soil is backfilled and tamped layer by layer; and water is poured repeatedly to make the soil around the runoff collector basically restored and cling to the runoff collector without gaps, and only the water outlet tube and the runoff collecting nozzle are exposed out of the ground. The device has the advantages of simple appearance design, low cost, simple and practicable installation and embedment, small engineering quantity, exposure of only the water outlet tube and the runoff collecting nozzle out of the ground after the installation, little occupation of farmland and no influence on normal farmland operation. The simple runoff collecting device is particularly suitable for monitoring and measuring the influence of the runoff loss of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like together with the rainwater on surface water eutrophication, and has the advantages of low cost and accurate sampling result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simple runoff collecting device and using method thereof, belong to soil monitoring technology and agriculture environmental protection field.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer has very important contribution to the production of world food.According to FAO's statistics, developing country's fertilising can make the cereal crops per unit area yield improve 35%～57%, and gross output improves 30%～50%.At present, the most of arable land of China all need be replenished nitrogen, and ploughing more than 1/2 needs to replenish phosphate fertilizer, and ploughing more than 1/3～1/4 needs to replenish potash fertilizer.Although chemical fertilizer has been obtained great achievement aspect increases in grain production, also brought simultaneously a series of environmental problem, wherein the nutrient loss that brings of the rainwash in farmland is the one of the main reasons that causes the farmland ecological environment problem.
The nutrients quality that rainwash carries depends on rainwash flow through soil types, rainfall intensity and rainfall amount, geology, landform, surface vegetation, fertilizer type and amount of application and the multiple factor such as behavior adjustment management measure in zone.Crop required three big key elements can enter rivers by the soil erosion, and this is the main path of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium polluted-water in China.According to nineteen ninety U.S.'s investigation, 57% lake is subjected to having a strong impact on of farmland nutrient loss.The annual loss soil of China reaches 5,000,000,000 t, and nutrients such as the nitrogen of taking away, phosphorus, potassium and trace element are equivalent to the chemical fertilizer in 1 year in the whole nation approximately and use total amount.In China, in recent years, because rural laborer's minimizing, cause applying quantity of chemical fertilizer to increase, the fertilizer input reduces, thereby causes deterioration, the soil block of soil physical property to harden and soil permeability reduces, rainwash strengthens, a large amount of nutrient flow husband, causes body eutrophication.
Agricultural land soil N, P are one of main path of farmland N, P nutrient loss with face of land runoff to the water body migration, also are the main causes that causes agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Studies show that in a large number the output of agricultural land soil rainwash N, P not only causes waste economically, and be the first threat that constitutes the surface water body eutrophication.Start from the seventies in 20th century for farmland storm runoff nitrogen and phosphorus loss research abroad, early stage research concentrates on the number of dropouts of agricultural run-off nitrogen phosphorus and to the influence of water body.China comprises that the agricultural compound of nitrogen is at the early-stage with the research of the loss of surface runoff, the loss of surface runoff research about the farmland nitrogen focuses mostly in southern paddy field, along with going deep into that nitrogen phosphorus rainwash is studied, northern farmland is also more and more about the research of nitrogen phosphorus the loss of surface runoff now.The runoff collecting pit is a requisite device in the research of farmland.At present common generally all is brick mix structure, need carry out bigger engineering construction in the farmland, not only costly, and also is a kind of destruction for the farmland soil body, is difficult to recover the original state in farmland.If can invent a kind of easy runoff collecting device, not only with low cost, little for the destruction in farmland, be easy to recover, and can reach the purpose of collecting the footpath flow liquid, we can say and achieve many things at one stroke.Do not find at present the invention of similar runoff collecting device as yet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the some shortcomings that exist in the above-mentioned prior art, thereby provide a kind of simple runoff collecting device and using method thereof, a kind ofly can accurately calculate the long-pending simple runoff collecting device of soil runoff liquid by installing, make that the monitoring of soil footpath flow liquid has that cost is low, characteristics such as manufacturing and enforcement easy for installation, easy, reliable results.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of simple runoff collecting device, form by fluid collection device, rising pipe, catheter and footpath flow liquid collection mouth, it is characterized in that fluid collection device is the water-tight vessel of round barrel shape, form by bung and cylinder body, the cylinder body upper end is the torticollis of interior receipts, have silking on the cylinder body outside suitable for reading and the inboard, bung outer, bung can be tightened on the cylinder body it is sealed; The fluid collection device bung is provided with effluent pipe mouth, and rising pipe passes effluent pipe mouth and is fixed on the bung by fixator; The rising pipe pipe cap that is stamped suitable for reading; Have catheter on the torticollis of cylinder body, fixed, it is connected with the cylinder body of fluid collection device by fixator; Another termination runoff liquid collection mouth of catheter is covered with one deck nylon wire on the flow liquid collection mouth of footpath.
The bung and the cylinder body of described fluid collection device are made by rigid plastic, and the cylinder body volume is at 50-100L.
Described rising pipe is opaque hard PVC pipe.
Described catheter is the withstand voltage corrosion resistant plastic tube of hard, and diameter is 50-75mm.
Described footpath flow liquid collection mouth is a seedpod of the lotus showerhead, is made by rigid plastic, and the top diameter of seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle is 75-100mm, is distributed with pore above it; Seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle lower, neck end lateral bending, recess diameter is 50-70mm, can directly insert in the catheter.
A kind of using method of above-mentioned gathering-device, step is as follows:
(1) place of selection physical features indentation in the field piece that will install, digging a diameter is 1m, is the hole of 90-100cm deeply, the soil of excavating wants layering to stack, and can press original soil structures backfill with convenient;
(2) bung is tightened on the cylinder body, makes rising pipe insert in the cylinder body, with PVC fluid sealant sealing bung and cylinder body junction and bung and rising pipe junction;
(3) catheter is inserted 2-3cm is fixed by fixator in the cylinder body, with the PVC fluid sealant place that is tightly connected;
(4) footpath flow liquid collection mouth lower, neck end is inserted in the upper end open of catheter, keep horizontality above the seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of feasible footpath flow liquid collection mouth, then with the PVC fluid sealant place that is tightly connected, on the flow liquid collection mouth seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of footpath, cover the nylon wire of one deck aperture, fasten with Telescopic Fixed device at 2-3mm;
(5) treat that the PVC fluid sealant solidifies after, whole gathering-device is put into the hole, with above the seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of footpath flow liquid collection mouth a little less than ground 1-2cm, rising pipe 15-20cm above ground level suitable for reading is advisable, and pipe cap is covered on rising pipe is suitable for reading;
(6) reclaimed soil successively in the hole, successively tamp and pour water, soil in the hole is restored to the original state substantially, and runoff collecting device can be collected the footpath flow liquid in the rainy season or the back of pouring water like this, with water pump or water pumper the footpath flow liquid in the fluid collection device is extracted out then and is carried out test analysis.
PVC fluid sealant used in the present invention is commercially available U-PVC bonding agent.
The advantage of simple runoff collecting device of the present invention:
(1) apparatus of the present invention are very simple and easy, and material requested is common, and are with low cost.
(2) design of apparatus of the present invention and simple in structure, it is little to install and bury underground the process engineering amount, easy operating.
(3) after apparatus of the present invention installation, only have footpath flow liquid collection mouth and rising pipe to basset, floor area is less, does not influence conventional farming.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representations; Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention rising pipe place connection diagram; Fig. 3 is the connection diagram at apparatus of the present invention catheter and runoff collection mouth place.
Wherein: 1, cylinder body; 2, rising pipe; 3, catheter; 4, pipe cap; 5, footpath flow liquid collection mouth; 6, bung; 7, silking; 8, fixator; 9, nylon wire, 10, fixator, 11, torticollis.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
The embodiment of the invention 1 is made up of fluid collection device, rising pipe 2, catheter 3 and footpath flow liquid collection mouth 5 shown in accompanying drawing 1-3.It is characterized in that fluid collection device is the water-tight vessel of round barrel shape, form by bung 6 and cylinder body 1, cylinder body 1 upper end is the torticollis 11 of interior receipts, has silking 7 on cylinder body 1 outside suitable for reading and the inboard, bung 6 outer, and bung 6 can be tightened on the cylinder body 1 it is sealed; Fluid collection device bung 6 is provided with effluent pipe mouth, and rising pipe 2 passes effluent pipe mouth and is fixed on the bung 6 by fixator 8; Rising pipe 2 pipe caps 4 that are stamped suitable for reading; Have catheter 3 on the torticollis 11 of cylinder body 1, fixed, it is connected with the cylinder body 1 of fluid collection device by fixator 10; Another termination runoff liquid collection mouth 5 of catheter 3 is covered with one deck nylon wire 9 on the footpath flow liquid collection mouth 5.
The bung 6 of described fluid collection device and cylinder body 1 are made by rigid plastic, and cylinder body 1 volume is 75L.
Described rising pipe 2 is opaque hard PVC pipe.
Described catheter 3 is the withstand voltage corrosion resistant plastic tube of hard, and diameter is 58mm.
Described footpath flow liquid collection mouth 5 is a seedpod of the lotus showerhead, is made by rigid plastic, and the top diameter of seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle is 75mm, is distributed with pore above it; Seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle lower, neck end lateral bending, recess diameter is 50mm, can directly insert in the catheter.
Embodiment 2:
Identical with embodiment 1, just the volume of cylinder body 1 is 100L; The diameter of catheter 3 is 80mm; Diameter is 100mm above the seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of footpath flow liquid collection mouth 5, seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle lower, neck end lateral bending, and recess diameter is 70mm, can directly insert in the catheter.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of using method of above-mentioned gathering-device, step is as follows:
(1) place of selection physical features indentation in the field piece that will install, digging a diameter is 1m, is the hole of 90cm deeply, the soil of excavating wants layering to stack, and can press original soil structures backfill with convenient;
(2) bung 6 is tightened on the cylinder body 1, makes rising pipe 2 insert in the cylinder body 1, with PVC fluid sealant sealing bung 6 and cylinder body 1 junction and bung 6 and rising pipe 2 junctions;
(3) catheter 3 is inserted 2cm is fixed by fixator 10 in the cylinder bodies 1, with the PVC fluid sealant place that is tightly connected;
(4) footpath flow liquid collection mouth 5 lower, neck end are inserted in the upper end open of catheter 3, keep horizontality above the seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of feasible footpath flow liquid collection mouth 5, then with the PVC fluid sealant place that is tightly connected, on the flow liquid collection mouth seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of footpath, cover the nylon wire of one deck aperture, fasten with Telescopic Fixed device at 2mm;
(5) treat that the PVC fluid sealant solidifies after, whole gathering-device is put into the hole, with above the seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of footpath flow liquid collection mouth 5 a little less than ground 1cm, rising pipe 2 15cm above ground level suitable for reading are advisable, and pipe cap 4 is covered on rising pipe 2 is suitable for reading;
(6) reclaimed soil successively in the hole, successively tamp and pour water, soil in the hole is restored to the original state substantially, and runoff collecting device can be collected the footpath flow liquid in the rainy season or the back of pouring water like this, with water pump or water pumper the footpath flow liquid in the fluid collection device is extracted out then and is carried out test analysis.
The employed Telescopic Fixed device of present embodiment is a bungee.
Embodiment 4:
Identical with embodiment 3, just the hole in the step (1) is 100cm deeply; 3cm fixes in the catheter insertion cylinder body in the step (3); On the flow liquid collection mouth seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of footpath, cover the nylon wire that one deck aperture is 3mm in the step (4); Be lower than ground 2cm above the seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of the footpath flow liquid collection mouth in the step (5), rising pipe 20cm above ground level suitable for reading.
Claims (6)
1. simple runoff collecting device, form by fluid collection device, rising pipe, catheter and footpath flow liquid collection mouth, it is characterized in that fluid collection device is the water-tight vessel of round barrel shape, form by bung and cylinder body, the cylinder body upper end is the torticollis of interior receipts, have silking on the cylinder body outside suitable for reading and the inboard, bung outer, bung can be tightened on the cylinder body it is sealed; The fluid collection device bung is provided with effluent pipe mouth, and rising pipe passes effluent pipe mouth and is fixed on the bung by fixator; The rising pipe pipe cap that is stamped suitable for reading; Have catheter on the torticollis of cylinder body, fixed, it is connected with the cylinder body of fluid collection device by fixator; Another termination runoff liquid collection mouth of catheter is covered with one deck nylon wire on the flow liquid collection mouth of footpath.
2. a kind of simple runoff collecting device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the bung of described fluid collection device and cylinder body made by rigid plastic, and the cylinder body volume is at 50-100L.
3. a kind of simple runoff collecting device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described rising pipe is opaque hard PVC pipe.
4. a kind of simple runoff collecting device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described catheter is the withstand voltage corrosion resistant plastic tube of hard, and diameter is 50-75mm.
5. a kind of simple runoff collecting device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described footpath flow liquid collection mouth is a seedpod of the lotus showerhead, is made by rigid plastic, and the top diameter of seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle is 75-100mm, is distributed with pore above it; Seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle lower, neck end lateral bending, recess diameter is 50-70mm, can directly insert in the catheter.
6. the using method of a gathering-device as claimed in claim 1, step is as follows:
(1) place of selection physical features indentation in the field piece that will install, digging a diameter is 1m, is the hole of 90-100cm deeply, the soil of excavating wants layering to stack, and can press original soil structures backfill with convenient;
(2) bung is tightened on the cylinder body, makes rising pipe insert in the cylinder body, with PVC fluid sealant sealing bung and cylinder body junction and bung and rising pipe junction;
(3) catheter is inserted 2-3cm is fixed by fixator in the cylinder body, with the PVC fluid sealant place that is tightly connected;
(4) footpath flow liquid collection mouth lower, neck end is inserted in the upper end open of catheter, keep horizontality above the seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of feasible footpath flow liquid collection mouth, then with the PVC fluid sealant place that is tightly connected, on the flow liquid collection mouth seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle of footpath, cover the nylon wire of one deck aperture, fasten with Telescopic Fixed device at 2-3mm;
(5) treat that the PVC fluid sealant solidifies after, whole gathering-device is put into the hole, be lower than ground 1-2cm above the seedpod of the lotus shower nozzle with footpath flow liquid collection mouth, rising pipe 15-20cm above ground level suitable for reading covers pipe cap on rising pipe is suitable for reading;
(6) reclaimed soil successively in the hole, successively tamp and pour water, soil in the hole is restored to the original state substantially, and runoff collecting device can be collected the footpath flow liquid in the rainy season or the back of pouring water like this, with water pump or water pumper the footpath flow liquid in the fluid collection device is extracted out then and is carried out test analysis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102513901A CN101915684B (en) | 2010-08-12 | 2010-08-12 | Simple runoff collecting device and using method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102513901A CN101915684B (en) | 2010-08-12 | 2010-08-12 | Simple runoff collecting device and using method thereof |
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| CN101915684B true CN101915684B (en) | 2011-12-14 |
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| CN102213711B (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2013-07-31 | 北京师范大学 | Experimental device for optimizing plant retention system structure based on comprehensive water quality and quantity control |
| CN102661768A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-12 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Wetland leakage measuring device |
| CN105136524B (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-01-05 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device |
| CN106645636B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2019-09-17 | 东北农业大学 | It is a kind of for monitoring the device and test method of agricultural surface runoff |
| LU100486B1 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-25 | Luxembourg Inst Science & Tech List | Automatic water sampler apparatus |
| CN108132628A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-08 | 广东机电职业技术学院 | A kind of farmland integrated environment detection device and farmland integrated environment monitoring system |
| CN109917103B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-09-07 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | In-situ soil column irrigation leaching test and solute migration quantitative description method |
| CN111624053A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-04 | 安徽理工大学 | Automatic surface runoff sampler catchments |
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| CN101241120A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-08-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Agricultural land underground eluviation and surface runoff in situ monitoring integration device |
| CN201336103Y (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2009-10-28 | 河南理工大学 | Laboratory-simulated rainfall system for storm runoff pollution source |
| CN201828434U (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-05-11 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Simple runoff liquid collecting device |
-
2010
- 2010-08-12 CN CN2010102513901A patent/CN101915684B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5009112A (en) * | 1989-05-05 | 1991-04-23 | Pharmacology & Toxicology Research Lab. | Method and apparatus for conducting field dissipation and leaching studies |
| US5594185A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-01-14 | Analytical Bio Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. | Self-contained, modular lysimeter and method of using the same |
| CN101000335A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2007-07-18 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Automatic surveying and sampling device for runoff water flow of farmland or hillside fields |
| CN101241120A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-08-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Agricultural land underground eluviation and surface runoff in situ monitoring integration device |
| CN201336103Y (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2009-10-28 | 河南理工大学 | Laboratory-simulated rainfall system for storm runoff pollution source |
| CN201828434U (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-05-11 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Simple runoff liquid collecting device |
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