CN107991431A - A kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and the method for sampling - Google Patents
A kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and the method for sampling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107991431A CN107991431A CN201710920227.1A CN201710920227A CN107991431A CN 107991431 A CN107991431 A CN 107991431A CN 201710920227 A CN201710920227 A CN 201710920227A CN 107991431 A CN107991431 A CN 107991431A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N2001/021—Correlating sampling sites with geographical information, e.g. GPS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and the method for sampling, it includes：Taken according to different Wetland Types and select points for investigation in the following way；Belt transect and sample prescription are set；And investigation content.Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity provided by the invention and the method for sampling are for different types of wetlands such as river, Ku Tang, lake, marshes, and there is targetedly sampling point selection, belt transect to set for design, sample prescription method to set up.Plant Diversity data can be not only obtained in this way, while can also embody the relation of envirment factor gradient and Plant Diversity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wetland ecology field, more particularly to a kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and sampling side
Method.
Background technology
Wetland refers to marshland that is natural or being artificially formed etc. and carries static or current water phytal zone in blocks, is additionally included in
The time of low water depth of water is no more than 6 meters of waters.Wetland and forest, ocean simultaneously claim the global three big ecosystems, are distributed all over the world
Extensively.Survive a large amount of animals and plants in wetlands ecosystems, and many wetlands are listed in nature reserve area.
Wetland is that the epigeosphere ecosystem is important " species gene pool ", it is as the mankind and numerous wild animals and plants weight
One of living environment is wanted, its bio-diversity is extremely abundant.The multifarious investigation of Wetland Communities and sampling are to studying wetland
Ecological environment is particularly important.
The common method of sampling point selection is in the multifarious investigation of Wetland Communities at present and sampling：1. reference map,
Consider that the factors such as wetland coastal feature, area of lake and accessibility set sampled point.2. it is distributed according to vegetation pattern, vegetation special
Sign, habitat characteristics set sampled point can objectively respond characteristic of plant communities as principle.3. according to vegetation character and community mosaic
Feature, the method being combined using uniform stationing with key area typical investigation.4. Meshing Method：Planted with each survey area
It is base map by figure, is divided into grid.Grid includes general survey sample prescription and key area.But these methods are mostly to be directed to
Forest vegetation, and the multifarious too simple concrete operations of sampling point system of selection of Wetland Communities are poor.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and the method for sampling.
The present invention provides a kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and the method for sampling, it includes：
1）, taken according to different Wetland Types and select points for investigation in the following way：
Riverine wetland：Be folded to river, natural situation, periphery Land-Use, administrative ownership, tributary and reservoir position and
The foundation that the reachable sexual factor of sampled point is chosen as riverine wetland sampled point；Each sampled point sets 4-6 belt transect, uniformly divides
Cloth is in the distance of 300m-1000m；
Lake/storehouse pool wetland：Lake/storehouse pool water surface uses grid type uniform stationing, takes into account lake local pollution situation setting and adopts
Sample density；Small lakes/Ku Tang continents beach sampled point is set using method is equidistantly positioned, i.e., determines a fixation according to storehouse pool size
Distance, sets sampled point, each sampled point sets 2-4 belt transect, is evenly distributed on 100m-300m scopes by this rang ring wetland
It is interior；Large-size lake/Ku Tang continents beach is with reference to map, coastal feature, natural situation, periphery land use pattern, bayou and goes out
Mouth, determine sampling point position up to sexual factor, and each sampled point sets 4-6 belt transect, is evenly distributed on 300m-1000m scopes
It is interior；
Marsh Wetland：It is adjusted using gridding method uniform stationing, while according to residential area, road, pollution condition in marsh；Such as
There are river, lake distribution, then using the stationing mode in river, lake；
2）, belt transect and sample prescription set：
Belt transect set-up mode is as follows：
All belt transects are made of, quadrat number is adjusted according to moisture coverage perpendicular to land and water boundary line 4-6 sample prescription
It is whole；It is separated by 1-2m between sample prescription；1-2, water plant sample prescription is set in each belt transect, remaining sample prescription is arranged by land along the gradation of moisture
Row；The area of investigated storehouse pool wetland is all higher than 1000hm2, belt transect length is 7-11m；
Sample prescription set-up mode is as follows：
The scope of investigation and sampling includes：There are the water body, land and water zone of transition and long-term or season of submerged plant growth in wetland
The region that property is influenced by wetland moisture；Draft sample area is 1m × 1m, records the depth of water in sample prescription, and plant data；Shrub
Sample prescription 2m × 2m, records content and investigation method is identical with draft sample prescription；Arbor sample prescription 20m × 20m, records plant data；It is tall
2 shrub sample prescriptions are diagonally set in wooden sample prescription, 5 draft sample prescriptions are set in corner and central part；Along right in shrub sample prescription
Angle sets 2 draft sample prescriptions；
3）, investigation content：
Arbor sample prescription：Sample area is 20m × 20m, sample prescription interval 50m；Arbor in sample prescription is carried out per wooden dipping, record kind
Name, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height and hat width, have cut down willow record kind name and diameter；Five shrub sample prescriptions are set in each arbor sample prescription, point
Not Wei Yu corner and center, area is 2m × 2m, record kind of a name, strain number, height and cover degree；Each shrub sample prescription centrally disposed one
A draft sample prescription, separately has five draft sample prescriptions to be randomly distributed in arbor sample prescription, area 1m × 1m, record kind name, strain number, height
Degree, cover degree and coordinate information；
Continent beach herbaceous plant investigation belt transect and sample prescription are laid：Investigated using belt transect method；Each points for investigation setting four is parallel
Belt transect, mutual distance 200m；Set respectively in shallow water of the depth of water less than 10cm, naked beach and the phytobiocoenose of zonal distribution
Sample prescription, quadrat number is 10, sample area 1m × 1m in belt transect, and sample prescription spacing be 10m, and record plants a name, strain number, height, lid
Degree, the depth of water and coordinate information；
Field plant sample collection：In arbor sample prescription, using sample prescription corner and center as basic point, to all plant species of surrounding into
Row collection；In natural bioremediation belt transect, using the second, the 6th and the tenth sample prescription as basic point, all species are acquired；Each thing
Kind gathers 1-2 complete stool in a point, and 2-3h is sampled after sunrise, is not subject to pathogen infection, grass under the conditions of selection full exposure
Food cattle grazing or the plant to be grown nonparasitically upon another plant by epiphyte, choose the young leaves of wholecircle, collection training in sample strain；Same arbor sample prescription
Interior each species gather 5 repetitions；For the relatively low species of the wetland frequency of occurrences, if the lazy weight gathered in sample prescription or belt transect
Or do not have, then it is acquired outside sample prescription or belt transect apart from basic point immediate area；After plant sample collection, wrapped up with hygenic towelette
Valve bag is put into, takes back laboratory refrigeration.
Further, in the sample prescription set-up mode, the plant data of draft sample prescription and shrub sample prescription record include kind of a name,
Strain number, average height, cover degree；The plant data of arbor sample prescription record include kind of a name, strain number, individual height and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
Relative to the prior art, Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity provided by the invention and the method for sampling have the following advantages：
Formation system and the selection of specific sampling point, belt transect are set, sample prescription method to set up.The present invention is for river, storehouse in sampling point selection
The different types of wetland such as the pool, lake, marsh proposes specific sampling point system of selection, and to small lakes and large-size lake
Sampling point position selection is distinguish between, and such refinement was not carried out in existing technology.This hair in belt transect, sample prescription method to set up
It is bright to give specific digital standard, with reference to the present invention easy to the multifarious investigation of Wetland Communities and sampling operation in practice
Development.The sample prescription for including wetland of beach arbor sample prescription, continent beach herbaceous plant investigation belt transect and sample prescription in investigation content is set
The contents such as schematic diagram, sample area and specific monitoring index.And method, points for attention to the collection of field plant sample
Clear explanation is carried out, this point rarely has in the multifarious investigation of existing Wetland Communities and sampling technique to be related to.This
Invention is set for the different types of wetlands such as river, Ku Tang, lake, marsh, design with the selection of targetedly sampling point, belt transect
Put, sample prescription method to set up.Plant Diversity data can be not only obtained in this way, while can also embody envirment factor ladder
Degree and the relation of Plant Diversity.
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and the method for sampling, those skilled in the art can borrow
Reflect present disclosure, is suitably modified technological parameter realization.In particular, all similar substitutions and modifications are to this area
It is it will be apparent that they are considered as being included in the present invention for technical staff.The method of the present invention and application have passed through
Preferred embodiment is described, related personnel substantially can not depart from present invention, in spirit and scope to described herein
Methods and applications be modified or suitably change with combining, to realize and using the technology of the present invention.
The present invention, which provides a kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and the method for sampling, its spy, to be included：
1）, taken according to different Wetland Types and select points for investigation in the following way：
Riverine wetland：Be folded to river, natural situation, periphery Land-Use, administrative ownership, tributary and reservoir position and
The foundation that the reachable sexual factor of sampled point is chosen as riverine wetland sampled point；Each sampled point sets 4-6 belt transect, uniformly divides
Cloth is in the distance of 300m-1000m；
Lake/storehouse pool wetland：Lake/storehouse pool water surface uses grid type uniform stationing, takes into account lake local pollution situation setting and adopts
Sample density；Small lakes/Ku Tang continents beach sampled point is set using method is equidistantly positioned, i.e., determines a fixation according to storehouse pool size
Distance, sets sampled point, each sampled point sets 2-4 belt transect, is evenly distributed on 100m-300m scopes by this rang ring wetland
It is interior；Large-size lake/Ku Tang continents beach is with reference to map, coastal feature, natural situation, periphery land use pattern, bayou and goes out
Mouth, determine sampling point position up to sexual factor, and each sampled point sets 4-6 belt transect, is evenly distributed on 300m-1000m scopes
It is interior；
Marsh Wetland：It is adjusted using gridding method uniform stationing, while according to residential area, road, pollution condition in marsh；Such as
There are river, lake distribution, then using the stationing mode in river, lake；
2）, belt transect and sample prescription set：
Belt transect set-up mode is as follows：
All belt transects are made of, quadrat number is adjusted according to moisture coverage perpendicular to land and water boundary line 4-6 sample prescription
It is whole；Such as：The larger wetland of moisture coverage, quadrat number also can accordingly increase；It is separated by 1-2m between sample prescription；Each belt transect
In set water plant sample prescription 1-2, remaining sample prescription arranges by land along the gradation of moisture；The area of investigated storehouse pool wetland is all higher than
1000hm2, belt transect length is 7-11m, therefore it is parallel that can approx think between belt transect；
Sample prescription set-up mode is as follows：
The scope of investigation and sampling includes：There are the water body, land and water zone of transition and long-term or season of submerged plant growth in wetland
The region that property is influenced by wetland moisture；Draft sample area is 1m × 1m, records the depth of water in sample prescription, and plant data, specifically
It can include kind of a name, strain number, average height, cover degree；Shrub sample prescription 2m × 2m, records content and investigation method and draft sample prescription phase
Together；Arbor sample prescription 20m × 20m, records plant data, is specifically as follows kind of a name, strain number, individual height, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground；In arbor sample prescription
2 shrub sample prescriptions are diagonally set, 5 draft sample prescriptions are set in corner and central part；2 are diagonally set in shrub sample prescription
Draft sample prescription；
3）, investigation content：
Arbor sample prescription：Sample area is 20m × 20m, sample prescription interval 50m；Arbor in sample prescription is carried out per wooden dipping, record kind
Name, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height and hat width, have cut down willow record kind name and diameter；Five shrub sample prescriptions are set in each arbor sample prescription, point
Not Wei Yu corner and center, area is 2m × 2m, record kind of a name, strain number, height and cover degree；Each shrub sample prescription centrally disposed one
A draft sample prescription, separately has five draft sample prescriptions to be randomly distributed in arbor sample prescription, area 1m × 1m, record kind name, strain number, height
Degree, cover degree and coordinate information；
Continent beach herbaceous plant investigation belt transect and sample prescription are laid：The natural continent beach gradient is relatively slow, with the distance increase to the water surface, wetland
Vegetation is in zonal distribution, therefore is investigated using belt transect method；Each points for investigation sets four Duplicate Samples bands, and mutual distance is
200m；Sample prescription is set respectively in the depth of water is less than the shallow water of 10cm, naked beach and the phytobiocoenose of zonal distribution, sample prescription in belt transect
Quantity is 10, sample area 1m × 1m, and sample prescription spacing is 10m, record kind name, strain number, height, cover degree, the depth of water and coordinate letter
Breath；
Field plant sample collection：In arbor sample prescription, using sample prescription corner and center as basic point, to all plant species of surrounding into
Row collection；In natural bioremediation belt transect, first draft sample prescription abuts the water surface, vegetation based on short and small, patch ground plant, because
This is acquired all species using the second, the 6th and the tenth sample prescription as basic point；Each species are in point collection 1-2
Complete stool, 2-3h is sampled after sunrise, is not subject to pathogen infection, plant-eating animal to gnaw or grown nonparasitically upon another plant plant under the conditions of selection full exposure
The plant that thing is grown nonparasitically upon another plant, chooses the young leaves of wholecircle, collection training in sample strain；Each species gather 5 weights in same arbor sample prescription
It is multiple；For the relatively low species of the wetland frequency of occurrences, if the lazy weight that is gathered in sample prescription or belt transect or not having, in sample prescription or sample
It is acquired with outer apart from basic point immediate area；After plant sample collection, valve bag is put into hygenic towelette parcel, takes back experiment
Room refrigerates.
Relative to the prior art, Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity provided by the invention and the method for sampling are with following excellent
Point：Formation system and the selection of specific sampling point, belt transect are set, sample prescription method to set up.Sampling point selection on the present invention for river,
The different types of wetland such as the storehouse pool, lake, marsh proposes specific sampling point system of selection, and to small lakes and large-size lake
Sampling point position selection be distinguish between, such refinement was not carried out in existing technology.This in belt transect, sample prescription method to set up
Invention gives specific digital standard, with reference to the present invention easy to the multifarious investigation of Wetland Communities and sample man in practice
The development of work.The sample prescription for including wetland of beach arbor sample prescription, continent beach herbaceous plant investigation belt transect and sample prescription in investigation content is set
Put the contents such as schematic diagram, sample area and specific monitoring index.And method, attention thing to the collection of field plant sample
Item has carried out clear explanation, this point rarely has in the multifarious investigation of existing Wetland Communities and sampling technique to be related to.
The present invention is set for the different types of wetlands such as river, Ku Tang, lake, marsh, design with the selection of targetedly sampling point, belt transect
Put, sample prescription method to set up.Plant Diversity data can be not only obtained in this way, while can also embody envirment factor ladder
Degree and the relation of Plant Diversity.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity and the method for sampling, it is characterised in that including：
1）, taken according to different Wetland Types and select points for investigation in the following way：
Riverine wetland：Be folded to river, natural situation, periphery Land-Use, administrative ownership, tributary and reservoir position and
The foundation that the reachable sexual factor of sampled point is chosen as riverine wetland sampled point；Each sampled point sets 4-6 belt transect, uniformly divides
Cloth is in the distance of 300m-1000m；
Lake/storehouse pool wetland：Lake/storehouse pool water surface uses grid type uniform stationing, takes into account lake local pollution situation setting and adopts
Sample density；Small lakes/Ku Tang continents beach sampled point is set using method is equidistantly positioned, i.e., determines a fixation according to storehouse pool size
Distance, sets sampled point, each sampled point sets 2-4 belt transect, is evenly distributed on 100m-300m scopes by this rang ring wetland
It is interior；Large-size lake/Ku Tang continents beach is with reference to map, coastal feature, natural situation, periphery land use pattern, bayou and goes out
Mouth, determine sampling point position up to sexual factor, and each sampled point sets 4-6 belt transect, is evenly distributed on 300m-1000m scopes
It is interior；
Marsh Wetland：It is adjusted using gridding method uniform stationing, while according to residential area, road, pollution condition in marsh；Such as
There are river, lake distribution, then using the stationing mode in river, lake；
2）, belt transect and sample prescription set：
Belt transect set-up mode is as follows：
All belt transects are made of, quadrat number is adjusted according to moisture coverage perpendicular to land and water boundary line 4-6 sample prescription
It is whole；It is separated by 1-2m between sample prescription；1-2, water plant sample prescription is set in each belt transect, remaining sample prescription is arranged by land along the gradation of moisture
Row；The area of investigated storehouse pool wetland is all higher than 1000hm2, belt transect length is 7-11m；
Sample prescription set-up mode is as follows：
The scope of investigation and sampling includes：There are the water body, land and water zone of transition and long-term or season of submerged plant growth in wetland
The region that property is influenced by wetland moisture；Draft sample area is 1m × 1m, records the depth of water in sample prescription, and plant data；Shrub
Sample prescription 2m × 2m, records content and investigation method is identical with draft sample prescription；Arbor sample prescription 20m × 20m, records plant data；It is tall
2 shrub sample prescriptions are diagonally set in wooden sample prescription, 5 draft sample prescriptions are set in corner and central part；Along right in shrub sample prescription
Angle sets 2 draft sample prescriptions；
3）, investigation content：
Arbor sample prescription：Sample area is 20m × 20m, sample prescription interval 50m；Arbor in sample prescription is carried out per wooden dipping, record kind
Name, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, tree height and hat width, have cut down willow record kind name and diameter；Five shrub sample prescriptions are set in each arbor sample prescription, point
Not Wei Yu corner and center, area is 2m × 2m, record kind of a name, strain number, height and cover degree；Each shrub sample prescription centrally disposed one
A draft sample prescription, separately has five draft sample prescriptions to be randomly distributed in arbor sample prescription, area 1m × 1m, record kind name, strain number, height
Degree, cover degree and coordinate information；
Continent beach herbaceous plant investigation belt transect and sample prescription are laid：Investigated using belt transect method；Each points for investigation setting four is parallel
Belt transect, mutual distance 200m；Set respectively in shallow water of the depth of water less than 10cm, naked beach and the phytobiocoenose of zonal distribution
Sample prescription, quadrat number is 10, sample area 1m × 1m in belt transect, and sample prescription spacing be 10m, and record plants a name, strain number, height, lid
Degree, the depth of water and coordinate information；
Field plant sample collection：In arbor sample prescription, using sample prescription corner and center as basic point, to all plant species of surrounding into
Row collection；In natural bioremediation belt transect, using the second, the 6th and the tenth sample prescription as basic point, all species are acquired；Each thing
Kind gathers 1-2 complete stool in a point, and 2-3h is sampled after sunrise, is not subject to pathogen infection, grass under the conditions of selection full exposure
Food cattle grazing or the plant to be grown nonparasitically upon another plant by epiphyte, choose the young leaves of wholecircle, collection training in sample strain；Same arbor sample prescription
Interior each species gather 5 repetitions；For the relatively low species of the wetland frequency of occurrences, if the lazy weight gathered in sample prescription or belt transect
Or do not have, then it is acquired outside sample prescription or belt transect apart from basic point immediate area；After plant sample collection, wrapped up with hygenic towelette
Valve bag is put into, takes back laboratory refrigeration.
2. Wetland Communities Investigation on Diversity according to claim 1 and the method for sampling, it is characterised in that the sample prescription
In set-up mode, the plant data of draft sample prescription and shrub sample prescription record include kind of a name, strain number, average height, cover degree；Arbor sample
The plant data of Fang Jilu include kind of a name, strain number, individual height and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground.
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