CN106171836B - A kind of on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method of winter wheat - Google Patents
A kind of on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method of winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model methods of winter wheat；It is the growth characteristic according to winter wheat different growth stage and the demand to moisture, water of keeping a full stand of seedings is set, promotees strong water, stable yields water and volume increase four supplementary irrigation water of water；The present invention combines portable instrument field test technology with conventional determining method, and soil moisture information is obtained based on portable instrument field test technology, and only need 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100cm soil layer soil moisture content and the precipitation of each growing stage of winter wheat under acquisition winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface, that is, can determine each crucial growthdevelopmental stage of winter wheat needs supplementary irrigation water.Method is simple, easily operated.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to Crop Water-saving Technologies to irrigate field, be related to a kind of on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method of winter wheat；Especially relate to
And a kind of foundation High-yielding of Winter Wheat law of needing the water, Soil storage water is fed in a manner of to renew in due course, realizes accurate supplied with needing
Match, make full use of Soil storage water and natural precipitation, not only kept High-yielding of Winter Wheat horizontal but also saves the technology of irrigation water.
(2) technical background
China's water resource of per capita is about 2200m3, having 16 provinces (area, city) water resource of per capita at present (does not include passing by
Water) it is lower than serious water shortage line, there are 6 provinces, area (Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu) water resource of per capita to be lower than
500m3.When predicting the year two thousand thirty China human mortality and increasing to 1,600,000,000, water resource of per capita will drop to 1750m3.Especially in northern China
Area (such as North China), it is obvious to reduce trend for water resource quantity in recent years.North water deficit area continues the appearance of dry years,
And the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and Han River meet with the influence of the unfavorable factors such as dry years simultaneously, have been further exacerbated by northern water money
The contradiction of source imbalance of supply and demand.China's agricultural water accounts for about the 70% of total water consumption, and shortage of water resources seriously restricts water shortage in north china area
Agriculture Production threatens China's grain security, and Developing Water-saving Agriculture situation is urgent, significant.
Traditional water-saving irrigation mostly uses fixed frequency of irrigation and irrigation quantity, real by reducing frequency of irrigation and irrigation quantity
Now water-saving (Khokhar etc., 2010；Li et al., 2010；Thind etc., 2010；Ye Delian etc., 2016).However in actual production,
Since annual rainfall year type is different, the Annual distribution of gross precipitation and precipitation has larger difference, therefore the side that quota is irrigated
Method is difficult to realize moisture and supplies to give the accurate matching of crop water, significantly affects crop yield and water-saving result.It is accurate to realize
Water-saving irrigation, forefathers also propose to measure soil moisture content before pouring water every time, target soil water content are set, according to irrigating water quota
Formula (mountain logical sequence etc., 2004) calculate irrigation quantity method (what Jianning etc., 2015；Guo etc., 2015).But the method is poured water every time
Before be required to measurement soil moisture content, operate more complex, heavy workload, constrain its popularization and application in production.
(3) summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model methods of winter wheat.
A kind of on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method of winter wheat is according to the growth characteristic of winter wheat different growth stage and right
The demand of moisture is arranged water of keeping a full stand of seedings, promotees strong water, stable yields water and volume increase four supplementary irrigation water of water.When the specific implementation of four supplementary irrigation water
Between, required supplementary irrigation water and supplementary irrigation method it is as follows:
1, in winter wheat plantation field installation rainfall data acquisition and distance transmission system, for obtaining During Growing Period of Winter Wheat
Interior precipitation data.The rainfall data acquisition and distance transmission system include rainfall data acquisition unit, wireless transceiver
With GPRS network communication terminal equipment.The wireless transceiver is mounted on rainfall data acquisition unit, and wireless by GPRS
The data of acquisition are transmitted to GPRS network communication terminal equipment by network.The generally every 5000-10000 mus of agriculture of the acquisition of rainfall data
A measuring point is arranged in field.
2, using artificial acquisition soil sample and the soil weight and water-holding capacity are measured with conventional method, comprising:
(1) 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80- under winter wheat sowing same day sowing field earth's surface
The 100cm soil layer soil weight, is followed successively by ρ b0-20、ρb20-40、ρb40-60、ρb60-80、ρb80-100；
(2) the winter wheat sowing same day sows the water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer under the earth's surface of field, uses FC0-20It indicates.
The plot of long-term Winter Wheat Planted, the measurement of above each soil layer soil weight and water-holding capacity can be carried out with every 3-5
Once.
3, in the winter wheat sowing same day, using Portable soil moisture analyzer acquire 0-20cm under sowing field earth's surface,
20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer soil volumetric water content, successively use θv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、
θv-60-80、θv-80-100It indicates.
4, the conversion of Portable soil moisture analyzer determination data.
0-20cm, 20- under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface Portable soil moisture analyzer measured with formula (1)
The soil volumetric water content of 40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer is scaled mass water content of soil:
θcm-i-j=θv-i-j/ρbi-j (1)
In the formula (1), θcm-i-jThe soil of i-j cm soil layer under the winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface obtained for conversion
Mass water content, unit %, θv-i-jFor the soil volumetric water content of i-j cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface, unit
For %；ρbi-jFor the soil weight of i-j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit is g cm-3。θv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、θv-60-80With
θv-80-1000-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer under earth's surface are respectively obtained after converting
θcm-0-20、θcm-20-40、θcm-40-60、θcm-60-80And θcm-80-100。
5,0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80- under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface are calculated separately out with formula (2)
The soils remediation technolgy of 100cm soil layer:
Si-j=0.1 × H × ρ bi-j×θcm-i-j (2)
In the formula (2), Si-jFor the soils remediation technolgy of i-j cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface, unit
For mm；H is i-j cm the thickness of the layer under earth's surface, unit cm；ρbi-jFor the soil weight of i-j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit
For g cm-3；θcm-i-jFor the mass water content of soil of i-j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit %；
The soil of 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100cm soil layer stores under the earth's surface be calculated by formula (2)
Water is respectively S0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100。
6, the soil relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):
θr-0-20=θcm-0-20×100/FC0-20 (3)
θ in the formula (3)r-0-20For the soil relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface,
Unit is %；θcm-0-20For above-mentioned steps 4) mass water content of soil of 0-20cm soil layer under the obtained earth's surface of conversion；FC0-20For
Above-mentioned steps 2) artificial sample and with conventional method measure earth's surface under 0-20cm soil layer water-holding capacity.
7, according to the θ on the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20The size of numerical value judges whether to need the supplementary irrigation after winter wheat sowing
Keep a full stand of seedings water.
As the θ on the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20Value is not necessarily to supplementary irrigation when being greater than 60%, when being less than or equal to 60%, then uses formula
(4) water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings is calculated:
Is=0.4901 θcm-0-20 2-16.412θcm-0-20+173.29 (4)
I in the formula (4)sFor water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, unit mm；θcm-0-20For under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface
The mass water content of soil of 0-20cm soil layer, unit %.
Water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings is no more than 60mm.
When the period needs supplementary irrigation, using the facilities such as the higher microspray irrigation of irrigation water distribution consistency degree, sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation into
Row precision irrigation.
8, the winter wheat sowing obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit calculates the phase to the precipitation data of overwintering period
Between gross precipitation Pps。
9, by above-mentioned steps 5) S that is calculated0-20And S20-40Addition obtains 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface
S0-40。
10, the root layer main effect water supply of winter wheat sowing to overwintering period is calculated with formula (5):
Wps=S0-40+Is+Pps (5)
W in the formula (5)psFor the root layer main effect water supply of winter wheat sowing to overwintering period, unit mm；S0-40
For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface, unit mm；IsFor water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, unit is
mm；PpsTo sow to the gross precipitation of overwintering period, unit mm.
11, in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WpsThe size of numerical value judges whether that supplementary irrigation is needed to promote strong water.
Work as WpsValue be more than or equal to 150mm, though or lower than 150mm the two difference be less than 5mm when, be not necessarily to supplementary irrigation；Work as Wps
Value is lower than 150mm, and when the difference of the two is more than or equal to 5mm, is then calculated with formula (6) and promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount:
Ips=150-Wps (6)
I in the formula (6)psTo promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount, unit mm.
Promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount and is no more than 60mm.
When the period needs supplementary irrigation, using the facilities such as the higher microspray irrigation of irrigation water distribution consistency degree, sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation into
Row precision irrigation.
12, the winter wheat sowing obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit calculates this to the precipitation data during jointing
The gross precipitation P of periody1。
13, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect water supply during jointing with formula (7):
Wy1=S0-40+Py1 (7)
W in the formula (7)y1For winter wheat sowing to the natural main effect water supply during jointing, unit mm；S0-40
For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface, unit mm；Py1For sowing to total drop during jointing
Water, unit mm.
14, stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat jointing stage.
If the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of water and the rush of keeping a full stand of seedings is 0mm, stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated with formula (8):
Iy1=-0.6829Wy1+173.17 (8)
I in the formula (8)y1For stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount, unit mm.
If water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings promotees strong water supplementary irrigation amount greater than 0mm, sowing first is calculated to the jointing stage with formula (9)
Required total supplementary irrigation water:
Ity1=-0.534Wy1+178.09 (9)
I in the formula (9)ty1For sowing to total supplementary irrigation water needed for the jointing stage, unit mm.
Stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated with formula (10) again:
Iy1=Ity1-Is-Ips (10)
I in the formula (10)y1、IsAnd IpsRespectively stable yields water, keep a full stand of seedings water and the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of rush, unit mm.
When the period needs supplementary irrigation, using the facilities such as the higher microspray irrigation of irrigation water distribution consistency degree, sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation into
Row precision irrigation.
15, the winter wheat sowing obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit is counted to the precipitation data during the development of grain phase
Calculate the gross precipitation P of this periody2。
16, above-mentioned steps 5 are utilized) S that is calculated0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100, calculated by adduction
0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy S0-100。
17, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect water supply during the development of grain phase with formula (11):
Wy2=0.7S0-100+0.3Py2 (11)
W in the formula (11)y2It is winter wheat sowing to the natural main effect water supply during the development of grain phase, unit is
mm；S0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface, unit mm；Py2For sowing to seed shape
At the gross precipitation during the phase, unit mm.
18, volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat development of grain phase.
Total supplementary irrigation water of the winter wheat sowing to needed for during the development of grain phase is calculated with formula (12) first:
Ity2=-1.2039Wy2+382.42 (12)
I in the formula (12)ty2For total supplementary irrigation water of the winter wheat sowing to needed for during the development of grain phase, unit
For mm.
Volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated with formula (13) again:
Iy2=Ity2-Is-Ips-Iy1 (13)
I in the formula (13)y2、Is、IpsAnd Iy1Respectively increase production water, water of keeping a full stand of seedings, promote strong water and stable yields water supplementary irrigation
Amount, unit mm.
Volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is no more than 60mm.
When the period needs supplementary irrigation, using the facilities such as the higher microspray irrigation of irrigation water distribution consistency degree, sprinkling irrigation or trickle irrigation into
Row precision irrigation.
The invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention combines portable instrument field test technology with conventional determining method, and with portable instrument field
Between obtain soil moisture information based on determination techniques, and only need 0-20,20-40,40- under acquisition winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface
60,60-80 and 80-100cm soil layer soil moisture content and the precipitation of each growing stage of winter wheat, that is, can determine that winter wheat is respectively closed
Key growthdevelopmental stage needs supplementary irrigation water.Method is simple, easily operated.
2, the irrigate the fields source of Water Consumption of Winter Wheat of water includes Soil storage water, natural precipitation and irrigation water.The present invention is with winter wheat
Saving irrigation model is target, the demand and the soil water and precipitation state of supply according to each growing stage of winter wheat to moisture, accurate to count
Calculating each crucial growthdevelopmental stage of winter wheat needs supplementary irrigation water, takes full advantage of Soil storage water and natural precipitation, it is small to be not only able to maintain the winter
The normal high yield of wheat is horizontal, and substantially reduces irrigation water investment, and water-saving 650 cubic metres of per hectare or more.
3, on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method provided by the present invention can be winter wheat by the exploitation of the relevant technologies software
Light simplified and information-based cultivation provides theoretical, technology and data supporting.
Four, specific embodiment:
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
After reading this specification, can according to need the modification that not creative contribution is made to the present embodiment, as long as but
All by the protection of Patent Law in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Test carries out on the village the Nan Chou silty loam plot of the Feicheng, Shandong Province town Bian Yuan, Winter Wheat Planted high-yield variety Jimai
22.Experimental plot 0-100cm soil layer soil clay particle, sand grains and silt content are respectively 10.8%, 19.2%, 69.8%.0-20cm
Soil layer soil 14.0g containing organic matter kg-1, full nitrogen 1.0g kg-1, containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium be respectively 100.1,
43.9 and 119.9mg kg-1。
Sowing on October 11st, 2014 winter wheat.It is as follows using the on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method operation of winter wheat:
1, in winter wheat plantation field installation rainfall data acquisition and distance transmission system.The described rainfall data acquisition and
Distance transmission system includes rainfall data acquisition unit, wireless transceiver and GPRS network communication terminal equipment.The wireless receipts
Hair device is mounted on rainfall data acquisition unit, and the data of acquisition are transmitted to GPRS network communication eventually by GPRS wireless network
End equipment.The soil moisture recorder uses the TZS-3X type multiple spot of Yun Nong Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Top production
Soil moisture recorder, the rainfall data acquisition unit use JDZ05-1 type rainfall data acquisition unit, the wireless receiving and dispatching
Device uses LS-CDMA DTU type transceiver, and the GPRS network communication terminal equipment uses HUAWEI GRA-UL00 model hand
Machine.The acquisition of rainfall data one measuring point of every 5000 mu of settings.
2, using artificial acquisition soil sample and the soil weight and water-holding capacity are measured with conventional method, comprising:
(1) 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80- under winter wheat sowing same day sowing field earth's surface
The 100cm soil layer soil weight, is followed successively by ρ b0-20、ρb20-40、ρb40-60、ρb60-80、ρb80-100；
(2) the winter wheat sowing same day sows the water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer under the earth's surface of field, uses FC0-20It indicates.
The present embodiment is as shown in table 1 to the measurement result of the above-mentioned soil layer soil weight and water-holding capacity.
0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40- under the winter wheat sowing same day sowing field earth's surface of 1 embodiment of the present invention of table measurement
The soil weight of 60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer and the water-holding capacity of 0-20cm soil layer
The long-term Winter Wheat Planted in this experimental plot, so the measurement of the soil weight and water-holding capacity can be carried out once with every 3-5.
3, in the winter wheat sowing same day, the high intelligence soil of SU-LA type produced using Beijing Meng Chuan great achievement Science and Technology Ltd.
0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer soil under earth moisture tester acquisition sowing field earth's surface
Volumetric(al) moisture content data, as shown in table 2.0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer soil under earth's surface
Earth volumetric(al) moisture content successively uses θv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、θv-60-80、θv-80-100It indicates.
4, the conversion of soil moisture tester determination data.
0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40- under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface soil moisture tester measured with formula (1)
The soil volumetric water content of 60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer is scaled mass water content of soil.Scaling results such as 2 institute of table
Show.The soil quality of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer contains under the earth's surface obtained after conversion
Water uses θ respectivelycm-0-20、θcm-20-40、θcm-40-60、θcm-60-80And θcm-80-100It indicates.
0-20cm, 20- under the winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface that 2 soil moisture tester of the embodiment of the present invention of table measures
The mass water content of soil obtained after the soil volumetric water content of 40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer and conversion
5,0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60- under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface are calculated separately out with formula (2)
The soils remediation technolgy of 80cm and 80-100cm soil layer.The S that the present embodiment is calculated0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100
Respectively 60.3,63.9,64.2,70.2 and 74.5mm.
6, the soil relative water content of 0-20cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):
θr-0-20=θcm-0-20×100/FC0-20=20.8 × 100/28.8=72.2%.
7, according to the θ on the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20The size of numerical value judges whether to need the supplementary irrigation after winter wheat sowing
Keep a full stand of seedings water.
Due to the θ of the present embodimentr-0-20=72.2% > 60%, so being not necessarily to irrigation and seedling protection water.
8, the precipitation data obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit, calculates total drop of winter wheat sowing to overwintering period
Water Pps=22.5mm.
9, by above-mentioned steps 5) S that is calculated0-20And S20-40Addition obtains 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface:
S0-40=60.3+63.9=124.2mm.
10, the root layer main effect water supply of winter wheat sowing to overwintering period is calculated with formula (5):
Wps=S0-40+Is+Pps=124.2+0+22.5=146.7mm.
11, in winter wheat Wintering Period according to WpsThe size of numerical value judges whether that supplementary irrigation is needed to promote strong water.
Due to the W of the present embodimentps=146.7mm, though the difference lower than 150mm the two is less than 5mm, so without irrigating
Promote strong water.
12, the precipitation data obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit calculates winter wheat sowing to total during jointing
Precipitation Py1=91.3mm.
13, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect water supply during jointing with formula (7):
Wy1=S0-40+Py1=124.2+91.3=215.5mm.
14, stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat jointing stage.
Since the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of water and rush of keeping a full stand of seedings of the present embodiment is 0mm, mended so calculating stable yields water using formula (8)
Filling amount:
Iy1=-0.6829Wy1+ 173.17=-0.6829 × 215.5+173.17=26.0mm.
The stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount I of the present embodimenty1For 26.0mm.
Use the wheat and corn whole year production of Shandong Agricultural University and the co-production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd
Variable rich water integration irrigation system carries out precision irrigation.
15, the precipitation data obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit, calculates winter wheat sowing to phase development of grain phase
Between gross precipitation Py2=120.4mm.
16, above-mentioned steps 5 are utilized) S that is calculated0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100, calculated by adduction
0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy:
S0-100=60.3+63.9+64.2+70.2+74.5=333.1mm.
17, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect water supply during the development of grain phase with formula (11):
Wy2=0.7S0-100+0.3Py2=0.7 × 333.1+0.3 × 120.4=233.17+36.12=269.3mm.
18, volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat development of grain phase.
Total supplementary irrigation water of the winter wheat sowing to needed for during the development of grain phase is calculated with formula (12) first:
Ity2=-1.2039Wy2+ 382.42=-1.2039 × 269.3+382.42=58.2mm；
Volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated with formula (13) again:
Iy2=Ity2-Is-Ips-Iy1=58.2-0-0-26.0=32.2mm.
Due to 32.2mm < 60mm, then the volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount I of the present embodimenty2For 32.2mm.
Use the wheat and corn whole year production of Shandong Agricultural University and the co-production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd
Variable rich water integration irrigation system carries out precision irrigation.
11, as shown in table 3, the present embodiment winter wheat time of infertility total supplementary irrigation water is 58.2mm, is handled with traditional border irrigation
It compares, the time of infertility water-saving 66.2mm, water-saving 662 cubic metres of per hectare, increases production 185.3 kilograms.
The 3 on-demand supplementary irrigation of winter wheat of the embodiment of the present invention of table and traditional border irrigation time of infertility irrigation quantity and yield comparison
Claims (1)
1. a kind of on-demand supplementary irrigation saving irrigation model method of winter wheat, it is characterised in that be the growth according to winter wheat different growth stage
Feature and demand to moisture, setting keep a full stand of seedings water, promote strong water, stable yields water and volume increase four supplementary irrigation water of water；The tool of four supplementary irrigation water
It is as follows that body implements time, required supplementary irrigation water and supplementary irrigation method:
1) in winter wheat plantation field installation rainfall data acquisition and distance transmission system, for obtaining in During Growing Period of Winter Wheat
Precipitation data；The described rainfall data acquisition and distance transmission system include rainfall data acquisition unit, wireless transceiver and
GPRS network communication terminal equipment；The wireless transceiver is mounted on rainfall data acquisition unit, and passes through GPRS wireless network
The data of acquisition are transmitted to GPRS network communication terminal equipment by network；The every setting of the farmland 5000-10000 mus of of the acquisition of rainfall data
One measuring point；
2) it utilizes artificial acquisition soil sample and measures the soil weight and water-holding capacity with conventional method, comprising:
(1) 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil under winter wheat sowing same day sowing field earth's surface
The layer soil weight, is followed successively by ρ b0-20、ρb20-40、ρb40-60、ρb60-80、ρb80-100；
(2) the winter wheat sowing same day sows the water-holding capacity of 0-20 cm soil layer under the earth's surface of field, uses FC0-20It indicates；
The plot of long-term Winter Wheat Planted, the every 3-5 of the measurement of above each soil layer soil weight and water-holding capacity carry out primary；
3) in the winter wheat sowing same day, 0-20cm, 20- under sowing field earth's surface are acquired using Portable soil moisture analyzer
40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer soil volumetric water content, successively use θv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、
θv-60-80、θv-80-100It indicates；
4) conversion of Portable soil moisture analyzer determination data；
0-20cm, 20-40cm under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface Portable soil moisture analyzer measured with formula (1),
The soil volumetric water content of 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer is scaled mass water content of soil:
θcm-i-j =θv-i-j /ρbi-j(1)
In the formula (1), θcm-i-jThe soil quality of i-j cm soil layer under the winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface obtained for conversion
Water content, unit %, θv-i-jFor the soil volumetric water content of i-j cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface, unit %；ρ
bi-jFor the soil weight of i-j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit is g cm-3；θv-0-20、θv-20-40、θv-40-60、θv-60-80With
θv-80-1000-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm soil layer under earth's surface are respectively obtained after converting
θcm-0-20、θcm-20-40、θcm-40-60、θcm-60-80And θcm-80-100；
5) 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100cm under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface are calculated separately out with formula (2)
The soils remediation technolgy of soil layer:
Si-j=0.1×H×ρbi-j×θcm-i-j(2)
In the formula (2), Si-jFor the soils remediation technolgy of i-j cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface, unit mm；
H is i-j cm the thickness of the layer under earth's surface, unit cm；ρbi-jFor the soil weight of i-j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit g
cm-3；θcm-i-jFor the mass water content of soil of i-j cm soil layer under earth's surface, unit %；
The soils remediation technolgy of 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100cm soil layer under the earth's surface be calculated by formula (2)
Respectively S0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100；
6) soil relative water content of 0-20 cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):
θr-0-20=θcm-0-20×100 / FC0-20(3)
θ in the formula (3)r-0-20It is single for the soil relative water content of 0-20 cm soil layer under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface
Position is %；θcm-0-20For above-mentioned steps 4) mass water content of soil of 0-20 cm soil layer under the obtained earth's surface of conversion；FC0-20It is upper
State step 2 artificial sample and with conventional method measure earth's surface under 0-20 cm soil layer water-holding capacity；
7) according to the θ on the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20The size of numerical value judges whether to need the supplementary irrigation after winter wheat sowing to keep a full stand of seedings
Water；
As the θ on the winter wheat sowing same dayr-0-20Value is not necessarily to supplementary irrigation when being greater than 60%, when being less than or equal to 60%, is then calculated with formula (4)
Keep a full stand of seedings water supplementary irrigation amount:
Is=0.4901θcm-0-20 2-16.412θcm-0-20+ 173.29 (4)
I in the formula (4)sFor water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, unit mm；θcm-0-20For 0-20 under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface
The mass water content of soil of cm soil layer, unit %；
Water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings is no more than 60 mm；
8) winter wheat sowing obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit calculates this period to the precipitation data of overwintering period
Gross precipitation Pps；
9) by above-mentioned steps 5) S that is calculated0-20And S20-40Addition obtains 0-40 cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy S under earth's surface0-40；
10) the root layer main effect water supply of winter wheat sowing to overwintering period is calculated with formula (5):
Wps=S0-40+ Is +Pps(5)
W in the formula (5)psFor the root layer main effect water supply of winter wheat sowing to overwintering period, unit mm；S0-40For the winter
0-40 cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy, unit mm under wheat cultivation same day earth's surface；IsFor water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings, unit mm；Pps
To sow to the gross precipitation of overwintering period, unit mm；
11) in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WpsThe size of numerical value judges whether that supplementary irrigation is needed to promote strong water；
Work as WpsValue be more than or equal to 150 mm, though or lower than 150 mm the two difference less than 5 mm when, be not necessarily to supplementary irrigation；Work as WpsValue
Lower than 150 mm, and when the difference of the two is more than or equal to 5 mm, is then calculated with formula (6) and promotees strong water supplementary irrigation amount:
Ips=150-Wps (6)
I in the formula (6)psTo promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount, unit mm；
Promote strong water supplementary irrigation amount and is no more than 60 mm；
12) winter wheat sowing obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit is calculated during this period to the precipitation data during jointing
Gross precipitation Py1；
13) winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect water supply during jointing with formula (7):
Wy1=S0-40+ Py1(7)
W in the formula (7)y1For winter wheat sowing to the natural main effect water supply during jointing, unit mm；S0-40For the winter
0-40 cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy, unit mm under wheat cultivation same day earth's surface；Py1For sowing to total precipitation during jointing
Amount, unit mm；
14) stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat jointing stage；
If the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of water and the rush of keeping a full stand of seedings is 0 mm, stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated with formula (8):
Iy1=-0.6829 Wy1+ 173.17 (8)
I in the formula (8)y1For stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount, unit mm；
If water supplementary irrigation amount of keeping a full stand of seedings promotees strong water supplementary irrigation amount greater than 0 mm, sowing first is calculated to jointing stage institute with formula (9)
The total supplementary irrigation water needed:
Ity1=-0.534 Wy1+ 178.09 (9)
I in the formula (9)ty1For sowing to total supplementary irrigation water needed for the jointing stage, unit mm；
Stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated with formula (10) again:
Iy1= Ity1-Is- Ips(10)
I in the formula (10)y1、IsAnd IpsRespectively stable yields water, keep a full stand of seedings water and the strong water supplementary irrigation amount of rush, unit mm；
15) winter wheat sowing obtained using rainfall data acquisition unit is calculated to the precipitation data during the development of grain phase
The gross precipitation P of this periody2；
16) above-mentioned steps 5 are utilized) S that is calculated0-20、S20-40、S40-60、S60-80And S80-100, 0-100 is calculated by adduction
Cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy S0-100；
17) winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect water supply during the development of grain phase with formula (11):
Wy2=0.7 S0-100+0.3 Py2(11)
W in the formula (11)y2For winter wheat sowing to the natural main effect water supply during the development of grain phase, unit mm；
S0-100For 0-100 cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy, unit mm under winter wheat sowing same day earth's surface；Py2For sowing to development of grain
Gross precipitation during phase, unit mm；
18) volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated in the winter wheat development of grain phase；
Total supplementary irrigation water of the winter wheat sowing to needed for during the development of grain phase is calculated with formula (12) first:
Ity2=-1.2039 Wy2+ 382.42 (12)
I in the formula (12)ty2For total supplementary irrigation water of the winter wheat sowing to needed for during the development of grain phase, unit mm；
Volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is calculated with formula (13) again:
Iy2= Ity2-Is- Ips-Iy1(13)
I in the formula (13)y2、Is、IpsAnd Iy1Respectively increase production water, water of keeping a full stand of seedings, promote strong water and stable yields water supplementary irrigation amount, unit
For mm；
Volume increase water supplementary irrigation amount is no more than 60 mm.
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| CN103493715A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-08 | 中国农业大学 | Irrigation control method and system based on crop root zone soil moisture and root distribution |
| CN104322353A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-02-04 | 河南省新乡市农业科学院 | Root layer moisture monitoring-based winter wheat regulated deficit irrigation method |
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| CN103493715A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-08 | 中国农业大学 | Irrigation control method and system based on crop root zone soil moisture and root distribution |
| CN104322353A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-02-04 | 河南省新乡市农业科学院 | Root layer moisture monitoring-based winter wheat regulated deficit irrigation method |
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