CN106171836A - A kind of winter wheat on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method - Google Patents
A kind of winter wheat on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of winter wheat on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method；It is the growth characteristic according to winter wheat different growth stage and the demand to moisture, water of keeping a full stand of seedings is set, promotees strong water, stable yields water and volume increase four supplementary irrigation water of water；Portable instrument field test technology is combined by the present invention with conventional determining method, and be main acquisition soil moisture information with portable instrument field test technology, and only need to gather 0 20,20 40,40 60,60 80 and 80 100cm soil layer soil moisture contents and the precipitation of each growing stage of winter wheat under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, i.e. can determine that each crucial growthdevelopmental stage of winter wheat needs the supplementary irrigation water yield.Method is simple, it is easy to operation.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to Crop Water-saving Technology and irrigate field, relate to a kind of winter wheat on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method；Relate to especially
And a kind of according to High-yielding of Winter Wheat law of needing the water, in the way of renewing, feed Soil storage water, it is achieved supply and accurate needed in good time
Join, make full use of Soil storage water and natural precipitation, not only keep High-yielding of Winter Wheat level but also save the technology of irrigation water.
(2) technical background
China's water resource of per capita is about 2200m3, have 16 provinces (district, city) water resource of per capita (not include passing by present
Water) less than serious water shortage line, there are 6 provinces, district (Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu) water resource of per capita to be less than
500m3.Predicting the year two thousand thirty China's population when increasing to 1,600,000,000, water resource of per capita will drop to 1750m3.Especially on northern China ground
District (such as North China etc.), water resource quantity minimizing trend is obvious in recent years.North water deficit area continues the appearance of dry years,
And the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and Han River meet with the impact of the unfavorable factors such as dry years simultaneously, it is further exacerbated by northern water money
The contradiction of source imbalance of supply and demand.China's agricultural water accounts for the 70% of total water consumption, and shortage of water resources seriously restricts water shortage in north china district
Agriculture Production, threat China grain security, Developing Water-saving Agriculture situation is urgent, significant.
Frequency of irrigation that the many employings of traditional water-saving irrigation are fixing and irrigation quantity, real by reducing frequency of irrigation and irrigation quantity
Now water saving (Khokhar etc., 2010；Li etc., 2010；Thind etc., 2010；Ye Delian etc., 2016).But in actual production,
Owing to annual rainfall year type is different, the Annual distribution of gross precipitation and precipitation has larger difference, the side that therefore quota is irrigated
Method is difficult to moisture supply and mates with the accurate of crop water, appreciable impact crop yield and water-saving result.For realizing accurately
Water-saving irrigation, forefathers also propose to measure soil moisture content before pouring water every time, and target setting soil moisture content, according to irrigating water quota
Formula (mountain logical sequence etc., 2004) calculate irrigation quantity way (what Jianning etc., 2015；Guo etc., 2015).But this way is poured water every time
Before be required to measure soil moisture content, operate more complicated, workload greatly, constrains its popularization and application aborning.
(3) summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of winter wheat on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method.
A kind of winter wheat on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method, is the growth characteristic according to winter wheat different growth stage and right
The demand of moisture, arranges water of keeping a full stand of seedings, promotees strong water, stable yields water and volume increase four supplementary irrigation water of water.When being embodied as of four supplementary irrigation water
Between, the required supplementary irrigation water yield and supplementary irrigation method as follows:
1, in winter wheat plantation field, rainfall data collection and distance transmission system are installed, are used for obtaining During Growing Period of Winter Wheat
Interior precipitation data.Described rainfall data collection and distance transmission system include rainfall data acquisition unit, wireless transceiver
With GPRS network communication terminal equipment.Described wireless transceiver is arranged on rainfall data acquisition unit, and wireless by GPRS
The data gathered are transmitted to GPRS network communication terminal equipment by network.Collection the most every 5000-10000 mu agriculture of rainfall data
Field arranges a measuring point.
2, utilize artificial collection soil sample and measure the soil weight and water-holding capacity by conventional method, including:
(1) winter wheat sowing sowed 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-under earth's surface, field the same day
The 100cm soil layer soil weight, is followed successively by ρ b0-20、ρb20-40、ρb40-60、ρb60-80、ρb80-100；
(2) winter wheat sowing sowed the water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer under earth's surface, field the same day, used FC0-20Represent.
The plot of Winter Wheat Planted throughout the year, the mensuration of above each soil layer soil weight and water-holding capacity can often be carried out by 3-5
Once.
3, winter wheat sowing same day, utilize 0-20cm under Portable soil moisture analyzer collection sowing earth's surface, field,
20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer soil volumetric water content, uses θ successivelyv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、
θv-60-80、θv-80-100Represent.
4, the conversion of Portable soil moisture analyzer determination data.
0-20cm, 20-under the winter wheat sowing earth's surface on same day Portable soil moisture analyzer recorded with formula (1)
The soil volumetric water content of 40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer is scaled mass water content of soil:
θcm-i-j=θv-i-j/ρbi-j (1)
In described formula (1), θcm-i-jFor the soil of i j cm soil layer under the winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day that conversion obtains
Mass water content, unit is %, θv-i-jFor the soil volumetric water content of i j cm soil layer, unit under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day
For %；ρbi-jFor the soil weight of i j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit is g cm-3。θv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、θv-60-80With
θv-80-1000-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer under earth's surface is respectively obtained after conversion
θcm-0-20、θcm-20-40、θcm-40-60、θcm-60-80And θcm-80-100。
5,0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day is calculated respectively with formula (2)
The soils remediation technolgy of 100cm soil layer:
Si-j=0.1 × H × ρ bi-j×θcm-i-j (2)
In described formula (2), Si-jFor the soils remediation technolgy of i j cm soil layer, unit under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day
For mm；H is i j cm the thickness of the layer under earth's surface, and unit is cm；ρbi-jFor the soil weight of i j cm soil layer, unit under earth's surface
For g cm-3；θcm-i-jFor the mass water content of soil of i j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit is %；
Stored by the soil of 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100cm soil layer under formula (2) calculated earth's surface
The water yield is respectively S0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100。
6, the soil relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day is calculated with formula (3):
θr-0-20=θcm-0-20×100/FC0-20 (3)
θ in described formula (3)r-0-20For the soil relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day,
Unit is %；θcm-0-20For above-mentioned steps 4) mass water content of soil of 0-20cm soil layer under the earth's surface that obtains of conversion；FC0-20For
Above-mentioned steps 2) water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer under artificial sample the earth's surface that measures by conventional method.
7, according to the θ on the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20The size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation after winter wheat sowing
Keep a full stand of seedings water.
θ when the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20Without supplementary irrigation when value is more than 60%, during less than or equal to 60%, then use formula
(4) water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings is calculated:
Is=0.4901 θcm-0-20 2-16.412θcm-0-20+173.29 (4)
I in described formula (4)sFor water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, unit is mm；θcm-0-20For under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day
The mass water content of soil of 0-20cm soil layer, unit is %.
Water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings is no more than 60mm.
When this period needs supplementary irrigation, the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are used to enter
Row precision irrigation.
8, use the winter wheat sowing that rainfall data acquisition unit obtains to the precipitation data of period of surviving the winter, calculate this phase
Between gross precipitation Pps。
9, by above-mentioned steps 5) calculated S0-20And S20-40Addition obtains 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface
S0-40。
10, with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:
Wps=S0-40+Is+Pps (5)
W in described formula (5)psFor the root layer main effect output of winter wheat sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm；S0-40
For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；IsFor water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, unit is
mm；PpsFor the gross precipitation of sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm.
11, in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WpsThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation to promote strong water.
Work as WpsValue more than or equal to 150mm, though or less than 150mm but the difference of the two less than 5mm time, it is not necessary to supplementary irrigation；Work as Wps
Value is less than 150mm, and when the difference of the two is more than or equal to 5mm, then calculates with formula (6) and promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount:
Ips=150-Wps (6)
I in described formula (6)psFor promoting strong water supplementary irrigation amount, unit is mm.
Promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount and be no more than 60mm.
When this period needs supplementary irrigation, the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are used to enter
Row precision irrigation.
12, use the winter wheat sowing that rainfall data acquisition unit obtains to the precipitation data during jointing, calculate this
The gross precipitation P of periody1。
13, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):
Wy1=S0-40+Py1 (7)
W in described formula (7)y1For the natural main effect output during winter wheat sowing to jointing, unit is mm；S0-40
For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；Py1For the total fall during sowing to jointing
The water yield, unit is mm.
14, stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat jointing stage.
If kept a full stand of seedings, water and the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of rush are 0mm, then by formula (8) calculating stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount:
Iy1=-0.6829Wy1+173.17 (8)
I in described formula (8)y1For stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount, unit is mm.
If kept a full stand of seedings, water supplementary irrigation amount or the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of rush are more than 0mm, the most first calculate sowing to the jointing stage with formula (9)
Required total supplementary irrigation water yield:
Ity1=-0.534Wy1+178.09 (9)
I in described formula (9)ty1For the total supplementary irrigation water yield needed for sowing to jointing stage, unit is mm.
Again by formula (10) calculating stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount:
Iy1=Ity1-Is-Ips (10)
I in described formula (10)y1、IsAnd IpsBeing respectively stable yields water, keep a full stand of seedings water and the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of rush, unit is mm.
When this period needs supplementary irrigation, the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are used to enter
Row precision irrigation.
15, use the winter wheat sowing that rainfall data acquisition unit obtains to the precipitation data during the development of grain phase, meter
Calculate gross precipitation P during this periody2。
16, above-mentioned steps 5 is utilized) calculated S0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100, by adding and calculating
0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy S0-100。
17, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during the development of grain phase with formula (11):
Wy2=0.7S0-100+0.3Py2 (11)
W in described formula (11)y2For the natural main effect output during winter wheat sowing to development of grain phase, unit is
mm；S0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；Py2For sowing to seed shape
Gross precipitation during the one-tenth phase, unit is mm.
18, volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat development of grain phase.
First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during the development of grain phase with formula (12):
Ity2=-1.2039Wy2+382.42 (12)
I in described formula (12)ty2For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to development of grain phase, unit
For mm.
Calculate with formula (13) again and increase production water supplementary irrigation amount:
Iy2=Ity2-Is-Ips-Iy1 (13)
I in described formula (13)y2、Is、IpsAnd Iy1Respectively increase production water, water of keeping a full stand of seedings, promote strong water and stable yields water supplementary irrigation
Amount, unit is mm.
Volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is no more than 60mm.
When this period needs supplementary irrigation, the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are used to enter
Row precision irrigation.
The method have the advantages that
1, portable instrument field test technology is combined by the present invention with conventional determining method, and with portable instrument field
Between determination techniques be main acquisition soil moisture information, and only need to gather 0-20,20-40,40-under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day
60,60-80 and 80-100cm soil layer soil moisture content and the precipitation of each growing stage of winter wheat, i.e. can determine that winter wheat is respectively closed
Key growthdevelopmental stage need the supplementary irrigation water yield.Method is simple, it is easy to operation.
2, the source of irrigated land Water Consumption of Winter Wheat includes Soil storage water, natural precipitation and irrigation water.The present invention is with winter wheat
Saving irrigation model is target, according to each growing stage of winter wheat to the demand of moisture and the soil water and precipitation state of supply, accurately counts
Calculate each crucial growthdevelopmental stage of winter wheat and need the supplementary irrigation water yield, take full advantage of Soil storage water and natural precipitation, the winter can not only be kept little
Wheat normal high yield level, and substantially reduce irrigation water and put into, per hectare is economized on water more than 650 cubic metres.
3, on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method provided by the present invention can be winter wheat by the exploitation of correlation technique software
Light simplification provides theoretical, technology and data supporting with information-based cultivation.
Four, detailed description of the invention:
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
After reading this specification, as required the present embodiment can be made and there is no the amendment of creative contribution, but as long as
All protected by Patent Law in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Test is carried out on silty loam plot, Nan Chou village, Bian Yuan town, Feicheng, Shandong Province, Winter Wheat Planted high-yield variety Jimai
22.Experimental plot 0-100cm soil layer soil clay particle, sand grains and silt content are respectively 10.8%, 19.2%, 69.8%.0-20cm
Soil layer soil is containing organic 14.0g kg-1, full nitrogen 1.0g kg-1, be respectively 100.1 containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium,
43.9 and 119.9mg kg-1。
Sowing on October 11st, 2014 winter wheat.Use the operation of winter wheat on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method as follows:
1, in winter wheat plantation field, rainfall data collection and distance transmission system are installed.Described rainfall data collection and
Distance transmission system includes rainfall data acquisition unit, wireless transceiver and GPRS network communication terminal equipment.Described wireless receipts
Send out device to be arranged on rainfall data acquisition unit, and by GPRS wireless network by whole to GPRS network communication for the data transmission gathered
End equipment.Described soil moisture monitor uses the TZS-3X type multiple spot that Yun Nong Science and Technology Co., Ltd. of Zhejiang Top produces
Soil moisture monitor, described rainfall data acquisition unit uses JDZ05-1 type rainfall data acquisition unit, described wireless receiving and dispatching
Device uses LS-CDMA DTU type transceiver, described GPRS network communication terminal equipment to use HUAWEI GRA-UL00 model hands
Machine.Every 5000 mu of the collection of rainfall data arranges a measuring point.
2, utilize artificial collection soil sample and measure the soil weight and water-holding capacity by conventional method, including:
(1) winter wheat sowing sowed 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-under earth's surface, field the same day
The 100cm soil layer soil weight, is followed successively by ρ b0-20、ρb20-40、ρb40-60、ρb60-80、ρb80-100；
(2) winter wheat sowing sowed the water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer under earth's surface, field the same day, used FC0-20Represent.
The present embodiment is as shown in table 1 to the measurement result of the above-mentioned soil layer soil weight and water-holding capacity.
The winter wheat sowing that table 1 embodiment of the present invention measures sowed 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-under earth's surface, field the same day
The soil weight of 60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer and the water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer
The long-term Winter Wheat Planted in this experimental plot, so the mensuration of the soil weight and water-holding capacity can often be carried out once by 3-5.
3, winter wheat sowing same day, the SU-LA type high intelligence soil that Beijing Meng Chuan great achievement Science and Technology Ltd. produces is used
0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer soil under earth moisture tester collection sowing earth's surface, field
Volumetric(al) moisture content data, as shown in table 2.0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer soil under earth's surface
θ used successively by earth volumetric(al) moisture contentv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、θv-60-80、θv-80-100Represent.
4, the conversion of soil moisture tester determination data.
0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-under the winter wheat sowing earth's surface on same day soil moisture tester recorded with formula (1)
The soil volumetric water content of 60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer is scaled mass water content of soil.Scaling results such as table 2 institute
Show.Under the earth's surface obtained after conversion, the soil quality of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer contains
The water yield uses θ respectivelycm-0-20、θcm-20-40、θcm-40-60、θcm-60-80And θcm-80-100Represent.
0-20cm, 20-under the winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day that table 2 embodiment of the present invention soil moisture tester records
The mass water content of soil obtained after the soil volumetric water content of 40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer and conversion
5,0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day is calculated respectively with formula (2)
The soils remediation technolgy of 80cm and 80-100cm soil layer.The calculated S of the present embodiment0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100
It is respectively 60.3,63.9,64.2,70.2 and 74.5mm.
6, the soil relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day is calculated with formula (3):
θr-0-20=θcm-0-20×100/FC0-20=20.8 × 100/28.8=72.2%.
7, according to the θ on the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20The size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation after winter wheat sowing
Keep a full stand of seedings water.
θ due to the present embodimentr-0-20=72.2% ＞ 60%, so without irrigation and seedling protection water.
8, the precipitation data using rainfall data acquisition unit to obtain, calculates winter wheat sowing and drops to the total of period of surviving the winter
Water yield Pps=22.5mm.
9, by above-mentioned steps 5) calculated S0-20And S20-40Addition obtains 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface:
S0-40=60.3+63.9=124.2mm.
10, with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:
Wps=S0-40+Is+Pps=124.2+0+22.5=146.7mm.
11, in winter wheat Wintering Period according to WpsThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation to promote strong water.
W due to the present embodimentps=146.7mm, though less than 150mm but the two difference less than 5mm, so without irrigating
Promote strong water.
12, the precipitation data using rainfall data acquisition unit to obtain, calculates total to during jointing of winter wheat sowing
Precipitation Py1=91.3mm.
13, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):
Wy1=S0-40+Py1=124.2+91.3=215.5mm.
14, stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat jointing stage.
Owing to water of the keeping a full stand of seedings water supplementary irrigation amount strong with rush of the present embodiment is 0mm, so using formula (8) to calculate stable yields water benefit
Filling amount:
Iy1=-0.6829Wy1+ 173.17=-0.6829 × 215.5+173.17=26.0mm.
Stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount I of the present embodimenty1For 26.0mm.
Use Shandong Agricultural University and the wheat and corn whole year production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited co-production
Variable rich water integration irrigation system carries out precision irrigation.
15, the precipitation data using rainfall data acquisition unit to obtain, calculates winter wheat sowing to phase development of grain phase
Between gross precipitation Py2=120.4mm.
16, above-mentioned steps 5 is utilized) calculated S0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100, by adding and calculating
0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy:
S0-100=60.3+63.9+64.2+70.2+74.5=333.1mm..
17, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during the development of grain phase with formula (11):
Wy2=0.7S0-100+0.3Py2=0.7 × 333.1+0.3 × 120.4=233.17+36.12=269.3mm.
18, volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat development of grain phase.
First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during the development of grain phase with formula (12):
Ity2=-1.2039Wy2+ 382.42=-1.2039 × 269.3+382.42=58.2mm；
Calculate with formula (13) again and increase production water supplementary irrigation amount:
Iy2=Ity2-Is-Ips-Iy1=58.2-0-0-26.0=32.2mm.
Due to 32.2mm ＜ 60mm, then volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount I of the present embodimenty2For 32.2mm.
Use Shandong Agricultural University and the wheat and corn whole year production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited co-production
Variable rich water integration irrigation system carries out precision irrigation.
11, as shown in table 3, the present embodiment winter wheat total supplementary irrigation in time of infertility water yield is 58.2mm, processes with tradition border irrigation
Comparing, economize on water the time of infertility 66.2mm, and per hectare is economized on water 662 cubic metres, increases production 185.3 kilograms.
The on-demand supplementary irrigation of table 3 embodiment of the present invention winter wheat and tradition border irrigation irrigation quantity in the time of infertility and yield comparison
Claims (1)
1. a winter wheat on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method, it is characterised in that be the growth according to winter wheat different growth stage
Feature and the demand to moisture, arrange water of keeping a full stand of seedings, promote strong water, stable yields water and volume increase four supplementary irrigation water of water；The tool of four supplementary irrigation water
It is as follows that body implements time, the required supplementary irrigation water yield and supplementary irrigation method:
1) rainfall data collection and distance transmission system are installed, for obtaining in During Growing Period of Winter Wheat in winter wheat plantation field
Precipitation data；Described rainfall data collection and distance transmission system include rainfall data acquisition unit, wireless transceiver and
GPRS network communication terminal equipment；Described wireless transceiver is arranged on rainfall data acquisition unit, and by GPRS wireless network
The data gathered are transmitted to GPRS network communication terminal equipment by network；Collection the most every 5000-10000 mu farmland of rainfall data
One measuring point is set；
2) utilize artificial collection soil sample and measure the soil weight and water-holding capacity by conventional method, including:
(1) winter wheat sowing sowed 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil under earth's surface, field the same day
The layer soil weight, is followed successively by ρ b0-20、ρb20-40、ρb40-60、ρb60-80、ρb80-100；
(2) winter wheat sowing sowed the water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer under earth's surface, field the same day, used FC0-20Represent；
The plot of Winter Wheat Planted throughout the year, the mensuration of above each soil layer soil weight and water-holding capacity can often be carried out once by 3-5；
3) winter wheat sowing same day, 0-20cm, 20-under Portable soil moisture analyzer collection sowing earth's surface, field is utilized
40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer soil volumetric water content, uses θ successivelyv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、
θv-60-80、θv-80-100Represent；
4) conversion of Portable soil moisture analyzer determination data；
0-20cm under the winter wheat sowing earth's surface on same day Portable soil moisture analyzer recorded with formula (1), 20-40cm,
The soil volumetric water content of 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer is scaled mass water content of soil:
θcm-i-j=θv-i-j/ρbi-j (1)
In described formula (1), θcm-i-jFor the soil quality of i j cm soil layer under the winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day that conversion obtains
Water content, unit is %, θv-i-jFor the soil volumetric water content of i j cm soil layer, unit under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day
For %；ρbi-jFor the soil weight of i j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit is g cm-3；θv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、θv-60-80With
θv-80-1000-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer under earth's surface is respectively obtained after conversion
θcm-0-20、θcm-20-40、θcm-40-60、θcm-60-80And θcm-80-100；
5) 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100cm under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day is calculated respectively with formula (2)
The soils remediation technolgy of soil layer:
Si-j=0.1 × H × ρ bi-j×θcm-i-j (2)
In described formula (2), Si-jFor the soils remediation technolgy of i j cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；
H is i j cm the thickness of the layer under earth's surface, and unit is cm；ρbi-jFor the soil weight of i j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit is g
cm-3；θcm-i-jFor the mass water content of soil of i j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit is %；
By the soils remediation technolgy of 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100cm soil layer under formula (2) calculated earth's surface
It is respectively S0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100；
6) soil relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day is calculated with formula (3):
θr-0-20=θcm-0-20×100/FC0-20 (3)
θ in described formula (3)r-0-20For the soil relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer, unit under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day
For %；θcm-0-20For above-mentioned steps 4) mass water content of soil of 0-20cm soil layer under the earth's surface that obtains of conversion；FC0-20For above-mentioned
Step 2) water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer under artificial sample the earth's surface that measures by conventional method；
7) according to the θ on the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20The size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation after winter wheat sowing to keep a full stand of seedings
Water；
θ when the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20Without supplementary irrigation when value is more than 60%, during less than or equal to 60%, then count with formula (4)
Calculation is kept a full stand of seedings water supplementary irrigation amount:
Is=0.4901 θcm-0-20 2-16.412θcm-0-20+173.29 (4)
I in described formula (4)sFor water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, unit is mm；θcm-0-20For 0-under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day
The mass water content of soil of 20cm soil layer, unit is %；
Water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings is no more than 60mm；
8) use the winter wheat sowing that rainfall data acquisition unit obtains to the precipitation data of period of surviving the winter, calculate during this period
Gross precipitation Pps；
9) by above-mentioned steps 5) calculated S0-20And S20-40Addition obtains 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy S under earth's surface0-40；
10) with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:
Wps=S0-40+Is+Pps (5)
W in described formula (5)psFor the root layer main effect output of winter wheat sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm；S0-40For the winter
0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under wheat cultivation earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；IsFor water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, unit is mm；Pps
For the gross precipitation of sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm；
11) in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WpsThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation to promote strong water；
Work as WpsValue more than or equal to 150mm, though or less than 150mm but the difference of the two less than 5mm time, it is not necessary to supplementary irrigation；Work as WpsIt is worth low
In 150mm, and when the difference of the two is more than or equal to 5mm, then calculate with formula (6) and promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount:
Ips=150-Wps (6)
I in described formula (6)psFor promoting strong water supplementary irrigation amount, unit is mm；
Promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount and be no more than 60mm；
12) use the winter wheat sowing that rainfall data acquisition unit obtains to the precipitation data during jointing, calculate during this period
Gross precipitation Py1；
13) winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):
Wy1=S0-40+Py1 (7)
W in described formula (7)y1For the natural main effect output during winter wheat sowing to jointing, unit is mm；S0-40For the winter
0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under wheat cultivation earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；Py1For sowing to the gross precipitation during jointing,
Unit is mm；
14) stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat jointing stage；
If kept a full stand of seedings, water and the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of rush are 0mm, then by formula (8) calculating stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount:
Iy1=-0.6829Wy1+173.17 (8)
I in described formula (8)y1For stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount, unit is mm；
The water supplementary irrigation amount or promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount more than 0mm if kept a full stand of seedings, the most first calculates with formula (9) and sows to needed for the jointing stage
Total supplementary irrigation water yield:
Ity1=-0.534Wy1+178.09 (9)
I in described formula (9)ty1For the total supplementary irrigation water yield needed for sowing to jointing stage, unit is mm；
Again by formula (10) calculating stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount:
Iy1=Ity1-Is-Ips (10)
I in described formula (10)y1、IsAnd IpsBeing respectively stable yields water, keep a full stand of seedings water and the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of rush, unit is mm；
15) use the winter wheat sowing that rainfall data acquisition unit obtains to the precipitation data during the development of grain phase, calculate
Gross precipitation P during this periody2；
16) above-mentioned steps 5 is utilized) calculated S0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100, by adding and calculating 0-
100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy S0-100；
17) winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during the development of grain phase with formula (11):
Wy2=0.7S0-100+0.3Py2 (11)
W in described formula (11)y2For the natural main effect output during winter wheat sowing to development of grain phase, unit is mm；
S0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；Py2For sowing to development of grain
Gross precipitation during phase, unit is mm；
18) volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat development of grain phase；
First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during the development of grain phase with formula (12):
Ity2=-1.2039Wy2+382.42 (12)
I in described formula (12)ty2For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to development of grain phase, unit is mm；
Calculate with formula (13) again and increase production water supplementary irrigation amount:
Iy2=Ity2-Is-Ips-Iy1 (13)
I in described formula (13)y2、Is、IpsAnd Iy1Respectively increase production water, water of keeping a full stand of seedings, promote strong water and stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount, unit
For mm；
Volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is no more than 60mm.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108401854A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-08-17 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of navel orange water-saving irrigation method based on soil moisture detection |
| CN108718955A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-11-02 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of areas Liang Shu are according to moisture in the soil seeding and fertilizing dry land wheat Highly effective cultural method |
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