CN116119828A - Ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants - Google Patents
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001558017 Gynura Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000555922 Potamogeton crispus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 240000001592 Amaranthus caudatus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009328 Amaranthus caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000221079 Euphorbia <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207925 Leonurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ecologically constructing a plurality of aquatic plants by combining and repairing water, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a plurality of aquatic plant seeds, S2, and raising seedlings; s3, transplanting the cultivated aquatic plants into an ecological environment of water to be repaired after the cultivated aquatic plants sprout to 15-20cm high, applying fertilizer once for 3-6 weeks, and removing weeds in the water; s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the ecological environment to be repaired, and detecting the water quality of the ecological environment in real time; s5, carrying out a data model for repairing water ecological construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, and then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system. The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining various aquatic plants is suitable for repairing water surfaces of urban rivers, lakes and the like by reconstructing aquatic plant communities of a water ecological system, absorbing and utilizing nutrient elements in water and providing living environments for microorganisms to treat eutrophic water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic ecological treatment, in particular to a construction method for repairing aquatic ecology by combining multiple aquatic plants.
Background
In order to find efficient and low-consumption water pollution control technologies, biological water quality control technologies are beginning to be widely focused. For many years, sewage treatment and water restoration technologies with macrophytes as cores have been regarded as one of the cores of ecological control technologies.
The aquatic plant refers to a kind of aquatic plant in which most of life cycle nutrients of the whole plant are submerged under water, rooted on a substrate, and sexual propagation part or aquatic or floating on water surface. The aquatic plants can improve the aquatic environment, the transparency and the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water body, control the release of nutrient salts and promote the healthy circulation of the nutrient salts, and have very important effects on an aquatic ecological system.
At present, related researches at home and abroad generally focus on the action mechanism of single aquatic plants on water quality improvement. However, in the process of actual engineering construction, various aquatic plants are often selected according to hydrology, region and other factors in combination with seasonal changes to jointly finish water quality improvement. Therefore, in order to ensure the purification efficiency and improve the construction level, the research of the linkage mechanism and the purification effect of various aquatic plants on the improvement of the water area becomes very important.
Therefore, aquatic plants play a very important and critical role in the ecological restoration of water environments. The invention treats eutrophic water body by reconstructing aquatic plant communities of the water ecological system, absorbing and utilizing nutrient elements in water and providing living environment for microorganisms, and is suitable for repairing water surfaces of urban rivers, lakes and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a construction method for repairing aquatic ecology by combining a plurality of aquatic plants.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting various aquatic plant seeds of a required type, and preparing for planting;
s2, selecting a planter with a required size, pouring cultivation soil to be cultivated into the planter, planting the aquatic plant seeds selected in the step S1 into the corresponding planter, and then placing the whole planter into a pretreated water body for seedling cultivation;
s3, transplanting the aquatic plants cultivated in the step S2 into an aquatic ecological environment to be repaired after sprouting to 15-20cm high, applying fertilizer once for 3-6 weeks, and removing weeds in water;
s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired in the step S3, and detecting the water quality of the water ecological environment in real time;
s5, carrying out a data model for repairing the water ecology construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, and then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system.
Preferably, the multiple aquatic plants selected in the step S1 are any combination of two or more of water caltrop, dwarf bitter algae, spike foxtail algae, gynura divaricata or gynura divaricata.
Preferably, in the step S2, the planter is one of a wooden case, a bamboo basket or a wicker basket.
Preferably, the planter in the step S2 has a length of 16-20cm, a width of 12-14cm, and a height of 10-16cm.
Preferably, the cultivation soil in the step S2 is prepared by screening clean garden soil through a sieve with 100-200 meshes, removing small branches, weeds and dead leaves in the soil, sieving seeds of aquatic weeds or other harmful bacteria, and adding coarse bone powder and slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer.
Preferably, the water quality monitoring devices in the step S4 all adopt continuous online quantitative water quality analyzers, which can monitor water quality data in real time, change the critical parameters of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body, and form a data report.
Preferably, the modeling system in step S5 uses MATLAB2021 foredusition system to perform data modeling, and can perform mathematical modeling on water quality data.
Preferably, in the step S5, the analysis system further analyzes the modeled data by using the SPSS201964Bit system, and deduces a relevant conclusion to form an experimental result.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a method for ecologically constructing a plurality of aquatic plants by combining and repairing water. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects: the ecological construction method for combining multiple aquatic plants to repair water specifically comprises the following steps: s1, firstly, selecting various aquatic plant seeds of a required type, and preparing for planting; s2, selecting a planter with a required size, pouring cultivation soil to be cultivated into the planter, planting the aquatic plant seeds selected in the step S1 into the corresponding planter, and then placing the whole planter into a pretreated water body for seedling cultivation; s3, transplanting the aquatic plants cultivated in the step S2 into an aquatic ecological environment to be repaired after sprouting to 15-20cm high, applying fertilizer once for 3-6 weeks, and removing weeds in water;
s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired in the step S3, and detecting the water quality of the water ecological environment in real time; s5, carrying out a data model for repairing water ecological construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system, and treating eutrophication water bodies by reconstructing aquatic plant communities of the water ecological system, absorbing and utilizing nutrient elements in water and providing living environments for microorganisms, thereby being suitable for repairing water surfaces of urban rivers, lakes and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides five technical solutions: the ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants specifically comprises the following embodiments:
example 1
The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting various aquatic plant seeds of a required variety, and preparing and planting, wherein the selected various aquatic plants are the combination of potamogeton crispus, dwarf bitter algae, spike foxtail algae, gynura divaricata and gynura divaricata;
s2, selecting a planter with a required size, pouring cultivation soil to be cultivated into the planter, planting the aquatic plant seeds selected in the step S1 into the corresponding planter, then placing the whole planter into a pretreated water body for seedling, selecting a wooden box for the planter, screening the cultivation soil with a clean garden soil through a 100-mesh screen, removing small branches, weeds and dead leaves in the soil, screening out the seeds of aquatic weeds or other harmful bacteria, and adding coarse bone meal and slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer to prepare the cultivation soil;
s3, transplanting the aquatic plants cultivated in the step S2 into an ecological environment to be repaired after sprouting to 15cm high, applying fertilizer once for 3 weeks, and removing weeds in water;
s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired in the step S3, and detecting the water quality of the water ecological environment in real time, wherein the water quality monitoring devices adopt continuous online quantitative water quality analyzers, can monitor water quality data in real time, and form data reports for the change of key parameters of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body;
s5, carrying out a data model for repairing water ecology construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system, wherein the modeling system adopts a MATLAB2021FOREDUCATION system to carry out data modeling, can carry out mathematical modeling on water quality data, and the analysis system adopts an SPSS201964Bit system to further analyze the modeled data, deduce relevant conclusions and form experimental results.
Example 2
The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting various aquatic plant seeds of a required variety, and preparing for planting, wherein the selected various aquatic plants are the combination of potamogeton crispus and bitter dwarf algae;
s2, selecting a planter with a required size, pouring cultivation soil to be cultivated into the planter, planting the aquatic plant seeds selected in the step S1 into the corresponding planter, then placing the whole planter into a pretreated water body for seedling, selecting a bamboo basket as the planter, screening the cultivation soil with a 130-mesh screen by using clean garden soil, removing small branches, weeds and dead leaves in the soil, screening out the seeds of aquatic weeds or other harmful bacteria, and adding coarse bone meal and slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer to prepare the cultivation soil;
s3, transplanting the aquatic plants cultivated in the step S2 into an aquatic ecological environment to be repaired after sprouting to 15-20cm high, applying fertilizer once for 4 weeks, and removing weeds in water;
s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired in the step S3, and detecting the water quality of the water ecological environment in real time, wherein the water quality monitoring devices adopt continuous online quantitative water quality analyzers, can monitor water quality data in real time, and form data reports for the change of key parameters of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body;
s5, carrying out a data model for repairing water ecology construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system, wherein the modeling system adopts a MATLAB2021FOREDUCATION system to carry out data modeling, can carry out mathematical modeling on water quality data, and the analysis system adopts an SPSS201964Bit system to further analyze the modeled data, deduce relevant conclusions and form experimental results.
Example 3
The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting various aquatic plant seeds of a required variety, and preparing for planting, wherein the selected various aquatic plants are the combination of the spike foxtail algae and the leonurus gracilis;
s2, selecting a planter with a required size, pouring cultivation soil to be cultivated into the planter, planting the aquatic plant seeds selected in the step S1 into the corresponding planter, then placing the whole planter into a pretreated water body for seedling, selecting a wicker basket for the planter, screening the cultivation soil with a clean garden soil through a 150-mesh screen, removing small branches, weeds and dead leaves in the soil, screening out seeds of aquatic weeds or other harmful bacteria, and adding coarse bone meal and slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer to prepare the cultivation soil;
s3, transplanting the aquatic plants cultivated in the step S2 into an ecological environment to be repaired after the aquatic plants sprout to be 18cm high, applying fertilizer once for 5 weeks, and removing weeds in water;
s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired in the step S3, and detecting the water quality of the water ecological environment in real time, wherein the water quality monitoring devices adopt continuous online quantitative water quality analyzers, can monitor water quality data in real time, and form data reports for the change of key parameters of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body;
s5, carrying out a data model for repairing water ecology construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system, wherein the modeling system adopts a MATLAB2021FOREDUCATION system to carry out data modeling, can carry out mathematical modeling on water quality data, and the analysis system adopts an SPSS201964Bit system to further analyze the modeled data, deduce relevant conclusions and form experimental results.
Example 4
The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting various aquatic plant seeds of a required variety, and preparing for planting, wherein the selected various aquatic plants are the combination of the gynura divaricata and the gynura divaricata;
s2, selecting a planter with a required size, pouring cultivation soil to be cultivated into the planter, planting the aquatic plant seeds selected in the step S1 into the corresponding planter, then placing the whole planter into a pretreated water body for seedling, selecting a wooden box for the planter, screening the cultivation soil with a clean garden soil through a 170-mesh screen, removing small branches, weeds and dead leaves in the soil, screening out the seeds of aquatic weeds or other harmful bacteria, and adding coarse bone meal and slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer to prepare the cultivation soil;
s3, transplanting the aquatic plants cultivated in the step S2 into an ecological environment to be repaired after the aquatic plants sprout and grow to a height of 19cm, applying fertilizer once in 6 weeks, and removing weeds in water;
s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired in the step S3, and detecting the water quality of the water ecological environment in real time, wherein the water quality monitoring devices adopt continuous online quantitative water quality analyzers, can monitor water quality data in real time, and form data reports for the change of key parameters of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body;
s5, carrying out a data model for repairing water ecology construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system, wherein the modeling system adopts a MATLAB2021FOREDUCATION system to carry out data modeling, can carry out mathematical modeling on water quality data, and the analysis system adopts an SPSS201964Bit system to further analyze the modeled data, deduce relevant conclusions and form experimental results.
Example 5
The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting various aquatic plant seeds of a required variety, and preparing for planting, wherein the selected various aquatic plants are the combination of potamogeton crispus and euphorbia lunata;
s2, selecting a planter with a required size, pouring cultivation soil to be cultivated into the planter, planting the aquatic plant seeds selected in the step S1 into the corresponding planter, then placing the whole planter into a pretreated water body for seedling, selecting a bamboo basket as the planter, screening the cultivation soil with a clean garden soil through a 200-mesh screen, removing small branches, weeds and dead leaves in the soil, screening out the seeds of aquatic weeds or other harmful bacteria, and adding coarse bone meal and slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer to prepare the cultivation soil;
s3, transplanting the aquatic plants cultivated in the step S2 into an ecological environment to be repaired after sprouting to a height of 20cm, applying fertilizer once for 3 weeks, and removing weeds in water;
s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired in the step S3, and detecting the water quality of the water ecological environment in real time, wherein the water quality monitoring devices adopt continuous online quantitative water quality analyzers, can monitor water quality data in real time, and form data reports for the change of key parameters of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water body;
s5, carrying out a data model for repairing water ecology construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system, wherein the modeling system adopts a MATLAB2021FOREDUCATION system to carry out data modeling, can carry out mathematical modeling on water quality data, and the analysis system adopts an SPSS201964Bit system to further analyze the modeled data, deduce relevant conclusions and form experimental results.
In conclusion, the aquatic plant community of the water ecological system is reconstructed, so that nutrient elements in water are absorbed and utilized, a living environment is provided for microorganisms to treat the eutrophic water body, and the method is suitable for repairing water surfaces of urban rivers, lakes and the like.
And all that is not described in detail in this specification is well known to those skilled in the art.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, selecting various aquatic plant seeds of a required type, and preparing for planting;
s2, selecting a planter with a required size, pouring cultivation soil to be cultivated into the planter, planting the aquatic plant seeds selected in the step S1 into the corresponding planter, and then placing the whole planter into a pretreated water body for seedling cultivation;
s3, transplanting the aquatic plants cultivated in the step S2 into an aquatic ecological environment to be repaired after sprouting to 15-20cm high, applying fertilizer once for 3-6 weeks, and removing weeds in water;
s4, installing a plurality of water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired in the step S3, and detecting the water quality of the water ecological environment in real time;
s5, carrying out a data model for repairing the water ecology construction by combining various aquatic plants through a modeling system, and then carrying out numerical analysis through an analysis system.
2. The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the multiple aquatic plants selected in the step S1 are any combination of two or more of potamogeton crispus, dwarf bitter algae, spica, gynura divaricata or gynura divaricata.
3. The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S2, the planter is one of a wooden box, a bamboo basket or a wicker basket.
4. The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the length of the planter in the step S2 is 16-20cm, the width is 12-14cm, and the height is 10-16cm.
5. The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cultivation soil in the step S2 is prepared by screening clean garden soil through a sieve with 100-200 meshes, removing small branches, weeds and dead leaves in the soil, sieving seeds of aquatic weeds or other harmful bacteria, and adding coarse bone powder and slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer.
6. The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the water quality monitoring devices in the step S4 are all continuous online quantitative water quality analyzers, can monitor water quality data in real time, change COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus key parameters in the water body, and form a data report.
7. The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S5, the modeling system uses MATLAB2021 foredata system to perform data modeling, so as to perform mathematical modeling on water quality data.
8. The ecological construction method for repairing water by combining multiple aquatic plants according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S5, the analysis system further analyzes the modeled data by adopting an SPSS201964Bit system, deduces a relevant conclusion and forms an experimental result.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118010952A (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-05-10 | 山西冶金岩土工程勘察有限公司 | Ecological management system for river channel |
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