CN106680338A - Sampling calculating method of tobacco-planting soil acidification degree and acidized soil improvement method - Google Patents
Sampling calculating method of tobacco-planting soil acidification degree and acidized soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sampling calculating method of tobacco-planting soil acidification degree. The method includes steps of (1), confirming a testing point; (2), excavating a sampling pit; (3), confirming a sampling level; (4), sampling every sampling layer; (5), testing pH value of the soil sample; (6), determining every level of sample above the middle part of the pit as the sample of a plough layer; taking the sampling layer in the middle part of the pit as the sample of the transition layer, and taking samples as the reference data; taking the sample of every sampling layer beneath the middle part of the pit as a bottom layer sample; (7), calculation of acidification layer. Through classifying the sample of every soil layer, the influence ranges of ecological condition, farming, fertilizing and other change factors on pH value are confirmed, the influence range of soil mother rock, vegetation type and other fixing factors on the pH value are determined, thereby providing exact basis for the calculation of the acidification layer. Compared with the regular method such as sampling calculating method or testing method in calendar years, the application method is more exact, and more capable of preventing and controlling soil acidification.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to tobacco-growing soil acidifying Control Technology field, and in particular to a kind of sampling measuring and calculating of tobacco-growing soil acidifying
The sampling measuring method and conditioner for acidified soil method of method, particularly tobacco-growing soil acidizing degree.
Background technology：
Soil is the carrier of tobacco growing.Soil acidity or alkalinity is the key character of soil physical and chemical property, general sound tobacco
, 5.5 to 6.5, subacidity soil is beneficial to the growth promoter of Nicotiana tabacum L. and the formation of fine quality for production requirement soil pH.But soil
Peracid not only has detrimental effect to soil quality, and then has also influenced whether tobacco growing development and the raising of quality；Before
People's research finds that Cultivated Land In Hunan Province soil acidification area has accounted for the 72.6% of the whole province's area, while there is becoming for further acidifying
Gesture (Agriculture in Hunan science, 2013 (1)：56-59,60.)；And at present the tobacco grower of cigarette district only payes attention to the administration of chemical fertilizer, ignore organic
The administration of fertilizer, ignores the child care of soil, though ensure that the yield of flue-cured tobacco, there is also problems with：
1st, tobacco-growing soil acidifying has serious trend, and rhizome disease is increasingly severe.
2nd, it is acidified under serious conditions, flue cured tobacco quality cannot be guaranteed.
3rd, acidifying seriously causes utilization rate of fertilizer low.
4th, soil acidification affects the normal growth development of crop root.
5th, soil acidification improves heavy metal ion activation grade, promotes the absorption of cigarette strain, and content of beary metal increases in blade
Plus, quality of tobacco and safety are had adverse effect on.
6th, the soil pH value that the foundation of acidifying prevention and control at present is mainly determined, only represents the Acidity of soil, can not
The acidizing degree of soil is represented, though the annual pH value difference that location test for many years is determined reflects some features of acidification, each year
Ecological condition, the fertilising difference such as situation and state of cultivation, the poor accuracy of measuring and calculating causes control effect undesirable.
For practical prevention and control soil acidification, rhizome disease is reduced, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, promote tobacco growth, improve Nicotiana tabacum L.
Quality and safety, in the urgent need to seeking a kind of sampling measuring method of tobacco-growing soil acidizing degree.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is tied for the deficiencies in the prior art and according to scientific research in recent years and to tobacco-growing soil investigation
Really, there is provided can Accurate Determining soil acidification degree so that can effective prevention and control soil acidification sampling measuring method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following ways：A kind of sampling measuring method of soil acidification degree, including
Following steps：
(1) measuring point is determined：Soil in crop (such as flue-cured tobacco) rhizome disease generating region determines measuring point, it is preferable that
The infection center of crop (such as flue-cured tobacco) rhizome disease generating region determines one plant or many plants of crops (such as 1-3 strains crop), in water
Square upwards apart from crop basal part of stem 5-50cm, measuring point is determined at preferred 10-25cm；
(2) sampling hole is excavated：Depth 90-120cm, more preferably preferred 100cm-120cm, 100- are excavated centered on measuring point
Cube hole body of 110cm；
(3) sampling level is determined：Bottom from soil surface to hole body determine from it is shallow to it is deep it is multiple (such as 8-15, it is excellent
Select 10-12) sampling layer；
(4) each sampling layer is sampled；
(5) measure pH value is sent to soil sample；
(6) each level sample more than hole middle part is set to into arable layer sample；Sampling layer in the middle part of hole is used as transition zone sample
Product, make reference data；The sample of each sampling layer below the middle part of hole is bottom sample；
(7) it is acidified depth to calculate：Acidifying depth (%)=[(each sampling level sample pH value sum below the middle part of hole) ÷ holes
The sampling number of plies more than the sampling number of plies below middle part-(each sampling level sample pH value sum more than hole middle part) ÷ holes middle part]
÷ [the sampling number of plies below (each sampling level sample pH value sum below the middle part of hole) ÷ holes middle part] × 100
(8) it is acidified depth to judge：Acidifying depth (%) is higher, is acidified more serious.Specifically, being acidified depth is>10% and
It is the medium acidifying level of soil less than 20%；Acidifying layer degree≤10%, is slight acidifying level；Acidifying Ceng Du≤20%, is tight
Reacidifying level.
The present invention further includes method of the acidifying depth level determined according to more than to conditioner for acidified soil, wherein,
For acidifying depth is>10% and less than 20%, using winter planting's green manure, crop (flue-cured tobacco) transplant before 10-30 days, for example
Ploughing in green manure in 20-30 days and Calx, then ground moistening ridging epiphragma is transplanted after the rainy day, and green manure fresh grass turns over the amount of burying for 500-
2000kg/ mus, preferred 1000-1600kg/ mus, more preferably from about 1500kg/ mus, Calx be 80-120kg/ mus, preferred 90-
110kg/ mus, more preferably from about 100kg/ mus；
For acidifying Ceng Du≤10%, apply alkaline fertilizer or physiological alkaline fertilizer to replace acidic fertilizier or physiological phenomenon
Fertilizer；
For acidifying Ceng Du≤20%, soil improvement is carried out.
Soil improvement includes any one of in the following manner：
(1) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies quick lime 80-120kg, and preferred 100kg quick lime, summer sowing is beautiful
Rice, sows green manure after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields 40-60kg, and preferred 50kg quick lime, summer sowing is baked
Cigarette, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw is also sowed behind field on the spot green
Fertilizer；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(2) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies charcoal 200-600kg, preferred 400kg charcoals, summer sowing
Semen Maydiss, sow green manure after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies charcoal 200-600kg, and preferred 400kg is biological
Charcoal, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw went back on the spot field
After sow green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(3) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies tobacco rod ash 150-500kg, preferred 300kg tobacco rods ash, summer sowing
Semen Maydiss, sow green manure after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies tobacco rod ash 150-500kg, preferred 300kg tobacco rods
Ash, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw went back on the spot field
After sow green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(4) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies acid soil improving agent 50-100kg, preferred 80kg acid soils
Earth modifying agent, summer sowing Semen Maydiss sow green manure after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies acid soil improving agent
50-100kg, preferred 80kg acid soil improving agents, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, the winter
Green manure is planted, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(5) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu liming, tobacco rod ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent are mixed
Compound (1:2.0-3.0:2.0-3.0:0.1-0.4, preferably 1:2.5:2.5:0.2) 80-400kg, preferred 250kg Calx, tobacco rod
Ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent mixture, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, sow green manure after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind is green
Fertilizer, mu liming, tobacco rod ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent mixture (1:2.0-3.0:2.0-3.0:0.1-0.4, it is excellent
1:2.5:2.5:0.2) 80-400kg, preferred 250kg Calx, tobacco rod ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent mixture, summer sowing
Flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw is also sowed behind field on the spot green
Fertilizer；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco.
Acid soil improving agent can adopt commercial acid soil improving agent, or according to patented method such as Chinese patent
201610453697.7,201610393478.4,201510963319.9,201410487549.8,201410434204.6 etc.
The acid soil improving agent of preparation.
In a detailed embodiment, a kind of sampling measuring method of tobacco-growing soil acidizing degree, comprises the following steps：
(1) measuring point is determined：Infection center in crop (flue-cured tobacco) rhizome disease generating region determines 1-3 strain crops (flue-cured tobacco),
Determine measuring point at basal part of stem 10-25cm in the horizontal direction；
(2) sampling hole is excavated：Long 80-120cm, 30-50 centimetre of width are excavated centered on measuring point, deep 110cm-120cm's
Cube hole body, as shown in Figure 1；
(3) sampling level is determined：Respectively by from tobacco-growing soil surface vertical dimension 0,10,20,30,40,50,60,
70th, 80,90,100 centimetres determine 11 layers of layer of sampling, as shown in Figure 2；
(4) each layer sampling method：(for example using trowel craft) smart soil sampling, hole on the equal pitch contour face of each level in sampling hole
Bottom spreads sampler (such as plastic bag) to collect whereabouts soil sample, as shown in Figure 3；
(5) soil sample send soil test inspection center to determine pH value；
(6) sample and analysis data are classified：0th, 10,20,30,40cm level samples are set to arable layer sample；50cm was
Cross layer (plough sole 40-50cm)) sample, make reference data；60th, 70,80,90,100 centimetres of soil are bottom (subsoil 60-
100cm) sample；
(7) it is acidified depth to calculate：Acidifying depth (%)=[(60cm level sample pH value+70cm level sample pH value+80cm layers
Secondary sample pH value+90cm levels sample pH value+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5-(0cm level sample pH value+10cm level sample pH values+
20cm level sample pH value+30cm level sample pH value+40cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5] ÷ [(60cm level sample pH value+70cm levels
Sample pH value+80cm level sample pH value+90cm level sample pH value+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5] × 100
(8) it is acidified depth to judge：Acidifying depth (%) is higher, is acidified more serious.Specifically, being acidified depth is>10% and
It is the medium acidifying level of soil less than 20%；Acidifying layer degree≤10%, is slight acidifying level；Acidifying Ceng Du≤20%, is tight
Reacidifying level.
Further preferably scheme is：
(1) measuring point is determined：Infection center in crop (flue-cured tobacco) rhizome disease generating region determines 1 plant of crop (flue-cured tobacco),
In horizontal direction at basal part of stem 12cm determine measuring point；
(2) sampling hole is excavated：Long 90cm, wide 30 centimetres, cube hole body of deep 110cm are excavated centered on measuring point；
(3) sampling level is determined：Respectively by from tobacco-growing soil surface vertical dimension 0,10,20,30,40,50,60,
70th, 80,90,100 centimetres determine 11 layers of layer of sampling；
(4) each layer sampling method：With the manual soil sampling smart on the equal pitch contour face of each level in sampling hole of trowel, cheat bottom paving and take
Sample plastic bag is collecting whereabouts soil sample；
(5) soil sample send soil test inspection center to determine pH value；
(6) each level sample classification：0th, 10,20,30,40cm level samples are set to arable layer sample；50cm is transition zone
Sample, makees reference data；60th, 70,80,90,100 centimetres of soil bottom samples；
(7) it is acidified depth to calculate：Acidifying depth (%)=【(60cm level sample pH value+70cm level sample pH value+80cm layers
Secondary sample pH value+90cm levels sample pH value+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5-(0cm level sample pH value+10cm level sample pH values+
20cm level sample pH value+30cm level sample pH value+40cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5】÷【(60cm level sample pH value+70cm levels
Sample pH value+80cm level sample pH value+90cm level sample pH value+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5】×100
(8) it is acidified depth to judge：Acidifying depth (%) is higher, is acidified more serious.Being acidified depth is>10% and it is less than
20%, it is the medium acidifying level of soil；Acidifying layer degree≤10%, is slight acidifying level；Acidifying Ceng Du≤20%, is serious acid
Change level.
The sampling measuring method energy Accurate Determining tobacco-growing soil acidifying journey of tobacco-growing soil acidizing degree provided by the present invention
Degree, compared with the conventional soil sampling of current scientific research institutions or cigarette district surveys the sampling measuring method of pH value, it is advantageous that：
1st, depth selection is more accurate, and conventional method depth selection differs or depth selection is inaccurate.
2nd, it is layered the more conventional method sampling of sub-sampling more accurately, the pH value of different levels is different.
3rd, it is more much higher than conventional method depth selection, reach at soil bottom 100cm, conventional method is generally 0-20cm
It is deep, therefore the present invention, pedotheque is more representative.
4th, by classifying to each soil layer sample, it is determined that the changed factor such as ecological condition, farming, fertilising is to pH
The coverage of value, it is determined that coverage of the immobilisation factor such as soil parent rock and vegetation pattern to pH value, is acidifying depth meter
Calculate and accurate foundation is provided.
5th, the application method samples measuring method than conventional method or assay method over the years is accurately more, more can effectively prevention and control
Soil acidification.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is sampling hole schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 samples level schematic diagram to determine；
Fig. 3 is sampling method schematic diagram.
The long A in sampling hole1：Sampling hole width B1：Sampling hole depth C1：Sampling level surface D2, hierarchy distance is C2, sample plastic bag
In hole bottom D3。
Specific embodiment
Acidity assaying method
First, method summary
It is, by pH glass electrodes and calomel electrode insertion soil supension or leachate, to survey using Potentiometric Determination soil pH
Fixed its electromotive force value, then it is converted into pH value.Determine on acidometer, pH value can be then directly read after standard solution definite value.
Impact of the water and soil ratio to pH value is larger, and the impact particularly with calacareous soil dilution effect is more notable, to take little water
Native ratio is advisable, and this law regulation soil pH is 1:1 water and soil ratio.
2nd, range of application this method is applied to the measure of all kinds of soil pH values.
3rd, key instrument equipment
1. acidometer；
2. pH glass electrodes；
3. saturated calomel electrode；
4. agitator.
4th, reagent
1. pH4.01 (25 DEG C) standard buffer solution:Weigh the phthalic diformazan potassium hydrogen phthalate of 110~120 DEG C of 2~3h of drying of Jing
10.21 are dissolved in water, in moving into 1L volumetric flasks, use water constant volume, store in polyethylene bottle；
2. pH6.87 (25 DEG C) standard buffer solution:Weigh the disodium hydrogen phosphate of 110~130 DEG C of 2~3h of drying of Jing
3.533g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.388g are dissolved in water, in moving into 1L volumetric flasks, use water constant volume, store in polyethylene bottle；
3. pH9.18 (25 DEG C) standard buffer solution:Weigh Borax (Na2B4O710H2O) 3.800g of Jing Balance Treatments
It is dissolved in without CO2Water, move into 1L volumetric flasks in, use water constant volume, store in polyethylene bottle；The Balance Treatment of Borax:Borax is placed on
Fill the exsiccator inner equilibrium two of sucrose and Sal saturated aqueous solution round the clock；
4. the distilled water of CO2 is removed.
5th, analytical procedure
1. instrument calibration:Various pH meters and potentiometric using method are not the same, the process of electrode and the use of instrument
Carry out by instrument description.Prepare liquid and standard buffer solution are transferred to into same temperature, and temperature compensator is transferred to into the temperature
Value.When being rectified an instrument with standard buffer solution, the mark differed with institute test specimens pH value less than 2 pH units is first inserted electrodes into
Quasi- buffer solution, starts read switch, and it is just the pH value of titer to adjust localizer and make reading, and being repeated several times makes reading steady
It is fixed.Take out electrode to clean, with filter paper bar suck dry moisture, in being inserted into second standard buffer solution, allow between two titers
Deviation 0.1pH unit, as answered inspection apparatus electrode or titer whether problematic more than if.After instrument calibration is errorless, Fang Keyong
In determination sample.
2. the measure of soil infusion pH:Weigh by the air-dried sample 20g (being accurate to 0.1g) of 2mm aperture sieves in 50ml
In beaker in tall form, plus the water 20ml of removal CO2,1min is stirred with agitator, make grogs fully dispersed, place is carried out after 30min
Determine.Insert electrodes in prepare liquid and (notice that glass electrode ball bubble bottom is located under native liquid interface, calomel electrode insertion top is clear
Liquid), it is shaken gently for beaker to remove the moisture film on electrode, promote its Fast-Balance, in static a moment, read switch is pressed, continue
Number writes down pH value when stable.Read switch is decontroled, electrode is taken out, is cleaned with water, with the can be carried out after filter paper article suck dry moisture
The measure of two samples.Often survey needs to be positioned with standard fluid inspection after 5~6 samples.
As Figure 1-3, the present invention is according to the long A in sampling hole180 centimetres are cheated width B with sampling130 centimetres：Sampling hole is deep
C1110 centimetres determining sampling pit-size；By hierarchy distance C2(10cm) and D2(0cm) apart from 10cm, by that analogy, it is determined that
0th, 11 layers of sampling level such as 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100 centimetres；D3Sampling depth of the plastic bag at hole bottom is
110cm, determines sampling mode.
Embodiment
Organic and inorganic collaboration ecological regulation and control soil pH technical research
1. depth measuring and calculating is acidified：Choosing representative 52 points of soil in the county of Quanzhou 7 carries out being acidified depth measuring and calculating, is acidified depth
(%)=【(60cm level sample pH value+70cm level sample pH value+80cm level sample pH value+90cm level sample pH value+100cm levels
Sample pH value) ÷ 5-(0cm level sample pH value+10cm level sample pH value+20cm level sample pH value+30cm level sample pH value+40cm
Level sample pH value) ÷ 5】÷【(60cm level sample pH value+70cm level sample pH value+80cm level sample pH value+90cm level samples
PH+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5】× 100, soil sample acidifying depth (%) serious (≤20%) 10, medium (10-
20%) 6, slight (≤10%) 36, to be studied according to forefathers, acidified soil crop pest is serious, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, needs
Carry out soil improvement.Therefore carry out Upgrading in the serious soil spy of acidifying depth.Acidifying depth is 10-20%, is medium
Level, it is proposed that winter planting's green manure, ploughing in green manure in 20-30 days and Calx before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, then ground moistening rises after the rainy day
Ridge epiphragma is transplanted, and it is 1500kg/ mus that green manure fresh grass turns over the amount of burying, and Calx is 100kg/ mus；Acidifying Ceng Du≤10%, be slight water
It is flat, it is proposed that to apply alkaline fertilizer or physiological alkaline fertilizer to replace acidic fertilizier or physiological acidic fertilizer；Acidifying Ceng Du≤20%
, it is severe level, soil improvement need to be carried out, carry out following soil improvement method test.
2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
(1) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies quick lime 100kg, and summer sowing Semen Maydiss are broadcast after maize straw
Plant green manure；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields 50kg quick lime, and summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；
3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(2) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies charcoal 400kg, and summer sowing Semen Maydiss are broadcast after maize straw
Plant green manure；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies charcoal 400kg, and summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；The
3 years, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(3) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies tobacco rod ash 300kg, and summer sowing Semen Maydiss are broadcast after maize straw
Plant green manure；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies tobacco rod ash 300kg, and summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；The
3 years, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(4) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies acid soil improving agent 80kg, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, corn straw
Also sow green manure behind field；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies acid soil improving agent 80kg, and summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot
Green manure is sowed behind field；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure,
Summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(5) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu liming, tobacco rod ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent are mixed
Compound (1:2.5:2.5:0.2) 250kg, summer sowing Semen Maydiss sow green manure after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu is applied
Calx, tobacco rod ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent mixture (1:2.5:2.5:0.2) 250kg, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw
Stalk is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；4th year,
Winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco.
Wherein, acid soil improving agent is prepared according to the formula of embodiment 1 in patent 201610393478.4.
3. test site：Assay method of the present invention and improved effect research is divided to study with conventional determining method and improved effect
Two pieces of experimental plots.
4. detection project
1) Soil K+adsorption：Annual detection 2 times, before spring, autumn crop season.Determine soil physical and chemical property (organic matter, pH, alkali
Solution nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, the soil weight, porosity and moisture content) and soil exchangeable acid, water-disintegrable acid, exchangeable base
Total amount, Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils.
2) Biomass detection.
3) material stream of different reclamation patterns, energy stream and value stream analysis.Mainly record not of the same race under each reclamation pattern
Plant fertilizer applications, apply fertilizer mass content and pricing information, seed seedling and pesticide dosage, crop and straw yield etc.
Material input and output situation；Seed, pesticide, machinery, recruitment, fertilizer, rent of soil, agricultural film and baking in Different Crop production
Deng value input, the yield and the market price of Different Crop；Power, oil consumption, the workload of farm machinery in every farming operation
And seed, pesticide, fertilizer, agricultural film, electric power and people's animal power such as consume at the Farmland Energy input condition, for analyzing different reclamation patterns
Material stream, energy stream and monetary value flow.
4) impact of the different reclamation patterns to tobacco production and value amount
Record each cell yield of tobacco, the output value, first-class cigarette, medium grade cigarette, inferior cigarette ratio.Take after baking terminates roasting
Afterwards sample B2F, C3F, detects and evaluates presentation quality, physical characteristics, routine chemical componentses.
The soil aciditiy pH value that conventional method is determined is 5.64, the mode of ameliorating of employing：Fiery soil is applied within 20-30 days before transplanting
Grey 300kg/ mus and plant ash 400kg/ mus；The soil acidification depth value that the method according to the invention is determined is 22.3%, is belonged to
Severe acidification level, divides five areas, using above-mentioned 5 kinds of mode of ameliorating, applies within 20-30 days before transplanting, and measurement result is 5 kinds
Method meansigma methodss, without significant difference between the measurement result of five kinds of processing modes, are significantly better than that conventional determining and modification method.
Concrete check and inspection test data
Yield of tobacco quality and its composition compare after the different acidizing degree assay methods of table 1 and improvement
Pest and disease damage incidence rate and laxative recruitment after the different acidizing degree assay methods of table 2 and improvement is compared
Note：Plant height, the number of blade in table 1, weight per leaf are that two kinds of assay methods respectively take 5 sample points by 3 repetitions, per point
10 plants, totally 150 plants of survey result；Upper medium grade cigarette ratio, average price, per mu yield, per mu yield value are two kinds of assay method field reality
The result that results are paid.
Pest and disease damage incidence rate in table 2 is to harvest front field actual observation result after pinching.
Result in sum shows, compared with conventional determining method and improved effect, assay method of the present invention and improvement
Effect had both reduced the generation of the diseases such as rhizome disease and leaf spot, and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are improve again.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of sampling measuring method of soil acidification degree, comprises the following steps：
(1) measuring point is determined：Soil in crop (such as flue-cured tobacco) rhizome disease generating region determines measuring point, preferably in crop
The infection center of (such as flue-cured tobacco) rhizome disease generating region determines one plant or many plants of crops (such as 1-3 strains crop), in level side
Upwards apart from crop basal part of stem 5-50cm, measuring point is determined at preferred 10-25cm；
(2) sampling hole is excavated：Depth 90-120cm, more preferably preferred 100cm-120cm, 100- are excavated centered on measuring point
Cube hole body of 110cm；
(3) sampling level is determined：Bottom from soil surface to hole body determine from it is shallow to it is deep it is multiple (such as 8-15, preferably
10-12) sampling layer；
(4) each sampling layer is sampled；
(5) measure pH value is sent to soil sample；
(6) each level sample more than hole middle part is set to into arable layer sample；Sampling layer in the middle part of hole is made as transition zone sample
Reference data；The sample of each sampling layer below the middle part of hole is bottom sample；
(7) it is acidified depth to calculate：Acidifying depth (%)=[(each sampling level sample pH value sum below the middle part of hole) ÷ holes middle part
The sampling the number of plies more than following sampling number of plies-(each sampling level sample pH value sum more than hole middle part) ÷ holes middle part] ÷
[the sampling number of plies below (each sampling level sample pH value sum below the middle part of hole) ÷ holes middle part] × 100；
(8) it is acidified depth to judge：Acidifying depth (%) value is bigger, is acidified more serious.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein acidifying depth judges to judge as follows：Being acidified depth is>
10% and less than 20%, it is the medium acidifying level of soil；Acidifying layer degree≤10%, is slight acidifying level；Acidifying Ceng Du≤
20%, it is severe acidification level.
3. a kind of sampling measuring method of tobacco-growing soil acidizing degree, comprises the following steps：
(1) measuring point is determined：Infection center in crop (flue-cured tobacco) rhizome disease generating region determines 1-3 strain crops (flue-cured tobacco),
In horizontal direction at basal part of stem 10-25cm determine measuring point；
(2) sampling hole is excavated：Long 80-120cm, 30-50 centimetre of width are excavated centered on measuring point, deep 110cm-120cm's is vertical
Side hole body；
(3) sampling level is determined：Respectively by from tobacco-growing soil surface vertical dimension 0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,
80th, 90,100 centimetres determine 11 layers of layer of sampling；
(4) each layer sampling method：The smart soil sampling on the equal pitch contour face of each level in sampling hole, hole bottom paving sampler (is for example moulded
Pocket) collecting whereabouts soil sample；
(5) soil sample send soil test inspection center to determine pH value；
(6) sample and analysis data are classified：0th, 10,20,30,40cm level samples are set to arable layer sample；50cm is transition zone
(plough sole 40-50cm)) sample, make reference data；60th, 70,80,90,100 centimetres of soil are bottom (subsoil 60-100cm)
Sample；
(7) it is acidified depth to calculate：Acidifying depth (%)=[(60cm level sample pH value+70cm level sample pH value+80cm level samples
Product pH+90cm level sample pH value+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5-(0cm level sample pH value+10cm level sample pH value+20cm layers
Secondary sample pH value+30cm levels sample pH value+40cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5] ÷ [(60cm level sample pH value+70cm level sample pH values+
80cm level sample pH value+90cm level sample pH value+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5] × 100
(8) it is acidified depth to judge：Acidifying depth value>10% and less than 20%, it is the medium acidifying level of soil；Acidifying depth Zhi≤
10%, it is slight acidifying level；Acidifying depth Zhi≤20%, is severe acidification level.
4. a kind of sampling measuring method of tobacco-growing soil acidizing degree, comprises the following steps：
(1) measuring point is determined：Infection center in crop (flue-cured tobacco) rhizome disease generating region determines 1 plant of crop (flue-cured tobacco), in water
Determine measuring point at basal part of stem 12cm square upwards；
(2) sampling hole is excavated：Long 90cm, wide 30 centimetres, cube hole body of deep 110cm are excavated centered on measuring point；
(3) sampling level is determined：Respectively by from tobacco-growing soil surface vertical dimension 0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,
80th, 90,100 centimetres determine 11 layers of layer of sampling；
(4) each layer sampling method：With the manual soil sampling smart on the equal pitch contour face of each level in sampling hole of trowel, the paving sampling modeling of hole bottom
Pocket is collecting whereabouts soil sample；
(5) soil sample send soil test inspection center to determine pH value；
(6) each level sample classification：0th, 10,20,30,40cm level samples are set to arable layer sample；50cm is transition zone sample,
Make reference data；60th, 70,80,90,100 centimetres of soil bottom samples；
(7) it is acidified depth to calculate：Acidifying depth (%)=【(60cm level sample pH value+70cm level sample pH value+80cm level samples
Product pH+90cm level sample pH value+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5-(0cm level sample pH value+10cm level sample pH value+20cm layers
Secondary sample pH value+30cm levels sample pH value+40cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5】÷【(60cm level sample pH value+70cm level sample pH values+
80cm level sample pH value+90cm level sample pH value+100cm level sample pH values) ÷ 5】×100
(8) it is acidified depth to judge：Acidifying depth value>10% and less than 20%, it is the medium acidifying level of soil；Acidifying depth Zhi≤
10%, it is slight acidifying level；Acidifying depth Zhi≤20%, is severe acidification level.
5. side of the acidifying depth level that the method according to any one of claim 1-4 is determined to conditioner for acidified soil
Method, wherein, for acidifying depth value>10% and less than 20%, using winter planting's green manure, crop (flue-cured tobacco) transplant before 10-30
My god, ploughing in green manure in such as 20-30 days and Calx, then ground moistening ridging epiphragma is transplanted after the rainy day, and green manure fresh grass turns over the amount of burying
For 500-2000kg/ mus, preferred 1000-1600kg/ mus, more preferably from about 1500kg/ mus, Calx is 80-120kg/ mus, preferably
90-110kg/ mus, more preferably from about 100kg/ mus；
For acidifying depth Zhi≤10%, apply alkaline fertilizer or physiological alkaline fertilizer to replace acidic fertilizier or physiological phenomenon fertilizer
Material；
For acidifying depth Zhi≤20%, soil improvement is carried out.
6. method according to claim 5, soil improvement includes any one of in the following manner：
(1) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies quick lime 80-120kg, preferred 100kg quick lime, summer sowing Semen Maydiss,
Green manure is sowed after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu spreads fertilizer over the fields 40-60kg, preferred 50kg quick lime, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco,
Flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；The
4 years, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(2) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies charcoal 200-600kg, preferred 400kg charcoals, summer sowing Semen Maydiss,
Green manure is sowed after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies charcoal 200-600kg, preferred 400kg charcoals, summer
Flue-cured tobacco is planted, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and is sowed
Green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(3) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies tobacco rod ash 150-500kg, and preferred 300kg tobacco rods are grey, summer sowing Semen Maydiss,
Green manure is sowed after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies tobacco rod ash 150-500kg, preferred 300kg tobacco rods ash, summer
Flue-cured tobacco is planted, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and is sowed
Green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(4) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu applies acid soil improving agent 50-100kg, and preferred 80kg acid grounds change
Good dose, summer sowing Semen Maydiss sow green manure after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu applies acid soil improving agent 50-
100kg, preferred 80kg acid soil improving agents, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind
Green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；4th year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco；
(5) First Year, winter kind green manure, green manure of turning over, mu liming, tobacco rod ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent mixture
(1:2.0-3.0:2.0-3.0:0.1-0.4, excellent 1:2.5:2.5:0.2) 80-400kg, preferred 250kg Calx, tobacco rod ash, biology
Charcoal and acid soil improving agent mixture, summer sowing Semen Maydiss sow green manure after maize straw；Second Year, winter kind green manure, mu is applied
Calx, tobacco rod ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent mixture (1:2.0-3.0:2.0-3.0:0.1-0.4, excellent 1:2.5:
2.5:0.2) 80-400kg, preferred 250kg Calx, tobacco rod ash, charcoal and acid soil improving agent mixture, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco,
Flue-cured tobacco straw is gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；3rd year, winter kind green manure, summer sowing Semen Maydiss, straw was gone back on the spot behind field and sows green manure；The
4 years, winter kind green manure, summer sowing flue-cured tobacco.
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