CN111034527B - Method for researching influence of grass grid afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics - Google Patents

Method for researching influence of grass grid afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics Download PDF

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CN111034527B
CN111034527B CN201911323014.6A CN201911323014A CN111034527B CN 111034527 B CN111034527 B CN 111034527B CN 201911323014 A CN201911323014 A CN 201911323014A CN 111034527 B CN111034527 B CN 111034527B
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邱开阳
李海泉
谢应忠
王玉国
马红彬
李海超
刘王锁
赵朋波
虎学琴
孟文芬
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Ningxia University
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    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for researching the influence of grass square afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics, which comprises the following steps: step 1, the influence of different grass square afforestation tree species on vegetation and soil characteristics; step 2, responding to different topographic characteristics of grass square forestation by the relation between soil characteristics and plant diversity; step 3, influence of different sand fixation measures on the relation between soil characteristics and plant diversity; step 4, statistical analysis; and 5, comprehensively evaluating. The method comprises the steps of firstly, controlling conditions such as different afforestation tree species, topographic features, sand fixation measures and the like through field test design, selecting a typical sample plot and setting a sample prescription, and carrying out vegetation investigation, soil sampling and indoor analysis; then carrying out statistical analysis, establishing a model and carrying out comprehensive evaluation, revealing evolution rules of soil characteristics, plant diversity and relationship thereof, and obtaining the ecological effect of grass square afforestation in the semiarid region, thereby providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of the desertification grassland restoration technology.

Description

Method for researching influence of grass grid afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecology, and relates to a method for researching the influence of grass square afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics.
Background
Fence enclosure, mechanical sand barrier sand stabilization and artificial vegetation restoration measures are the main means for restoration and treatment of the current desertification grassland. The use mode of organically combining the mechanical sand barrier method with the artificial vegetation is more widely applied. At present, researches on desertification grassland degradation mechanisms, vegetation recovery technical measures, recovery treatment mode demonstration, popularization and the like are more at home and abroad; the adaptive mechanism of artificial vegetation to sandy grassland and the response mechanism of rhizosphere soil microbiology characteristic to vegetation restoration are relatively weak. The important direction of future research is to explore vegetation recovery technology which gives consideration to ecological and economic benefits, and particularly to develop comprehensive vegetation recovery treatment mode research of multidisciplinary cross integration according to local conditions according to the degradation characteristics of desertification grasslands in different regions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for researching the influence of grass square afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for researching the influence of grass square afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics comprises the following steps:
step 1, influence of different grass square afforestation tree species on vegetation and soil characteristics
Selecting and establishing a sand-fixing recovery area of nearly 20 years, and respectively selecting 3 grass square afforestation tree species of pure caragana microphylla, pure flower sticks, caragana microphylla and flower sticks hybrid, caragana microphylla and Calligonum mongolicum hybrid and flower sticks and Calligonum mongolicum hybrid respectively; carrying out vegetation investigation, soil sampling and soil physical and chemical property and microorganism diversity determination;
step 2, responding to different topographic characteristics of grass square forestation by the relation between soil characteristics and plant diversity
In a sand stabilization recovery area in 2009, typical sample plots of the middle of a sand dune windward slope, the top of the sand dune, the middle of a leeward slope and a low land among the sand dunes are respectively selected for carrying out vegetation investigation and soil sampling, and the response of the relation between the soil characteristics and the plant diversity to different topographic characteristics of grass square afforestation is researched. Vegetation survey, soil sampling, soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity determination were according to the method described in step 1, but the spacing between the two parallel lines was 1 m.
Step 3, influence of different sand fixation measures on soil characteristics and plant diversity relation
In a sand fixation recovery area in 2014, 3 different sand fixation measure sample plots of grass square pricked + caragana microphylla planted, caragana microphylla planted but not grass square pricked and caragana microphylla planted but not caragana microphylla planted are respectively selected, and meanwhile, 3 flowing sand lands without any sand fixation measure are selected nearby to be used as a contrast for carrying out vegetation investigation and soil sampling, so that the influence of different sand fixation measures on the soil characteristic and the plant diversity relation is researched. Vegetation survey, soil sampling, soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity determination the method described in step 1 was followed.
Step 4, statistical analysis
Step 5, comprehensive evaluation
And comprehensively considering the results of the analysis of variance, regression analysis and SEM model, extracting threshold values and indication groups of soil microorganism diversity and plant diversity, and using the threshold values and the indication groups to represent the effects of various grass square afforestation modes. Meanwhile, combining with mathematical methods such as an analytic hierarchy process, gray level correlation analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the like, a grass square afforestation mode evaluation system is constructed.
Further, the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1 vegetation survey:
the size of each plot is 100m × 100m, and similar terrain conditions should be provided between plots. 3 parallel sample lines 30m long are provided in each sample pattern, and the interval between two adjacent sample lines is 20 m. On each line, a 10m × 10m square was set every 10m for investigating shrub plants, and at the same time, a 1m × 1m square was set for investigating herbs. The number of plants, the coverage, height, abundance, frequency and biomass of each plant species were investigated in each sample, and the abundance, height and crown width of shrub plants were investigated. The sample prescription survey is carried out in the period of 6-7 months of each year during which the plants grow vigorously. The multi-degree data of each species will be used to calculate the diversity index, and other parameters will provide auxiliary support for model building.
1.2 soil sampling:
while the plants are investigated, selecting 5 points in each herbal sample according to a quincunx shape, collecting 0-10cm soil samples at each point by using a soil drill with the diameter of 4cm, fully and uniformly mixing the soil samples collected at the 5 points in each sample to form a sample, placing the sample into a sample box filled with dry ice for storage, and taking the sample back to a laboratory for further analysis; meanwhile, soil samples of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm are respectively collected at other positions in the sample prescription by adopting a 5-point method and are used for measuring the soil moisture. The soil samples collected at 5 points of each layer in the same sample prescription are mixed to form a sample, and the wet weight of the sample is quickly weighed.
1.3 analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil:
measuring the water content of the soil by adopting a drying method; the volume weight of the soil adopts a cutting ring method; the soil mechanical composition is measured by a Microtrac S3500 particle size analyzer (Microtrac Inc.); the organic carbon content of the soil is determined by a potassium dichromate volumetric method; the total nitrogen content adopts a Kjeldahl method; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; the total phosphorus content adopts a sodium hydroxide fusion-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method; the quick-acting phosphorus content adopts 0.5 mol.L-1NaHCO3Measuring by a method; the total potassium content adopts sodium hydroxide fusion-flame photometry; the quick-acting potassium content adopts NH4OAc leaching-flame photometry.
1.4 soil microbial diversity analysis:
the soil microbial community structure and diversity analysis thereof are determined by a high-throughput sequencing method. Using a 7 month soil sample, 3 replicates were performed according to the test design. The DNA of the Soil samples was first extracted using a Power Soil DNA extraction Kit (Power Soil. TM. DNA Isolation Kit, MOBIO Laboratories, Carlsbad, Calif., USA). Amplification was performed using primers specific for the ITS rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, and bacterial and fungal community structural features were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing. The soil samples were sent to Oveson Gene science and technology Co., Ltd, Beijing for high throughput sequencing.
Further, step 4 specifically comprises:
the abundance of plant species directly uses the number of plants obtained in the vegetation survey process; the diversity of the plant species was calculated using shannon-kana indices:
Figure BDA0002327658980000041
wherein H' is a Shannon-Vera index, S is a plant number, PiRepresents the proportion of the abundance of the ith species in the community in the abundance of all the species:
Figure BDA0002327658980000042
wherein n isiIs the number of plants of the ith plant species, and NI is the sum of the number of plants of all plant species.
The soil moisture content is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327658980000043
wherein SW is the soil moisture, W is the wet weight of the soil sample, and D is the dry weight thereof.
The soil volume weight is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327658980000044
wherein BD is the soil volume weight, W is the wet weight of the soil sample in the entire cutting ring, SW is the soil moisture content, and V is the volume of the cutting ring.
The influence of different afforestation tree species, topographic features and sand fixation measures on soil features and plant diversity and the interaction relation of all factors are analyzed by multi-factor variance; the differences of various properties of soil and plant diversity under various treatments are analyzed by adopting single-factor variance; the method comprises the steps of firstly pre-analyzing the relationship between each factor of soil and plant diversity by combining correlation analysis and a scatter diagram, removing indexes with insignificant relationship, establishing a regression model by using stepwise regression analysis, and finally establishing a Structural Equation Model (SEM) for each factor on the whole, so as to clarify the regulation effect of the soil microorganism diversity on the relationship between each factor of soil and plant diversity under the regulation and control of various grass square afforestation control conditions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, controlling conditions such as different afforestation tree species, topographic features, sand fixation measures and the like through field test design, selecting a typical sample plot and setting a sample prescription, and carrying out vegetation investigation, soil sampling and indoor analysis; then carrying out statistical analysis, establishing a model and carrying out comprehensive evaluation, revealing evolution rules of soil characteristics, plant diversity and relationship thereof, and obtaining the ecological effect of grass square afforestation in the semiarid region, thereby providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of the desertification grassland restoration technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical route chart of the method for studying the influence of grass square afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. Study protocol
1.1 Effect of different grass grid forestation species on Vegetation and soil characteristics
Selecting and establishing a sand-fixing recovery area of nearly 20 years, and selecting 3 grass square afforestation tree species respectively as pure caragana microphylla, pure flower sticks, caragana microphylla and flower sticks hybrid, caragana microphylla and Calligonum mongolicum hybrid, and flower sticks and Calligonum mongolicum hybrid.
1.1.1 Vegetation survey:
the size of each plot is 100m × 100m, and similar terrain conditions should be provided between plots. 3 parallel sample lines 30m long are provided in each sample pattern, and the interval between two adjacent sample lines is 20 m. On each line, a 10m × 10m square was set every 10m for investigating shrub plants, and at the same time, a 1m × 1m square was set for investigating herbs. The number of plants, the coverage, height, abundance, frequency and biomass of each plant species were investigated in each sample, and the abundance, height and crown width of shrub plants were investigated. The sample prescription survey is carried out in the period of 6-7 months of each year during which the plants grow vigorously. The multi-degree data of each species will be used to calculate the diversity index, and other parameters will provide auxiliary support for model building.
1.1.2 soil sampling:
while the plants are investigated, selecting 5 points in each herbal sample according to a quincunx shape, collecting 0-10cm soil samples at each point by using a soil drill with the diameter of 4cm, fully and uniformly mixing the soil samples collected at the 5 points in each sample to form a sample, placing the sample into a sample box filled with dry ice for storage, and taking the sample back to a laboratory for further analysis; meanwhile, soil samples of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm are respectively collected at other positions in the sample prescription by adopting a 5-point method and are used for measuring the soil moisture. The soil samples collected at 5 points of each layer in the same sample prescription are mixed to form a sample, and the wet weight of the sample is quickly weighed.
1.1.3 analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil:
measuring the water content of the soil by adopting a drying method; the volume weight of the soil adopts a cutting ring method; the soil mechanical composition is measured by a Microtrac S3500 particle size analyzer (Microtrac Inc.); the organic carbon content of the soil is determined by a potassium dichromate volumetric method; the total nitrogen content adopts a Kjeldahl method; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; the total phosphorus content adopts a sodium hydroxide fusion-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method; the quick-acting phosphorus content adopts 0.5 mol.L-1NaHCO3Measuring by a method; the total potassium content adopts sodium hydroxide fusion-flame photometry; the quick-acting potassium content adopts NH4OAc leaching-flame photometry.
1.1.4 soil microbial diversity analysis:
the soil microbial community structure and diversity analysis thereof are determined by a high-throughput sequencing method. Using a 7 month soil sample, 3 replicates were performed according to the test design. The DNA of the Soil samples was first extracted using a Power Soil DNA extraction Kit (Power Soil. TM. DNA Isolation Kit, MOBIO Laboratories, Carlsbad, Calif., USA). Amplification was performed using primers specific for the ITS rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, and bacterial and fungal community structural features were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing. The soil samples were sent to Oveson Gene science and technology Co., Ltd, Beijing for high throughput sequencing.
1.2 soil characteristics vs. plant diversity response to different topographical characteristics of grass square forestation
In a sand stabilization recovery area in 2009, typical sample plots of the middle of a sand dune windward slope, the top of the sand dune, the middle of a leeward slope and a low land among the sand dunes are respectively selected for carrying out vegetation investigation and soil sampling, and the response of the relation between the soil characteristics and the plant diversity to different topographic characteristics of grass square afforestation is researched. Vegetation survey, soil sampling, soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity determination were according to the method described in step 1, but the spacing between the two parallel lines was 1 m.
1.3 Effect of different Sand-fixing measures on the relationship between soil characteristics and plant diversity
In a sand fixation recovery area in 2014, 3 different sand fixation measure sample plots of grass square pricked + caragana microphylla planted, caragana microphylla planted but not grass square pricked and caragana microphylla planted but not caragana microphylla planted are respectively selected, and meanwhile, 3 flowing sand lands without any sand fixation measure are selected nearby to be used as a contrast for carrying out vegetation investigation and soil sampling, so that the influence of different sand fixation measures on the soil characteristic and the plant diversity relation is researched. Vegetation survey, soil sampling, soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity determination the method described in step 1 was followed.
2. Statistical analysis method
2.1 statistical analysis
2.1.1 calculation of plant diversity and soil part characteristics
The abundance of plant species directly uses the number of plants obtained in the vegetation survey process; the diversity of the plant species was calculated using shannon-kana indices:
Figure BDA0002327658980000071
wherein H' is a Shannon-Vera index, S is a plant number, PiRepresents the proportion of the abundance of the ith species in the community in the abundance of all the species:
Figure BDA0002327658980000072
wherein n isiIs the number of plants of the ith plant species, and NI is the sum of the number of plants of all plant species.
The soil moisture content is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327658980000073
wherein SW is the soil moisture, W is the wet weight of the soil sample, and D is the dry weight thereof.
The soil volume weight is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327658980000074
wherein BD is the soil volume weight, W is the wet weight of the soil sample in the entire cutting ring, SW is the soil moisture content, and V is the volume of the cutting ring.
2.1.2 statistical analysis
The influence of different afforestation tree species, topographic features and sand fixation measures on soil features and plant diversity and the interaction relation of all factors are analyzed by multi-factor variance; the differences of various properties of soil and plant diversity under various treatments are analyzed by adopting single-factor variance; the method comprises the steps of firstly pre-analyzing the relationship between each factor of soil and plant diversity by combining correlation analysis and a scatter diagram, removing indexes with insignificant relationship, establishing a regression model by using stepwise regression analysis, and finally establishing a Structural Equation Model (SEM) for each factor on the whole, so as to clarify the regulation effect of the soil microorganism diversity on the relationship between each factor of soil and plant diversity under the regulation and control of various grass square afforestation control conditions.
2.2 comprehensive evaluation
And comprehensively considering the results of the analysis of variance, regression analysis and SEM model, extracting threshold values and indication groups of soil microorganism diversity and plant diversity, and using the threshold values and the indication groups to represent the effects of various grass square afforestation modes. Meanwhile, combining with mathematical methods such as an analytic hierarchy process, gray level correlation analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the like, a grass square afforestation mode evaluation system is constructed.
3 technical route
The research method system firstly controls different afforestation tree species, topographic features, sand fixation measures and other conditions through field test design, selects a typical sample plot and sets a sample prescription, and carries out vegetation investigation, soil sampling and indoor analysis; then carrying out statistical analysis, establishing a model and carrying out comprehensive evaluation, revealing evolution rules of soil characteristics, plant diversity and relationship thereof, and obtaining the ecological effect of grass square afforestation in the semiarid region, thereby providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of the desertification grassland restoration technology. The specific technical route is shown in figure 1.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for researching the influence of grass square afforestation on vegetation and soil characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, influence of different grass square afforestation tree species on vegetation and soil characteristics
Selecting and establishing a sand-fixing recovery area of nearly 20 years, and respectively selecting 3 grass square afforestation tree species of pure caragana microphylla, pure flower sticks, caragana microphylla and flower sticks hybrid, caragana microphylla and Calligonum mongolicum hybrid and flower sticks and Calligonum mongolicum hybrid respectively; carrying out vegetation investigation, soil sampling and soil physical and chemical property and microorganism diversity determination;
in the step 1, the vegetation investigation, the soil sampling, the soil physicochemical property and the microorganism diversity determination specifically comprise the following steps:
1.1 vegetation survey:
the size of each plot is 100m × 100m, and similar terrain conditions should exist among various plots; 3 parallel sample lines with the length of 30m are arranged in each sample plot, and the interval between every two adjacent sample lines is 20 m; on each sample line, a 10m × 10m sample is arranged every 10m for investigating shrub plants, and meanwhile, a 1m × 1m sample is arranged for investigating herbaceous plants; respectively investigating the number of plants in each sample, the coverage, height, abundance, frequency and biomass of each plant, and investigating the abundance, height and crown width of shrub plants; the sample prescription survey is carried out in the period of 6-7 months of each year when the plants grow vigorously; the multi-degree data of each species is used for calculating a diversity index, and other parameters provide auxiliary support for model establishment;
1.2 soil sampling:
while the plants are investigated, selecting 5 points in each herbal sample according to a quincunx shape, collecting 0-10cm soil samples at each point by using a soil drill with the diameter of 4cm, fully and uniformly mixing the soil samples collected at the 5 points in each sample to form a sample, placing the sample into a sample box filled with dry ice for storage, and taking the sample back to a laboratory for further analysis; meanwhile, collecting soil samples of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm at other positions in the sample prescription by a 5-point method respectively for measuring soil moisture; mixing soil samples collected from 5 points on each layer in the same sample prescription to form a sample, and quickly weighing the wet weight of the sample;
1.3 analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil:
measuring the water content of the soil by adopting a drying method; the volume weight of the soil adopts a cutting ring method; the soil mechanical composition is measured by a Microtrac S3500 particle size analyzer; the organic carbon content of the soil is determined by a potassium dichromate volumetric method; the total nitrogen content adopts a Kjeldahl method; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; the total phosphorus content adopts a sodium hydroxide fusion-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method; the quick-acting phosphorus content adopts 0.5 mol.L-1NaHCO3Measuring by a method; total potassium content adopts hydrogenSodium oxide melt-flame photometry; the quick-acting potassium content adopts NH4OAc leaching-flame photometry;
1.4 soil microbial diversity analysis:
the soil microbial community structure and the diversity analysis thereof are measured by a high-throughput sequencing method; using a soil sample of 6 months, 3 replicates were performed according to the test design; firstly, extracting DNA of a soil sample by using a strong soil DNA extraction kit; specific primers of ITS rRNA and 16S rRNA genes are used for amplification, and structural characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities are analyzed through Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing; sending the soil sample to Beijing Ovwsen Gene science and technology Limited for high-throughput sequencing;
step 2, responding to different topographic characteristics of grass square forestation by the relation between soil characteristics and plant diversity
In a sand stabilization recovery area in 2009, typical sample plots of the middle part of a sand dune windward slope, the top part of the sand dune, the middle part of a leeward slope and a low land between the sand dunes are respectively selected for carrying out vegetation investigation and soil sampling, and the response of the relation between soil characteristics and plant diversity to different topographic characteristics of grass square afforestation is researched; vegetation survey, soil sampling, soil physicochemical property and microbial diversity determination were performed according to the methods described in steps 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, but with a spacing of 1m between the two parallel sample lines;
step 3, influence of different sand fixation measures on soil characteristics and plant diversity relation
In a sand fixation recovery area in 2014, 3 grass square plots are respectively selected and tied up and planted with caragana microphylla, only the caragana microphylla is planted but not tied up, only the grass square plots are tied up but not planted with the caragana microphylla, 3 different sand fixation measure plots are selected nearby respectively, meanwhile, 3 flowing sand lands which do not adopt any sand fixation measure are selected as a reference, vegetation investigation and soil sampling are carried out, and the influence of different sand fixation measures on the soil characteristics and the diversity relation of plants is researched; vegetation survey, soil sampling, soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity determination according to the methods described in steps 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4;
step 4, statistical analysis
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the abundance of plant species directly uses the number of plants obtained in the vegetation survey process; the diversity of the plant species was calculated using shannon-kana indices:
Figure FDA0003379590020000031
wherein H' is a Shannon-Vera index, S is a plant number, PiRepresents the proportion of the abundance of the ith species in the community in the abundance of all the species:
Figure FDA0003379590020000032
wherein n isiIs the number of plants of the ith plant species and NI is the sum of the number of plants of all plant species;
the soil moisture content is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003379590020000033
wherein SW is soil moisture, W is the wet weight of the soil sample, and D is the dry weight thereof;
the soil volume weight is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0003379590020000034
wherein BD is the soil volume weight, W is the wet weight of the soil sample in the whole cutting ring, SW is the soil moisture content, and V is the volume of the cutting ring;
the influence of different afforestation tree species, topographic features and sand fixation measures on soil features and plant diversity and the interaction relation of all factors are analyzed by multi-factor variance; the differences of various properties of soil and plant diversity under various treatments are analyzed by adopting single-factor variance; the method comprises the steps of firstly, pre-analyzing the relationship between each factor of soil and plant diversity by combining correlation analysis and a scatter diagram, removing indexes with insignificant relationship, establishing a regression model by using stepwise regression analysis, and finally establishing a structural equation model for each factor on the whole, so as to clear the regulating effect of the soil microorganism diversity on the relationship between each factor of soil and plant diversity under the regulation and control of various grass square afforestation control conditions;
step 5, comprehensive evaluation
Comprehensively considering the results of the analysis of variance, regression analysis and structural equation model, extracting threshold values and indication groups of soil microorganism diversity and plant diversity for representing the effect of various grass square afforestation modes; meanwhile, combining an analytic hierarchy process, a gray level correlation analysis and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematical method to construct a grass square afforestation mode evaluation system.
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