CN113095719B - Lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method - Google Patents

Lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method Download PDF

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CN113095719B
CN113095719B CN202110476692.7A CN202110476692A CN113095719B CN 113095719 B CN113095719 B CN 113095719B CN 202110476692 A CN202110476692 A CN 202110476692A CN 113095719 B CN113095719 B CN 113095719B
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陈宇顺
熊芳园
过龙根
屈霄
辛未
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for evaluating and restoring the health of a lake ecosystem, which comprises the steps of acquiring real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters, performing assigned treatment on the real-time data, quantizing and calculating the most important water quality, habitat and biological indexes of the lake ecology to obtain water quality, habitat and biological indexes for respectively evaluating the lake ecology and lake ecosystem health indexes for comprehensively evaluating the health of the lake ecosystem, establishing a lake ecosystem layered arrangement tree structure database by using the data and the indexes, establishing a layered arrangement tree structure database of a lake ecosystem restoration method, setting corresponding threshold value ranges for the data of the lake ecosystem layered arrangement tree structure database, and comparing the data of each level of the lake ecosystem layered arrangement database with the corresponding threshold value ranges step by step from the top layer, when the data of each layer is matched with the corresponding threshold value range, a mapping relation is established between the database with the hierarchical tree structure of the lake ecosystem and the database with the hierarchical arrangement of the lake ecosystem restoration method, and finally the corresponding restoration technical method is accurately selected through the mapping relation to carry out feasible restoration on the lake, so that the health condition of the lake ecosystem is effectively improved.

Description

Lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for evaluating and repairing the health of a lake ecosystem, belonging to the field of environmental protection.
Background
The economy of China is rapidly developed in the past decades, but the damage of the rapid development of industry and agriculture to the natural environment is increasingly serious. Due to the emission of industrial harmful substances, the over-development of resources and the use of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides in large quantities, the ecological environment of China is seriously damaged and unbalanced, and the serious harm is brought to the survival and development of human beings. Because the population load of China is too heavy, unreasonable development and utilization of resources such as land, forest, water, mineral products and the like for a long time, necessary protection and construction of ecology, pollution of living waste gas and living garbage are lacked, the current ecological environment situation of China is very severe, and the ecological environment problem becomes a great problem influencing the national safety of China. Particularly, various water bodies directly discharged as early waste water, waste and municipal waste are serious disaster areas with ecological environment pollution, and the pollution of lakes is the most serious of the pollution, so the restoration of the ecology of lakes is imperative.
At present, the existing evaluation on the health of the lake ecosystem does not form a system, the study and judgment on the lake ecological condition are usually carried out only according to certain measured key indexes, and the comprehensive systematic diagnosis and evaluation on the lake ecological health condition are not carried out, so that a feasible correct restoration method is difficult to scientifically adopt, and the ecological pollution and deterioration of the lake environment are slightly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating and repairing the health of a lake ecosystem, which can comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the health of the lake ecosystem, quantize the evaluation result, and quickly select the combination of corresponding reasonable repairing methods according to the quantized evaluation index through the mapping relation between databases, thereby effectively repairing the ecological environment of the lake and improving the health condition of the lake ecosystem.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for evaluating and repairing the health of a lake ecosystem, which comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting real-time data of important ecological characteristic parameters of lakes, wherein the data structure of the characteristic parameters at least comprises a water quality parameter IWiHabitat parameter IHijAnd biological parameters IOij；
Wherein the water quality parameter IWiThe data structure of (1) comprises 8 parameters, and under the condition that real-time data is sufficient, the following 8 important biological parameters are selected as much as possible to participate in evaluation: i isW1、IW2、IW3、IW4、IW5、IW6、IW7And/or IW8. Wherein IW1Is chlorophyll a, IW2Water temperature, IW3Is dissolved oxygen DO, IW4Is pH value, IW5Is a total ofNitrogen TN, IW6Is ammonia nitrogen NH3-N、IW7Is total phosphorus TP, IW8To chemical oxygen demand CODMn；
Wherein the habitat parameter IHijThe data structure of (a) must include 3 broad categories of indices: index of bank zone IH1Substrate index IH2And water body index IH3. Each general habitat index comprises single or multiple habitat parameters, and under the condition of sufficient real-time data, the following important biological parameters are selected as much as possible to participate in evaluation. Wherein the land zone index IH1Including degree of urbanization I in lake regionsH11Degree of agricultural chemical in lake basin IH12Forest coverage I in lake basinH13Grassland coverage in lake basin IH14And/or natural shoreline ratio IH15(ii) a Substrate index IH2Including substrate condition IH21(ii) a Water body index IH3Including aquatic plant coverage IH31Lake surface water area atrophy rate IH32Smooth opening rate of river and lake communicating port IH33Water level average ratio I in water-rich periodH34And/or water level average ratio I in dry periodH35；
Wherein the biological parameter IOijThe data structure of (2) must include 7 broad categories of indices: bird index IO1And finless porpoise index IO2Fish index IO3Index of aquatic plant IO4Benthonic animal index IO5Index of phytoplankton IO6And/or zooplankton index IO7. Each large category of biological index contains a single or multiple biological parameters, and as many of the following biological parameters as possible are selected to participate in the evaluation given sufficient real-time data. Wherein bird index IO1Including the rate of change of avian species number IO11And rate of change in bird population number IO12(ii) a Index of finless porpoise IO2Including the change rate of the number of finless porpoise population IO21(ii) a Index of fish IO3Comprises the rate of change of the yield of natural fishery resources IO31Number of species of indigenous species IO32Number of foreign species IO33Migratory fish species number change rate IO34And/or stain resistant species ratio IO35(ii) a Index of aquatic plant IO4Including the change rate of species number of indigenous species IO41Number of foreign species IO42And/or stain resistant species ratio IO43(ii) a Index of benthonic animals IO5Including the change rate of species number of indigenous species IO51Number of foreign species IO52And/or stain-resistant species ratio IO53(ii) a Index of phytoplankton IO6Including the native genus change rate IO61Number of foreign species IO62Stain resistance species ratio IO63And/or the ratio of cyanobacterials IO64(ii) a Index of zooplankton IO7Including the change rate of species number of indigenous species IO71Number of foreign species IO72And/or stain resistant species ratio IO73；
(2) Processing data of all parameters acquired in the step (1)
(2.1) Water quality parameter I was assigned according to the assignment criteria in Table 1WiAssigning the collected real-time data to obtain IWiAssigned score value I 'corresponding to I-1, 2, … …, n'WiI is 1,2, … …, n, the non-collected assigned value is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then the water quality index I is calculated according to the formula 1 by using the weight value in the table 1W；
Figure BDA0003047634490000021
In the formula: i isWIs a water quality index, PiIs a water quality parameter IWiWeight of (1) is not more than PiNot more than 4, n is a natural number, n is not more than 8,
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003047634490000022
Figure BDA0003047634490000031
(2.2) mapping habitat parameters I according to the assigned standards in Table 2HijThe real-time data acquired in the system is assigned to obtain corresponding assigned pointsValue I'HijThe non-collected attribution is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then the habitat index I is calculated according to the formula 2 by utilizing the weight value in the table 2HiCalculating the habitat comprehensive index I according to the formula 3H；
Figure BDA0003047634490000032
In the formula: i isHiIs habitat index, I'HijIs a habitat parameter IHijAssigning values of (a); t isijIs a habitat parameter IHijWeight of (1) TijLess than or equal to 4; n is a natural number, and n is less than or equal to 5;
Figure BDA0003047634490000033
in the formula: i isHIs a comprehensive index of habitat, IHiIs an environmental index; t isiIs a environmental index IHiWeight of (1) TiLess than or equal to 4; n is a natural number, and n is 3;
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003047634490000034
Figure BDA0003047634490000041
(2.3) alignment of the biological parameter I according to the assignment criteria in Table 3OijThe acquired real-time data are assigned to obtain a corresponding assigned value I'OijIf the non-collected value is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then the biological index I is calculated according to the formula 4 according to the weight value in the table 3OijCalculating a biological comprehensive index Io according to a formula 5;
Figure BDA0003047634490000042
in the formula: i isOiIs biological index, I'OijIs a biological parameter IOijAssigning values of (a); qijIs a biological parameter IOijWeight of (1) or more, QijLess than or equal to 4; n is a natural number, and n is less than or equal to 5;
Figure BDA0003047634490000043
in the formula: i isOIs a biological comprehensive index, IOiIs a biological index; qiIs the corresponding biological index IOiWeight of (1) or more, QiNot more than 4, n is a natural number, and n is 7;
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003047634490000044
Figure BDA0003047634490000051
The parameters I used in the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (4)Wi、IHijAnd IOijThe acquisition of (2) meets the requirement of the step (1), and 0 is taken from the data which are not acquired;
(3) the Health index EHALL of the Lake Ecosystem is obtained by a formula 6, the EHALL is the Ecosystem Health Assessment of Large Lake acronym,
EHALL＝IWWW+IHWH+IOWOin the case of the formula 6,
in the formula: wWIs water quality index weight; wHIs a habitat index weight; wOIs a biological index weight;
WW、WH、WOthe addition is equal to 1;
(4) using the obtained lake ecosystem health index EHALL and water quality index IWHabitat index IHBiological index IOAnd assigning the collected real-time data of the lake ecological characteristic parametersEstablishing a hierarchical tree structure database of the lake ecosystem by using the values, wherein top layer data of the tree structure is a health index EHALL of the lake ecosystem, and middle layer data of the EHALL is a water quality index IWHabitat index IHAnd biological index IO，IHThe lower layer data of the subordinate is a bank zone IH1Substrate IH2And water body IH3，IOThe lower layer data of the subordinate is bird IO1Jiangtong pig IO2Fish IO3Aquatic plant IO4Benthonic animals IO5Phytoplankton IO6And zooplankton IO7Each lower layer data is subordinate to at least more than one bottom layer data, and the bottom layer data is assigned values of collected real-time lake ecological characteristic parameter data;
(5) establishing a hierarchically arranged tree structure database of a lake ecosystem restoration method, wherein a tree structure at least comprises top layer data, middle layer data, lower layer data and bottom layer data, the top layer data is a lake ecosystem comprehensive restoration method, the middle layer data subordinate to the top layer data comprises an incubation protection method B, a natural restoration method Z, an auxiliary restoration method F and an ecological remodeling method S, each middle layer data is subordinate to four lower layer data, and the lower layer data subordinate to the incubation protection method B comprises an incubation water quality restoration method BWAnd a method for restoring a conservation habitat BEAnd a conservation bioremediation method BA(ii) a Lower layer data of the natural recovery method Z subordinates comprises a natural water quality restoration method ZWNatural habitat restoration method ZEAnd natural bioremediation method ZA(ii) a The lower layer data of the subordinate of the auxiliary restoration method F comprises an auxiliary water quality restoration method FWAuxiliary habitat restoration method FEAnd methods of assisted bioremediation FA(ii) a Lower layer data of the subnatant of the ecological remodeling method S comprises an ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SWEcological remodeling habitat restoration method SEAnd ecological remodeling bioremediation method SA(ii) a Each lower layer data is subordinate to more than two bottom layer data, and the bottom layer data is a repair technical method;
(6) respectively setting corresponding threshold value ranges for all levels of data of a lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database, carrying out step-by-step comparison from the top level on all levels of data of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database and the corresponding threshold value ranges, when all levels of data of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database are matched with the corresponding threshold value ranges, establishing a mapping relation between the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database and the lake ecosystem restoration method hierarchical arrangement database according to a table 4, a table 5, a table 6 and a table 7, and selecting a corresponding restoration technical method through the mapping relation;
TABLE 4 threshold Range and mapping relationship one
EHALL＜Y11
↓
Ecological remodeling method S
↓
Auxiliary repair method F
↓
Natural recovery method Z
↓
Conservation and protection method B
TABLE 5 threshold Range and mapping relationship two
Figure BDA0003047634490000081
TABLE 6 threshold Range and mapping relationship III
Figure BDA0003047634490000091
TABLE 7 threshold Range and mapping relationship IV
Figure BDA0003047634490000101
(7) Repairing the lake by using a repair technology method selected according to the mapping relation;
(8) and (2) restoring the lake for a period of time by using a selected restoration technical method, then collecting real-time data of ecological characteristic parameters of the lake according to the step (1), and repeating the steps (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) until EHALL (EHALL) is more than or equal to 90.
The further improvement of the technical scheme is as follows:
the method for evaluating and repairing the health of the lake ecosystem comprises the step W in the step (3)WIs 0.2, WHIs 0.3, WOIs 0.5.
The method for evaluating and restoring the health of the lake ecosystem comprises the step (2) of weighting the value according to the water quality index IWWeight P ofiHabitat composite index IHWeight T ofiAnd TijAnd a biological comprehensive index IOWeight Q ofiAnd QijAnd setting weight for the reference value by using the historical numerical value of the early-stage optimal state year.
According to the method for evaluating and repairing the health of the lake ecosystem, the range of each domain value in the step (7) is determined according to a historical benchmark method, a mean value ratio method, a known target method or a target establishing method, and the historical benchmark method determines a threshold range by taking a historical value of the year of the optimal state in the previous period as a reference value; the average value ratio method is characterized in that the historical average value of a previous time stage is used as a reference value to determine a threshold range, and the evaluation parameter of the time stage is in an optimal state; the known target method is to determine a threshold range according to the prior known optimal data as a reference value; the target method is established by taking the harm degree to the health of the current lake ecosystem as a reference to determine the threshold range.
According to the method for evaluating and repairing the health of the lake ecosystem, the threshold ranges of health indexes EHALL in the top level data of the lake ecosystem in the step (6) are respectively EHALL < Y11、Y11≤EHALL＜Y12、Y12≤EHALL＜Y13And EHALL is more than or equal to Y13(ii) a The intermediate layer data of the lake ecosystem EHALL subordinates is water quality index IWRespectively is IW＜Y21、Y21≤IW＜Y22、Y22≤IW＜Y23And IW≥Y23Habitat index IHRespectively is IH＜Y21、Y21≤IH＜Y22、Y22≤IH＜Y23And IH≥Y23Biological index IORespectively is IO＜Y21、Y21≤IO＜Y22、Y22≤IO＜Y23And IO≥Y23(ii) a Index of Water quality IWThe subordinate bottom layer data is assigned value I 'of the collected real-time lake ecological characteristic parameter data'WiI-1, 2, … …,8, and the threshold range of each assigned value is I'Wi＜Y31、Y31≤I′Wi＜Y32、Y32≤I′Wi＜Y33And l'Wi≥Y33Ecological environment index IHThe lower layer data of the subordinate is a bank zone IH1Substrate IH2And water body IH3Biological index IOThe lower layer data of the subordinate is bird IO1Jiangtong pig IO2Fish IO3Aquatic plant IO4Benthonic animals IO5Phytoplankton IO6And zooplankton IO7。
The method for evaluating and repairing the health of the lake ecosystem comprises the step (6) of Y11Is 60, Y12Is 80, Y13Is 90; y is21Is 50, Y22Is 75, Y23Is 90; y is31Is 50, Y32Is 75, Y33Is 90.
In the method for evaluating and repairing the health of the lake ecosystem, in the hierarchically arranged tree-shaped structure database of the method for repairing the lake ecosystem established in the step (5), the underlying data under the underlying data is a repair technical method, in particular to a conservation water quality repair method BWThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises the domestic sewage treatment technology JW of urban residents1Input control technology JW for harmony water pollution source2(ii) a Natural water quality restoration method ZWThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises a water body self-purification restoration technology JW3JW (hybrid Water-gas) water changing technology4(ii) a Auxiliary water quality restoration method FWThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises the technology JW of the ecological stabilization pond5And a microbial agent feeding technology JW6And biofilm technique JW7(ii) a Ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SWThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprise the JW of aquaculture technology8And sediment dredging technology JW9(ii) a Conservation habitat restoration method BEThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises a technology JE for returning fish to lake1Lake bank renovation technology JE2And a comprehensive habitat conservation technology JE3(ii) a Natural habitat restoration method ZEThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises plant species matching planting technology JE4River and lake communication recovery technology JE5And plant community natural repair technology JE6(ii) a Auxiliary habitat restoration method FEThe subordinate bottom data at least comprises a submerged dam wave-eliminating technology JE7JE planting technology for forest belt around lake8And buffer zone vegetation restoration technology JE9(ii) a Ecological remodeling habitat restoration method SEThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises a constructed wetland technology JE10Ecological floating bed technology JE11And substrate habitat remodeling technology JE12(ii) a Conservation bioremediation method BAThe bottom layer data of the subordinate genera at least comprises grass algae control restoration technology JA1Biological invasive species control technique JA2Comprehensive bird nursing technology JA3(ii) a Natural bioremediation method ZAThe underlying data of the genus at least include in situ bioremediation technology JA4Water layer food chain control technology JA5And bird community natural restoration technology JA6(ii) a Assisted bioremediation method FAThe subordinate stratum data at least comprise aquatic plant restoration technology JA7Special fish throwing technology JA8Bird bait resource repairing technology JA9(ii) a Ecological remodeling bioremediation method SAThe subnatal data at least comprises aquatic animal throwing technology JA10Water plant community remodeling technology JA11And avian colony remodeling technique JA12。
The method for restoring lake ecosystem includes the existing restoration technique in the field of environmental protection, namely the bottom data of hierarchically arranged tree structure database, and the JW (joint Joule-derived) domestic sewage treatment technique1: urban resident domestic sewage is collected by a municipal drainage pipe network and is conveyed to a sewage treatment plant for treatment; water pollution source input control technology JW2: comprehensively treating pollution sources existing along the lake-entering river channel and the water replenishing line; water self-purification restoration technology JW3: the concentration of pollutants in the sewage is reduced under the action of physics, chemistry and biology of the water body, so that the water body is restored to the state before pollution and is decomposed under the action of microorganisms, and the water body is restored to be clean from unclean; power water changing technology JW4: periodically supplementing water, accelerating lake water exchange, enabling lake water to move, improving self-purification capacity of the lake water, improving water quality of the lake and reducing eutrophication degree of the lake; ecological stabilization pond technology JW5: the general name of the structure for treating sewage by utilizing natural purification capacity is that a pond is taken as a main structure, a treatment facility for purifying sewage by utilizing a natural biological population is utilized, a stable pond takes solar energy as initial energy, aquatic plants are planted in the pond to culture aquatic products and water-fowl to form an artificial ecosystem, organic pollutants entering the sewage in the pond are degraded and transformed by the material migration and transformation of a plurality of food chains in the stable pond and the gradual transmission and transformation of the energy under the promotion of the solar energy as the initial energy, finally the pollutants are removed, the aquatic plants, the aquatic products and the water-fowl are taken as resources to be recovered, and the purified sewage is taken as a renewable resource to be recovered and reused; throw-inMicrobial inoculant releasing technology JW6: the activity of bacteria microorganisms is utilized to convert toxic and harmful pollutants into nontoxic or low-toxicity inorganic compounds, so that the water body is recovered to be self-cleaned, or the compound microbial agent which has obvious effect on pollutant degradation through artificial culture and artificial modification is added into the water body to be acted with the microorganisms carried by the water body, so that the organic pollutants are degraded, and the pollutants are effectively removed; biomembrane technology JW7: when a large number of microorganisms are enriched on a carrier with a large specific surface area, the microorganisms contain rich nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and the carrier can effectively intercept, adsorb and degrade the substances, so that pollutants in water are decomposed, and redundant nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are converted to achieve the effect of purifying a polluted water body; aquaculture technology JW8: by utilizing water areas for cultivation and planting, the ecological habits of cultivated objects and the requirements on the environmental conditions of the water areas are different, and aquatic economic animal and plant cultivation is carried out by applying aquaculture technology and facilities; bottom mud dredging technology JW9: scientifically making a lake region dredging plan, mainly cleaning the lake bottom surface layer sludge in a local region by adopting an environment-friendly ecological dredging method, improving the depth of the lake region, removing the pollutant content of the bottom sludge, and effectively controlling the adverse effect of the decomposition and release of organic matters in the bottom sludge on the water quality of a water body after the temperature of summer and autumn rises; simultaneously, dredging and comprehensive treatment of the river channel entering the lake are carried out, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the bottom mud are reduced through ecological dredging, and the smoothness of the river channel water system is ensured, so that the water quality of the river channel entering the lake is improved; technology JE for returning fish to lake1: dismantling culture facilities influencing the natural ecological landscape of the lake to recover the water surface of the lake; lake bank renovation technology JE2: comprehensively cleaning, regulating and discharging the searched illegal and illegal bank line utilization projects to open a river and lake flood passage and widen the area of a water area; comprehensive habitat conservation technology JE3: the original habitat characteristics are protected or built through various means, and the habitat diversity is protected; plant species matching planting technology JE4: according to the state of an ecological system, combining with the ecological rule of plants, preferably selecting the plant species under specified conditions, and selecting a proper environment for planting; river and lake communication recovery technology JE5: maintaining the system,Remodeling or building a river and lake water flow connecting channel, maintaining hydrologic cycle, material cycle and energy cycle of a river and lake basin such as excavating and dredging the connecting channel, and dismantling a control gate dam; natural restoration technology JE for plant community6: the plant community is restored to the state before pollution through the physical, chemical and biological actions of the ecological system; submerged dam wave eliminating technology JE7: submerged in lake area to control water level below high level, and constructed mainly for wave elimination in lakeside zone; lake-surrounding forest belt planting technology JE8: the recovered and reconstructed bank slope vegetation plays a role of galleries, filters and barriers on logistics, energy flows, information flows and biological flows among water and land ecosystems, plays a role in controlling water and soil loss, protecting water and lands, increases species provenance of animals and plants, improves biodiversity and productivity of the ecosystems, and has a plurality of functions of regulating microclimate and beautifying the environment; vegetation restoration technology JE for buffer zone9: constructing a bank at the upslope of the buffer zone and planting aquatic plants to finally form an ecological barrier which is organically connected in a region space, reasonably continues in an ecological structure and effectively buffers pollution migration; artificial wetland technology JE10: the method is characterized in that a pool or a groove is built manually, a water-resisting layer is laid, a matrix layer is filled, then aquatic plants are planted, or polluted water is controllably distributed on a wet land with large aquatic plants and filter-feeding fishes to be always in a saturated state, and then the sewage is purified when passing through the comprehensive action of the water-resisting plants, soil and the fishes by utilizing the physical, chemical and biological synergistic action of the matrix, the plants and the microorganisms; ecological floating bed technology JE11: a water body ecology in-situ restoration technology; the traditional ecological floating bed is a water surface soilless plant planting technology which is formed by integrating ecological engineering measures on the basis of modern agriculture by utilizing the restoration effect of aquatic plants and the soilless culture principle; bottom material habitat remodeling technology JE12: the optimal substrate composition of the lake and the optimal substrate habitat factor composition are analyzed by selecting areas with proper water quality and abundant underground water for substrate observation; then, performing substrate habitat reconstruction on the damaged substrate area through substrate re-tillage and substrate paving reconstruction technology; grass algae control restoration technology JA1: selecting proper aquatic plant species for controllingFloating algae biomass and nutritive salt content in the water preparation body are prepared, so that the aim of purifying water quality is fulfilled; biological invasive seed control technique JA2: biological invasion is effectively controlled, invasive species are comprehensively cleaned and buried, and development of invasive species is controlled; meanwhile, the manual stocking and the scattered breeding of invasive species in the lake region are forbidden, so that the ecological risk is avoided; continuously monitoring the existing foreign species and evaluating the risk brought by the foreign species; bird comprehensive conservation technology JA3: comprehensively protecting bird communities; in situ bioremediation technique JA4: under the condition of not changing the positions of soil and rivers, the degradation of soil organic pollutants by soil indigenous microorganisms or exogenous microorganisms is improved by adding a microbial reagent, nutrient elements and a soil conditioner, so that the soil and the rivers are repaired; water layer food chain control technology JA5: the purpose of controlling the propagation of algae and other phytoplankton is achieved by adjusting the structure of aquatic animal communities and the structure of a food net of an aquatic system and utilizing the feeding relationship among organisms, and the wetland ecosystem in the area is guided to enter virtuous circle as soon as possible; natural recovery technique JA for bird community6: through the physical, chemical and biological effects of the ecological system, the bird community is restored to the state before interference; aquatic plant repairing technology JA7: the recovery and reconstruction of aquatic vegetation is the key of the restoration of the ecological environment of the water body; the aquatic plants are natural-skeleton of rivers and lakes, are the key for maintaining and maintaining biological diversity, prolonging food chain, cultivating and strengthening complex food network, and promote the health of an ecological system and maintain various ecological and service functions of the system; special fish throwing technology JA8: regulating and repairing lake fish communities by breeding and releasing special fishes; bird bait resource repairing technology JA9: breeding bait fish resources, improving the suitability of the marsh wetland as a habitat of fishes and birds, and recovering the structure of a marsh wetland food chain; aquatic animal throwing technology JA10: artificial breeding and releasing are carried out, more artificial breeding and releasing stations for fish are established to make up the shortage of the resource supply amount of fish population, the larval fish bred in the lake are fished, the larval fish are bred in the pond with a large amount of plankton for 2 to 3 months, and then the larval fish are returned to the lakeMooring, increasing the quantity of fishery resources in the lake, and improving the production performance and production capacity of the lake fishery; developing and culturing the body cell technology of the Changjiang river finless porpoise, establishing a body cell bank and strengthening the artificial propagation of the finless porpoise; aquatic plant community remodeling technology JA11: adjusting the variety and community layout of the aquatic plants, and planting or removing the aquatic plants so as to improve the community structure of the aquatic plants in the lake; avian community remodeling technique JA12: adjusting bird species and community layout, and stocking birds, thereby improving bird community structure.
In the method for evaluating and repairing the health of the lake ecosystem, the threshold ranges and mapping relations in the table 4, the table 5, the table 6 and the table 7 in the step (6) are as follows: EHALL < Y11Sequentially starting all restoration technical methods under an ecological remodeling method S, an auxiliary restoration method F, a natural restoration method Z and a conservation protection method B; y is11≤EHALL＜Y12Starting an auxiliary restoration method F, a natural restoration method Z and a conservation protection method B in sequence, and further performing a water quality index IWHabitat index IHAnd biological index IOIs judged as the threshold value range of IW＜Y21Sequentially starting an ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SWAuxiliary water quality restoration method FWNatural water quality repairing method ZWAnd conservation water quality restoration method BWAll repair techniques of the following genus, when IH＜Y21Sequentially starting ecological remodeling habitat restoration method SEAuxiliary habitat restoration method FENatural habitat restoration method ZEAnd a method for restoring a child-care habitat BEWhen I isO＜Y21Sequentially starting an ecological remodeling bioremediation method SAAuxiliary bioremediation method FANatural bioremediation method ZAAnd conservation bioremediation method BA(ii) a When Y is11≤EHALL＜Y12And Y is21≤IW＜Y22Sequentially starting an auxiliary water quality restoration method FWNatural water quality repairing method ZWAnd conservation water quality restoration method BWAnd further to I'wiIs judged as being I'W1＜Y31Or l'W2＜Y31Starting auxiliary water quality restoration method FWJW of (1)5Is when l'W3＜Y31、I′W4＜Y31Or l'W5＜Y31Starting auxiliary water quality restoration method FWJW in (1)6Is when l'W6＜Y31、I′W7＜Y31Or l'W8＜Y31Auxiliary water quality restoration method FWJW in (1)7Is when l'W1＜Y31、I′W3＜Y31、I′W5＜Y31Or l'W6＜Y31Starting natural water quality restoration method ZWJW in (1)3Is when l'W2＜Y31、I′W4＜Y31、I′W7＜Y31Or l'W8＜Y31Starting natural water quality restoration method ZWJW in (1)4Is when l'W1＜Y31、I′W3＜Y31、I′W5＜Y31Or l'W6＜Y31Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW of (1)1Is when l'W2＜Y31、I′W4＜Y31、I′W7＜Y31Or l'W8＜Y31Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW in (1)2(ii) a When Y is11≤EHALL＜Y12And Y is21≤IH＜Y22Sequentially starting an auxiliary habitat restoration method FENatural habitat restoration method ZEAnd a method for restoring a child-care habitat BEAnd further on IHiIs judged as being I'H1＜Y31Assisted habitat Enabled method FEJE of (1)7Is when l'H2＜Y31Assisted habitat Enabled method FEJE of (1)8Is when l'H3＜Y31Assisted habitat Enabled method FEJE of (1)9Is when l'H1＜Y31Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)5Is when l'H2＜Y31Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)4Is when l'H3＜Y31Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)6Is when l'H1＜Y31Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)3Is when l'H2＜Y31Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)1Is when l'H3＜Y31Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)2(ii) a When Y is11≤EHALL＜Y12And Y is21≤IO＜Y22Sequentially starting an auxiliary bioremediation method FANatural bioremediation method ZAAnd a conservation bioremediation method BAAnd further on IOiIs judged as being I'O1＜Y31Starting ancillary biological methods FAJA in (1)9Is when l'O2＜Y31、I′O4＜Y31Or l'O7＜Y31Starting an assisted bioremediation method FAJA in (1)7Is when l'O3＜Y31、I′O5＜Y31Or l'O6＜Y31Starting an assisted bioremediation method FAJA in (1)8Is when l'O1＜Y31Natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)6Is when l'O3＜Y31、I′O5＜Y31Or l'O7＜Y31Starting natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)5Is when l'O2＜Y31、I′O4＜Y31Or l'O6＜Y31Starting natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)4Is when l'O1＜Y31Conservation bioremediation method BAJA in (1)3Is when l'O4＜Y31Or l'O6＜Y31Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)1Is when l'O2＜Y31、I′O3＜Y31、I′O5＜Y31Or I'O7＜Y31Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)2(ii) a When Y is12≤EHALL＜Y13And Y is22≤IW＜Y23Starting natural water quality restoration method Z in sequenceWAnd conservation water quality restoration method BWAnd further to I'wiIs judged as being I'W1＜Y32、I′W3＜Y32、I′W5＜Y32Or l'W6＜Y32Starting natural water quality restoration method ZWJW in (1)3Is when l'W2＜Y32、I′W4＜Y32、I′W7＜Y32Or l'W8＜Y32Starting natural water quality restoration method ZWJW in (1)4Is when l'W1＜Y32、I′W3＜Y32、I′W5＜Y32Or l'W6＜Y32Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW in (1)1When is'W2＜Y32、I′W4＜Y32、I′W7＜Y32Or l'W8＜Y32Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW of (1)2(ii) a When Y is12≤EHALL＜Y13And Y is22≤IH＜Y23Sequentially starting natural habitat restoration method ZEAnd a method for restoring a child-care habitat BEAnd further on IHiIs judged as being I'H1＜Y32Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)5Is when l'H2＜Y32Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE in4Is when l'H3＜Y32Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE in6Is when l'H1＜Y32Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)3Is when l'H2＜Y32Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)1Is when l'H3＜Y32Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE in2(ii) a When Y is12≤EHALL＜Y13And Y is22≤IO＜Y23In turn start the natural lifeMethod for repairing object ZAAnd a conservation bioremediation method BAAnd further on IOiIs judged as being I'O1＜Y32Natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)6Is when l'O3＜Y32、I′O5＜Y32Or l'O7＜Y32Starting natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)5When is'O2＜Y32、I′O4＜Y32Or l'O6＜Y32Starting natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)4Is when l'O1＜Y32Conservation bioremediation method BAJA in (1)3Is when l'O4＜Y32Or l'O6＜Y32Method B for restoring nursing organismsAJA in (1)1Is when l'O2＜Y32、I′O3＜Y32、I′O5＜Y32Or l'O7＜Y32Method B for restoring nursing organismsAJA in (1)2(ii) a When EHALL is more than or equal to Y13And I isW≥Y23Starting conservation water quality restoration method BWAnd further to I'wiIs judged as being I'W1＜Y33、I′W3＜Y33、I′W5＜Y33Or l'W6＜Y33Method B for restoring conservation water qualityWJW of (1)1Is when l'W2＜Y33、I′W4＜Y33、I′W7＜Y33Or l'W8＜Y33Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW in (1)2(ii) a When EHALL is more than or equal to Y13And IH≥Y23Starting conservation habitat restoration method BEIs when l'H1＜Y33Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)3When is'H2＜Y33Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)1Is when l'H3＜Y33Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)2(ii) a When EHALL is more than or equal to Y13And IO≥Y23Starting the conservation bioremediation method BAAnd further on IOiIs judged as being I'O1＜Y33Conservation bioremediation method BAJA in (1)3When is'O4＜Y33Or l'O6＜Y33Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)1Is when l'O2＜Y33、I′O3＜Y33、I′O5＜Y33Or l'O7＜Y33Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)2。
The one cycle time in the step (8) is not less than 180 days, and the larger the EHALL is, the longer the one cycle time is.
According to the technical scheme, the lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method provided by the invention is characterized in that the most important water quality, habitat and biological comprehensive index of lake ecology are quantified after real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters are collected and subjected to data processing such as assigning and the like on the real-time data of all parameters, the water quality index, habitat comprehensive index and biological index for evaluating the lake habitat and the lake ecosystem health index for comprehensively evaluating the lake ecosystem health are obtained through scientific calculation, and the obtained lake ecosystem health index EHALL and water quality index I are usedWHabitat index IHBiological index IOEstablishing a hierarchical arrangement tree structure database of the lake ecosystem by assigning values of the collected real-time data of the lake ecological characteristic parameters, establishing a hierarchical arrangement tree structure database of the lake ecosystem restoration method, setting corresponding threshold value ranges for all levels of data of the hierarchical arrangement tree structure database of the lake ecosystem respectively, comparing all levels of data of the hierarchical arrangement database of the lake ecosystem with the corresponding threshold value ranges step by step from the top, and establishing mapping between the hierarchical arrangement tree structure database of the lake ecosystem and the hierarchical arrangement database of the lake ecosystem restoration method when all levels of data of the hierarchical arrangement database of the lake ecosystem are matched with the corresponding threshold value rangesAnd selecting a corresponding restoration technical method through the mapping relation, thereby achieving the effects of scientifically evaluating the health condition of the lake ecosystem, quickly selecting an effective restoration technical method and continuously improving the lake ecology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hierarchical tree structure database of the lake ecosystem of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a hierarchically arranged tree-structured database of the lake ecosystem restoration method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table 4 of threshold ranges and mapping relationships one of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a table 5 of threshold ranges and a second mapping relationship of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a table 6 threshold range and mapping relationship III of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a table 7 of threshold ranges and mapping relationships according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
the embodiment is to collect the Poyang lake water quality parameter I aiming at the health evaluation and restoration of the Poyang lake ecological systemWiData I ofW1＝17.114、IW2＝28.225、IW3＝7.314、IW4＝7.136、IW5＝1.348、IW6＝0.036、IW70.075 and IW82.359; poyang lake habitat parameter bank zone IHijData of (2) IH11＝1.4、IH12＝1、IH13＝1、IH140.9 and IH151, habitat substrate parameter IH2jData I ofH21Rich substrate, balanced sludge and fine sand ratio, and habitat water body parameter IH3jData I ofH31＝1、IH320.67 and IH331; parameter I of Yanghu organism finless porpoise is collectedO2jData I ofO211, fish parameter IO3jData I ofO31＝1、IO320.46, aquatic plant parameter IO4jData of (2) IO410.26, benthonic parameter IO5jData I ofO510.93, phytoplankton parametersIO6jData I ofO611, zooplankton parameter IO7jData I ofO71＝0.28。
The real-time data collected in the invention is the most main and common parameter in the lake ecological characteristic parameters, and can be increased or selected according to the actual condition of the lake to be repaired in practice, and the real-time data can be original data or the ratio of the real-time data to historical data or target data.
a. According to the table 1, the collected water quality parameters IWiThe real-time data are assigned to corresponding assigned values, which are shown in table 8, and the water quality index I is set by taking the historical value of the optimal state year of the Yanghu in the previous period as a reference valueWWeight P ofi，PiValues are detailed in Table 8, according to
Figure BDA0003047634490000171
Yanghu water quality index I is calculatedWWhich is calculated as
IW＝(3*70+1*60+4*100+1*90+2*30+3*80+1*65+3*100)/18＝79.2
evaluation score of Yanghu water quality index is 79.2
TABLE 8
Figure BDA0003047634490000181
b. According to Table 2, the collected habitat index IHAssigning real-time data to obtain corresponding assigning values detailed in Table 9, and setting a habitat comprehensive index I by taking a historical value of the year of the optimal state of the Yanghu in the previous period as a reference valueHWeight T ofiAnd Tij，TiAnd TijValues are detailed in Table 9, according to
Figure BDA0003047634490000182
And formula
Figure BDA0003047634490000183
The Poyang lake habitat index is calculated according to the formula
IH1＝(1*10+1*100+1*100+1*70+1*70)/5＝70
IH2＝(1*100)/1＝100
IH3＝(1*100+1*30+1*100)/3＝76.7
IH＝(1*70+1*100+1*76.7)/3＝82.2
evaluation score of Yanghu habitat index is 82.2
TABLE 9
Figure BDA0003047634490000184
Figure BDA0003047634490000191
c. The collected biological indicators I were measured according to Table 3OAssigning real-time data to obtain corresponding assigning values detailed in Table 10, and setting biological comprehensive index I with history value of year of optimum state of Yanghu in earlier period as reference valueOWeight Q ofiAnd QijSee table 10 for details, according to the formula
Figure BDA0003047634490000192
And formula
Figure BDA0003047634490000193
biological index I of Yanghu is calculatedOWhich is calculated as
IO2＝(1*100)/1＝100
IO3＝(1*100+1*30)/2＝65
IO4＝(1*10)/1＝10
IO5＝(1*100)/1＝100
IO6＝(1*100)/1＝100
IO7＝(1*10)/1＝10
IO＝(3*100+3*65+1*10+1*100+1*100+1*10)/10＝71.5
Watch 10
Figure BDA0003047634490000194
Figure BDA0003047634490000201
According to the formula EHALL ═ IWWW+IHWH+IOWOCalculating Yanghu ecological health index, wherein WW＝0.2，WH＝0.3，WO0.5, the calculation formula is
EHALL＝0.2*79.2+0.3*82.2+0.5*71.5＝76.3
lake ecological health index EHALL of Yanghu was found to be 76.3.
As shown in FIG. 1, the Poyang lake ecosystem health index EHALL and water quality index I obtained from the above methodWEcological environment index IHBiological index IOEstablishing a Poyang lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database by assigning values to the collected real-time data of the ecological characteristic parameters of the lake, wherein top-level data of the tree structure are health indexes EHALL of the lake ecosystem, and middle-level data under the EHALL are water quality indexes IWEcological environment index IHAnd biological index IO，IHThe lower layer data of the subordinate is a bank zone IH1Substrate IH2And water body IH3，IOThe lower layer data of the subordinate is finless porpoise IO2Fish IO3Aquatic plant IO4Benthonic animals IO5Phytoplankton IO6And zooplankton IO7Each lower layer data is subordinate to at least more than one bottom layer data, and the bottom layer data is assigned values of collected real-time lake ecological characteristic parameter data.
As shown in fig. 2, a hierarchically arranged tree-structured database of the lake ecosystem restoration method is established, the tree structure at least includes top layer data, middle layer data, lower layer data and bottom layer data, the top layer data is a lake ecosystem comprehensive restoration method, and the middle layer data subordinate to the top layer data includes a conservation protection method B, a natural restoration method Z, an auxiliary restoration method F and a birth dateA dynamic remodeling method S, four lower layer data are subordinate to each middle layer data, wherein the lower layer data subordinate to the conservation protection method B comprise a conservation water quality restoration method BWAnd a conservation ecological environment restoration method BEAnd a conservation bioremediation method BA(ii) a Lower layer data of the natural recovery method Z subordinates comprises a natural water quality restoration method ZWNatural ecological environment restoring method ZEAnd natural bioremediation method ZA(ii) a The lower layer data of the subordinate of the auxiliary restoration method F comprises an auxiliary water quality restoration method FWAuxiliary ecological environment restoration method FEAnd methods of assisted bioremediation FA(ii) a Lower layer data of the subnatant of the ecological remodeling method S comprises an ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SWEcological remodeling ecological environment restoration method SEAnd ecological remodeling bioremediation method SA(ii) a Each lower layer data is subordinate to more than two bottom layer data, and the bottom layer data is a repair technical method.
Respectively setting corresponding threshold value ranges for all levels of data of the Poyang lake ecological system hierarchical arrangement tree structure database according to the established target method, wherein Y is11Is 60, Y12Is 80, Y13Is 90; y is21Is 50, Y22Is 75, Y23Is 90; y is31Is 50, Y32Is 75, Y33Is 90.
Comparing each level of data of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database with the corresponding threshold range step by step from the top level according to the threshold range and the mapping relation shown in the figures 3, 4, 5 and 6, when each level of data of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database is matched with the corresponding threshold range, establishing the mapping relation between the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database and the lake ecosystem restoration method hierarchical arrangement database, and selecting the corresponding restoration technical method through the mapping relation;
lake ecological health index of Yanghu is 76.3, EHALL is more than or equal to 60 and less than 80, then auxiliary restoration method F, natural restoration method Z and conservation protection method B are started in turn, and further water quality index I is measuredWHabitat index IHAnd biological index IOIs judged by the threshold value range of Poyang lake water quality index IWIs 79.2, 60 is less than or equal to EHALL less than 80 and 75 is less than or equal to IWLess than 90, starting natural water quality restoration method Z in sequenceWAnd conservation water quality restoration method BW(ii) a And further to l'wiIs judged according to the threshold value range of'W1＝70、I′W3＝100、I′W530 or l'W680, starting natural water quality restoration method ZWSelf-purification repair technology JW for medium water body3，I′W2＝60、I′W4＝90、I′W765 or I'W8100 starting natural water quality restoration method ZWMedium power water changing technology JW4，I′W1＝70、I′W3＝100、I′W530 or l'W680-started conservation water quality restoration method BWChina town resident domestic sewage treatment technology JW1，I′W2＝60、I′W4＝90、I′W765 or I'W8Starting a conservation water quality restoration method B when the water quality is 100 DEGWThe input control technology JW of the water pollution source2。
Poyang lake habitat index IHIs 82.2, 60 is more than or equal to EHALL less than 80 and 75 is more than or equal to IHLess than 90, starting natural habitat restoration method Z in sequenceEAnd a method for restoring a child-care habitat BE(ii) a And further to IHiIs judged according to the threshold value range of'H1Method for starting natural habitat as 10EMiddle river and lake communication recovery technology JE5；I′H2100-enabled natural habitat method ZEPlant species matching and planting technology JE4；I′H31＝100、I′H32＝30、I′H33100-enabled natural habitat method ZENatural restoration technology JE of plant community in (1)6；I′H11＝10、I′H12＝100、I′H13＝100、I′H14＝70、I′H1570 starting method for protecting habitatEGeneral habitat conservation technology JE3；I′H2100 starting method for protecting habitatEMiddle-grade fishery and lake returning technology JE1；I′H31＝100、I′H32＝30、I′H33Start-up 100Method for conserving habitat BEMiddle lake bank renovation technology JE2。
Poyang lake biological index IOIs 71.5, 60 is more than or equal to EHALL less than 80 and 50 is more than or equal to IOLess than 75, and sequentially starting an auxiliary biological repair method FANatural bioremediation method ZAAnd a conservation bioremediation method BAAnd further on IOiIs judged according to the threshold value range of'O10-Start-of-Assist biological method FAChinese bird bait resource repairing technology JA9；；I′O2＝100、I′O410 or l'O710-start assisted bioremediation method FANatural repair technology JA for aquatic plant community7；I′O3＝100、I′O5100 or l'O6100-initiated assisted bioremediation method FAMiddle and special fish throwing technology JA8；I′O10 natural bioremediation method ZANatural recovery technique JA of medium bird community6；I′O3＝100、I′O5100 or l'O710-initiated natural bioremediation method ZAMiddle water layer food chain control technology JA5；I′O2＝100、I′O410 or l'O6100-initiated natural bioremediation method ZAIn situ bioremediation technique JA4；I′O10. nursing biological repairing method BAComprehensive conservation technology JA for medium-sized birds3；I′O4＝101Or l'O6100-initiated conservation bioremediation method BAChinese herbal medicine algae-controlling repairing technology JA1；I′O2＝100、I′O3＝30、I′O5100 or l'O7100-initiated conservation bioremediation method BABiological invasive species control technique JA2。
In summary, the combined restoration technical method selected for the actual ecosystem health condition of the Yanghu comprises the following steps: aiming at the aspect of water quality, adopting the JW technology for treating the domestic sewage of urban residents1Input control technology JW for water pollution source2Self-purification and restoration technology JW for water body3JW (hybrid Water-gas) water changing technology4(ii) a Adopts a technology JE of returning fish and lake aiming at the habitat1Lake bank renovation technology JE2JE (Japanese encephalitis) comprehensive habitat conservation technology3Plant species matching and planting technology JE4River and lake communication recovery technology JE5Plant community natural restoration technology JE6(ii) a Adopts grass-control algae repairing technology JA aiming at biology1Biological invasive species control technique JA2Bird comprehensive conservation technology JA3In situ bioremediation technique JA4Water layer food chain control technology JA5Natural recovery technique JA for bird community6Natural repairing technology JA for aquatic plant community7Special fish throwing technology JA8Bird bait resource repairing technology JA9。
And (3) restoring the Poyang lake by adopting the selected combined restoration technology method, collecting real-time data of ecological characteristic parameters of the lake according to the step (1) after a period of time, namely 360 days, repeating the steps (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7), further restoring the Poyang lake according to the restoration technology method selected again, and continuously restoring until EHALL is obtained and is more than or equal to 90.

Claims (5)

1. A method for evaluating and repairing the health of a lake ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting real-time data of important ecological characteristic parameters of lakes, wherein the data structure of the characteristic parameters at least comprises a water quality parameter IWiHabitat parameter IHijAnd biological parameters IOij；
Wherein the water quality parameter IWiThe data structure of (2) includes 8 parameters: I.C. AW1、IW2、IW3、IW4、IW5、IW6、IW7And IW8In which IW1Is chlorophyll a, IW2Water temperature, IW3Is dissolved oxygen DO, IW4Is pH value, IW5Is total nitrogen TN, IW6Is ammonia nitrogen NH3-N、IW7Is total phosphorus TP, IW8To chemical oxygen demand CODMn；
Wherein the habitat parameter IHijThe data structure of (a) must include 3 broad categories of indices: index of bank zone IH1Substrate index IH2And water body index IH3Each class of habitat index comprises a single or multiple habitat parameters, wherein the bank index IH1Including degree of urbanization I in lake regionsH11Degree of agricultural chemical in lake basin IH12Forest coverage in lake basin IH13Grassland coverage in lake basin IH14And/or natural shoreline ratio IH15(ii) a Substrate index IH2Including substrate condition IH21(ii) a Water body index IH3Including aquatic plant coverage IH31Lake surface water area atrophy rate IH32Smooth opening rate of river and lake communicating port IH33Water level average ratio I in water-rich periodH34And/or water level average ratio I in dry periodH35；
Wherein the biological parameter IOijThe data structure of (2) must include 7 broad categories of indices: bird index IO1And finless porpoise index IO2Fish index IO3Index of aquatic plant IO4Benthonic animal index IO5Index of phytoplankton IO6And/or zooplankton index IO7Each large biological index contains single or multiple biological parameters, and the following important biological parameters are selected as much as possible to participate in evaluation under the condition of sufficient real-time data, wherein the bird index IO1Including the rate of change of avian species number IO11And rate of change in bird population number IO12(ii) a Index of finless porpoise IO2Including the change rate I of the number of finless porpoise populationsO21(ii) a Index of fish IO3Comprises the rate of change of the yield of natural fishery resources IO31Number of species of indigenous species IO32Number of foreign species IO33Migratory fish species number change rate IO34And/or stain resistant species ratio IO35(ii) a Index of aquatic plant IO4Including the change rate of species number of indigenous species IO41Number of foreign species IO42And/or stain resistant species ratio IO43(ii) a Index of benthonic animals IO5Including the change rate of species number of indigenous species IO51Number of foreign species IO52And stain-resistant species ratio IO53(ii) a Index of phytoplankton IO6Including the change rate of the indigenous species IO61Number of foreign species IO62Contamination resistant species ratio IO63And/or the ratio of cyanobacterials IO64(ii) a Index of zooplankton IO7Including the change rate of species number of indigenous species IO71Number of foreign species IO72And/or stain resistant species ratio IO73；
(2) Performing data processing on all the parameters acquired in the step (1):
(2.1) according to the mark standard, the water quality parameter IWiAssigning the collected real-time data to obtain IWiAssigned score value I 'corresponding to I-1, 2, … …, n'WiI is 1,2, … …, n, the non-collected assigned value is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then the water quality index I is calculated according to the formula 1 by using the weight valueW；
Figure FDA0003552187030000021
In the formula: i isWIs a water quality index, PiIs a water quality parameter IWi1 is less than or equal to PiNot more than 4, n is a natural number, n is not more than 8,
(2.2) mapping the habitat parameter I according to the assigned standardHijThe real-time data acquired in the step (2) are assigned to obtain a corresponding assigned score value I'HijIf the assignment not collected is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then the habitat index I is calculated according to the formula 2 according to the weight valueHiCalculating the habitat comprehensive index I according to the formula 3H；
Figure FDA0003552187030000022
In the formula: i isHiIs habitat index, I'HijIs a habitat parameter IHijAssigning values of (a); t isijIs a habitat parameter IHijWeight of (1) TijLess than or equal to 4; n is a natural number, and n is less than or equal to 5;
Figure FDA0003552187030000023
in the formula: i isHIs a comprehensive index of habitat, IHiIs an environmental index; t isiIs a environmental index IHiWeight of (1) TiLess than or equal to 4; n is a natural number, and n is 3;
(2.3) alignment of the biological parameter I according to the assignment criteriaOijThe acquired real-time data are assigned to obtain a corresponding assigned value I'OijIf the non-collected assigned value is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then the biological index I is calculated according to the formula 4 according to the weight valueOijCalculating a biological comprehensive index Io according to a formula 5;
Figure FDA0003552187030000024
in the formula: i isOiIs biological index, I'OijIs a biological parameter IOijAssigning values of (a); qijIs a biological parameter IOijWeight of (1) or more, QijLess than or equal to 4; n is a natural number, and n is less than or equal to 5;
Figure FDA0003552187030000031
in the formula: I.C. AOIs a biological comprehensive index, IOiIs a biological index; qiIs the corresponding biological index IOiWeight of (1) QiN is not more than 4, n is a natural number, and n is 7;
the parameters I used in the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (4)Wi、IHijAnd IOijThe acquisition of (2) meets the requirement of the step (1), and 0 is taken from the data which are not acquired;
in the step, the water quality index I is set by taking the historical value of the year of the optimal state in the previous period as a reference valueWWeight P ofiHabitat composite index IHWeight T ofiAnd TijAnd biological comprehensive index IOWeight Q ofiAnd Qij；
(3) The health index EHALL of the Lake Ecosystem is obtained by a formula 6, the EHALL is the Ecosystem health assessment of Large Lake acronym,
EHALL＝IWWW+IHWH+IOWOin the case of the formula 6,
in the formula: wWIs the water quality index weight; wHIs a habitat index weight; wOIs a biological index weight;
WW、WH、WOthe addition is equal to 1;
(4) using the obtained lake ecosystem health index EHALL and water quality index IWHabitat index IHBiological index IOEstablishing a hierarchical tree structure database of the lake ecosystem by assigning values of the collected real-time data of the lake ecological characteristic parameters, wherein top-level data of the tree structure is a health index EHALL of the lake ecosystem, and middle-level data of the EHALL is a water quality index IWHabitat index IHAnd biological index IO，IHThe lower layer data of the subordinate is a bank zone IH1Substrate IH2And water body IH3，IOThe lower layer data of the subordinate is bird IO1Jiangtong pig IO2Fish IO3Aquatic plant IO4Benthonic animals IO5Phytoplankton IO6And zooplankton IO7Each lower layer data is subordinate to at least more than one bottom layer data, and the bottom layer data is assigned values of collected real-time lake ecological characteristic parameter data;
(5) establishing a hierarchically arranged tree structure database of a lake ecosystem restoration method, wherein a tree structure at least comprises top layer data, middle layer data, lower layer data and bottom layer data, the top layer data is a lake ecosystem comprehensive restoration method, the middle layer data subordinate to the top layer data comprises an incubation protection method B, a natural restoration method Z, an auxiliary restoration method F and an ecological remodeling method S, each middle layer data is subordinate to four lower layer data, and the lower layer data subordinate to the incubation protection method B comprises an incubation water quality restoration method BWHealth careHabitat restoration method BEAnd a conservation bioremediation method BA(ii) a Lower layer data of the natural recovery method Z subordinates comprises a natural water quality restoration method ZWNatural habitat restoration method ZEAnd natural bioremediation method ZA(ii) a The lower layer data of the subordinate of the auxiliary restoration method F comprises an auxiliary water quality restoration method FWAuxiliary habitat restoration method FEAnd methods of assisted bioremediation FA(ii) a Lower layer data of the subnatant of the ecological remodeling method S comprises an ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SWEcological remodeling habitat restoration method SEAnd ecological remodeling bioremediation method SA(ii) a Each lower layer data is subordinate to more than two bottom layer data, and the bottom layer data is a repair technical method; in the established hierarchical tree structure database of the lake ecosystem restoration method, the underlying data subordinate to the underlying data is a restoration technical method, in particular to a conservation water quality restoration method BWThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises the domestic sewage treatment technology JW of urban residents1Input control technology JW for harmony water pollution source2(ii) a Natural water quality restoration method ZWThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises a water body self-purification restoration technology JW3JW (hybrid Water-gas) water changing technology4(ii) a Auxiliary water quality restoration method FWThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises the technology JW of the ecological stabilization pond5And a microbial agent feeding technology JW6And biofilm technique JW7(ii) a Ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SWThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprise the JW of aquaculture technology8And sediment dredging technology JW9(ii) a Conservation habitat restoration method BEThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises a technology JE for returning fish to lake1And lake bank renovation technology JE2And a comprehensive habitat conservation technology JE3(ii) a Natural habitat restoration method ZEThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises plant species matching planting technology JE4River and lake communication recovery technology JE5And plant community natural repair technology JE6(ii) a Auxiliary habitat restoration method FEThe subordinate bottom data at least comprises a submerged dam wave-eliminating technology JE7JE planting technology for forest belt around lake8And buffer zone vegetation restoration technology JE9(ii) a Ecological environmentRemodeling habitat restoration method SEThe subordinate bottom layer data at least comprises a constructed wetland technology JE10Ecological floating bed technology JE11And substrate habitat remodeling technology JE12(ii) a Conservation bioremediation method BAThe bottom layer data of the subordinate genera at least comprises grass algae control restoration technology JA1Biological invasive species control technique JA2And bird comprehensive conservation technology JA3(ii) a Natural bioremediation method ZAThe underlying data of the genus at least include in situ bioremediation technology JA4Water layer food chain control technology JA5And bird community natural restoration technology JA6(ii) a Assisted bioremediation method FAThe subordinate stratum data at least comprise aquatic plant restoration technology JA7Special fish throwing technology JA8Bird bait resource repairing technology JA9(ii) a Ecological remodeling bioremediation method SAThe subnatal data at least comprises aquatic animal throwing technology JA10Water plant community remodeling technology JA11And avian colony remodeling technique JA12；
(6) Respectively setting corresponding threshold value ranges for all levels of data of a lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database, carrying out step-by-step comparison from the top level on all levels of data of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database and the corresponding threshold value ranges, establishing a mapping relation between the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database and a lake ecosystem restoration method hierarchical arrangement database when all levels of data of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database are matched with the corresponding threshold value ranges, and selecting a corresponding restoration technical method through the mapping relation; setting the top level data of the lake ecosystem as the threshold value ranges of the health indexes EHALL to be EHALL < Y11、Y11≤EHALL＜Y12、Y12≤EHALL＜Y13And EHALL is more than or equal to Y13(ii) a The intermediate layer data of the lake ecosystem EHALL subordinates is water quality index IWRespectively is IW＜Y21、Y21≤IW＜Y22、Y22≤IW＜Y23And IW≥Y23Habitat index IHThreshold value ofRanges are respectively IH＜Y21、Y21≤IH＜Y22、Y22≤IH＜Y23And IH≥Y23Biological index IORespectively is IO＜Y21、Y21≤IO＜Y22、Y22≤IO＜Y23And IO≥Y23(ii) a Index of Water quality IWThe subordinate bottom layer data is assigned value I 'of collected real-time lake ecological characteristic parameter data'WiI-1, 2, … …,8, and the threshold range of each assigned value is I'Wi＜Y31、Y31≤I′Wi＜Y32、Y32≤I′Wi＜Y33And l'Wi≥Y33Habitat index IHThe lower layer data of the subordinate is a bank zone IH1Substrate IH2And water body IH3Biological index IOThe lower layer data of the subordinate is bird IO1Jiangtong pig IO2Fish IO3Aquatic plant IO4Benthonic animals IO5Phytoplankton IO6And zooplankton IO7(ii) a The threshold range and the mapping relation are specifically as follows: EHALL < Y11Sequentially starting all restoration technical methods under an ecological remodeling method S, an auxiliary restoration method F, a natural restoration method Z and a conservation protection method B; y is11≤EHALL＜Y12Starting an auxiliary restoration method F, a natural restoration method Z and a conservation protection method B in sequence, and further performing a water quality index IWHabitat index IHAnd biological index IOIs judged as the threshold value range of IW＜Y21Sequentially starting an ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SWAuxiliary water quality restoration method FWNatural water quality repairing method ZWAnd conservation water quality restoration method BWAll repair techniques of the following genus, when IH＜Y21Sequentially starting ecological remodeling habitat restoration method SEAuxiliary habitat restoration method FENatural habitat restoration method ZEAnd a method for restoring a child-care habitat BEWhen I isO＜Y21In turn startBioremediation method with ecological remodelingAAuxiliary bioremediation method FANatural bioremediation method ZAAnd a conservation bioremediation method BA(ii) a When Y is11≤EHALL＜Y12And Y is21≤IW＜Y22Sequentially starting an auxiliary water quality restoration method FWNatural water quality repairing method ZWAnd conservation water quality restoration method BWAnd further to I'wiIs judged as being I'W1＜Y31Or l'W2＜Y31Starting auxiliary water quality restoration method FWJW of (1)5Is when l'W3＜Y31、I′W4＜Y31Or l'W5＜Y31Starting auxiliary water quality restoration method FWJW of (1)6Is when l'W6＜Y31、I′W7＜Y31Or l'W8＜Y31Auxiliary water quality restoration method FWJW in (1)7Is when l'W1＜Y31、I′W3＜Y31、I′W5＜Y31Or l'W6＜Y31Starting natural water quality restoration method ZWJW in (1)3Is when l'W2＜Y31、I′W4＜Y31、I′W7＜Y31Or l'W8＜Y31Starting natural water quality restoration method ZWJW in (1)4Is when l'W1＜Y31、I′W3＜Y31、I′W5＜Y31Or l'W6＜Y31Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW in (1)1Is when l'W2＜Y31、I′W4＜Y31、I′W7＜Y31Or I'W8＜Y31Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW in (1)2(ii) a When Y is11≤EHALL＜Y12And Y is21≤IH＜Y22Sequentially starting an auxiliary habitat restoration method FENatural habitat restoration method ZEAnd a method for restoring a child-care habitat BEAnd further on IHiIs judged as being I'H1＜Y31Assisted habitat Enabled method FEJE of (1)7Is when l'H2＜Y31Assisted habitat Enabled method FEJE of (1)8Is when l'H3＜Y31Assisted habitat Enabled method FEJE of (1)9Is when l'H1＜Y31Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)5Is when l'H2＜Y31Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)4Is when l'H3＜Y31Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)6Is when l'H1＜Y31Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE in3Is when l'H2＜Y31Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)1When is'H3＜Y31Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)2(ii) a When Y is11≤EHALL＜Y12And Y is21≤IO＜Y22Sequentially starting an auxiliary bioremediation method FANatural bioremediation method ZAAnd a conservation bioremediation method BAAnd further on IOiIs judged as being I'O1＜Y31Starting ancillary biological methods FAJA in (1)9Is when l'O2＜Y31、I′O4＜Y31Or l'O7＜Y31Starting an assisted bioremediation method FAJA in (1)7Is when l'O3＜Y31、I′O5＜Y31Or I'O6＜Y31Starting an assisted bioremediation method FAJA in (1)8Is when l'O1＜Y31Natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)6Is when l'O3＜Y31、I′O5＜Y31Or l'O7＜Y31Starting natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)5Is when l'O2＜Y31、I′O4＜Y31Or l'O6＜Y31Start-up of natureBioremediation method ZAJA in (1)4Is when l'O1＜Y31Conservation bioremediation method BAJA in (1)3Is when l'O4＜Y31Or l'O6＜Y31Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)1Is when l'O2＜Y31、I′O3＜Y31、I′O5＜Y31Or I'O7＜Y31Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)2(ii) a When Y is12≤EHALL＜Y13And Y is22≤IW＜Y23Starting natural water quality restoration method Z in sequenceWAnd conservation water quality restoration method BWAnd further to I'wiIs judged as being I'W1＜Y32、I′W3＜Y32、I′W5＜Y32Or I'W6＜Y32Starting natural water quality restoration method ZWJW in (1)3Is when l'W2＜Y32、I′W4＜Y32、I′W7＜Y32Or I'W8＜Y32Starting natural water quality restoration method ZWJW in (1)4Is when l'W1＜Y32、I′W3＜Y32、I′W5＜Y32Or l'W6＜Y32Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW in (1)1Is when l'W2＜Y32、I′W4＜Y32、I′W7＜Y32Or l'W8＜Y32Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW in (1)2(ii) a When Y is12≤EHALL＜Y13And Y is22≤IH＜Y23Starting natural habitat restoration method Z in sequenceEAnd a method for restoring a child-care habitat BEAnd further on IHiIs judged as being I'H1＜Y32Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)5Is when l'H2＜Y32Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)4Is when l'H3＜Y32Method for starting natural habitat ZEJE of (1)6Is when l'H1＜Y32Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)3Is when l'H2＜Y32Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)1Is when l'H3＜Y32Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)2(ii) a When Y is12≤EHALL＜Y13And Y is22≤IO＜Y23Sequentially starting natural bioremediation method ZAAnd a conservation bioremediation method BAAnd further on IOiIs judged as being I'O1＜Y32Natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)6Is when l'O3＜Y32、I′O5＜Y32Or l'O7＜Y32Starting natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)5When is'O2＜Y32、I′O4＜Y32Or l'O6＜Y32Starting natural bioremediation method ZAJA in (1)4Is when l'O1＜Y32Conservation bioremediation method BAJA in (1)3Is when l'O4＜Y32Or l'O6＜Y32Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)1Is when l'O2＜Y32、I′O3＜Y32、I′O5＜Y32Or l'O7＜Y32Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)2(ii) a When EHALL is more than or equal to Y13And IW≥Y23Starting conservation water quality restoration method BWAnd further to I'wiIs judged as being I'W1＜Y33、I′W3＜Y33、I′W5＜Y33Or I'W6＜Y33Method B for restoring conservation water qualityWJW in (1)1Is when l'W2＜Y33、I′W4＜Y33、I′W7＜Y33Or l'W8＜Y33Method for restoring conservation water quality BWJW in (1)2(ii) a When EHALL is more than or equal to Y13And IH≥Y23Starting conservation habitat restoration method BEIs when l'H1＜Y33Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)3Is when l'H2＜Y33Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)1Is when l'H3＜Y33Method for starting conservation habitat BEJE of (1)2(ii) a When EHALL is more than or equal to Y13And IO≥Y23Starting a conservation bioremediation method BAAnd further on IOiIs judged as being I'O1＜Y33Conservation bioremediation method BAJA in (1)3Is when l'O4＜Y33Or l'O6＜Y33Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)1Is when l'O2＜Y33、I′O3＜Y33、I′O5＜Y33Or l'O7＜Y33Method for enabling conservation and bioremediation BAJA in (1)2(ii) a Wherein Y is11Is 60, Y12Is 80, Y13Is 90; y is21Is 50, Y22Is 75, Y23Is 90; y is31Is 50, Y32Is 75, Y33Is 90;
(7) repairing the lake by using a repair technology method selected according to the mapping relation;
(8) and (2) after the selected restoration technical method is used for restoring the lake for a period of time, acquiring real-time data of ecological characteristic parameters of the lake according to the step (1), and repeating the steps (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) until EHALL is obtained and is more than or equal to 90.
2. The lake ecosystem health assessment and remediation method of claim 1, wherein: w in step (3)WIs 0.2, WHIs 0.3, WOIs 0.5.
3. The lake ecosystem health assessment and remediation method of claim 1, wherein: determining the range of each domain value in the step (6) according to a historical reference method, a mean value ratio method, a known target method or a target establishing method, wherein the historical reference method is used for determining the range of the threshold value by taking the historical value of the year of the optimal state in the previous period as a reference value; the average value ratio method is characterized in that the historical average value of a previous time stage is used as a reference value to determine a threshold range, and the evaluation parameter of the time stage is in an optimal state; the known target method is to determine a threshold range according to the prior known optimal data as a reference value; the target method is established by taking the harm degree to the health of the current lake ecosystem as a reference to determine the threshold range.
4. The lake ecosystem health assessment and remediation method of claim 1, wherein: the bottom data of the hierarchically arranged tree structure database of the lake ecosystem restoration method is the existing restoration technical method in the field of environmental protection, and the urban resident domestic sewage treatment technology JW1: urban resident domestic sewage is collected by a municipal drainage pipe network and is conveyed to a sewage treatment plant for treatment; water pollution source input control technology JW2: comprehensively treating pollution sources existing along the lake-entering river channel and the water replenishing line; water body self-purification restoration technology JW3: the concentration of pollutants in the sewage is reduced under the action of physics, chemistry and biology of the water body, so that the water body is restored to the state before pollution and is decomposed under the action of microorganisms, and the water body is restored to be clean from unclean; power water changing technology JW4: periodically supplementing water, accelerating lake water exchange, enabling lake water to move, improving self-purification capacity of the lake water, improving water quality of the lake and reducing eutrophication degree of the lake; ecological stabilization pond technology JW5: the general name of a structure for treating sewage by utilizing natural purification capacity is that a pond is taken as a main structure, a treatment facility for purifying sewage by utilizing biological groups in the nature is utilized, a stable pond takes solar energy as initial energy, aquatic plants are planted in the pond to culture aquatic products and water poultry to form an artificial ecosystem, and under the promotion of taking solar energy as the initial energy, the artificial ecosystem is formed by stabilizingDetermining the material migration and transformation of a plurality of food chains in the pond and the step-by-step energy transfer and transformation, degrading and transforming the organic pollutants in the sewage entering the pond, finally removing the pollutants, taking the aquatic plants, aquatic products and aquatic birds as resources for recycling, and taking the purified sewage as a renewable resource for recycling; microbial agent feeding technology JW6: the activity of bacteria microorganisms is utilized to convert toxic and harmful pollutants into nontoxic or low-toxicity inorganic compounds, so that the water body is recovered to be self-cleaned, or the compound microbial agent which has obvious effect on pollutant degradation through artificial culture and artificial modification is added into the water body to be acted with the microorganisms carried by the water body, so that the organic pollutants are degraded, and the pollutants are effectively removed; biomembrane technology JW7: when a large amount of microorganisms are enriched on a carrier with a large specific surface area, the microorganisms contain rich nutrient substances, and the carrier can effectively intercept, adsorb and degrade the substances, so that pollutants in water are decomposed, redundant nutrient substances are converted, and the effect of purifying a polluted water body is achieved; aquaculture technology JW8: by utilizing water areas for cultivation and planting, the ecological habits of cultivated objects and the requirements on the environmental conditions of the water areas are different, and aquatic economic animal and plant cultivation is carried out by applying aquaculture technology and facilities; bottom mud dredging technology JW9: scientifically making a lake region dredging plan, mainly cleaning the lake bottom surface layer sludge in a local region by adopting an environment-friendly ecological dredging method, improving the depth of the lake region, removing the pollutant content of the bottom sludge, and effectively controlling the adverse effect of the decomposition and release of organic matters in the bottom sludge on the water quality of a water body after the temperature of summer and autumn rises; simultaneously, dredging and comprehensive treatment of the river channel entering the lake are carried out, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the bottom mud are reduced through ecological dredging, and the smoothness of the river channel water system is ensured, so that the water quality of the river channel entering the lake is improved; technology JE for returning fish to lake1: dismantling culture facilities influencing the natural ecological landscape of the lake to recover the water surface of the lake; lake bank renovation technology JE2: comprehensively cleaning, regulating and discharging the searched illegal and illegal bank line utilization projects to open a river and lake flood passage and widen the area of a water area; integrated habitat conservation technology JE3: by a plurality of means, protecting or buildingThe original habitat characteristics protect the habitat diversity; plant species matching planting technology JE4: according to the state of an ecological system, combining with the ecological rule of plants, preferably selecting the plant species under specified conditions, and selecting a proper environment for planting; river and lake communication recovery technology JE5: maintaining, remolding or building a river and lake water flow connecting channel, maintaining hydrologic cycle, material cycle and energy cycle of a river and lake basin such as excavating and dredging the connecting channel, and removing a control gate dam; natural restoration technology JE for plant community6: the plant community is restored to the state before pollution through the physical, chemical and biological actions of the ecological system; submerged dam wave eliminating technology JE7: submerged in lake area to control water level below high level, and constructed mainly for wave elimination in lakeside zone; lake-surrounding forest belt planting technology JE8: the recovered and reconstructed bank slope vegetation plays a role of galleries, filters and barriers on logistics, energy flows, information flows and biological flows among water and land ecosystems, plays a role in controlling water and soil loss, protecting water and lands, increases species provenance of animals and plants, improves biodiversity and productivity of the ecosystems, and has a plurality of functions of regulating microclimate and beautifying the environment; vegetation restoration technology JE for buffer zone9: constructing a bank at the upslope of the buffer zone and planting aquatic plants to finally form an ecological barrier which is organically connected in a region space, reasonably continues in an ecological structure and effectively buffers pollution migration; artificial wetland technology JE10: the method is characterized in that a water pool or a groove is built manually, a water-resisting layer is laid, a matrix layer is filled, then aquatic plants are planted, or polluted water is controllably delivered to a wet land with large-scale aquatic plants and filter-feeding fishes to be always in a saturated state, and then the sewage is purified when flowing through the comprehensive action of the water-resisting plants, soil and fishes by utilizing the physical, chemical and biological synergistic action of the matrix, the plants and the microorganisms; ecological floating bed technology JE11: a water body ecology in-situ restoration technology; the traditional ecological floating bed is a water surface soilless plant planting technology which is formed by integrating ecological engineering measures on the basis of modern agriculture by utilizing the restoration effect of aquatic plants and the soilless culture principle; bottom material habitat remodeling technology JE12: the bottom is carried out by selecting the regions with proper water quality and rich groundwaterObserving quality, and analyzing the optimal substrate composition of the lake and the optimal substrate habitat factor composition; then, performing substrate habitat reconstruction on the substrate damaged area through substrate compound tillage and substrate paving reconstruction technology; grass algae control restoration technology JA1: selecting proper aquatic plant species to control the biomass of the floating algae and the content of nutritive salt in the water body so as to achieve the aim of purifying the water quality; biological invasive seed control technique JA2: biological invasion is effectively controlled, invasive species are comprehensively cleaned and buried, and development of invasive species is controlled; meanwhile, the manual stocking and the scattered breeding of invasive species in the lake region are forbidden, so that the ecological risk is avoided; continuously monitoring the existing foreign species and evaluating the risk brought by the foreign species; bird comprehensive conservation technology JA3: comprehensively protecting bird communities; in situ bioremediation technique JA4: under the condition of not changing the positions of soil and rivers, the degradation of soil organic pollutants by soil indigenous microorganisms or exogenous microorganisms is improved by adding a microbial reagent, nutrient elements and a soil conditioner, so that the soil and the rivers are repaired; water layer food chain control technology JA5: the purpose of controlling the propagation of algae and other phytoplankton is achieved by adjusting the structure of aquatic animal communities and the structure of a food net of an aquatic system and utilizing the feeding relationship among organisms, and the wetland ecosystem in the area is guided to enter virtuous circle as soon as possible; natural recovery technique JA for bird community6: through the physical, chemical and biological effects of the ecological system, the bird community is restored to the state before interference; aquatic plant restoration technology JA7: the recovery and reconstruction of aquatic vegetation is the key of the restoration of the ecological environment of the water body; the aquatic plants are natural-skeleton of rivers and lakes, are the key for maintaining and maintaining biological diversity, prolonging food chain, cultivating and strengthening complex food network, and promote the health of an ecological system and maintain various ecological and service functions of the system; special fish throwing technology JA8: regulating and repairing lake fish communities by breeding and releasing special fishes; bird bait resource repairing technology JA9: breeding fish feed, improving the suitability of marsh wetland as habitat of fish and birds, and recovering the structure of marsh wetland food chain(ii) a Aquatic animal feeding technology JA10: carrying out artificial propagation and releasing, in order to make up for the shortage of fish population resource supply, establishing more artificial propagation and releasing stations for fish, fishing the fry propagated in the lake, breeding for 2 and 3 months in a pond with a large amount of plankton, then returning the pond back to the lake, increasing the fishery resource amount in the lake, and improving the production performance and production capacity of the fishery in the lake; developing and culturing the body cell technology of the Changjiang river finless porpoise, establishing a body cell bank and strengthening the artificial propagation of the finless porpoise; aquatic plant community remodeling technology JA11: adjusting the variety and community layout of the aquatic plants, and planting or removing the aquatic plants so as to improve the community structure of the aquatic plants in the lake; avian community remodeling technique JA12: and adjusting bird species and community layout, and stocking the birds so as to improve the bird community structure.
5. The lake ecosystem health assessment and remediation method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) in the step (8), the cycle time is not less than 180 days, and the larger the EHALL is, the longer the cycle time is.
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