CN102680659A - Method for measuring soil components in tailing area - Google Patents
Method for measuring soil components in tailing area Download PDFInfo
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- CN102680659A CN102680659A CN201110058135XA CN201110058135A CN102680659A CN 102680659 A CN102680659 A CN 102680659A CN 201110058135X A CN201110058135X A CN 201110058135XA CN 201110058135 A CN201110058135 A CN 201110058135A CN 102680659 A CN102680659 A CN 102680659A
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- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring soil components in a tailing area, which comprises the following steps: firstly, sampling soil; then the physical property, the chemical property and the biological component of the sampled soil are measured. Wherein, the soil sampling process specifically comprises: and excavating a soil section on a sampling point, layering according to the thickness of 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm, and then layering and sampling by using an aluminum box, a cutting ring and a soil bag respectively. By the method for measuring the soil components in the tailing area, reliable data can be provided for the ecological environment treatment of the tailing area, and the social, economic and environmental sustainable development of the tailing area is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental protection technical field, especially relate to the assay method of a kind of mine tailing mining area soil constituent.
Background technology
Most of mining area in China, a large amount of exploitations of mineral resources also bring serious ecological environment problem when promoting local economic development.At first, in the process of mining mineral resource, the soil on the face of land and vegetation are by havoc, and solid waste such as produced simultaneously a large amount of mine tailings, spoil cover, destroy land resource, and the contradiction that our province is had a large population and a few land is more outstanding; Secondly, because mine tailing is loose, shear resistance is poor, poor stability, the tailing dam that the mine tailing bulk deposition forms has the hidden danger existence of collapsing, coming down with the mine tailing mountain, is a huge threat to the people's of locality safety of life and property; Once more, the bulk materials that forms in the mining process forms a large amount of dust under wind action, pollutes local atmosphere, water body and soil, and state of ecological environment is constantly worsened.The a series of problem that above mining brings has had a strong impact on the sustainable development of local society, economy and environment.Therefore; Carry out the ecological management technical research of mining area degraded ecosystem; Solve a series of problems that mining mineral resource brings, development has very important significance for Chinese society to improve mining area ecological environment, and is wherein especially crucial to the mensuration of the soil constituent in mine tailing mining area.
Summary of the invention
The assay method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of mine tailing mining area soil constituent can be administered for the mine tailing mining area ecological environment authentic data is provided, and helps the sustainable development of society, economy and the environment in mine tailing mining area.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides the assay method of a kind of mine tailing mining area soil constituent, comprise the steps:
At first carry out soil sampling;
Then sampling soil is carried out the mensuration of physical property, the mensuration of chemical property and the mensuration of biotic component.
Preferably, the process of said soil sampling is specially:
On sampled point, excavate soil profile, press 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm carries out layering, carries out stratified sampling with aluminium box, cutting ring and soil bag respectively then.
Preferably, the said process that sampling soil is carried out the mensuration of physical property is specially:
Adopt core cutter method to measure the unit weight of said sampling soil;
Measure the water characteristic of said sampling soil;
Measure the pore character of said sampling soil.
Preferably, the water characteristic of the said sampling soil of said mensuration is specially:
Measure the natural moisture content of said sampling soil, measure said sampling soil 0～20cm, 20～40cm; 40～60cm, 60～80cm, 80～100cm different levels natural moisture content; Choose soil sample with the layering of aluminium box, every layer is repeated scale fresh weight respectively for three times, uses oven drying method again; Under 105 ℃, dry, calculate the soil natural water cut, average to constant weight;
Measure the field capacity of said sampling soil, said sampling soil original-state soil sample is gathered in layering, claim bright weight in wet base after; Be placed on the double dish that is lined with filter paper; Again double dish and cutting ring together are placed in the porcelain dish, inject water in the porcelain dish, on the said double dish the filter paper that fills up immerse in the water; Weigh after 24 hours, calculate field capacity in view of the above.
Measure the capillary moisture capacity of said sampling soil, gauze that has reached the water saturation state of pad is placed the cutting ring soil sample in porcelain dish, after said sampling soil original-state soil sample reaches constant weight, takes off and weighs, and calculates capillary moisture capacity.
Measure the saturation moisture content of said sampling soil,, transfer in the tank of height such as the water surface and cutting ring the cutting ring of surveying capillary moisture capacity, place 15 minutes to the cutting ring soil layer have water stain go out after, cutting ring taken out weighs, calculate saturation moisture content in view of the above.
Preferably, the pore character of the said sampling soil of said mensuration is specially:
According to mine tailing each moisture content index calculate pore characters such as corresponding capillary porosity, air porosity and total porosity.
Preferably, the said mensuration that sampling soil is carried out chemical property is specially:
Behind said sampling soil natural air drying, get the 1kg compound sample with inquartation, reject impurity such as rhizome stone, whole mistake 20 mesh sieves in levigate back calculate stone, gravel content, measure its mechanical composition;
Getting the part soil sample adopts the alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method to measure alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content;
Get the part soil sample and measure available phosphorus contents with the 0.5mol/LNaHCO3 method;
Get the part soil sample and adopt its pH value of determination of electrode;
Get the part soil sample and adopt NH
4OAc lixiviate-atomic absorption spectrophotometry is measured its quick-acting potassium content;
Get and cross 60 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt the semimicro Kjeldahl to measure total nitrogen content, adopt potassium bichromate titrimetric method-outer heating to measure its content of organic matter;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, disappear to boil with the concentrated sulphuric acid-perchloric acid and decompose oven dry, adopt its content of tatal phosphorus of molybdenum blue colorimetric method mensuration;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt hydrofluorite-nitric acid-perchloric acid WET DIGESTION-atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its full potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese content;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its chromium, copper, zinc, nickel content;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt KI-MIBK extraction atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its lead, cadmium content.
Preferably, the said mensuration that sampling soil is carried out biotic component is specially:
With 0-20cm, the 20-40cm of earth boring auger to soil sampling ground; The 40-60cm degree of depth is chosen sampling soil 500g respectively, and aseptic polybag and the common plastics bag of sealing of packing into adopts the dilution plate counting method to measure its content of microorganisms; Wherein, Method for cultivation of bacteria is selected beef-protein medium for use, and the fungal culture method is selected Ma Dingshi-rose bengal medium for use, and the actinomyces cultural method is selected No. 1 nutrient culture media of improvement Gao Shi for use;
With 0-20cm, the 20-40cm of earth boring auger to soil sampling ground; The 40-60cm degree of depth is chosen sampling soil 500g respectively; Aseptic polybag and the common plastics bag of sealing of packing into adopts its urase content of sodium phenate colorimetric method for determining, adopts its hydrogen peroxidase content of volumetric determination; Select its phosphatase content of disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method for determining for use, select its invertase content of sodium thiosulfate titration for use.
Therefore, the present invention can administer for the mine tailing mining area ecological environment authentic data is provided through the assay method of above-mentioned mine tailing mining area soil constituent, helps the sustainable development of society, economy and the environment in mine tailing mining area.
Through accompanying drawing and embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is done further detailed description below.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the assay method embodiment of mine tailing of the present invention mining area soil constituent;
Fig. 2 is a native content of organic matter comparison diagram in the sampling soil;
Fig. 3 is quick-acting nitrogen content comparison diagrams in the sampling soil;
Fig. 4 is an available phosphorus contents comparison diagram in the sampling soil;
Fig. 5 is a quick-acting potassium content comparison diagram in the sampling soil.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The invention provides the assay method of a kind of mine tailing mining area soil constituent, comprise the steps:
Wherein, the process of said soil sampling is specially:
On sampled point, excavate soil profile, press 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm carries out layering, carries out stratified sampling with aluminium box, cutting ring and soil bag respectively then.
The said process that sampling soil is carried out the mensuration of physical property is specially:
Adopt core cutter method to measure the unit weight of said sampling soil;
Measure the water characteristic of said sampling soil, be specially:
Measure the natural moisture content of said sampling soil, measure said sampling soil 0～20cm, 20～40cm; 40～60cm, 60～80cm, 80～100cm different levels natural moisture content; Choose soil sample with the layering of aluminium box, every layer is repeated scale fresh weight respectively for three times, uses oven drying method again; Under 105 ℃, dry, calculate the soil natural water cut, average to constant weight;
Measure the field capacity of said sampling soil, said sampling soil original-state soil sample is gathered in layering, claim bright weight in wet base after, be placed on the double dish that is lined with filter paper; Double dish and cutting ring together are placed in the porcelain dish again, inject water in the porcelain dish, water level is a little less than double dish; On the said double dish the filter paper that fills up immerse in the water, under the effect of capillary force, after 24 hours; Soil sample is full of capillary supporting water in the unit weight ring, weighs, and calculates field capacity in view of the above.
Measure the capillary moisture capacity of said sampling soil, gauze that has reached the water saturation state of pad is placed the cutting ring soil sample in porcelain dish, after said sampling soil original-state soil sample reaches constant weight, takes off and weighs, and calculates capillary moisture capacity.
Measure the saturation moisture content of said sampling soil,, transfer in the tank of height such as the water surface and cutting ring the cutting ring of surveying capillary moisture capacity; The cutting ring top can be had by water logging, avoids occluded air, influences water saturation; Place 15 minutes to the cutting ring soil layer have water stain go out after; Explain to reach saturatedly, cutting ring taken out weigh, calculate saturation moisture content in view of the above.
Measure the pore character of said sampling soil, be specially:
According to mine tailing each moisture content index calculate pore characters such as corresponding capillary porosity, air porosity and total porosity.
The said mensuration that sampling soil is carried out chemical property is specially:
Behind said sampling soil natural air drying, get the 1kg compound sample with inquartation, reject rhizome and diameter greater than 3 millimeters impurity such as stone; Whole mistake 20 mesh sieves in levigate back; Calculate stone, gravel content, the diameter of stone, gravel is measured its mechanical composition between 1 millimeter and 3 millimeters;
Getting the part soil sample adopts the alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method to measure alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content;
Get the part soil sample and measure available phosphorus contents with the 0.5mol/LNaHCO3 method;
Get the part soil sample and adopt its pH value of determination of electrode;
Get the part soil sample and adopt NH
4OAc lixiviate-atomic absorption spectrophotometry is measured its quick-acting potassium content;
Get and cross 60 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt the semimicro Kjeldahl to measure total nitrogen content, adopt potassium bichromate titrimetric method-outer heating to measure its content of organic matter;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, disappear to boil with the concentrated sulphuric acid-perchloric acid and decompose oven dry, be accurate to 0.0001g, adopt its content of tatal phosphorus of molybdenum blue colorimetric method mensuration;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt hydrofluorite-nitric acid-perchloric acid WET DIGESTION-atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its full potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese content;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground; Adopt atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its chromium content according to GB/T 17137-1997; According to GB/T 17138-1997; Adopt atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its copper, zinc content,, adopt atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its nickel content according to GB/T 17139-1997;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground,, adopt KI-MIBK extraction atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its lead, cadmium content according to GB/T17140-1997.
The said mensuration that sampling soil is carried out biotic component is specially:
With 0-20cm, the 20-40cm of earth boring auger to soil sampling ground; The 40-60cm degree of depth is chosen sampling soil 500g respectively, and aseptic polybag and the common plastics bag of sealing of packing into adopts the dilution plate counting method to measure its content of microorganisms; In transportation, sampling soil being put into inside has ice cube to keep the sampling cabinet of low-temperature condition; Prevent that the microbial growth breeding influences test findings in transportation and the preservation process, wherein, method for cultivation of bacteria is selected beef-protein medium for use; The fungal culture method is selected Ma Dingshi-rose bengal medium for use, and the actinomyces cultural method is selected No. 1 nutrient culture media of improvement Gao Shi for use;
With 0-20cm, the 20-40cm of earth boring auger to soil sampling ground; The 40-60cm degree of depth is chosen sampling soil 500g respectively; Aseptic polybag and the common plastics bag of sealing of packing into adopts its urase content of sodium phenate colorimetric method for determining, adopts its hydrogen peroxidase content of volumetric determination; Select its phosphatase content of disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method for determining for use, select its invertase content of sodium thiosulfate titration for use.
As the experiment base, the Qianan City is positioned at the northeast, Hebei province to present embodiment, is located in the underfooting, Great Wall, southern foot, the Yanshan Mountain, bank, the Luanhe River with the iron tailings mining area, kalimeris village town of Qianan City, Hebei province.Be positioned at 39 ° 51 ' 40 ° 51 of north latitude ', 118 ° 29 '-118 ° 56 of east longitude ', west and east span 39km, north and south advance 45km.The urban district is northern to be low mountain, broken country, and the south is the Plain sand ground, Plain sand ground 568km2 wherein, hills terraced fields 200km2.13 in big or small rivers such as the Luanhe River, Green Dragon river are arranged within the border.This continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone directly under the jurisdiction of a municipal government.Year sunshine time 2675.3h, 10.1 ℃ of temperature on average, 38.9 ℃ of the highest temperatures, the lowest temperature-28.2 ℃, effective accumulated temperature 3854 day degrees, frostless season 168d, the average 722mm of annual rainfall, the minimum time has only 284.4mm.Annual greater than the average 11.3d of strong wind (inferior) more than 6 grades, greater than 4 grades with the average 67.64d of windward (inferior).Annual climatic characteristic is: dried in spring is windy, and summer is sultry rainy, and in daytime in autumn at warm night is cool, the few snow of cold in winter, and day and night temperature is between 5.4 ℃-15.6 ℃.About 1,353 ten thousand tons of the annual iron ore output in kalimeris village town, about 16.2 hundred million yuan of the output value; Husky and about 6,168 ten thousand m3 of stripping rock waste material of the annual mine tailing that produces, about 270 mu of floor area; Complete at present town mine tailing is husky to take up an area of about 4234 mu of the total area with stripping rock waste material.
The researchist adopts the method for layouting at random that sampling spot is set in having built sea-buckthorn woods, false indigo woods and the mine tailing ground of not afforesting and barren hill and farmland respectively, uses the assay method of the described mine tailing of present embodiment mining area soil constituent, through discovering:
Soil physical aspect, iron tailings mining area, first point, the unit weight of iron tailings changes greatly, and amplitude of variation is at 1.32-1.77g/cm
3Between, as a whole, the unit weight of mine tailing soil, the mine tailing after comprising new mine tailing and taking biological control measure is higher than common agricultural land soil, and especially mine tailing unit weight in top layer is bigger.The unit weight of mine tailing storehouse different parts is different, and the unit weight of mine tailing storehouse upper surface will be apparently higher than domatic.
Second point, through the water characteristic to mine tailing soil, the natural moisture content of mine tailing and field capacity generally are lower than normal soil.The natural moisture content of top layer mine tailing is all below 6%, and the deep soil natural moisture content is generally also all below 10%, and the same period normal soil the top layer natural moisture content be 11.36%, deep layer is 13.73%.The natural moisture content on mine tailing ground shows first rising with the increase of the degree of depth, back downward trend, and this variation with the normal soil water percentage is different, and main cause possibly be that mine tailing ground does not have phreatic replenishing, and all holard all derive from precipitation on the ground.From field capacity, the field capacity of mine tailing generally all is lower than 16%, is in reduced levels, is lower than the contrast agricultural land soil.Explanation is compared with normal soil, and the water holding capacity of mine tailing is relatively poor, and this is the principal element of restriction mine tailing mountain revegetation.From saturation moisture content, the saturated aqueous rate of mine tailing changes greatly, and total trend is that the saturated aqueous rate on the new mine tailing mountain that forms is higher relatively, and the saturated aqueous rate is all more than 30%, a little more than common agricultural land soil.The saturated aqueous rate of mine tailing is higher, explains in the mine tailing and can hold more precipitation, and the danger of collapsing is bigger.
Thirdly, from the pore character of mine tailing soil, the total porosity of mine tailing and air void be all a little more than normal soil, explain mine tailing permeable, gas penetration potential is better.
Through comparative analysis to the local sampling soil of difference, take biological control measure after, mine tailing top layer natural moisture content has the trend of increase, and is not obvious to the influence of deep soil.Planting, the natural moisture content of top layer mine tailing is respectively 4.11% and 5.16% behind sea-buckthorn and the false indigo, and new mine tailing has only 2.34%.It is significant for the reconstruction of mine tailing top layer vegetation that biological control measure can improve top layer mine tailing water percentage.The physical property of comprehensive more various mine tailings can find out that the position in mine tailing storehouse and formation time possibly be the principal elements that influences the mine tailing physical property, and it influences in a short time the influence greater than biological control measure.Relatively the mine tailing of Po Ding position, mine tailing storehouse and domatic mine tailing can find out that unit weight, two index slopes of field capacity are risen in domatic; Soil total porosity, air porosity and saturation moisture content, domatic greater than the top, slope, mine tailing more consolidation in Po Ding position is described; Unit weight is bigger, has bigger field capacity, and water holding capacity is stronger; But total pore space and air void are all less, and the domatic mine tailing of going up is more loose, and field capacity is less; Water holding capacity is poorer, when total pore space and air void all less.Above presentation of results, the mine tailing on domatic is more loose, is prone to take place the erosion of waterpower and wind-force, need preferentially administer.Table 1 is the physical property comparative analysis figure of sampling soil.
Table 1
Soil chemical aspect, iron tailings mining area, first point, mine tailing P in soil H value is alkalescence, and pH value and was not destroyed to such an extent that original state mountain soil pH value is faintly acid (pH value 6.29～6.74) between 7.87～8.65.
Second point, the nutrient content aspect of iron tailings soil, particularly the various nutrient element content of the new iron tailings that forms all are in reduced levels, well below normal soil.The content of its top layer organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, rapid available phosphorus has only 0.91g/kg, 6.31mg/kg, 83.36mg/kg, 29.21mg/kg respectively, well below 29.81g/kg, 220.23mg/kg, 113.40g/kg, the 195.86g/kg of contrast ground barren hill sampling soil.Also there is same rule in the full dose nutrient.Above presentation of results, the soil fertility condition extreme difference of iron tailings, especially the content of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium is extremely low, is the critical limitation factor of restriction iron tailings ground revegetation.Compare other three kinds of nutrients, the content of rapid available phosphorus and normal soil are the most approaching, can not become the limiting factor of plant growth.
Different from the space distribution rule and the normal soil nutrient of the various nutrient elements of iron tailings.In normal soil, various nutrient elements all have the increase with depth of soil that the trend that increases is gradually arranged, and iron tailings does not show this trend.But after taking various biological control measures, variation and the normal soil of the nutrient element content of iron tailings on the degree of depth reaches unanimity.Table 2 is the essential nutrient contents table of sampling soil.
Annotate: I, II, III, IV represent respectively not afforest mine tailing ground, false indigo woods, sea-buckthorn woods, barren hill in the table.
Table 2
Thirdly, present embodiment is measured middle Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd eight heavy metal elements in the sampling soil.The result is as shown in table 3, and table 3 is sea-buckthorn, mulberry tree root system surrounding soil contents of heavy metal elements table.Mine tailing soil is compared with not ruined original state mountain soil check plot, and Fe, Mn, Cd content are much larger than the check plot; Cu, Zn content difference are little; The content of Ni, Cr, Pb then is lower than the check plot.Although the Cd element is much larger than the check plot; But the content of Cd is still within country's " soil environment quality standard value " secondary standard; Explain that this area does not have tangible Cd to pollute, other various contents of heavy metal elements are also all within " soil environment quality standard value " secondary standard.Above presentation of results, this mining area produce iron tailings and do not have tangible heavy metal pollution.In the mine tailing iron content higher mainly be since the ferro element utilization incomplete, still contain in the mine tailing due to the more iron ore composition; Other heavy metal elements in the mine tailing can be partly removed in physical treatment such as flotation, cleaning measure on the other hand, make it content and reduce.
In addition, can find out from table 3 that the Fe constituent content is higher than other elements far away in the soil, the Mn constituent content takes second place, and the Cd constituent content is minimum, is followed successively by: Fe＞Mn＞Cu (Zn)＞Cr＞Pb＞Ni＞Cd.
Table 3
The determination and analysis of comprehensive above-mentioned chemical property to sampling soil, it is the barren hill sampling soil that the content of organic matter on each mine tailing ground is starkly lower than nature growth soil.The barren hill topsoil content of organic matter reaches 28.91g/kg, and is in the various mine tailings, the highest with the sea-buckthorn sylvan life mine tailing top layer content of organic matter; Also have only 4.81g/kg, far below barren hill, the new mine tailing top layer content of organic matter is lower than 1%; Below deep soil 40cm; The content of organic matter is extremely low, and Fig. 2 is a native content of organic matter comparison diagram in the sampling soil, I, II, III, IV represent respectively not afforest mine tailing ground, false indigo woods, sea-buckthorn woods, barren hill among the figure; 0,1,2,3,4 represent different depth: 0-5cm respectively, 5-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, the subsequent drawings mark represents implication identical with this accompanying drawing mark.
With regard to the content of organic matter of mine tailing under the different vegetation relatively, be respectively sea-buckthorn woods＞false indigo woods＞new mine tailing from high to low, with regard to the organic matter on top layer, three kinds of mine tailings are respectively 0.91g/kg, 1.16g/kg and 4.81g/kg.Simultaneously, except that new mine tailing, in various soil and mine tailing, all be the trend that reduces successively along with the increase machine matter content of the degree of depth.
The said determination result shows that on the one hand the content of organic matter in the mine tailing ground is very low, far below barren hill soil, biological control measure is described also on the other hand, can obviously improve the content of organic matter in the mine tailing like afforestation
Simultaneously; The determination and analysis of comprehensive above-mentioned chemical property to sampling soil; The quick-acting nitrogen contents on mine tailing ground of not afforesting are lower than sea-buckthorn forest land and false indigo ground; Be lower than to false indigo the sea-buckthorn forest land again and measure biological control measure and promptly afforest and help to improve the quick-acting nitrogen contents of mine tailing mining area soil, Fig. 3 is quick-acting nitrogen content comparison diagrams in the sampling soil; From rapid available phosphorus relatively; Iron tailings with do not show tangible difference as quick-acting nitrogen between the normal soil; For mine tailing; Rapid available phosphorus does not very lack, and measures the main limiting factor that available phosphorus contents can not become restriction iron tailings plant recovery, and Fig. 4 is an available phosphorus contents comparison diagram in the sampling soil; The barren hill top layer content of organic matter reaches 195.86mg/kg; Various mine tailings are respectively 29.21mg/kg (new mine tailing), 70.23mg/kg (false indigo), 94.58mg/kg (sea-buckthorn woods); It is barren hill soil that the quick-acting potassium content on each mine tailing ground is starkly lower than nature growth soil, and the quick-acting potassium content of measuring in the mine tailing is lower, might become the limiting factor of plant growth; Simultaneously explain that also various biological control measures can obviously improve the content of the available potassium in the mine tailing, Fig. 5 is a quick-acting potassium content comparison diagram in the sampling soil.
The biotic component aspect of iron tailings mining area soil, first point is from content of microorganisms; Kind of microorganism and quantity are one of indexs of estimating soil quality in the soil, and table 4 is microbe groups quantity and a ratio contrast table in the sampling soil, and the microorganism total amount shows as barren hill＞sea-buckthorn woods＞false indigo＞new mine tailing from more to less with main monoid quantity in the sampling soil; Measuring biological control measure promptly afforests remarkable to soil microorganism content raising effect; In addition, there is some difference for the sum of different sampling depth soil microorganisms, shows certain Changing Pattern; Promptly with the increase of soil depth, microorganism total amount and three major types major microorganisms quantity reduce gradually.The total amount of soil microorganism, bacterium, fungi, actinomyces distribution situation are 0-20cm＞20-40cm＞40-60cm.
Table 4
Second point, from soil enzyme activities, soil enzyme activities is one of essential attribute of soil, is the key factor of decision soil metabolism, the material that it directly affects in the soil transforms, and can reflect the intensity and the direction of the various Biochemical processes of carrying out in the soil.Especially relation between the enzymatic activitys such as the invertase in the soil, hydrogen peroxidase, phosphatase, urase and activity are significant to estimating soil fertility level.
Result of study shows, 3 kinds of soil enzymes in the mine tailing, and the activity of invertase, urase and phosphatase all is starkly lower than normal soil, and biological control measure can obviously improve above-mentioned 3 kinds of enzyme apoptotic activities in the mine tailing, and table 5 is a sampling soil soil enzyme activities contrast table.3 kinds of enzymatic activitys are respectively from high to low: barren hill＞sea-buckthorn woods＞false indigo＞new mine tailing.Invertase, urase and phosphatase activity are the highest in the barren hill appearance ground soil, are respectively 0.59mlg
-1, 156.74ugg
-1And 82.12ugg
-1And in new mine tailing this three kinds of enzymes active minimum, be respectively 0.23mlg
-1, 11.87mlg
-1, 5.26ugg
-1And 3.62ugg
-1This variation tendency of soil enzyme and micro organism quantity feature similarity.
Catalase activity is by to weak being by force: sea-buckthorn woods＞false indigo＞barren hill＞new mine tailing, visible various kinds ground soil enzyme activities index size order is not quite identical, is not that the content of other high enzyme of a kind of enzyme content is also all high.
Table 5
Above-mentioned analysis shows; Between the various kinds ground; The activity of hydrogen peroxidase, urase and 3 kinds of enzymes of phosphatase all is utmost point significant difference, and invertase and the catalase activity difference on sea-buckthorn woods and false indigo woods appearance ground are not remarkable, but they and barren hill and new significant difference between the mine tailing appearance ground.This species diversity is owing to soil enzyme is to interrelate with the vegetation habitat; The composition of the inorganic and organic component of the physical characteristics of soil and hydro-thermal situation, soil and the characteristic of absorbing complex; And plant physiological property separately is different; Different metabolic function in growth course must cause the difference of different vegetation soil enzymes.Explain that the artificial vegetation recovers to help the formation of mine tailing soil enzyme.
Therefore; The assay method that present embodiment is used mine tailing of the present invention mining area soil constituent is measured the iron tailings mining area, kalimeris village town of Qianan City, Hebei province and is shown; The unit weight of iron tailings, noncapillary poropsity all are higher than common agricultural land soil; Natural moisture content and field capacity are then opposite, explain that the preserve moisture and fertility ability of iron tailings is lower, but gas penetration potential are better; Iron tailings is alkalescent, and pH value is between 7.87～8.65; The various nutrient element content of iron tailings all are in reduced levels; Well below normal soil; Its top layer organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, available potassium are respectively 0.91g/kg, 6.31mg/kg, 29.21mg/kg; Well below 29.81g/kg, 220.23mg/kg, the 195.86g/kg on contrast ground (barren hill), quick-acting nitrogen contents are low to be the limiting factor of plant survival on the ground of restriction mine tailing and growth.The iron tailings available phosphorus contents is 83.36mg/kg, and is comparatively approaching with the 113.40g/kg of normal soil; The space distribution of the various nutrient elements of iron tailings does not show with the increase of depth of soil the trend that reduces gradually.Mensuration to Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd eight heavy metal elements in the iron tailings of Tangshan shows that this mining area produces iron tailings and do not have tangible heavy metal pollution.
The biological control measures such as sea-buckthorn and false indigo of planting have obvious influence to the chemical property of iron tailings; The quick-acting nitrogen contents of false indigo and sea-buckthorn sylvan life mine tailing top layer are 28.80mg/kg and 48.87mg/kg; Far above the 6.31mg/kg on new mine tailing ground, the content of organic matter reaches 1.16g/kg and 4.81g/kg, is higher than the 0.91g/kg of new mine tailing; Quick-acting potassium content is 70.23mg/kg and 94.58mg/kg; The 29.21mg/kg that is higher than new mine tailing, rapid available phosphorus is 98.78mg/kg and 103.45mg/kg, is higher than 83.36% of new mine tailing.Above presentation of results, biological control measure can obviously improve the content of the main nutrient element of iron tailings.The activity of various soil enzymes is starkly lower than normal soil in the mine tailing, but biological control measure can obviously improve the activity of invertase in the mine tailing, enzyme urase and 3 kinds of soil enzymes of phosphatase; The total microbial numbers of mine tailing is lower than normal soil, but biological control measure can obviously improve the quantity of various soil microorganisms in the mine tailing.In each mine tailing, bacterium is in the absolute predominance status in microorganism, accounts for the 93.89%-97.17% of sum, and actinomyces account for the 2.53%-5.56% of microbial count, and fungi is minimum, accounts for the microorganism total amount and is merely 0.30%-0.55%.Result of study shows that above biological control measure can obviously improve the plant species diversity on the mine tailing simultaneously.
In sum, present embodiment is used the assay method of mine tailing of the present invention mining area soil constituent, can administer for the mine tailing mining area ecological environment authentic data is provided, and helps the sustainable development of society, economy and the environment in mine tailing mining area.
What should explain at last is: above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but not limit it; Although the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation with reference to preferred embodiment; Those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, also can not make amended technical scheme break away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention and these are revised or be equal to replacement.
Claims (7)
1. the assay method of a mine tailing mining area soil constituent is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
At first carry out soil sampling;
Then sampling soil is carried out the mensuration of physical property, the mensuration of chemical property and the mensuration of biotic component.
2. the assay method of mine tailing according to claim 1 mining area soil constituent is characterized in that the process of said soil sampling is specially:
On sampled point, excavate soil profile, press 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm carries out layering, carries out stratified sampling with aluminium box, cutting ring and soil bag respectively then.
3. the assay method of mine tailing according to claim 2 mining area soil constituent is characterized in that, the said process that sampling soil is carried out the mensuration of physical property is specially:
Adopt core cutter method to measure the unit weight of said sampling soil;
Measure the water characteristic of said sampling soil;
Measure the pore character of said sampling soil.
4. the assay method of mine tailing according to claim 3 mining area soil constituent is characterized in that, the water characteristic of the said sampling soil of said mensuration is specially:
Measure the natural moisture content of said sampling soil, measure said sampling soil 0～20cm, 20～40cm; 40～60cm, 60～80cm, 80～100cm different levels natural moisture content; Choose soil sample with the layering of aluminium box, every layer is repeated scale fresh weight respectively for three times, uses oven drying method again; Under 105 ℃, dry, calculate the soil natural water cut, average to constant weight;
Measure the field capacity of said sampling soil, said sampling soil original-state soil sample is gathered in layering, claim bright weight in wet base after; Be placed on the double dish that is lined with filter paper; Again double dish and cutting ring together are placed in the porcelain dish, inject water in the porcelain dish, on the said double dish the filter paper that fills up immerse in the water; Weigh after 24 hours, calculate field capacity in view of the above.
Measure the capillary moisture capacity of said sampling soil, gauze that has reached the water saturation state of pad is placed the cutting ring soil sample in porcelain dish, after said sampling soil original-state soil sample reaches constant weight, takes off and weighs, and calculates capillary moisture capacity.
Measure the saturation moisture content of said sampling soil,, transfer in the tank of height such as the water surface and cutting ring the cutting ring of surveying capillary moisture capacity, place 15 minutes to the cutting ring soil layer have water stain go out after, cutting ring taken out weighs, calculate saturation moisture content in view of the above.
5. the assay method of mine tailing according to claim 3 mining area soil constituent is characterized in that, the pore character of the said sampling soil of said mensuration is specially:
According to mine tailing each moisture content index calculate pore characters such as corresponding capillary porosity, air porosity and total porosity.
6. the assay method of mine tailing according to claim 1 mining area soil constituent is characterized in that, the said mensuration that sampling soil is carried out chemical property is specially:
Behind said sampling soil natural air drying, get the 1kg compound sample with inquartation, reject impurity such as rhizome stone, whole mistake 20 mesh sieves in levigate back calculate stone, gravel content, measure its mechanical composition;
Getting the part soil sample adopts the alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method to measure alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content;
Get the part soil sample and measure available phosphorus contents with the 0.5mol/LNaHCO3 method;
Get the part soil sample and adopt its pH value of determination of electrode;
Get the part soil sample and adopt NH
4OAc lixiviate-atomic absorption spectrophotometry is measured its quick-acting potassium content;
Get and cross 60 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt the semimicro Kjeldahl to measure total nitrogen content, adopt potassium bichromate titrimetric method-outer heating to measure its content of organic matter;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, disappear to boil with the concentrated sulphuric acid-perchloric acid and decompose oven dry, adopt its content of tatal phosphorus of molybdenum blue colorimetric method mensuration;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt hydrofluorite-nitric acid-perchloric acid WET DIGESTION-atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its full potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese content;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its chromium, copper, zinc, nickel content;
Get and cross 140 mesh sieves after the part soil sample is ground, adopt KI-MIBK extraction atomic absorption spectrophotometry to measure its lead, cadmium content.
7. the assay method of mine tailing according to claim 1 mining area soil constituent is characterized in that, the said mensuration that sampling soil is carried out biotic component is specially:
With 0-20cm, the 20-40cm of earth boring auger to soil sampling ground; The 40-60cm degree of depth is chosen sampling soil 500g respectively, and aseptic polybag and the common plastics bag of sealing of packing into adopts the dilution plate counting method to measure its content of microorganisms; Wherein, Method for cultivation of bacteria is selected beef-protein medium for use, and the fungal culture method is selected Ma Dingshi-rose bengal medium for use, and the actinomyces cultural method is selected No. 1 nutrient culture media of improvement Gao Shi for use;
With 0-20cm, the 20-40cm of earth boring auger to soil sampling ground; The 40-60cm degree of depth is chosen sampling soil 500g respectively; Aseptic polybag and the common plastics bag of sealing of packing into adopts its urase content of sodium phenate colorimetric method for determining, adopts its hydrogen peroxidase content of volumetric determination; Select its phosphatase content of disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method for determining for use, select its invertase content of sodium thiosulfate titration for use.
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| CN111034527A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-21 | 宁夏大学 | Method for researching influence of grass grid afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics |
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