CN100468014C

CN100468014C - Precipitation runoff measuring device and method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN100468014C
Application number: CNB2007100673938A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 奕永庆
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-02-17
Filing date: 2007-02-17
Publication date: 2009-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 2027-02-17
Also published as: CN101021433A

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method to measure precipitation runoff in farm field water conservancy. The runoff well and seepage well are connected by runoff-seepage communicating pipe. A water counter is set on water-yielding port of communicating pipe. Runoff bucket is at the bottom of well. There is a micro-water pump in well. Water counter connects radio-transmitting set. The method is suitable for measurement of seepage discharge, crop requirement and water quality. Surface runoff observation is divided to runoff Q track, moisture-holding Q soil and seepage water Q seepage, that is: Q fall=Q track + Q soil + Q seepage. The formula of water capacity is: Q soil=Q fall - Q track - Q seepage. According to duty Q fill and moisture variety DeltaQ soil, crop water requirement (water consumption Q crop in a period) is achieved: Q crop= Q fall+ Q fill- Q track- Q seepage+ DeltaQ soil. The invention resolves the problem of large error and high cost by using runoff field to measure.

Description

Precipitation runoff measuring device

Technical field

The present invention relates to belong to the irrigation and water conservancy field, be used to measure rainfall, the surface runoff water yield that produced of snowing and a kind of device of the seepage flow water yield.

Technical background

At present, measure the runoff water yield and the seepage flow water yield, be still traditional method and adopt " runoff field " to measure, its floor area is big, cost is high, and measuring error is difficult to control.Chinese patent application numbers 200510200178.1, publication number CN1673712 has disclosed " moving analog rainfall apparatus ".It is a kind of rainer of simulation, and advantage is to be convenient to move the field test of carrying out different gradient, and weak point is to measure accurately owes high, lacks the means of automatic observation of data and remote remote measurement.

Summary of the invention

For overcoming the problem of above-mentioned existence, purpose is to provide a kind of precipitation runoff measuring device to this area, makes it can solve traditional employing " runoff field " and measures, and floor area is big, cost is high, error is difficult to control, and can not carry out the problem of automatic observation of data and remote remote measurement.The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions.

A kind of precipitation runoff measuring device, this device comprises surveys tube, runoff well, influent well, survey tube, runoff well, influent well place the grass planting brick of protective fence, and survey tube, runoff well, influent well major part are embedded in the soil, survey undisturbed soil in the tube, plant turf or test short stalk crop, survey tube and open wide, it is suitable for reading to survey tube, outwards is 45, the raindrop that drop on the mouth " are rived ", make metering accurately; Runoff well, influent well are stamped well lid; Technical essential is to be provided with between runoff well and the influent well unlimited survey tube, accept rainfall or snow, the runoff cross over pipe of runoff well, the seepage flow cross over pipe of influent well are connected with the survey tube respectively, and its junction is sealed by fluid sealant, have concurrently to connect and the antiseepage dual-use function.The import of runoff cross over pipe is provided with screen pack, with copper screen cloth in case earth bring into.The water delivering orifice of runoff cross over pipe is provided with water yield counter, and water yield counter places the top of runoff bucket, and the runoff bucket places the shaft bottom of runoff well, in the runoff bucket micro pump is set.Water yield counter connects with radio transmitter, the water yield counter records runoff and the seepage flow water yield.Micro pump connects with the water outlet hidden pipe, and the water in the runoff bucket is discharged through the water outlet hidden pipe by micro pump.The seepage flow cross over pipe places the top of seepage flow bucket, the water delivering orifice of seepage flow cross over pipe also is provided with water yield counter, water yield counter places the top of seepage flow bucket, the seepage flow bucket places the shaft bottom of influent well, also be provided with micro pump in the seepage flow bucket, micro pump connects with the water outlet hidden pipe, and the water in the seepage flow bucket is discharged through the water outlet hidden pipe by micro pump.

The measurement of precipitation runoff adopts rainwash to measure, be used for simultaneously underground percolation measurement amount, and the water demand of crop is measured, water quality detection; Atmospheric precipitation amount Q _FallBe divided into runoff water Q _Directly, soil water retention Q _SoilWith wandering water Q _OozeThree parts, that is: Q _Fall=Q _Directly+ Q _Soil+ Q _OozeWater capacity computing formula: Q _Soil=Q _Fall-Q _Directly-Q _OozeWater demand of crop measurement is according to duty Q _IrritateWith soil moisture content changing value △ Q _SoilThese two parameters are promptly calculated the water consumption Q of crop in certain period _Do, Q _Do=Q _Fall+ Q _Irritate-Q _Directly-Q _Ooze+ △ Q _Soil

The invention solves employing " runoff field " and measure, its floor area is big, need build the underground gallery, the cost height, and error is difficult to control, and can not carry out the problem of automatic observation of data and remote remote measurement.Advantage is that floor area is little, and cost is low, ne-leakage, and measuring accuracy is higher, except doing runoff calculates, also as water-saving irrigation, water demand of crop research, and to the detection of runoff, groundwater quality.A survey bucket and two " well " have just substituted hundreds of square metres " runoff field ".Dispose automatic water yield counter and sun power transmitter, realize data automatic measuring, storage and wireless transmission---remote remote measurement.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 synoptic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a floor plan synoptic diagram of the present invention.

The sequence number of above accompanying drawing and title: 1, shaft bottom, 2, fluid sealant, 3, the runoff well, 4, the runoff bucket, 5, micro pump, 6, water yield counter, 7, well lid, 8, the runoff cross over pipe, 9, screen pack, 10, soil, 11, to survey tube suitable for reading, 12, survey tube, 13, seepage flow cross over pipe, 14, influent well, 15, the seepage flow bucket, 16, base plate, 17, survey a tube end opening, 18, the base plate angle, 19, protective fence, 20, the grass planting brick, 21, radio transmitter, 22, the water outlet hidden pipe, 23, udometer automatically.

Embodiment

Embodiment is illustrated as example with principle of work.

(1) rainwash is measured rainfall, snowfall inserts quantity of precipitation Q from the survey tube of surveying tube 12 suitable for reading 11 _FallMeasure by automatic udometer 23.Survey the rainwash Q that produces in the tube _DirectlySend into water yield counter 6 from runoff cross over pipe 8, enter runoff water bucket 4 after the metering, the accumulation back is discharged outside the runoff well 3 by micro pump 5.

(2) underground percolation measures the measurement amount

The seepage flow water yield Q that permeates the ground _OozeDeliver to water yield counter through runoff cross over pipe 13, measure the laggard wandering water bucket 15 of going into, discharge outside the seepage flow buckets by another micro pump 5.Seepage flow bucket 15 is accepted the seepage flow water yield, and volumetric ratio runoff bucket is little, so that two kinds of water identifications.After the survey tube inserted and puts in place in the undisturbed soil when base plate 16 was installed, outside soil pick is opened, the floor level insertion is with marine glue sealing 2.Radio transmitter 21 is the solar energy radio signal transmitter.

(3) water capacity calculates

Atmospheric precipitation Q _FallArrive ground and be divided into runoff water Q later on _Directly, soil water retention Q _SoilWith wandering water Q _OozeThree parts.Because during precipitation and after this to produce the interior evaporation capacity of short time of runoff very little, so ignore i.e.: Q _Fall=Q _Directly+ Q _Soil+ Q _OozeWater capacity is by calculating: Q _Soil=Q _Fall-Q _Directly-Q _OozeSo far draw quantity of precipitation one and be divided into three objective distribution rule, for calculating flow path surface, holard reservoir storage capacity, the increment of groundwater provide accurate data, for reasonable allocation of water resources, the efficient utilization provide scientific basis.

Above quantity of precipitation, run-off, seepage flow, all can record automatically, write down at the scene, show, and logical radio transmitter 21 is sent to that control center stores, record, arrangement, realizes intelligent the processing, this is the fresh content of water conservancy information automation.

(4) water demand of crop is measured

Trial crops on planting in surveying tube 12 adds duty Q during observation _IrritateWith soil moisture content changing value △ Q _SoilThese two parameters just will be calculated the water consumption Q of crop in certain period _Do

Q _Do=Q _Fall+ Q _Irritate---Q _Directly-Q _Ooze+ △ Q _Soil

(5) water quality detection

To sum up more convenient rainwash water and the underground percolation water of obtaining; this water quality is detected; draw quantitative relationship without irrigation method, Different Fertilization method and fertilizer loss; draw corresponding rule; thereby be the liquid manure coupling; the accurate irrigation, precisely fertilising is promoting the high crop yield high-quality to reduce non point source of pollution simultaneously, is protecting water environment that theoretical foundation is provided.

(6) artificial observation

As udometer automatically, water yield counter, micro pump automatically, replace with volumetric method, weight method, become and be manual measurement automatically, can draw three water yield data equally, but do not influence accuracy of observation, only increase the surveying work amount, thereby construction cost is reduced more than 50%, for multipoint observation provides possibility.

Claims

1, a kind of precipitation runoff measuring device, this device comprise surveys tube, runoff well, influent well, and survey tube, runoff well, influent well place the grass planting brick of protective fence, and survey tube, runoff well, influent well major part are embedded in the soil; Runoff well, influent well are stamped well lid; It is characterized in that being provided with between runoff well (3) and the influent well (14) unlimited survey tube (12), the runoff cross over pipe (8) of runoff well, the seepage flow cross over pipe (13) of influent well are connected with surveying tin (12) respectively, and described runoff cross over pipe and seepage flow cross over pipe are sealed by fluid sealant (2) with the junction of surveying tube; The import of runoff cross over pipe (8) is provided with screen pack (9), the water delivering orifice of runoff cross over pipe is provided with first water yield counter (6), described first water yield counter places the top of runoff bucket (4), the runoff bucket places the shaft bottom (1) of runoff well, first micro pump (5) is set in the described runoff bucket, first water yield counter connects with radio transmitter (21), and first micro pump connects with water outlet hidden pipe (22); The water delivering orifice of seepage flow cross over pipe is provided with second water yield counter, second water yield counter places the top of seepage flow bucket (15), the seepage flow bucket places the shaft bottom of influent well, and second micro pump is set in the seepage flow bucket, and second water yield counter connects with radio transmitter (21); Described second micro pump connects with water outlet hidden pipe (22).