CN111252898A - Method for regulating and stably maintaining ecological system of shallow lake - Google Patents
Method for regulating and stably maintaining ecological system of shallow lake Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling and stably maintaining an ecological system of a shallow lake, which comprises the following steps: (1) evaluating a shallow lake to be regulated, acquiring different nutrient level distribution, the function intensity of each nutrient level and the biomass size of different functional groups in an ecological system of the lake, and further analyzing and evaluating whether the lake is nutrient imbalance and the type and the influence of imbalance factors; (2) regulating and controlling the proliferation of multi-nutritional level organisms; (3) recovering vegetation in the shallow water area and rebuilding the wetland; (4) after a period of time, repeating the operations of steps (1), (2) and (3); (5) the method comprises the steps of performing combined regulation on the water quality and the water quantity of a shallow lake to be regulated, detecting the rainfall of the area where the lake is located, monitoring the reservoir capacity replacement of the lake, obtaining the water area characteristics, the nutrition unbalance condition and the aquatic organism community functional group composition according to a hydrodynamic model, and periodically detecting and verifying the physical and chemical indexes of the water body. The method of the invention has good effect on the regulation and control of the ecosystem and can ensure that the ecosystem maintains dynamic balance for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological systems of shallow lakes, and relates to a method for regulating and stably maintaining an ecological system of a shallow lake.
Background
The regulation and control of the lake ecosystem comprise regulation and control of lake water conservancy (hydrology, hydrodynamic force and the like), physicochemical environmental factors (nitrogen and phosphorus input, water body dissolved oxygen and the like), regulation and control of ecological system food net structures (biodiversity, fishes, various aquatic organisms and the like), regulation and control of functions (material circulation and energy flow paths), and comprehensive regulation and control of all the factors in different combinations or all the factors. The stable maintaining technology of the lake ecosystem refers to that on the basis of developing the above various regulation and control, various inputs and outputs (such as water quantity, nutrients and the like) of the ecosystem tend to be more balanced, biological diversity is increased, a food net structure is more perfect, and the variation of hydrological processes, hydrodynamic processes and physical and chemical factors of a water body is coordinated with biological and ecological processes, so that the stability (stability) and restoring force (resilience) of the ecosystem are maximized.
At present, the domestic and foreign regulation and control of the lake ecosystem mainly comprises the following regulation and control technologies:
1) regulating and controlling the hydrological and hydrodynamic processes of the lake;
the ecological process of the lake is related to the flow state, the detention time, the size and the direction of lake flow and the like of a water body, generally, the detention time of lake water is long, the flow rate is low, and the growth of aquatic plants is facilitated; however, in lakes without aquatic plants, the decrease of the hydrodynamic process is not beneficial to the purification of pollutants by water. Therefore, the method is a common technical means by introducing external water flow as a regulation and control means of the lake ecosystem. For example, in Hangzhou west lake, the water quality is remarkably improved by introducing Qiantangjiang river water, and the technology is about to be applied to environmental management of Taihu lake, and the 'Yinjiangji-Tai' project is built and strengthened in recent years. The change of the hydrodynamic process of the lake can also change the input and output patterns of various nutrients in the lake, and the introduction of external water flow and the flow path of the external water flow in the lake have great influence on the ecological process of the lake. Therefore, the characteristics of the ecological system of the lake must be fully considered for regulating and controlling the hydrology and the hydrodynamic force of the lake, so that the hydrodynamic force regulation and the ecological regulation of the lake are coordinated as much as possible.
In addition, the flow velocity of the river entering the lake can be regulated and controlled through various projects, for example, the flow direction, the flow state and the final flow velocity of the water flow are changed by building a flow guide plate and the like, and the detention time of the water flow in the lake can be expected to be changed.
2) Regulating and controlling the input and output patterns of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen-phosphorus in lakes;
because the eutrophic lake generally has the conditions of low oxygen, oxygen lack and the like at the bottom layer due to the accumulation of organic matters at the bottom of the lake, the eutrophic lake not only endangers the growth of various bottom layer aquatic organisms such as benthonic animals, bottom layer fishes, aquatic plants and the like, but also accelerates the release of nutrients deposited in bottom mud, so that the improvement of the dissolved oxygen condition at the bottom layer of the water body is also a common means for ecological improvement, and aeration technology for the water body is used for improving the dissolved oxygen condition of the water body, such as the treatment of Thames river in England, the treatment of Japanese lake lute and the like.
In addition, the regulation and control of the physical and chemical conditions may also comprise the regulation and control of the input and output of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body. Such as building various preposed storehouses at the entrance of a river, building various ecological pollution-stopping projects at two sides of main lake-entering rivers in a drainage basin and the like. The projects can intercept total nitrogen and total phosphorus input into the water body. For example, in the treatment of Tianmu lake in Jiangsu, scientists use similar sewage-blocking ecological forests in large quantities in the territory, and the ecological forests have a very good effect on reducing pollutants.
3) Regulating and controlling the structure of an ecosystem;
the regulation and control of the ecosystem structure are widely applied at home and abroad, and the technology in the aspect mainly comprises the following steps: the technology for repairing the aquatic vegetation of the primary producer is widely applied to shallow lakes at present, and although the technology for repairing the aquatic vegetation on a large scale at present does not make a comprehensive breakthrough in the repair of the extremely eutrophic lakes, the technology is applied to lakes with light eutrophication degrees in a large quantity and achieves remarkable effect. As for the Mingzhu Chongming from Shanghai, various submerged plants are planted and transplanted artificially, and the food net structure is regulated, so that the aquatic vegetation coverage of the whole lake is less than 20% before restoration, and reaches more than 90% in two years, thereby playing an important role in maintaining the stability of the Mingzhu ecological system structure and improving the water quality.
In addition to regulation of primary producer structure by remediation of aquatic plants, primary producers can be regulated and adjustments made to the overall food net structure by the addition of primary consumers. At present, there are a lot of studies in this area both in China and abroad. For example, domestic great importance is attached to the treatment of water environment by using various freshwater mussels such as hyriopsis cumingii, plicated crown mussel, and anodonta woodiana, and by putting various freshwater mussels, the grazing on various phytoplankton can be effectively increased, so that the structure of a producer can be greatly influenced.
Although various single regulation and control technologies are widely applied at home and abroad, because various structures and ecological processes of the ecological system are not ideal as assumed by the technologies, in fact, any ecological system, regardless of the biological structure and the ecological process, has huge complexity, namely, the single technology in the past has certain limitations. Therefore, the development of a method for comprehensively regulating and controlling the ecosystem by integrating various regulation and control technologies is of practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex ecosystem and poor single regulation and control technical effect in the prior art, and provides a method for comprehensively regulating and controlling the ecosystem by integrating various regulation and control technologies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for regulating and stably maintaining a shallow lake ecosystem comprises the following steps:
(1) evaluating a shallow lake to be regulated, acquiring different nutrient level distribution, the function intensity of each nutrient level and the biomass size of different functional groups in an ecological system of the lake, and further analyzing and evaluating whether the lake is nutrient imbalance and the type and the influence of imbalance factors;
(2) regulation and control of multi-nutritional level biological proliferation:
determining the positions of the nutrition levels of various unbalance factors according to the types of the unbalance factors, and reinforcing weak substance circulation paths in the ecological system of the lake by adopting a proliferation and discharge technology;
(3) recovering vegetation in the shallow water area and rebuilding the wetland:
investigating vegetation composition, distribution, biomass and types in a shallow water area and a wetland, determining a plant function group, evaluating a relatively weak function group in the plant function group, selecting a proper aquatic plant, reasonably dividing the shallow water area and the wetland into areas according to the deficiency and the insufficient quantity of the relatively weak function group in the plant function group, and reasonably planting different terrains, wherein the species and the quantity of the aquatic plant are deficient, and selecting and distributing planting density according to the area size of the whole lake area, the biomass of herbivorous organisms and the planned lake area;
(4) after a period of time, repeating the operations of steps (1), (2) and (3);
(5) performing combined regulation on the water quality and the water quantity of the shallow lake to be regulated:
detecting rainfall of the area where the lake is located, monitoring reservoir capacity replacement of the lake, obtaining water area characteristics, nutrition unbalance conditions and aquatic organism community functional group composition according to a hydrodynamic model, and periodically detecting and verifying physical and chemical indexes of the water body.
According to the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecological system of the shallow lake, on one hand, a plurality of organisms with different nutrition levels are introduced into the ecological system by adopting a proliferation and releasing method, and weak substance circulation paths in the lake ecological system are enhanced in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction; on the other hand, the vegetation in the shallow water area is recovered, the wetland is rebuilt, and the low-nutrition-level plant system is recovered, wherein the vegetation in the shallow water area and the vegetation in the wetland are the most main primary producers in the lake, which is the basis of the lake ecosystem, can provide biological energy for the lake ecosystem, can purify the water quality of the lake, can enrich the food chain in the ecosystem by proliferation and discharge, promote the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem, implement non-classical biological control by proliferation and discharge in the water body, and can also play a role in regulating and controlling the type (structure) and the quantity of phytoplankton in the primary producer-water body, the water quality, water environment parameters and the like of the lake are controlled within a certain balance range by the mutual cooperation of the two means, and the ecosystem is further optimized by regulating and controlling the hydrology and hydrodynamic processes of the lake, namely, the water quality and quantity of the shallow water lake are jointly regulated and controlled (whether the means can be detected, dynamic regulation and control) is carried out, and the ecological system of the shallow lake can maintain dynamic balance for a long time. The method of the invention not only can improve the ecological environment of shallow lakes and provide a good environment for people, but also can cultivate economic aquatic products in lakes and bring good economic benefits.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the proliferation and releasing technology refers to a proliferation and releasing ecological restoration tool and calculates the proportion of the proliferation and releasing functional group organisms, the three-dimensional releasing is carried out, weak substance circulation channels in the ecological system of the lake are enhanced under the combined action of a plurality of organisms in the horizontal and vertical directions, the simultaneous proliferation and releasing of the organisms with a plurality of nutrient levels can avoid the problem that the biological proliferation and releasing of a single nutrient level has overlarge influence on the ecological system (the proliferation and releasing is too large for primary consumers) or is too slow (the proliferation and releasing is too slow for top-level consumers), and the fault tolerance of the ecological system is increased.
The ecological system regulation and stable maintenance method for the shallow lake comprises the steps of filter feeding fishes, filter feeding mussels, detritus feeding fishes and scraper snails. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can select appropriate ecological restoration tool species according to actual situations, and the present invention only lists some effective ecological restoration tool species.
According to the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecosystem of the shallow lake, the ecological restoration tool for proliferation and releasing is marked, and after a certain time of proliferation and releasing, the ecological restoration tool is recaptured by a mark recapturing method, so that the removal rate of phytoplankton can be evaluated by the quantity of filter-feeding fish catches, and the ecological benefit of proliferation and releasing can be evaluated. The proliferation and releasing ecological benefits can be evaluated by other technical means by those skilled in the art, and the invention is only taken as an example, and the actual protection scope is not limited thereto.
According to the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecosystem of the shallow lake, in the proliferation and releasing technology, the proliferation and releasing of the silver carps and bighead carps is 20-40 g/m3Wherein the number ratio of the silver carps to the bighead carps is 3: 7-4: 6; xenocypris davidi bleeker 5-15 g/m3(ii) a Mussels 15-25 g/m3(ii) a 30-45 g/m of snails3. By stocking and controlling the biomass of filter feeding fishes and mussels, and clastic feeding fishes such as plaps and scrape feeding snails, the control capability on planktonic and attached algae and the decomposition capability of dead organic matters are increased, the pumping action of various organisms on nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body is fully utilized, and the purification of water quality is promoted. The proliferation and release amount of silver carps and bighead carps (filter feeding fishes), xenocypris bleekers, mussels and snails (benthic fishes) can be adjusted within a certain range by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs, but the adjustment range is not easy to be too large, and the proliferation and release amount of the silver carps and bighead carps is too large: due to the special physiological structure, the plant growth regulator has high invasion to the original water body and grasses and has great inhibition effect on large phytoplankton,further causing the outbreak of the small algae, and promoting the raw water ecology to be replaced from the grass type lake to the algae type lake; the proliferation discharge amount is too small, so that the regulation and control effect on food chains and food net composition in the raw water body is increased, the low-nutrition-level biomass such as raw water body zooplankton, floating plants and the like cannot be reduced, and the effective biological treatment effect on the water ecology cannot be obtained; xenocypris, snails and mussels, which have too great proliferation and release: sediment disturbance is generated in the foraging or moving process, so that the water column is returned to a suspension state or released in the digestion process, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column is greatly increased, further, algae is promoted to obtain a large amount of nutrient substances to obtain a large amount of outbreaks, and excessive movement of the algae can also influence the root system and the like of aquatic plants in the raw water body to influence the normal growth of the aquatic plants, so that the algae outbreaks are easily generated due to large-amount proliferation and discharge increase; the proliferation and release flow is too small: the benthic fishes also have great promotion effect on the release of nutritive salts in sediments and the loosening of bottom mud, and the existence of the benthic fishes can greatly reduce the poor nutrition state of lakes, so that the water ecology is kept in a healthy state.
In the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecosystem of the shallow lake, the physicochemical indexes of the water body in the step (5) include nutritive salt level, pH, water temperature, water depth, dissolved oxygen, transparency, turbidity, conductivity, TDS, and phytoplankton and zooplankton indexes.
In the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecosystem of a shallow lake, the evaluation of the step (1) and the step (3) is performed by using an ecopath model, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can use other suitable methods for evaluation, and the invention is only illustrative of one possible technical solution.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the invention relates to a method for regulating and stably maintaining a shallow lake ecosystem, which adopts a proliferation and releasing method to introduce various organisms with different nutrition levels into the ecosystem to strengthen a weak substance circulation path in the lake ecosystem in the horizontal and vertical directions, the proliferation and releasing can enrich food chains in the ecosystem and promote the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem, and the regulation and control on the species (structure) and the quantity of phytoplankton in a primary producer, namely a water body can be realized by performing proliferation and releasing in the water body and implementing non-classical biological manipulation;
(2) the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecological system of the shallow lake recovers vegetation in a shallow water area and reconstructs the wetland to recover the low-nutrition plant system, wherein the vegetation in the shallow water area and the vegetation in the wetland are the most main primary producers in the lake, are the basis of the ecological system of the lake, can provide bioenergy for the ecological system of the lake and can also purify the water quality of the lake;
(3) according to the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecological system of the shallow lake, the water quality, the water environment parameters and the like of the lake are controlled within a certain balance range through mutual matching of the two means, and the ecological system is further optimized through regulation and control of the hydrological and hydrodynamic processes of the lake, namely, the ecological system of the shallow lake can be ensured to maintain dynamic balance for a long time through carrying out combined regulation and control on the water quality and the water quantity of the shallow lake (meanwhile, whether the means are effective or not can be detected, and dynamic regulation and control are carried out);
(4) the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecological system of the shallow lake can improve the ecological environment of the shallow lake and provide a good environment for people, can culture economic aquatic products in the lake, brings good economic benefits, provides a feasible scheme for ecological management of the shallow lake, and has great application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing chlorophyll a in an exemplary area and a comparative water area using the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing TP content of an exemplary region using the method of the present invention and a comparison water area.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of exemplary areas of application of the method of the invention on phytoplankton diversity.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of an exemplary region using the method of the present invention on fish diversity.
FIGS. 5 a-5 b are graphs showing the effect of exemplary regions of the method of the present invention on the diversity of large phytoplankton.
FIGS. 6 a-6 b are graphs showing the effect of exemplary regions using the method of the present invention on the diversity of benthic animals.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
The method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecosystem of a shallow lake, provided by the invention, is specifically described below by taking gehu lake as an example.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) evaluating the gehu lake by using an ecopath model to obtain the distribution of different nutrition levels, the strength of each nutrition level function and the biomass size of different functional groups in the ecosystem of the lake, and further analyzing and evaluating whether the lake is unbalanced in nutrition and the type and the influence of unbalanced factors, wherein the steps are as follows:
gehu lake 2010 ecosystem Ecopath model:
the function group is set as follows:
TABLE 1 Gehu ecosystem each functional group name and its containing species
Through the functional group setting, the calculation or estimation and input of biomass, production capacity/biomass (P/B coefficient), food intake/biomass coefficient (Q/B), non-assimilation biomass (GS), ecopath is operated after the model is balanced and debugged, a series of parameters on the ecosystem level can be obtained, such as food chain, nutrition level, flow mode of energy along the food chain and between the nutrition level, mixed nutrition effect, ecosystem recycling characteristic, overall characteristic and the like, and therefore the structural and functional status and imbalance factors of the lake ecosystem level are analyzed and evaluated;
inputting the data shown in table 1 into ecopath software, performing pre-operation and parameter adjustment, and finally inputting the parameters of the 2010 gehu ecosystem model as shown in table 2; the distribution of each functional group in different nutritional levels is shown in table 3; the conversion efficiency between the different nutritional grades is shown in table 4; ecosystem maturity is shown in table 5;
TABLE 2 gehu ecosystem final data input results
TABLE 3 distribution of each functional group of gehu ecosystem at different nutrition levels
TABLE 4 conversion efficiency between different nutritional grades
TABLE 5 gehu lake different-period ecosystem characteristic (ecosystem maturity) comparison
The ecopath models in the last 80 th and 2010 th are constructed and obtained through model analysis, and the average density of the gehu lake phytoplankton in 2010 is 1.06 multiplied by 108cell/L is in an extremely eutrophication state, so floating plants are in an overproof state, an ecophath model of an ecosystem shows that the density of the filter-feeding animal silver carp and bighead carp is very low, the control action on phytoplankton is very low, and an MTI (methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium) graph shows that the control action of mollusks on phytoplankton is almost negligible, so that the filter-feeding animal silver carp and bighead carp, mussel and other organisms need to be put into the ecological system of the lake to control the filter-feeding animal silver carp and the mussel. Too highThe outbreak of nitrogen, phosphorus and algae causes the coverage rate of aquatic plants to be reduced sharply, and the biomass of the aquatic plants is low, so that the food chain starting from the aquatic plants is weak. Thus, there is a need for remediation of aquatic plants;
(2) regulation and control of multi-nutritional level biological proliferation:
determining the positions of the nutritional levels of various unbalance factors according to the types of the unbalance factors, adopting a mark proliferation and releasing technology, namely marking proliferation and releasing ecological restoration tool species (filter-feeding fishes, filter-feeding mussels, detritus-feeding fishes and scrape-feeding snails), calculating the proportion of organisms of the functional group in proliferation and releasing, carrying out three-dimensional releasing, strengthening the circulation path of weak substances in an ecological system of a lake, and after the proliferation and releasing for a certain time, recapturing by a mark recapturing method, namely evaluating the removal rate of phytoplankton by the fish harvest amount of the filter-feeding fishes;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the operation parameters are as follows: silver carp and bighead carp biomass of 20.7g/m3The ratio is 2.51:1, the silver carp specification is 0.19-3.99 kg/tail, the bighead carp specification is 0.45-3.86 kg/tail, and the growth amount of the plaps is about 5.3kg/m3271-891 g/tail, and about 33.1g/m of snails3Mussels about 16.2g/m3；
Constructing a multi-nutrition-level biological control technology through a series of laboratory pilot tests, a fish-mussel-spirochete algae control and an in-situ enclosure test of the influence of the fish-mussel-spirochete algae control on water quality;
in the lake region of the Quhu Bei Hu (geh lake region) 14km3The water area carries out engineering demonstration, and the third-party monitoring result shows that the chlorophyll a removal rate is 62.0 percent, the total phosphorus loss rate is 27.4 percent, and the diversity of various groups of aquatic organisms is increased by 35.7 to 140.4 percent;
marking proliferation and releasing individuals in a certain proportion by adopting an internal standard (such as a metal wire code marking instrument) or an external standard and the like, simultaneously sampling to measure the body length and the weight of the proliferation and releasing individuals and the marked individuals, and performing recapture and fishery fishing amount investigation on the marked individuals after a period of time to measure the body length, the weight and the nitrogen and phosphorus content. Calculating the population quantity, the survival rate and the growth rate according to a mark recapture method, subtracting the cost of the proliferation and the release from the economic income of fishery capture to obtain the economic benefit of the proliferation and the release, multiplying the population quantity by the daily food intake of algae to obtain the daily food intake of the algae of the filter-feeding animals, multiplying the fishing amount by the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the captured species to obtain the removal amount of captured nitrogen and phosphorus, and converting the annual food intake of the algae and the removal amount of captured nitrogen and phosphorus into through-put to obtain the ecological benefit of the proliferation and the release;
marking the specification of released silver carp and bighead carp bleekers to be 50-250 g/tail, wherein the marking proportion is 5-10% of the number of proliferation released, soaking the marked fishes in 2% potassium permanganate solution for 2-5 min, starting to recapture after releasing the mark released in summer for 4 months, continuing to the next year and/or the 3 rd year, starting to recapture after releasing the mark released in winter for 8 months, continuing to the next year, and monitoring the recapture of the marked fishes by adopting a barbed net with an internal net of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 cm;
(3) recovering vegetation in the shallow water area and rebuilding the wetland:
investigating vegetation composition, distribution, biomass and types of the shallow water area and the wetland by using an ecopath model, determining a plant function group, evaluating a relatively weak function group in the plant function group, selecting a proper aquatic plant, reasonably dividing the shallow water area and the wetland into areas aiming at the deficiency and the insufficient quantity of the relatively weak function group in the plant function group, and reasonably planting different terrains;
(4) after a period of time, repeating the operations of steps (1), (2) and (3);
(5) performing combined regulation on the water quality and the water quantity of the shallow lake to be regulated:
detecting rainfall of the area where the lake is located, monitoring the replacement of the storage capacity of the lake, obtaining the characteristics of the water area, the nutrition unbalance condition and the composition of the aquatic organism community function group according to a hydrodynamic model, and periodically detecting and verifying physical and chemical indexes (nutrient level, pH, water temperature, water depth, dissolved oxygen, transparency, turbidity, conductivity, TDS, phytoplankton and zooplankton indexes) of the water body.
Step (5) is used for maintaining dynamic balance of a water ecosystem, wherein steps 1-4 are to control water quality, water environment parameters and the like to be within a certain balance range by utilizing various technical means, and step 5 is mainly used for detecting the effect of the step 1-4 after use; further optimization of a subsequent water ecosystem is guaranteed and paved;
in the method provided by the invention, the step (1) is to obtain the overview of the ecological system of the whole lake, the step (2) is to remove the algae in the water body through the combined effect among all the nutrition levels, further to reduce the concentration of N, P in the water body and improve the eutrophication condition of the water body, and as the biomass of the algae is reduced, the ecological niche of the algae is lost, so the variety and the density of aquatic plants are increased through the step (3), the loss of the ecological niche and the regulation and control on the concentration of N, P are supplemented, further the conversion from the algae-type lake to the grass-type lake are carried out, the step (5) is mainly to detect and control the input of N, P in the water body, and the step (3) is combined to jointly regulate and control.
After the method is adopted, the ecopath model is used for evaluating the gehu ecosystem again, the specific method is as shown in step (1), each function group of the ecosystem is obtained firstly, data is input into ecopath software, and after pre-operation and parameter adjustment, the parameters finally input into the 2015 gehu ecosystem model, the distribution of each function group in different nutrition levels, the conversion efficiency among different nutrition levels and the like are obtained, wherein the maturity of the ecosystem is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 comparison of ecosystem characteristics before and after gehu lake restoration
The results of continuous monitoring of an exemplary area using the method of the present invention are as follows.
FIG. 1 shows the chlorophyll a monitoring result of 7 months continuously, compared with the chlorophyll a of the comparison water area, the chlorophyll a of the demonstration area is obviously reduced, the removal rate is between 19.97% and 94.05%, and the average removal rate is 61.98%.
FIG. 2 shows continuous TP monitoring results for 7 months, the TP in the demonstration area is obviously lower than that in the comparison area, the removal rate is 15.4-61.7%, and the average removal rate is 27.39%.
FIGS. 3 a-6 b show the monitoring effect of demonstration area on the biodiversity effect, wherein FIGS. 3 a-3 b are the influence of floating plants, the phytoplankton colony population and Shannon biodiversity index in the demonstration area water area are higher than those in the comparison water area, the Shannon biodiversity index increase range is 23.8-135.9%, and the average is 79.85%; the increase amplitude of the species number is 10.3-61.1%, and the average is 35.7%; FIGS. 4 a-4 b show the effect on fish diversity, demonstrating that the colony count of engineered fish and Shannon biodiversity index are higher than those of the comparative water, and the Shannon diversity index increase is 36.94%; the species number increase was 42.95%; FIGS. 5 a-5 b show the effect on copepods diversity demonstrating that the population of the large engineered copepods and Shannon biodiversity index are higher than those in the control waters, the increase in Shannon diversity index is 58.4-222.4%, with an average of 140.4%; the increase range of the number of the species is 62.5-66.7%, and the average is 64.6%. FIGS. 6 a-6 b show that the zoobenthos population and Shannon biodiversity index in the engineering water area are higher than those in the comparative water area, the average Shannon diversity increase rate fluctuates between 37.1-88.5%, and the average value is 62.8%; the increase range of the number of the species is between 60.0 and 75.0 percent, and the average is 67.5 percent.
According to the method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecological system of the shallow lake, disclosed by the invention, a weak substance circulation path in the ecological system of the shallow lake is enhanced in the horizontal and vertical directions by introducing various organisms with different nutrition levels into the ecological system by adopting a proliferation and releasing method, the food chain in the ecological system can be enriched by the proliferation and releasing, the virtuous cycle of the ecological system is promoted, and the regulation and control on the type (structure) and the quantity of phytoplankton in a primary producer, namely a water body can be realized by carrying out proliferation and releasing in the water body and implementing non-classical biological control; recovering a low-nutrition-level plant system, wherein the vegetation in the shallow water area and the vegetation in the wetland are the most important primary producers in the lake, which are the basis of the lake ecosystem and can provide biological energy for the lake ecosystem and purify the water quality of the lake; the water quality, water environment parameters and the like of the lake are controlled within a certain balance range through the mutual cooperation of the two means, and the ecological system is further optimized through the regulation and control of the hydrological and hydrodynamic processes of the lake, namely, the ecological system of the shallow lake can be ensured to maintain dynamic balance for a long time through the combined regulation and control of the water quality and the water quantity of the shallow lake (whether the means works or not can be detected and dynamic regulation and control is carried out at the same time); the ecological environment of the shallow lake can be improved, a good environment is provided for people, economic aquatic products can be cultured in the lake, good economic benefits are brought, a feasible scheme is provided for ecological management of the shallow lake, and the application prospect is wide.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative and various changes or modifications may be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for regulating and stably maintaining a shallow lake ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) evaluating a shallow lake to be regulated, acquiring different nutrient level distribution, the function intensity of each nutrient level and the biomass size of different functional groups in an ecological system of the lake, and further analyzing and evaluating whether the lake is nutrient imbalance and the type and the influence of imbalance factors;
(2) regulation and control of multi-nutritional level biological proliferation:
determining the positions of the nutrition levels of various unbalance factors according to the types of the unbalance factors, and reinforcing weak substance circulation paths in the ecological system of the lake by adopting a proliferation and releasing technology;
(3) recovering vegetation in the shallow water area and rebuilding the wetland:
surveying vegetation composition, distribution, biomass and types of the shallow water area and the wetland, determining plant function groups, evaluating relatively weak function groups in the plant function groups, selecting appropriate aquatic plants, reasonably dividing the shallow water area and the wetland into areas according to the deficiency and the insufficient quantity of the relatively weak function groups in the plant function groups, and reasonably planting different terrains;
(4) after a period of time, repeating the operations of steps (1), (2) and (3);
(5) performing combined regulation on the water quality and the water quantity of the shallow lake to be regulated:
detecting rainfall of the area where the lake is located, monitoring the reservoir capacity replacement of the lake, obtaining water area characteristics, nutrition unbalance conditions and aquatic organism community functional group composition according to a hydrodynamic model, and periodically detecting and verifying physical and chemical indexes of the water body.
2. The method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecosystem of a shallow lake of claim 1, wherein the proliferation and releasing technology is a proliferation and releasing ecological restoration tool and calculates the proportion of the functional group organisms in the proliferation and releasing to perform three-dimensional releasing.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ecological restoration tool comprises filter feeding fishes, filter feeding mussels, clastic feeding fishes and scraper snails.
4. The method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecosystem of a shallow lake according to claim 3, wherein the ecological restoration tool species for propagation and releasing is marked, and after a certain time of propagation and releasing, the phytoplankton removal rate can be estimated by the amount of filter-feeding fish catches through mark recapture.
5. The method for regulating and stably maintaining ecosystem of shallow lake according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the proliferation and release technology comprises silver carp and bighead carp proliferation and release at 20-40 g/m3Wherein the number ratio of the silver carps to the bighead carps is 3: 7-4: 6; xenocypris bleeker 5-15 g/m3(ii) a Mussels 15-25 g/m3(ii) a 30-45 g/m of snails3。
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the physical and chemical indexes of the water body in step (5) include nutritive salt level, pH, water temperature, water depth, dissolved oxygen, transparency, turbidity, conductivity, TDS, and phytoplankton and zooplankton indexes.
7. The method for regulating and stably maintaining the ecosystem of a shallow lake of claim 1, wherein the evaluation in the steps (1) and (3) is performed by using an ecopath model.
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| CN111783305A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-16 | 厦门大学 | Water area ecosystem regulation and control method based on biological control |
| CN115524452A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-27 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | Hydrologic rhythm change-oriented lake wetland ecological restoration implementation effect evaluation method |
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| CN111422988B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-07-20 | 北京师范大学 | Method for restoring ecological systems of different functional areas by combining food net model and biological control technology |
| CN114409088A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 海南大学 | Eutrophic water body restoration design based on ecological system model and biological manipulation technology |
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| CN108793410A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-13 | 暨南大学 | A kind of eutrophic water body repairing method based on ecological models and biomanipulation |
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| CN115524452A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-27 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | Hydrologic rhythm change-oriented lake wetland ecological restoration implementation effect evaluation method |
| CN115524452B (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-02-02 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | Lake wetland ecological restoration implementation effect evaluation method oriented to hydrologic rhythm change |
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