CN113095719B - Lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for evaluating and restoring the health of a lake ecosystem, which comprises the steps of acquiring real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters, performing assigned treatment on the real-time data, quantizing and calculating the most important water quality, habitat and biological indexes of the lake ecology to obtain water quality, habitat and biological indexes for respectively evaluating the lake ecology and lake ecosystem health indexes for comprehensively evaluating the health of the lake ecosystem, establishing a lake ecosystem layered arrangement tree structure database by using the data and the indexes, establishing a layered arrangement tree structure database of a lake ecosystem restoration method, setting corresponding threshold value ranges for the data of the lake ecosystem layered arrangement tree structure database, and comparing the data of each level of the lake ecosystem layered arrangement database with the corresponding threshold value ranges step by step from the top layer, when the data of each layer is matched with the corresponding threshold value range, a mapping relation is established between the database with the hierarchical tree structure of the lake ecosystem and the database with the hierarchical arrangement of the lake ecosystem restoration method, and finally the corresponding restoration technical method is accurately selected through the mapping relation to carry out feasible restoration on the lake, so that the health condition of the lake ecosystem is effectively improved.

Description

A method of lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration

technical field

The invention relates to a method for health evaluation and restoration of a lake ecosystem, and belongs to the field of environmental protection.

Background technique

my country's economy has developed rapidly in the past few decades, but the rapid development of industry and agriculture has also increasingly damaged the natural environment. Due to the discharge of industrial harmful substances, the over-exploitation of resources, and the large-scale use of agricultural fertilizers and insecticides, the ecological environment of our country has been seriously damaged and unbalanced, and it has brought serious harm to the survival and development of human beings. In addition, due to the heavy population load in our country, coupled with the unreasonable development and utilization of land, forest, water and mineral resources for a long time, and the lack of necessary protection and construction of the ecology, domestic waste and domestic waste pollution, so my country's current ecological The environmental situation is very severe, and the ecological environment problem has become a major problem affecting my country's national security. In particular, the various water bodies that were directly discharged as waste water, waste and urban waste in the early stage were the hardest hit areas for ecological environment pollution, and the pollution of lakes was the most serious among them. Therefore, it is imperative to restore the lake ecology.

At present, the existing evaluation of lake ecosystem health has not yet formed a system. Usually, the ecological status of lakes is judged according to some key indicators measured, and there is no comprehensive and systematic diagnosis and evaluation of the ecological health of lakes. Therefore, it is difficult to Scientifically adopt practical and correct restoration methods, so as to improve the ecological pollution and deterioration of the lake environment very little.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method. Using the lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method, a comprehensive scientific evaluation of the health of the lake ecosystem can be carried out, and the evaluation results can be evaluated. Quantify, and then quickly select the appropriate combination of reasonable restoration methods according to the quantified evaluation index through the mapping relationship between the databases, effectively restore the lake environment and ecology, and improve the health of the lake ecosystem.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is a method for evaluating and restoring the health of lake ecosystems, comprising the following steps:

(1) Collect real-time data of important ecological characteristic parameters of lakes, and the data structure of characteristic parameters includes at least water quality parameter I _Wi , habitat parameter I _Hij and biological parameter I _Oij ;

The data structure of the water quality parameter I _Wi includes 8 parameters. When the real-time data is sufficient, the following 8 important biological parameters are selected as much as possible to participate in the evaluation: I _W1 , I _W2 , I _W3 , I _W4 , I _W5 , I _W6 , I _W7 and/or I _W8 . Wherein _IW1 is chlorophyll a, _IW2 is water temperature, _IW3 is dissolved oxygen DO, _IW4 is pH value, _IW5 is total nitrogen TN, _IW6 is ammonia nitrogen _NH3 -N, _IW7 is total phosphorus TP, _IW8 is the chemical oxygen demand COD _Mn ;

Among them, the data structure of habitat parameter I _Hij must include three categories of indices: shore index I _H1 , bottom quality index I _H2 and water body index I _H3 . Each category of habitat index contains single or multiple habitat parameters, and as many of the following important biological parameters as possible are selected to participate in the evaluation under the condition of sufficient real-time data. The shore index I _H1 includes the degree of urbanization I _H11 in the lake basin, the degree of agriculturalization I _H12 in the lake basin, the forest coverage I _H13 in the lake basin, the grassland coverage I _H14 in the lake basin and/or the proportion of natural shorelines I _H15 ; the bottom quality index I _H2 includes the bottom quality I _H21 ; the water body index I _H3 includes the coverage of aquatic plants I _H31 , the shrinkage rate of the lake surface waters I _H32 , the unobstructed rate of the openings of rivers and lakes I _H33 , and the ratio of the average water level in the wet season I _H34 and/or the mean ratio of water level in dry season I _H35 ;

The data structure of biological parameters I _Oij must include 7 categories of indices: bird index I _O1 , finless porpoise index I _O2 , fish index I _O3 , aquatic plant index I _O4 , benthic animal index I _O5 , phytoplankton index I _O6 and/or zooplankton index I _O7 . Each type of biological index contains single or multiple biological parameters, and the following important biological parameters are selected as much as possible to participate in the evaluation under the condition of sufficient real-time data. The bird index I _O1 includes the change rate of bird species number I _O11 and the bird population change rate I _O12 ; the finless porpoise index I _O2 includes the change rate of the finless porpoise population I _O21 ; the fish index I _O3 includes the change rate of natural fishery resources production I _O31 , rate of change in number of indigenous species I _O32 , number of exotic species I _O33 , rate of change in number of migratory fish species I _O34 and/or proportion of pollution-tolerant species I _O35 ; aquatic plant index I _O4 includes number of indigenous species The rate of change I _O41 , the number of alien species I _O42 and/or the proportion of pollution-tolerant species I _O43 ; the benthic index I _O5 includes the rate of change in the number of indigenous species I _O51 , the number of exotic species I _O52 and / or the pollution-tolerant species Species ratio ₁₀₅₃ ; _{phytoplankton} index 106 including rate of change in number of indigenous species ₁₀₆₁ , number of exotic species ₁₀₆₂ , pollution-tolerant species ratio ₁₀₆₃ and/or cyanobacteria ratio ₁₀₆₄ ; zooplankton index ₁₀₇ including indigenous The rate of change in the number of species I _O71 , the number of alien species I _O72 and/or the proportion of pollution-tolerant species I _O73 ;

(2) Perform data processing on all parameters obtained in step (1)

(2.1) According to the scoring criteria in Table 1, assign scores to the real-time data collected in the water quality parameter I _Wi to obtain I _Wi , i=1,2,...,n corresponding to the assigned scores I′ _Wi , i = 1, 2, ..., n, the score that has not been collected is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then the weight value in Table 1 is used, and the water quality index I _W is calculated according to formula 1;

In the formula: I _W is the water quality index, P _i is the weight of the water quality parameter I _Wi , 1≤P _i ≤4, n is a natural number, n≤8,

Table 1

(2.2) According to the scoring criteria in Table 2, assign scores to the real-time data collected in the habitat parameter I _Hij to obtain the corresponding scoring value I′ _Hij , the uncollected scoring value is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then Utilize according to the weight value in table 2, calculate birthplace index I _Hi according to formula 2, calculate birthplace comprehensive index I _H according to formula 3;

where I _Hi is the habitat index, I' _Hij is the assigned score of the habitat parameter I _Hij ; T _ij is the weight of the habitat parameter I _Hij , 1≤T _ij ≤4; n is a natural number, n≤5;

In the formula: I _H is the habitat comprehensive index, I _Hi is the habitat index; T _i is the weight of the habitat index I _Hi , 1≤T _i ≤4; n is a natural number, n=3;

Table 2

(2.3) According to the scoring criteria in Table 3, assign scores to the real-time data collected by the biological parameter I _Oij to obtain the corresponding assigned score I′ _Oij , the uncollected score is 0, and the corresponding weight is 0, and then use According to the weight value in table 3, calculate biological index I _Oij according to formula 4, calculate biological comprehensive index Io according to formula 5;

In the formula: I _Oi is the biological index, I' _Oij is the assigned score of the biological parameter I _Oij ; Q _ij is the weight of the biological parameter I _Oij , 1≤Q _ij ≤4; n is a natural number, n≤5;

In the formula: I _O is the biological comprehensive index, I _Oi is the biological index; Qi is the weight of the corresponding biological index I _Oi , _{1≤Q i ≤4} , n is a natural number, n=7;

table 3

The collection of parameters I _Wi , I _Hij and I _Oij used in formula (1), formula (2) and formula (4) meet the requirements of step (1), and take 0 for the data that has not been collected;

(3) Obtain the lake ecosystem health index EHALL by formula 6, EHALL is the acronym for Ecosystem HealthAssessment of Large Lake,

EHALL=I _W W _W +I _H W _H +I _O W _O Equation 6,

where W _W is the weight of the water quality index; W _H is the weight of the habitat index; W _O is the weight of the biological index;

_WW , _WH , _WO add up to 1;

(4) Use the obtained lake ecosystem health index EHALL, water quality index I _W , habitat index I _H , biological index I _O , and the assigned scores of the collected real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters to establish a layered tree of lake ecosystems The top layer of the tree structure is the lake ecosystem health index EHALL, the middle layer data under EHALL is the water quality index I _W , the habitat index I _H and the biological index I _O , and the lower layer data under I _H is the shore zone I _H1 , substrate I _H2 and water body I _H3 , the lower data under I _O are birds I _O1 , finless porpoise I _O2 , fish I _O3 , aquatic plants I _O4 , benthic animals I _O5 , phytoplankton I _O6 and zooplankton I _O7 , each subordinate data subordinate has at least one or more bottom layer data, and the bottom layer data is the assigned value of the collected real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters;

(5) Establish a hierarchically arranged tree structure database of lake ecosystem restoration methods. The tree structure includes at least top-level data, middle-level data, lower-level data and bottom-level data. The top-level data is the comprehensive restoration method of lake ecosystems. The middle layer data includes conservation and protection method B, natural restoration method Z, auxiliary restoration method F and ecological reconstruction method S. Each middle layer data has four lower layers of data, of which the lower layer data under the conservation and protection method B includes conservation and water quality restoration. Method B _W , conservation habitat restoration method B _E and conservation bioremediation method B _A ; the subordinate data of natural restoration method Z includes natural water quality restoration method Z _W , natural habitat restoration method Z _E and natural bioremediation method Z _A ; auxiliary restoration The subordinate data under the method F include the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW , the auxiliary habitat restoration method _FE and the auxiliary bioremediation method _FA ; the lower data under the ecological remodeling method _S include the ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SW, the ecological remodeling method Habitat restoration method _SE and ecological remodeling bioremediation method _SA ; each lower-level data subordinate has more than two bottom-level data, and the bottom-level data are restoration technology methods;

(6) Set corresponding threshold ranges for the data at all levels of the tree structure database of lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement, and perform a step-by-step process starting from the top level with the data at all levels of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database and the corresponding threshold ranges. For comparison, when the data at each layer of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database matches the corresponding threshold range, between the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database and the lake ecosystem restoration method hierarchical arrangement database according to Table 4 and Table 5 , Table 6 and Table 7 establish a mapping relationship, and select the corresponding repair technology method through the mapping relationship;

Table 4 Threshold range and mapping relationship 1

EHALL<Y₁₁ ↓ Ecological Remodeling S ↓ Auxiliary repair method F ↓ Natural Restoration Method Z ↓ Conservation Protection Act B

Table 5 Threshold range and mapping relationship II

Table 6 Threshold range and mapping relationship III

Table 7 Threshold range and mapping relationship IV

(7) Use the restoration technology method selected according to the mapping relationship to restore the lake;

(8) After restoring the lake with the selected restoration technology for a period of time, collect the real-time data of the lake ecological characteristic parameters according to step (1), and repeat steps (2), (3), (4), (5) ), (6) and (7) until EHALL≥90 is obtained.

Further improvements to the above technical solutions are:

In the described lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method, in step (3), _WW is 0.2, _WH is 0.3, and _WO is 0.5.

In the described lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method, the weight value in step (2) is the weight P _i of the water quality index I _W , the weights T _i and T _ij of the comprehensive habitat index I _H , and the weight of the comprehensive biological index I _O. The historical values of _{Qi and Qi ij in} the previous optimal state years set the weights for the reference values.

In the described lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method, the range of each domain value in step (7) is determined according to the historical benchmark method, the mean value ratio method, the known target method or the established target method, and the historical benchmark method is based on the previous optimal method. The historical value of the status year is used as a reference value to determine the threshold range; the mean ratio method uses the historical average value of a previous time period as a reference value to determine the threshold value range, and the evaluation parameters of this time period are in the optimal state; the known target method The threshold range is determined based on the best known data in the previous period as a reference value; the establishment of the target method is based on the current degree of harm to the health of the lake ecosystem as a reference to determine the threshold range.

In the described lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method, the top-level data of the lake ecosystem in step (6) is the threshold range of the health index EHALL, respectively, EHALL<Y ₁₁ , Y ₁₁ ≤EHALL<Y ₁₂ , Y ₁₂ ≤EHALL<Y ₁₃ and EHALL≥Y ₁₃ ; the intermediate layer data under the lake ecosystem EHALL is the threshold range of the water quality index I _W respectively I _W <Y ₂₁ , Y ₂₁ ≤I _W <Y ₂₂ , Y ₂₂ ≤I _W <Y ₂₃ and I _W ≥ Y ₂₃ , the threshold ranges of the habitat index I _H are I _H <Y ₂₁ , Y ₂₁ ≤I _H <Y ₂₂ , Y ₂₂ ≤I _H <Y ₂₃ and I _H ≥ _{Y 23} , respectively. The threshold ranges are I _O <Y ₂₁ , Y ₂₁ ≤ I _O <Y ₂₂ , Y ₂₂ ≤ I _O <Y ₂₃ and I _O ≥ Y ₂₃ ; the bottom data under the water quality index I _W are the collected lake ecological characteristic parameters The assigned score I'Wi of real-time data, i=1,2,...,8, the threshold range of each assigned score is _I'Wi <Y ₃₁ , Y _{31 ≤I' Wi <} Y ₃₂ , Y ₃₂ ≤I ′ _Wi <Y ₃₃ and I′ _Wi ≥ Y ₃₃ , the lower layer data under habitat index I _H are shore zone I _H1 , substrate I _H2 and water body I _H3 , and the lower layer data under biological index I _O are birds I _O1 , Finless porpoise I _O2 , fish I _O3 , aquatic plant I _O4 , benthic I _O5 , phytoplankton I _O6 and zooplankton I _O7 .

In the described lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method, in step (6), Y ₁₁ is 60, Y ₁₂ is 80, and Y ₁₃ is 90; Y ₂₁ is 50, Y ₂₂ is 75, and Y ₂₃ is 90; Y ₃₁ is 90; 50, _Y32 is ₇₅ , Y33 is 90.

In the described lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method, in the layered tree structure database of the lake ecosystem restoration method established in step (5), the bottom data subordinate to the lower layer data is the restoration technology method, specifically the conservation water quality restoration method The bottom data under B _W include at least urban residents' domestic sewage treatment technology JW ₁ and water pollution source input control technology JW ₂ ; the bottom data under Z _W include at least water body self-purification repair technology JW ₃ and dynamic water exchange technology JW ₄ ; The bottom data of the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW includes at least the ecological stabilization pond technology JW ₅ , the microbial inoculum technology JW ₆ and the _biofilm technology JW ₇ ; the bottom data of the ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SW at least includes aquaculture. Technology JW ₈ and bottom mud dredging technology JW ₉ ; bottom layer data of conservation habitat restoration method B _E at least include returning fishing to lake technology JE ₁ , lake shore regulation technology JE ₂ and comprehensive habitat conservation technology JE ₃ ; natural habitat restoration method Z _E The subordinate bottom data at least include plant species selection planting technology JE ₄ , river-lake connection restoration technology JE ₅ and plant community natural restoration technology JE ₆ ; the subordinate bottom data of auxiliary habitat restoration method _FE at least includes submerged dam wave elimination technology JE ₇ , planting technology JE ₈ in forest belt around the lake and JE ₉ for vegetation restoration technology in buffer zone; the underlying data of ecological remodeling and habitat restoration method _SE at least include constructed wetland technology JE ₁₀ , ecological floating bed technology JE ₁₁ and sediment habitat remodeling technology JE ₁₂ ; The underlying data of conservation bioremediation method B _A shall at least include grass-control algae remediation technology JA ₁ , biological invasive species control technology JA ₂ and bird comprehensive conservation technology JA ₃ ; the underlying data of natural bioremediation method Z _A shall at least Including in situ bioremediation technology JA ₄ , water layer food chain control technology JA ₅ and bird community natural restoration technology JA ₆ ; the bottom data of auxiliary bioremediation method _FA at least include aquatic phytoremediation technology JA ₇ , special fish feeding technology JA ₈ and bird bait resource restoration technology JA ₉ ; Ecological remodeling bioremediation method S The underlying data under S _A include at least the aquatic animal placing technology JA ₁₀ , the aquatic plant community remodeling technology JA ₁₁ and the bird community remodeling technology JA ₁₂ .

Hierarchical arrangement of lake ecosystem restoration methods The underlying data of the tree structure database is the existing restoration technology methods in the field of environmental protection, Urban Residents' Domestic Sewage Treatment Technology JW ₁ : Urban residents' domestic sewage is collected by the urban drainage pipe network and transported to Sewage treatment plant for treatment; water pollution source input control technology JW ₂ : comprehensively rectify the pollution sources existing along the lake into the lake and along the water supply line _; The concentration of pollutants in the sewage can be reduced, the water body can be restored to the state before the pollution, and decomposed under the action of microorganisms, so that the water body can be restored from unclean to clean; dynamic water exchange technology JW ₄ : regular water replenishment to speed up lake water Exchange, make the lake water "move" and improve its self-purification ability, so as to improve the water quality of the lake and reduce the degree of eutrophication of the lake; the ecological stabilization pond technology JW ₅ : the general term for the structures that use the natural purification ability to treat sewage. The pond is the main structure, and the natural biological population is used to purify the sewage treatment facility. The stabilization pond uses solar energy as the initial energy. By planting aquatic plants in the pond, aquatic products and waterfowl breeding are carried out to form an artificial ecosystem, and the solar energy is used as the initial energy. Under the impetus of stabilizing the material migration and transformation of multiple food chains in the pond and the step-by-step transfer and transformation of energy, the organic pollutants entering the sewage in the pond are degraded and transformed, and finally the pollutants are removed. , the form of waterfowl is recycled as a resource, and the purified sewage is recycled and reused as a renewable resource; microbial inoculum technology JW ₆ : using the activity of fungal microorganisms to convert toxic and harmful pollutants into non-toxic or low-toxic inorganic compounds, Restore the water body to self-purification or add compound microbial inoculants that have obvious effects on the degradation of pollutants by artificial cultivation and artificial modification into the water body to make it work with the microorganisms in the water body to degrade organic pollutants and effectively remove them. Pollutants; biofilm technology JW ₇ : When a large number of microorganisms are enriched on a carrier with a large specific surface area, the microorganisms are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and this carrier can effectively intercept, adsorb and degrade these substances. , and then decompose the pollutants in the water, convert the excess nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients to achieve the effect of purifying the polluted water body; aquaculture technology JW ₈ : Using the water area for breeding and planting, the ecological habits of the breeding objects and the Different requirements for water environment conditions, using aquaculture technology and facilities, aquatic economic animal and plant breeding; sediment dredging technology JW ₉ : scientifically formulate lake area dredging plans, adopt environmentally friendly ecological dredging methods, and focus on cleaning the lake bottom surface in local areas layer silt, increase the depth of the lake area, remove the pollutant content in the sediment, and effectively control the adverse impact on the water quality due to the decomposition and release of organic matter in the sediment after the temperature rises in summer and autumn; Remediation, through ecological dredging, reducing the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the sediment, ensuring the smooth flow of the river system, thereby improving the water quality of the river entering the lake; returning fishing to the lake Technology JE ₁ : Remove the breeding facilities that affect the natural ecological landscape of the lake, so that the lake water surface can be restored; Lake shore improvement technology JE ₂ : Comprehensively clean up and rectify the illegal shoreline utilization projects identified, in order to open up the river and lake flood channels and expand the water area ;Comprehensive Habitat Conservation Technology JE ₃ : Protect or build original habitat characteristics and protect habitat diversity through various means; Plant species selection and planting technology JE ₄ : According to the status of the ecosystem, combined with the ecological laws of plants, the specified conditions are optimized plant species, and select the appropriate environment for planting; river-lake connection restoration technology JE ₅ : maintain, reshape or build river-lake water flow connection channels, maintain the hydrological cycle, material cycle and energy cycle of river and lake basins such as excavation and dredging connections Channels, dismantling control gates and dams; plant community natural restoration technology JE ₆ : through the physical, chemical and biological effects of the ecosystem itself, the plant community is restored to the state before pollution; submerged dam wave elimination technology JE ₇ : submerged in The lake area is controlled below the high water level, and the main purpose is to eliminate the waves in the lakeside belt; the planting technology of the forest belt around the lake JE ₈ : the restoration and reconstruction of the slope vegetation on the logistics, energy flow and information flow between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and biological flow, play the role of corridors, filters and barriers, and play many functions of controlling soil erosion, protecting waterfronts, increasing the provenance of animal and plant species, improving biodiversity and ecosystem productivity, regulating microclimate and beautifying the environment; Buffer zone vegetation restoration technology JE ₉ : Build embankments and plant aquatic plants on the upper slope of the buffer zone, and finally form an ecological barrier that is organically connected in geographical space, reasonably continued in ecological structure, and effectively buffered in pollution migration; Constructed wetland technology JE ₁₀ : Refers to artificially build pools or trenches, lay water-insulating layers and fill substrate layers and then plant aquatic plants, or control the dosing of sewage bodies on wetlands with large aquatic plants and filter-feeding fish, so that they are often In a saturated state, the triple synergy of physics, chemistry and biology of substrates, plants and microorganisms is reused, so that sewage can be purified when it flows through the comprehensive action of water-resistant plants, soil and fish; ecological floating bed technology JE ₁₁ : ecological in situ restoration of water bodies Technology; traditional ecological floating bed is a water surface soilless planting plant technology formed by using the restoration effect of aquatic plants and the principle of soilless cultivation, based on modern agriculture, and integrating ecological engineering measures; sediment habitat remodeling technology JE ₁₂ : By selecting water quality Observation of substrates in areas suitable for and rich in groundwater to analyze the composition of the lake’s best substrates and the composition of optimal substrate habitat factors; Habitat reconstruction; algae restoration technology with grass control JA ₁ : select suitable aquatic plant species to control planktonic algae biomass and nutrient content in water to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality; biological invasive species control technology JA ₂ : effectively control biological Invasion, comprehensive cleaning and landfilling of invasive species to control their development; at the same time, artificial stocking and free-range breeding of invasive species in the lake area are prohibited to avoid ecological risks; continuous monitoring Existing alien species, assessing the risks they may bring; Integrated bird conservation technology JA ₃ : comprehensive protection of bird communities; in situ bioremediation technology JA ₄ : without changing the location of soil and rivers , by adding microbial reagents, nutrient elements and soil conditioners, to improve the degradation of soil and river organic pollutants by soil indigenous microorganisms or exogenous microorganisms, so that soil and rivers can be rehabilitated; water layer food chain control technology JA ₅ : By adjusting aquatic organisms Animal community structure, adjust the food web structure of the aquatic system, use the feeding relationship between organisms to control the reproduction of algae and other phytoplankton, and guide the wetland ecosystem in the region to enter a virtuous cycle as soon as possible; bird community natural restoration technology JA ₆ : Through the physical, chemical and biological effects of the ecosystem itself, the bird community can be restored to the state before the disturbance; Aquatic plant restoration technology JA ₇ : Restoring and rebuilding aquatic vegetation is the key to the restoration of water ecological environment; The natural skeleton of fish is the key to conserving and maintaining biodiversity, extending the food chain, cultivating and expanding complex food webs, promoting ecosystem health and maintaining the basis of various ecological and service functions of the system; special fish feeding technology JA ₈ : through Proliferate and release special fish to adjust and restore lake fish communities; bird bait resource restoration technology JA ₉ : multiply bait fish resources, improve the suitability of swamp wetlands as fish and bird habitats, and restore swamp wetland food chain Structure; Aquatic animal release technology JA ₁₀ : artificial proliferation and release, in order to make up for the lack of replenishment of fish population resources, establish more artificial proliferation and release stations for fish, pick up the larvae that breed in the lake, and cultivate a large number of plankton in the lake. Raised in ponds for February and March, and then returned to lakes to increase the amount of fishery resources in the lakes, and improve the production performance and production capacity of lake fisheries; develop the somatic cell technology of Yangtze finless porpoises, establish somatic cell banks, and strengthen artificial reproduction of finless porpoises; aquatic plant communities Reshaping technology JA ₁₁ : Adjust aquatic plant species and community layout, and plant or remove aquatic plants to improve the structure of aquatic plant community in lakes; Bird community reshaping technology JA ₁₂ : Adjust bird species and community layout, and carry out bird stocking , thereby improving bird community structure.

In the described lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method, the threshold ranges and mapping relationships in Table 4, Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7 in step (6) are as follows: EHALL<Y ₁₁ , the ecological remodeling method S, All restoration technical methods under the auxiliary restoration method F, natural restoration method Z and conservation and protection method B; if Y ₁₁ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₂ , the auxiliary restoration method F, natural restoration method Z and conservation and protection method B shall be activated in turn, and further The threshold range of water quality index I _W , habitat index I _H and biological index I _O is judged. When I _W < Y ₂₁ , the ecological remodeling water quality restoration method _SW , the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW , and the natural water quality restoration method Z are used in turn. _W and conservation water quality restoration method B All restoration technology methods under _W , when I _H < Y ₂₁ , use ecological remodeling habitat restoration method _SE , auxiliary habitat restoration method _FE , natural habitat restoration method Z _E and conservation habitat restoration method in turn. Method B _E , when I _O <Y ₂₁ , the ecological remodeling bioremediation method _{SA, the auxiliary bioremediation method FA, the natural bioremediation method Z A and the} conservation bioremediation method BA are enabled in turn; when Y ₁₁ ≤ _EHALL < Y ₁₂ and Y ₂₁ ≤I _W <Y ₂₂ , the auxiliary water quality restoration method F _W , the natural water quality restoration method Z _W and the conservation water quality restoration method B _W are used in turn, and the threshold range of _I′wi is further judged. When _I′W1 <Y ₃₁ or I′ _W2 < Y ₃₁ enable JW ₅ in the auxiliary water quality restoration method _{FW, when I′ W3 <} Y ₃₁ , I′ _W4 < Y ₃₁ or I′ _W5 < Y ₃₁ , enable the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW JW ₆ in the auxiliary water quality restoration method FW when I′ _W6 <Y ₃₁ , I′ _W7 < Y ₃₁ or I′ _W8 < Y ₃₁ JW ₇ in the auxiliary water quality restoration method _{FW, when I′ W1 <} Y ₃₁ , I′ _W3 <Y _{31. I'W5} <Y ₃₁ or _I'W6 <Y ₃₁ Enable JW ₃ in the natural water quality restoration method Z _W , when I' _W2 < Y ₃₁ , I' _W4 < Y ₃₁ , I' _W7 < Y ₃₁ or I ′ _W8 < Y ₃₁ enables JW ₄ in the natural water quality restoration method Z _W , when I′ _W1 < Y ₃₁ , I′ _W3 < Y ₃₁ , I′ _W5 < Y ₃₁ or I′ _W6 < Y ₃₁ , the conservation water quality restoration method is enabled JW ₁ in B _W , when I' _W2 <Y ₃₁ , I' _W4 < Y ₃₁ , I' _W7 < Y ₃₁ or I' _W8 < Y ₃₁ , the conservation water quality restoration method JW ₂ in B _W is activated; when Y ₁₁ ≤EHALL<Y ₁₂ and Y ₂₁ ≤I _H <Y ₂₂ , the assisted habitat restoration method _FE and natural Habitat restoration method Z _E and conservation habitat restoration method B _E , and further judge the threshold range of I _Hi , when I' _H1 < Y ₃₁ , enable JE ₇ in the auxiliary habitat method _FE , and when I' _H2 < Y ₃₁ JE ₈ in Assisted Habitat Approach _FE when I′ _H3 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₉ in Assisted Habitat Approach _FE when I′ _H1 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₅ in Natural Habitat Approach Z _E when I′ _H2 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₄ in natural habitat method Z _E , when I' _H3 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₆ in natural habitat method Z _E , when I' _H1 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₃ in conservation habitat method B _E , When I' _H2 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₁ in the conservation habitat method B _E , when I' _H3 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₂ in the conservation habitat method B _E ; when Y ₁₁ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₂ and Y ₂₁ ≤ I _O <Y ₂₂ , enable the auxiliary bioremediation method F _A , the natural bioremediation method Z _A and the conservation bioremediation method B _A in turn, and further judge the threshold range of I _Oi , when I′ _O1 < Y ₃₁ enable the auxiliary biological method F JA ₉ in _A when _I'O2 < Y ₃₁ , I' _O4 < Y ₃₁ , or I' _O7 < Y ₃₁ enabling the assisted bioremediation method FA JA ₇ in _A when I' _O3 < Y ₃₁ , I' _O5 <Y ₃₁ or I′ _O6 < Y ₃₁ enables JA ₈ in assisted bioremediation method FA, when I′ _O1 <Y ₃₁ JA ₆ in natural bioremediation method Z _A , when _I ′ _O3 < Y ₃₁ , I′ _O5 < Y ₃₁ or I′ _O7 < Y ₃₁ enables JA ₅ in natural bioremediation method Z _A , when I′ _O2 < Y ₃₁ , I′ _O4 < Y ₃₁ or I′ _O6 < Y ₃₁ enables natural bioremediation method Z JA ₄ in _A , when _I'O1 < Y ₃₁ Conservation Bioremediation Method B JA ₃ in _A , when I' _O4 < Y ₃₁ or I' _O6 < Y ₃₁ JA ₁ in Conservation Bioremediation Method B _A , JA ₂ in conservation bioremediation method BA is enabled when _I ' _O2 < Y ₃₁ , I' _O3 < Y ₃₁ , I' _O5 < Y ₃₁ , or I' _O7 < Y ₃₁ ; when Y ₁₂ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₃ and Y ₂₂ ≤I _W <Y ₂₃ , activate the natural water quality restoration method Z _W and the conservation water quality restoration method B _W in turn, and further judge the threshold range of I′ _wi , when I′ _W1 <Y ₃₂ , I′ _W3 <Y ₃₂ , _I'W5 <Y ₃₂ or _I'W6 <Y ₃₂ , enable natural water quality restoration JW ₃ in method Z _W , when I' _W2 < Y ₃₂ , I' _W4 < Y ₃₂ , I' _W7 < Y ₃₂ or I' _W8 < Y ₃₂ enable JW ₄ in natural water quality restoration method Z _W , when I ′ _W1 <Y ₃₂ , I′ _W3 <Y ₃₂ , I′ _W5 <Y ₃₂ or I′ _W6 < Y ₃₂ enable JW ₁ in the conservation water quality restoration method B _W , when I′ _W2 <Y ₃₂ , I′ _W4 < Y ₃₂ , I′ _W7 <Y ₃₂ or I′ _W8 < Y ₃₂ enable JW ₂ in conservation water quality restoration method B _W ; when Y ₁₂ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₃ and Y ₂₂ ≤ I _H < Y ₂₃ , enable natural habitats in sequence Restoration method Z _E and conservation habitat restoration method B _E , and further judge the threshold range of I _Hi , when I' _H1 < Y ₃₂ , JE ₅ in the natural habitat method Z _E is enabled, and when I' _H2 < Y ₃₂ , the natural habitat method is enabled. JE ₄ in Habitat Method Z _E when I′ _H3 < Y ₃₂ enables JE ₆ in Natural Habitat Method Z _E when I′ _H1 < Y ₃₂ enables JE ₃ in Conservation Habitat Method B _E when I′ _H2 < Y ₃₂ enables JE ₁ in the conservation habitat method BE, when I′ _H3 <Y ₃₂ enables _{JE 2} in the conservation habitat method BE; when Y ₁₂ ≤ _EHALL < Y ₁₃ and Y ₂₂ ≤ I _O < Y ₂₃ , in turn Enable the natural bioremediation method Z _A and the conservation bioremediation method B _A , and further judge the threshold range of I _Oi , when I′ _O1 <Y ₃₂ JA ₆ in the natural bioremediation method Z _A , when I′ _O3 <Y ₃₂ , I′ _O5 <Y ₃₂ or I′ _O7 < Y ₃₂ enable JA ₅ in natural bioremediation method Z _A , when I′ _O2 < Y ₃₂ , I′ _O4 < Y ₃₂ or I′ _O6 < Y ₃₂ enable natural JA ₄ in bioremediation method Z _A when _I'O1 < Y ₃₂ JA ₃ in conservation bioremediation method B _A when I' _O4 < Y ₃₂ or I' _O6 < Y ₃₂ enabled conservation bioremediation method B _A JA ₁ , when _I'O2 < Y ₃₂ , I' _O3 < Y ₃₂ , I' _O5 < Y ₃₂ or I' _O7 < Y ₃₂ JA ₂ in conservation bioremediation method BA is enabled; when _EHALL ≥ Y ₁₃ and If I _W ≥ Y ₂₃ , the conservation water quality restoration method B _W is activated, and the threshold range of I' _wi is further judged. When I' _W1 <Y ₃₃ , I' _W3 <Y ₃₃ , I' _W5 <Y ₃₃ or I' _W6 < Y ₃₃ Enable conservation and water quality restoration method JW ₁ in B _W , when I' _W2 < Y ₃₃ , I' _W4 < Y ₃₃ , I' _W7 < Y ₃₃ or I' _W8 < Y ₃₃ , JW ₂ in conservation water quality restoration method B _W is enabled; when EHALL≥Y ₁₃ and I _H ≥ Y ₂₃ , enable conservation habitat restoration method BE, when I' _H1 < Y ₃₃ enable JE ₃ in conservation habitat method B _E , when I' _H2 < Y ₃₃ enable JE _{1 in conservation habitat method B E ,} when _I ' _H3 <Y ₃₃ enables JE ₂ in conservation habitat method BE; when _{EHALL≥Y 13} and _{I O} ≥ Y ₂₃ , enables conservation bioremediation method BA , and further judges the threshold range of I _Oi , when I′ _O1 <Y ₃₃ JA ₃ in conservation bioremediation method B _A , when I' _O4 < Y ₃₃ or I' _O6 < Y ₃₃ JA ₁ in conservation bioremediation method B _A , when I' _O2 < Y ₃₃ , I' _O3 <Y33, _I'O5 < _Y33 or _I'O7 < _Y33 enable _JA2 in conservation _{bioremediation} method _BA .

One cycle time in the step (8) is not less than 180 days, and the larger the EHALL, the longer one cycle time.

It can be seen from the technical solution of the present invention that the lake ecosystem health evaluation and restoration method provided by the present invention is the most important to the lake ecology by collecting real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters and performing data processing such as assigning grades to the real-time data of all parameters. The three aspects of water quality, habitat and biological comprehensive indicators are quantified, and then the water quality index, habitat comprehensive index and biological index for evaluating lake habitats, and lake ecosystem health index for comprehensive evaluation of lake ecosystem health are obtained through scientific calculation. The obtained lake ecosystem health index EHALL, water quality index I _W , habitat index I _H , biological index _IO , and the collected real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters are assigned to establish a lake ecosystem hierarchically arranged tree structure database. At the same time, a hierarchical tree structure database of lake ecosystem restoration methods is established, and corresponding threshold ranges are set for the data at all levels of the lake ecosystem hierarchical tree structure database. The level-by-level data is compared with the corresponding threshold range from the top level. When the data at each level of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database matches the corresponding threshold range, the tree structure database and lake ecosystem are arranged hierarchically in the lake ecosystem. A mapping relationship is established between the hierarchical arrangement databases of systematic restoration methods, and the corresponding restoration technology method is selected through the mapping relationship, so as to scientifically evaluate the health status of the lake ecosystem, quickly select an effective restoration technology method, and continuously improve the lake ecology.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the layered arrangement tree structure database of lake ecosystem of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the hierarchical arrangement tree structure database of the lake ecosystem restoration method of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is table 4 threshold value range and mapping relation one of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is table 5 threshold value scope and mapping relation two of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is table 6 threshold value range and mapping relation three of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is the threshold range and mapping relationship IV in Table 7 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail:

This example is aimed at the health evaluation and restoration of the lake ecosystem in Poyang Lake. The collected data of the water quality parameters I _Wi of Poyang Lake are I _W1 =17.114, I _W2 =28.225, I _W3 =7.314, I _W4 =7.136, I _W5 =1.348, I _W6 = 0.036, I _W7 = 0.075 and I _W8 = 2.359; the data of the Poyang Lake habitat parameter shore I _Hij I _H11 = 1.4, I _H12 = 1, I _H13 = 1, I _H14 = 0.9 and I _H15 = 1, The data I _H21 of the habitat sediment parameters I _H2j is rich in sediment, the ratio of silt and fine sand is relatively balanced, and the data I _H31 = 1, I _H32 = 0.67 and I _H33 = 1 of the habitat water parameters I _H3j ; the Poyang Lake biological finless porpoise was collected. Parameter I _O2j data I _O21 = 1, fish parameter I _O3j data I _O31 = 1, I _O32 = 0.46, aquatic plant parameter I _O4j data I _O41 = 0.26, benthic animal parameter I _O5j data I _O51 = 0.93, the data I _{O61 of the phytoplankton parameter I O6j =} 1, the data of the zooplankton parameter I _O7j I _O71 =0.28.

The real-time data collected in the present invention is the most important and commonly used parameter among the lake ecological characteristic parameters, and can be added or selected according to the actual situation of the lake to be restored. The ratio of the target data.

计算出鄱阳湖水质指数I_W，其计算式为a. According to Table 1, assign scores to the collected real-time data of water quality parameter I _Wi to obtain the corresponding score values as shown in Table 8. The historical values of previous Poyang Lake optimal state years are used as reference values to set the water quality index I _W The weights P _i , and the values of P _i are shown in Table 8. According to

The Poyang Lake water quality index I _W is calculated, and its formula is:

I _W = (3*70+1*60+4*100+1*90+2*30+3*80+1*65+3*100)/18=79.2

The evaluation score of Poyang Lake water quality index is 79.2

Table 8

和公式

计算出鄱阳湖生境指数，其计算式为b. According to Table 2, assign scores to the collected real-time data of Habitat Index I _H to get the corresponding scores. See Table 9 for details. The historical value of the previous year of Poyang Lake's optimal state is used as the reference value to set the Habitat Comprehensive Index I _H The weights T _i and T _ij of , the values of T _i and T _ij are shown in Table 9, according to

and formula

The Poyang Lake habitat index is calculated, and its formula is:

I _H1 = (1*10+1*100+1*100+1*70+1*70)/5=70

I _H2 = (1*100)/1=100

I _H3 = (1*100+1*30+1*100)/3=76.7

I _H = (1*70+1*100+1*76.7)/3=82.2

The evaluation score of Poyang Lake habitat index is 82.2

Table 9

和公式

计算出鄱阳湖生物指标I_O，其计算式为c. According to Table 3, assign scores to the _collected real-time data of biological indicators 10 and obtain corresponding scores. See Table 10 for details. The historical value of the previous optimal state of Poyang Lake is the reference value to set the biological comprehensive index ₁₀ . The weights Q _i and Q _ij of , see Table 10 for details, according to the formula

and formula

The Poyang Lake biological index _IO is calculated, and its calculation formula is:

I _O2 = (1*100)/1=100

I _O3 = (1*100+1*30)/2=65

I _O4 = (1*10)/1=10

I _O5 = (1*100)/1=100

I _O6 = (1*100)/1=100

I _O7 = (1*10)/1=10

I _O = (3*100+3*65+1*10+1*100+1*100+1*10)/10=71.5

Table 10

According to the formula EHALL=I _W W _W +I _H W _H +I _O W _O , the ecological health index of Poyang Lake is calculated, wherein W _W =0.2, W _H =0.3, W _O =0.5, and its calculation formula is

EHALL=0.2*79.2+0.3*82.2+0.5*71.5=76.3

The lake ecological health index EHALL of Poyang Lake is 76.3.

As shown in Figure 1, the above obtained Poyang Lake lake ecosystem health index _EHALL , water quality index IW, ecological environment index _IH , biological index _IO , and the collected real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters are assigned scores A tree structure database of Poyang Lake ecosystems is established in layers. The top data of the tree structure is the lake ecosystem health index EHALL, and the middle layer data under EHALL is the water quality index I _W , the ecological environment index I _H and the biological index I _O . The lower layer data under I _H are shore zone I _H1 , substrate I _H2 and water body I _H3 , and the lower layer data under I _O are finless porpoise I _O2 , fish I _O3 , aquatic plant I _O4 , benthic animal I _O5 , phytoplankton For I _O6 and zooplankton I _O7 , each subordinate data subordinate has at least one bottom data, and the bottom data is the assigned value of the collected real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters.

As shown in Figure 2, a hierarchical tree structure database of lake ecosystem restoration methods is established. The tree structure includes at least top-level data, middle-level data, lower-level data and bottom-level data. The top-level data is the comprehensive restoration method of lake ecosystems, and the top-level data is The middle-level data under the data includes conservation and protection method B, natural restoration method Z, auxiliary restoration method F and ecological reconstruction method S. Each middle-level data subordinate has four lower-level data, of which the lower-level data under the conservation and protection method B includes: Conservation water quality restoration method B _W , conservation ecological environment restoration method B _E and conservation bioremediation method B _A ; the subordinate data of natural restoration method Z includes natural water quality restoration method Z _W , natural ecological environment restoration method Z _E and natural bioremediation method Z _A ; the subordinate data of the auxiliary restoration method F includes the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW , the auxiliary ecological environment restoration method _FE and the auxiliary bioremediation method _FA ; the lower data of the ecological restoration method S includes the ecological restoration water quality restoration method _SW , ecological remodeling ecological environment restoration method _SE and ecological remodeling bioremediation method _SA ; each lower-level data subordinate has more than two underlying data, and the underlying data is the restoration technology method.

According to the established target method, the corresponding threshold ranges are respectively set for the data at all levels of the Poyang Lake ecosystem hierarchically arranged tree structure database, Y ₁₁ is 60, Y ₁₂ is 80, Y ₁₃ is 90; Y ₂₁ is 50, Y ₂₂ is 75, Y ₂₃ is 90; Y ₃₁ is 50, Y ₃₂ is 75, and Y ₃₃ is 90.

According to the threshold range and mapping relationship shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6, compare the data at all levels of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database with the corresponding threshold range from the top level. When the data of each layer of the system hierarchical arrangement database matches the corresponding threshold range, a mapping relationship is established between the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database and the lake ecosystem restoration method hierarchical arrangement database, and the corresponding database is selected through the mapping relationship. repair techniques;

The lake ecological health index of Poyang Lake is 76.3, and the range is 60≤EHALL<80. The auxiliary restoration method F, the natural restoration method Z and the conservation protection method B are used in turn, and the water quality index I _W , habitat index I _H and biological Judging the threshold range of the index I _O , the Poyang Lake water quality index I _W is 79.2, 60≤EHALL<80 and 75≤I _W <90, and the natural water quality restoration method Z _W and the conservation water quality restoration method B _W are used in turn; The threshold range of I' _wi is determined, I' _W1 = 70, I' _W3 = 100, I' _W5 = 30 or I' _W6 = 80, and the water body self-purification restoration technology JW ₃ in the natural water quality restoration method Z _W is enabled, I ' _W2 =60, _I'W4 =90, _I'W7 =65 or _I'W8 =100 to enable the dynamic water exchange technology JW ₄ in the natural water quality restoration method Z _W , _I'W1 =70, _I'W3 =100, I' _W5 = 30 or I' _W6 = 80 Activate the conservation water quality restoration method B _W Domestic sewage treatment technology for urban residents JW ₁ , I' _W2 = 60, I' _W4 = 90, I' _W7 = 65 or I' _W8 =100, enable the water pollution source input control technology JW ₂ in the conservation water quality restoration method _BW .

The habitat index I _H of Poyang Lake is 82.2, 60≤EHALL<80 and 75≤I _H <90, the natural habitat restoration method Z _E and conservation habitat restoration method B _E are used in turn; and the threshold range of I _Hi is further judged, I ' _H1 = 10 enable the restoration of river-lake connectivity technology JE ₅ in the natural habitat method Z _E ; I' _H2 = 100 enable the plant species selection planting technology JE ₄ in the natural habitat method Z _E ; I' _H31 = 100, I' _H32 = 30, I' _H33 = 100 Enabling Natural Habitat Method Z _E Natural Restoration Technology JE ₆ ; I' _H11 = 10, I' _H12 = 100, I' _H13 = 100, I' _H14 = 70, I ' _H15 = 70 enable the comprehensive habitat conservation technology JE ₃ in the conservation habitat method B _E ; I' _H2 = 100 enable the returning fishing to lake technology JE ₁ in the conservation habitat method B _E ; I' _H31 = 100, I' _H32 = 30. I′ _{H33 =} 100 to activate the lake shore remediation technology JE ₂ in the habitat conservation method BE.

The Poyang Lake biological index _IO is 71.5, 60≤EHALL<80 and _50≤IO <75. The auxiliary bioremediation method FA, the natural bioremediation method Z _A , and the conservation bioremediation method _BA are used in turn, and the _{I Oi} Judging from the threshold range, I' _{O1 =} 0 enables the bird bait resource restoration technology JA ₉ in the auxiliary biological method FA; I' _O2 = 100, I' _O4 = 10 or I' _O7 = 10 enables the auxiliary bio-remediation Aquatic Plant Community Natural Restoration Technology JA ₇ in Method FA; _I ' _O3 = 100, I' _O5 = 100 or I' _{O6 =} 100 Enable Assisted Bioremediation Special Fish Stocking Technology JA ₈ in Method FA; I' _O1 =0 Natural Bioremediation Method Z _A Natural Restoration Technique JA ₆ ; _I'O3 =100, _I'O5 =100 or _I'O7 =10 Enable Natural Bioremediation Method Z _A Aquatic Food Chain Control Technique _JA5 ; _I'O2 =100, _I'O4 =10 or _I'O6 =100 In situ bioremediation technique _JA4 in natural bioremediation method Z _A enabled; _I'O1 =0 in conservation bioremediation method B _A Integrated bird conservation technology JA ₃ ; I' _O4 = 10 ₁ or I' _O6 = 100 Enable conservation and bioremediation method B _A Restoration technology with grass-controlled algae JA ₁ ; I' _O2 = 100, I' _O3 = 30 , _I'O5 =100 or _{I'O7 =} 100 enable the biological invasive species control technology JA ₂ in the conservation bioremediation method BA.

To sum up, the combined restoration technology method selected according to the actual ecosystem health of Poyang Lake is as follows: for water quality, the urban residents' domestic sewage treatment technology JW ₁ , the water pollution source input control technology JW ₂ , the water body self-purification restoration technology JW ₃ and the power Water exchange technology JW ₄ ; in terms of habitat, the technology of returning fishing to lakes JE ₁ , lake shore regulation technology JE ₂ , comprehensive habitat conservation technology JE ₃ , plant species selection and planting technology JE ₄ , river-lake restoration technology JE ₅ , plant community Natural restoration technology JE ₆ ; for biological aspects, the use of grass control algae restoration technology JA ₁ , biological invasive species control technology JA ₂ , bird comprehensive conservation technology JA ₃ , in situ bioremediation technology JA ₄ , water layer food chain control technology JA ₅ , bird community natural restoration technology JA ₆ , aquatic plant community natural restoration technology JA ₇ , special fish feeding technology JA ₈ and bird bait resource restoration technology JA ₉ .

The Poyang Lake was rehabilitated using the above-selected combined remediation techniques. One cycle time, that is, after 360 days, the real-time data of the lake's ecological characteristic parameters were collected according to step (1), and steps (2), (3), and (4) were repeated. ), (5), (6) and (7), the Poyang Lake was further restored according to the re-selected restoration technology method, and the restoration was continued until the EHALL≥90 was obtained.

Claims (5)

1. a lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: (1) Collect real-time data of important ecological characteristic parameters of lakes, and the data structure of characteristic parameters includes at least water quality parameter I _Wi , habitat parameter I _Hij and biological parameter I _Oij ; The data structure of the water quality parameter I _Wi includes 8 parameters: I _W1 , I _W2 , I _W3 , I _W4 , I _W5 , I _W6 , I _W7 and I _W8 , where I _W1 is chlorophyll a, I _W2 is water temperature, I W1 _W3 is dissolved oxygen DO, _{1W4 is pH value, 1W5 is} total nitrogen TN, _1W6 is ammonia nitrogen _NH3 -N, _1W7 is total phosphorus TP, _1W8 is chemical oxygen demand COD _Mn ; Among them, the data structure of habitat parameter I _Hij must include three categories of indexes: shore index I _H1 , bottom quality index I _H2 and water body index I _H3 , each category of habitat index contains single or multiple habitat parameters, of which the shore index I _H1 includes the degree of urbanization in the lake basin I _H11 , the degree of agriculturalization in the lake basin I _H12 , the forest coverage in the lake basin I _H13 , the grassland coverage in the lake basin I _H14 and/or the proportion of natural shorelines I _H15 ; the substrate index I _H2 includes the substrate condition I _H21 ; water body index I _H3 includes the coverage of aquatic plants I _H31 , the shrinkage rate of the lake surface water I _H32 , the unblocked rate of the opening of the river and lake I _H33 , the ratio of the average water level in the wet season I _H34 and/or Average ratio of water level in dry season I _H35 ; The data structure of biological parameters I _Oij must include 7 categories of indices: bird index I _O1 , finless porpoise index I _O2 , fish index I _O3 , aquatic plant index I _O4 , benthic animal index I _O5 , phytoplankton index I _O6 and/or zooplankton index _IO7 , each category of biological index contains single or multiple biological parameters, select as many of the following important biological parameters as possible to participate in the evaluation under the condition of sufficient real-time data, wherein bird index _IO1 includes birds Species change rate I _O11 and bird population change rate I _O12 ; finless porpoise index I _O2 includes finless porpoise population change rate I _O21 ; fish index I _O3 includes natural fishery resource yield change rate I _O31 , indigenous species change rate I _O32 , number of alien species I _O33 , rate of change in number of migratory fish species I _O34 and/or proportion of pollution-tolerant species I _O35 ; aquatic plant index I _O4 includes rate of change in number of indigenous species I _O41 , number of alien species ₁₀₄₂ and/or the proportion of pollution-tolerant species ₁₀₄₃ ; the benthic index ₁₀₅ includes the rate of change in the number of indigenous species ₁₀₅₁ , the number of exotic species ₁₀₅₂ and the proportion of pollution-tolerant species ₁₀₅₃ ; the phytoplankton index ₁₀₆ includes The rate of change in the number of indigenous species I _O61 , the number of exotic species I O62, the proportion of pollution-tolerant species I _O63 and/or the proportion of _{cyanobacteria I O64 ;} the zooplankton index I _O7 includes the rate of change in the number of indigenous species I _O71 , exotic species Number ₁₀₇₂ and/or proportion of stain-tolerant species ₁₀₇₃ ; (2) Perform data processing on all parameters obtained in step (1): (2.1) According to the scoring standard, assign scores to the real-time data collected in the water quality parameter I _Wi to obtain I _Wi , the assigned score value I′ _Wi corresponding to i=1,2,...,n, i=1,2 ,...,n, the score that has not been collected is 0, the corresponding weight is 0, and then the weight value is used to calculate the water quality index I _W according to formula 1;

In the formula: I _W is the water quality index, P _i is the weight of the water quality parameter I _Wi , 1≤P _i ≤4, n is a natural number, n≤8, (2.2) Score the real-time data collected in the habitat parameter I _Hij according to the scoring standard to obtain the corresponding score I′ _Hij , the score that has not been collected is 0, and the corresponding weight is 0, and then use the value according to the weight. , calculate the birthplace index I _Hi according to formula 2, and calculate the birthplace comprehensive index I _H according to formula 3;

where I _Hi is the habitat index, I' _Hij is the assigned score of the habitat parameter I _Hij ; T _ij is the weight of the habitat parameter I _Hij , 1≤T _ij ≤4; n is a natural number, n≤5;

In the formula: I _H is the habitat comprehensive index, I _Hi is the habitat index; T _i is the weight of the habitat index I _Hi , 1≤T _i ≤4; n is a natural number, n=3; (2.3) Score the real-time data collected by the biological parameter I _Oij according to the scoring standard to obtain the corresponding scoring value I′ _Oij , the score that has not been collected is 0, and the corresponding weight is 0, and then use the value according to the weight, Calculate the biological index I _Oij according to formula 4, and calculate the biological comprehensive index Io according to formula 5;

In the formula: I _Oi is the biological index, I' _Oij is the assigned score of the biological parameter I _Oij ; Q _ij is the weight of the biological parameter I _Oij , 1≤Q _ij ≤4; n is a natural number, n≤5;

In the formula: I _O is the biological comprehensive index, I _Oi is the biological index; Qi is the weight of the corresponding biological index I _Oi , _{1≤Q i ≤4} , n is a natural number, n=7; The collection of parameters I _Wi , I _Hij and I _Oij used in formula (1), formula (2) and formula (4) meet the requirements of step (1), and take 0 for the data that has not been collected; In this step, the historical value of the previous optimal state year is used as the reference value to set the weight P _i of the water quality index I _W , the weights T _i and T ij of the comprehensive habitat index I _H , and the weights Q _i and T _ij of the comprehensive biological index I _O Q _ij ; (3) Obtain the lake ecosystem health index EHALL by formula 6, EHALL is the acronym for EcosystemHealthAssessment of Large Lake, EHALL=I _W W _W +I _H W _H +I _O W _O Equation 6, where W _W is the weight of the water quality index; W _H is the weight of the habitat index; W _O is the weight of the biological index; _WW , _WH , _WO add up to 1; (4) Use the obtained lake ecosystem health index EHALL, water quality index I _W , habitat index I _H , biological index I _O , and the assigned scores of the collected real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters to establish a layered tree of lake ecosystems The top layer of the tree structure is the lake ecosystem health index EHALL, the middle layer data under EHALL is the water quality index I _W , the habitat index I _H and the biological index I _O , and the lower layer data under I _H is the shore zone I _H1 , substrate I _H2 and water body I _H3 , the lower data under I _O are birds I _O1 , finless porpoise I _O2 , fish I _O3 , aquatic plants I _O4 , benthic animals I _O5 , phytoplankton I _O6 and zooplankton I _O7 , each subordinate data subordinate has at least one or more bottom layer data, and the bottom layer data is the assigned value of the collected real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters; (5) Establish a hierarchically arranged tree structure database of lake ecosystem restoration methods. The tree structure includes at least top-level data, middle-level data, lower-level data and bottom-level data. The top-level data is the comprehensive restoration method of lake ecosystems. The middle layer data includes conservation and protection method B, natural restoration method Z, auxiliary restoration method F and ecological reconstruction method S. Each middle layer data has four lower layers of data, of which the lower layer data under the conservation and protection method B includes conservation and water quality restoration. Method B _W , conservation habitat restoration method B _E and conservation bioremediation method B _A ; the subordinate data of natural restoration method Z includes natural water quality restoration method Z _W , natural habitat restoration method Z _E and natural bioremediation method Z _A ; auxiliary restoration The subordinate data under the method F include the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW , the auxiliary habitat restoration method _FE and the auxiliary bioremediation method _FA ; the lower data under the ecological remodeling method _S include the ecological remodeling water quality restoration method SW, the ecological remodeling method Habitat restoration method _SE and ecological remodeling bioremediation method _SA ; each subordinate data subordinate has more than two bottom data, and the bottom data is restoration technology method; the established lake ecosystem restoration method hierarchically arranged tree structure database , the bottom data under the bottom data are restoration technology methods, specifically, the bottom data under the conservation water quality restoration method B _W include at least the urban residents' domestic sewage treatment technology JW ₁ and the water pollution source input control technology JW ₂ ; the natural water quality restoration method Z _W is under The bottom data at least include water self-purification repair technology JW ₃ and dynamic water exchange technology JW ₄ ; the bottom data under the auxiliary water quality repair method F _W at least include ecological stabilization pond technology JW ₅ , microbial inoculum technology JW ₆ and biofilm technology JW ₇ ; The bottom data of ecological remodeling and water quality restoration method _SW includes at least aquaculture technology JW ₈ and sediment dredging technology JW ₉ ; the bottom data of conservation habitat restoration method B _E at least includes returning fishing to lake technology JE ₁ , lake shore technology Remediation technology JE ₂ and comprehensive habitat conservation technology JE ₃ ; the underlying data of natural habitat restoration method Z _E at least include plant species selection planting technology JE ₄ , river-lake connection restoration technology JE ₅ and plant community natural restoration technology JE ₆ ; auxiliary The bottom data under the habitat restoration method _FE include at least the submerged dam wave elimination technology JE ₇ , the forest belt planting technology around the lake JE ₈ and the buffer zone vegetation restoration technology JE ₉ ; the bottom data under the ecological remodeling and habitat restoration method _SE at least include artificial Wetland technology JE ₁₀ , ecological floating bed technology JE ₁₁ and bottom habitat remodeling technology JE ₁₂ ; the bottom data of conservation and bioremediation method B _A at least include grass-control algae restoration technology JA ₁ , biological invasive species control technology JA ₂ and bird JA ₃ of quasi-integrated conservation technology; natural bioremediation method Z _A The underlying data includes at least in situ bioremediation technology JA ₄ , water layer food chain control Technology JA ₅ and bird community natural restoration technology JA ₆ ; the bottom data of auxiliary bioremediation method _FA includes at least aquatic phytoremediation technology JA ₇ , special fish feeding technology JA ₈ and bird bait resource restoration technology JA ₉ ; ecological _The underlying data under the remodeling bioremediation method SA at least include aquatic animal feeding technology JA ₁₀ , aquatic plant community remodeling technology JA ₁₁ and bird community remodeling technology JA ₁₂ ; (6) Set corresponding threshold ranges for the data at all levels of the tree structure database of lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement, and perform a step-by-step process starting from the top level with the data at all levels of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database and the corresponding threshold ranges. By comparison, when the data at each layer of the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement database matches the corresponding threshold range, a mapping relationship is established between the lake ecosystem hierarchical arrangement tree structure database and the lake ecosystem restoration method hierarchical arrangement database, and through The corresponding restoration technology method is selected for the mapping relationship; the threshold range of setting the top-level data of the lake ecosystem as the health index EHALL is EHALL＜Y ₁₁ , Y ₁₁ ≤EHALL＜Y ₁₂ , Y ₁₂ ≤EHALL＜Y ₁₃ and EHALL≥Y ₁₃ ; The intermediate layer data under the lake ecosystem EHALL is the threshold range of the water quality index I _W , respectively I _W <Y ₂₁ , Y ₂₁ ≤I _W <Y ₂₂ , Y ₂₂ ≤I _W <Y ₂₃ and I _W ≥ Y ₂₃ , The threshold ranges of habitat index I _H are I _H <Y ₂₁ , Y ₂₁ ≤I _H <Y ₂₂ , Y ₂₂ ≤I _H <Y ₂₃ and I _H ≥ Y ₂₃ , and the threshold ranges of biological index I _O are I _O <Y ₂₁ , Y ₂₁ ≤ I _O <Y ₂₂ , Y ₂₂ ≤ I _O <Y ₂₃ and I _O ≥ Y ₂₃ ; the bottom data under the water quality index I _W is the assigned score of the collected real-time data of lake ecological characteristic parameters I' _Wi , i=1,2,...,8, the threshold range of each assigned value is _I'Wi <Y ₃₁ , Y ₃₁ ≤I' _Wi <Y ₃₂ , Y ₃₂ ≤I' _Wi <Y ₃₃ and I′ _Wi ≥ Y ₃₃ , the lower data under the habitat index I _H are the shore zone I _H1 , the substrate I _H2 and the water body I _H3 , and the lower data under the biological index I _O are birds I _O1 , finless porpoise I _O2 , fish I _O3 , aquatic plant I _O4 , benthic I _O5 , phytoplankton I _O6 and zooplankton I _O7 ; the threshold range and mapping relationship are as follows: EHALL < Y ₁₁ , the ecological remodeling method S and the auxiliary restoration method F are used in turn. If Y ₁₁ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₂ , the auxiliary restoration method F, the natural restoration method Z, and the conservation and protection method B are used in turn, and further the water quality index I _W The threshold range of habitat index I _H and biological index I _O is judged. When I _W < Y ₂₁ , the ecological remodeling water quality restoration method _SW , the auxiliary water quality restoration method FW , the natural water quality restoration method Z _W and the conservation water quality restoration method are used in turn _. For all restoration techniques and methods under restoration method B and _W , when I _H <Y ₂₁ , ecological remodeling and habitat restoration method _SE , auxiliary Habitat restoration method _FE , natural habitat restoration method Z _E and conservation habitat restoration method _BE , when _IO < Y ₂₁ , the ecological remodeling bioremediation method _SA , the auxiliary bioremediation method _FA , and the natural bioremediation method Z are enabled in turn. _A and conservation bioremediation method B _A ; when Y ₁₁ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₂ and Y ₂₁ ≤ I _W < Y ₂₂ , the auxiliary water quality restoration method _{FW , the natural water quality restoration method Z W and the conservation water quality restoration method B W are enabled} in sequence, And further judge the threshold range of _I'wi , when _I'W1 <Y ₃₁ or I' _W2 <Y ₃₁ , enable JW ₅ in the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW , when I' _W3 <Y ₃₁ , I' _W4 < Y ₃₁ or I' _W5 < Y ₃₁ enables JW ₆ in the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW , when I' _W6 < Y ₃₁ , I' _W7 < Y ₃₁ or I' _W8 < Y ₃₁ in the auxiliary water quality restoration method _FW JW ₇ , when I' _W1 < Y ₃₁ , I' _W3 < Y ₃₁ , I' _W5 < Y ₃₁ or I' _W6 < Y ₃₁ , JW ₃ in the natural water quality restoration method Z _W is enabled, when I' _W2 < Y ₃₁ , I′ _W4 <Y ₃₁ , I′ _W7 < Y ₃₁ or I′ _W8 < Y ₃₁ enable JW ₄ in the natural water quality restoration method Z _W , when I′ _W1 < Y ₃₁ , I′ _W3 < Y ₃₁ , I′ _W5 <Y ₃₁ or I' _W6 < Y ₃₁ enables JW ₁ in conservation water quality restoration method B _W , when I' _W2 < Y ₃₁ , I' _W4 < Y ₃₁ , I' _W7 < Y ₃₁ or I' _W8 < Y _31. Enable JW ₂ in conservation water quality restoration method B _W ; when Y ₁₁ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₂ and Y ₂₁ ≤ I _H < Y ₂₂ , enable auxiliary habitat restoration method _FE , natural habitat restoration method Z _E and conservation habitat restoration in turn Method B _E , and further judge the threshold range of I _Hi , when I' _H1 <Y ₃₁ enable JE ₇ in the assisted habitat method _FE , when I' _H2 < Y ₃₁ enable JE ₈ in the assisted habitat method _FE , when I' _H3 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₉ in assisted habitat method _FE , when I' _H1 < Y ₃₁ enables JE ₅ in natural habitat method Z _E , when I' _H2 < Y ₃₁ enables natural habitat method Z _E JE ₄ in Natural Habitat Method Z _E when _I'H3 < Y ₃₁ JE ₆ in Conservation Habitat Method BE enabled when I' _H1 < Y ₃₁ JE ₃ in Conservation Habitat Method B _E enabled when I' _H2 < Y ₃₁ JE ₁ in habitat method B _E when I′ _H3 < Y _{3 1} Enable JE ₂ in the conservation habitat method B _E ; when Y ₁₁ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₂ and Y ₂₁ ≤ I _O < Y ₂₂ , enable the auxiliary bioremediation method _{FA , the natural bioremediation method Z A and} the conservation bioremediation method in turn _{B A} , and further judge the threshold range of I _Oi , when I' _O1 <Y ₃₁ enables JA ₉ in the auxiliary biological method FA, when I' _O2 <Y ₃₁ , I' _O4 <Y ₃₁ or I' _O7 < Y ₃₁ enables JA ₇ in assisted bioremediation method _{FA when I'O3 <} Y ₃₁ , _I ' _O5 < Y ₃₁ or I' _O6 < Y ₃₁ enables JA ₈ in assisted bioremediation method FA when I ' _O1 < Y ₃₁ JA ₆ in natural bioremediation method Z _A , when I' _O3 < Y ₃₁ , I' _O5 < Y ₃₁ or I' _O7 < Y ₃₁ enables JA ₅ in natural bioremediation method Z _A , when I' _O2 < Y ₃₁ , I' _O4 < Y ₃₁ or I' _O6 < Y ₃₁ enables JA ₄ in natural bioremediation method Z _A , while I' _O1 < Y ₃₁ conserves JA ₃ in bioremediation method B _A , JA ₁ in conservation bioremediation method BA is enabled when I' _O4 < Y ₃₁ or _I ' _O6 < Y ₃₁ , when I' _O2 < Y ₃₁ , I' _O3 < Y ₃₁ , I' _O5 < Y ₃₁ or I' _O7 < Y ₃₁ enables JA ₂ in conservation bioremediation method B _A ; when Y ₁₂ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₃ and Y ₂₂ ≤ I _W < Y ₂₃ , the natural water quality restoration method Z _W and the conservation water quality restoration method B _W are enabled in turn, And further judge the threshold range of _I'wi , when _I'W1 <Y ₃₂ , I' _W3 < Y ₃₂ , I' _W5 < Y ₃₂ or I' _W6 < Y ₃₂ , the JW in the natural water quality restoration method Z _W is enabled. _3. When I' _W2 <Y ₃₂ , I' _W4 < Y ₃₂ , I' _W7 < Y ₃₂ or I' _W8 < Y ₃₂ , JW ₄ in the natural water quality restoration method Z _W is enabled, when I' _W1 < Y ₃₂ , I' _W3 <Y ₃₂ , I' _W5 < Y ₃₂ or I' _W6 < Y ₃₂ enable JW ₁ in conservation water quality restoration method B _W , when I' _W2 < Y ₃₂ , I' _W4 < Y ₃₂ , I' _W7 <Y ₃₂ or I′ _W8 < Y ₃₂ enable JW ₂ in conservation water quality restoration method B _W ; when Y ₁₂ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₃ and Y ₂₂ ≤ I _H < Y ₂₃ , activate natural habitat restoration method Z _E and conservation in turn Habitat restoration methods _BE and further thresholds for I _Hi The value range is judged, when I' _H1 < Y ₃₂ enables JE ₅ in the natural habitat method Z _E , when I' _H2 < Y ₃₂ enables JE ₄ in the natural habitat method Z _E , and when I' _H3 < Y ₃₂ enables the natural habitat method JE ₆ in habitat method Z _E , when I' _H1 < Y ₃₂ enables JE ₃ in conservation habitat method B _E , when I' _H2 < Y ₃₂ enables JE ₁ in conservation habitat method B _E , when I' _H3 < Y ₃₂ enables JE ₂ in the conservation habitat method B _E ; when Y ₁₂ ≤ EHALL < Y ₁₃ and Y ₂₂ ≤ I _O < Y ₂₃ , the natural bioremediation method Z _A and the conservation bioremediation method B _A are sequentially enabled, and further The threshold range of I _Oi is judged, when I' _O1 <Y ₃₂ JA ₆ in the natural bioremediation method Z _A , when I' _O3 < Y ₃₂ , I' _O5 < Y ₃₂ or I' _O7 < Y ₃₂ , the natural bioremediation is enabled JA ₅ in remediation method Z _A when I′ _O2 < Y ₃₂ , I′ _O4 < Y ₃₂ or I′ _O6 < Y ₃₂ enables JA ₄ in natural bioremediation method Z _A when I′ _O1 < Y ₃₂ conservation JA ₃ in bioremediation method _{BA when I'O4 <} Y ₃₂ or I' _O6 < Y ₃₂ JA ₁ in bioremediation method _BA when I' _O2 < Y ₃₂ , I' _O3 < Y ₃₂ , I′ _O5 <Y ₃₂ or I′ _O7 < Y ₃₂ , enable JA ₂ in conservation bioremediation method B _A ; when EHALL ≥ Y ₁₃ and I _W ≥ Y ₂₃ , enable conservation water quality restoration method B _W , and further improve I The threshold range of ' _wi is determined. When I' _W1 <Y ₃₃ , I' _W3 <Y ₃₃ , I' _W5 < Y ₃₃ or I' _W6 < Y ₃₃ , JW ₁ in the conservation water quality restoration method B _W is enabled, and when I ′ _W2 <Y ₃₃ , I′ _W4 < Y ₃₃ , I′ _W7 < Y ₃₃ or I′ _W8 < Y ₃₃ enable JW ₂ in conservation water quality restoration method B _W ; when EHALL≥Y ₁₃ and I _H ≥ Y ₂₃ , Enable conservation habitat restoration method BE, when I' _H1 <Y ₃₃ enable JE ₃ in conservation habitat method B _E , when I' _H2 < Y ₃₃ enable JE _{1 in conservation habitat method B E ,} when _I ' _H3 < Y ₃₃ Enable JE ₂ in conservation habitat method BE; when EHALL≥Y ₁₃ and I _O ≥ Y ₂₃ , enable conservation bioremediation method _{B A ,} and further judge the threshold range of I _Oi , when I′ _O1 <Y ₃₃ JA ₃ in conservation bioremediation method B _A when I′ _O4 <Y ₃₃ or _I'O6 < Y ₃₃ enable conservation JA ₁ in bioremediation method B _A , when I' _O2 < Y ₃₃ , I' _O3 < Y ₃₃ , I' _O5 < Y ₃₃ or I' _O7 < Y ₃₃ enable conservation JA ₂ in bioremediation method B _A ; wherein Y ₁₁ is 60, Y ₁₂ is 80, Y ₁₃ is 90; Y ₂₁ is 50, Y ₂₂ is 75, Y ₂₃ is 90; Y ₃₁ is 50, Y ₃₂ is 75 , Y ₃₃ is 90; (7) Use the restoration technology method selected according to the mapping relationship to restore the lake; (8) After restoring the lake with the selected restoration technology for a period of time, collect the real-time data of the lake ecological characteristic parameters according to step (1), and repeat steps (2), (3), (4), (5) ), (6) and (7) until EHALL≥90 is obtained. 2. The lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (3), _WW is 0.2, _WH is 0.3, and _WO is 0.5. 3. The lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: each domain value range in step (6) is determined according to historical benchmark method, mean value ratio method, known target method or established target method. Confirmation, the historical benchmark method uses the historical value of the previous optimal state year as the reference value to determine the threshold range; the mean value ratio method uses the historical average value of a previous time period as the reference value to determine the threshold value range, and the evaluation of this time period. The parameters are in the optimal state; the known target method is to determine the threshold range based on the known optimal data in the previous period as a reference value; the establishment of the target method is to determine the threshold value range based on the degree of harm to the current lake ecosystem health as a reference. 4. The lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the underlying data of the layered tree structure database of the lake ecosystem restoration method is an existing restoration technology method in the field of environmental protection , Urban residents' domestic sewage treatment technology JW ₁ : Urban residents' domestic sewage is collected by the urban drainage pipe network and transported to the sewage treatment plant for treatment; water pollution source input control technology JW ₂ : The implementation of the pollution sources existing along the lake into the lake and the water supply line Comprehensive remediation; water body self-purification restoration technology JW ₃ : that is, through the physical, chemical and biological action of the water body, the concentration of pollutants in the sewage is reduced, the water body is restored to the state before the pollution, and decomposed under the action of microorganisms , so as to restore the water body from unclean to clean; dynamic water exchange technology JW ₄ : regular water replenishment, accelerate the exchange of lake water, make the lake water body "move", improve its self-purification ability, improve the water quality of the lake, reduce the eutrophication of the lake Degree; ecological stabilization pond technology JW ₅ : a general term for structures that use natural purification capacity to treat sewage. It is a treatment facility that uses ponds as the main structure and uses natural biological groups to purify sewage. Stabilization ponds use solar energy as the initial energy. Plant aquatic plants in the pond, carry out aquatic products and waterfowl breeding, and form an artificial ecosystem. Under the promotion of solar energy as the initial energy, through the material migration and transformation of multiple food chains in the stable pond and the step-by-step transfer and transformation of energy, it will enter the The organic pollutants in the sewage in the pond are degraded and transformed, and finally the pollutants are removed, and the aquatic plants, aquatic products and waterfowl are recovered as resources, and the purified sewage is recovered and reused as a renewable resource; microbial inoculum technology JW ₆ : Using the activity of fungal microorganisms, the toxic and harmful pollutants can be converted into non-toxic or low-toxic inorganic compounds, and the water body can be restored to self-purification. In the water body, it interacts with the microorganisms in the water body to degrade the organic pollutants and effectively remove the pollutants; biofilm technology JW ₇ : When a large number of microorganisms are enriched on a carrier with a large specific surface area, the microorganisms contain Abundant nutrients, this carrier can effectively intercept, adsorb and degrade these substances, and then decompose the pollutants in the water, convert excess nutrients, and achieve the effect of purifying the polluted water body; aquaculture technology JW ₈ : Using the waters available for breeding and planting, the ecological habits of the breeding objects and the requirements for the environmental conditions of the waters are different, the use of aquaculture technology and facilities, aquatic economic animal and plant breeding; sediment dredging technology JW ₉ : scientifically formulate lake area dredging plans , adopt environmental protection and ecological dredging methods, focus on cleaning the silt on the bottom surface of the lake in local areas, increase the depth of the lake area, remove the pollutant content of the sediment, and effectively control the decomposition and release of organic matter in the sediment after the temperature rises in summer and autumn. produce adverse effects; at the same time, implement dredging and comprehensive river remediation for the rivers entering the lake, and reduce the total nitrogen in the sediment through ecological dredging Total phosphorus, to ensure the smooth flow of the river system, thereby improving the water quality of the river entering the lake; the technology of returning fishing to the lake JE ₁ : removing the breeding facilities that affect the natural ecological landscape of the lake, so that the lake water surface can be restored _; Projects on the use of coastlines in violation of laws and regulations in order to open up flood channels for rivers and lakes and widen the water area; comprehensive habitat conservation technology JE ₃ : protect or build original habitat characteristics and protect habitat diversity through various means; selection of plant species Planting technology JE ₄ : According to the state of the ecosystem, combined with the ecological laws of plants, select the species of plants under specified conditions, and select the appropriate environment for planting; river-lake connection restoration technology JE ₅ : maintain, reshape or build river-lake water flow connection channels , maintain the hydrological cycle, material cycle and energy cycle of river and lake basins, such as excavating and dredging connecting channels, dismantling control gates and dams; plant community natural restoration technology JE ₆ : through the physical, chemical and biological effects of the ecosystem itself, the plant community Restored to the state before the pollution; submerged dam wave elimination technology JE ₇ : submerged buildings below the controlled high water level in the lake area, and built for the main purpose of eliminating waves in the lakeside belt; forest belt planting technology around the lake JE ₈ : restoration and The reconstructed vegetation on the bank slope acts as a corridor, filter and barrier for the logistics, energy flow, information flow and biological flow between water and land ecosystems, and plays the role of controlling soil erosion, protecting the water bank, and increasing the provenance of animal and plant species. , improve biodiversity and ecosystem productivity, adjust microclimate and beautify many functions of the environment; buffer zone vegetation restoration technology JE ₉ : build embankments and plant aquatic plants on the upper slope of the buffer zone, and finally form an organic connection and ecological structure in regional space Constructed wetland technology JE ₁₀ : refers to artificially building pools or trenches, laying aquifers and filling substrates, and then planting aquatic plants, or placing sewage in controlled areas Dosing on wetlands with large aquatic plants and filter-feeding fish, making them often saturated, and reusing the physical, chemical, and biological triple synergy of substrates, plants, and microorganisms to allow sewage to flow through water-tolerant plants and soil and fish Ecological floating bed technology JE ₁₁ : In-situ restoration technology of water body ecology; traditional ecological floating bed is formed by using the restoration effect of aquatic plants and the principle of soilless cultivation, based on modern agriculture, and integrating ecological engineering measures. Soilless planting plant technology on water surface; sediment habitat remodeling technology JE ₁₂ : By selecting areas with suitable water quality and rich groundwater to conduct sediment observations, analyze the optimal sediment composition of the lake and the composition of optimal substrate habitat factors; Re-cultivation and sediment pavement reconstruction technology, to reconstruct the sediment habitat in the damaged area of the substrate; use the grass control algae restoration technology JA ₁ : select appropriate aquatic plant species to control planktonic algae biomass and nutrients in the water body Bio-invasive species control technology JA ₂ : Effective control of biological invasion, comprehensive cleaning and landfilling of invasive species, and control of their development; at the same time, prohibiting Artificial stocking and free-range invasive species in the lake area to avoid ecological risks; continuous monitoring of existing alien species to assess the risks they may bring; comprehensive bird conservation technology JA ₃ : comprehensive protection of bird communities; in situ Bioremediation technology JA ₄ : It is to improve the degradation of soil and river organic pollutants by soil indigenous microorganisms or exogenous microorganisms by adding microbial reagents, nutrients and soil amendments without changing the location of soil and rivers, thereby making Soil and rivers are restored; water layer food chain control technology JA ₅ : By adjusting the structure of aquatic animal community, adjusting the food web structure of the aquatic system, and using the feeding relationship between organisms to control the reproduction of algae and other phytoplankton, guide the area Wetland ecosystem will enter a virtuous cycle as soon as possible; Bird community natural restoration technology JA ₆ : Through the physical, chemical and biological effects of the ecosystem itself, the bird community will be restored to the state before the disturbance; Aquatic plant restoration technology JA ₇ : Restoration and rebuilding aquatic vegetation is the key to the restoration of water body ecological environment; aquatic plants are the natural skeleton of rivers and lakes, and are the key to conserving and maintaining biodiversity, extending food chains, nurturing and expanding complex food webs, and promoting ecosystem health and maintaining system diversity. JA ₈ : Rehabilitation and restoration of fish communities in lakes by proliferating and releasing special fish; Restoration technology of bird bait resources JA ₉ : Proliferating bait fish resources, improving swamp The suitability of wetlands as habitats for fish and birds, restoring the food chain structure of swamp wetlands; aquatic animal release technology JA ₁₀ : artificial proliferation and release, in order to make up for the lack of fish population resources, establish more artificial proliferation and release of fish The larvae that breed in the lake are collected and raised in ponds with a large number of plankton for February and March, and then returned to the lake to increase the fishery resources of the lake and improve the production performance and production capacity of the lake fishery; develop and cultivate the Yangtze finless porpoise Somatic cell technology, establish somatic cell bank, strengthen artificial reproduction of finless porpoise; aquatic plant community remodeling technology JA ₁₁ : adjust aquatic plant species and community layout, plant or remove aquatic plants, so as to improve the structure of aquatic plant community in lakes; Plastic technology JA ₁₂ : Adjust bird species and community layout, and carry out bird stocking, thereby improving bird community structure. 5 . The lake ecosystem health assessment and restoration method according to claim 1 , wherein a cycle time in step (8) is not less than 180 days, and the larger the EHALL, the longer a cycle time. 6 .

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