CN112729919A - Open-pit mine area microorganism dynamic monitoring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in an open-pit mine area, which comprises the following steps: determining the coverage area of a monitoring sample plot and arranging a plurality of sample lines in the monitoring sample plot; wherein a strip mine area is located within the coverage area; selecting at least one sampling point on each sampling line, distributing sampling parties according to the positions of the sampling points, and selecting a plurality of sampling points in each sampling party; collecting a soil sample of each sampling point at each sampling moment, and obtaining microbial information in the soil sample; and arranging the microbial information of each sampling point according to the sequence of the sampling moments to obtain a microbial information monitoring result of each sampling point. According to the scheme, the sample line layout is simple, the sampling points are fewer, fewer soil samples are collected, the influence on the ecological environment of the grassland is less, and the long-term monitoring and sampling are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring of mining areas, and particularly relates to a dynamic monitoring method for microorganisms in an open-pit mining area.
Background
In the grassland ecosystem, the surface of the earth is stripped in the mining process of an open-air coal mining area, the original landform can be seriously damaged, the overground and underground hydrological conditions are changed, the vegetation coverage is reduced, the structure of a plant community is changed, the species richness is reduced, the community stability is reduced, the grassland plants around the mining area can grow badly, the plant diversity is reduced, and the soil is degraded. Soil microorganisms are a very important member of the ecosystem, are ties connecting soil and plants, and play an important role in various aspects of material circulation, energy flow and the like of the ecosystem. Soil microorganisms are sensitive to environmental changes, and the change of community structure and diversity can indicate the quality of soil to a certain extent. The activity of soil microorganisms can improve the physical and chemical properties and the soil quality of soil, promote the material circulation, improve the soil quality and maintain the stable balance of an ecological system.
The soil microorganisms have the important functions, so the soil microorganisms need to be monitored, soil samples need to be collected in the monitoring process, and then the detection result of the soil microorganisms in the open pit coal mine is obtained. For some open-pit mining areas, which belong to ecological fragile areas, are cold and arid, have shallow soil layers, are easy to disturb and slow to recover, and under the special condition, a large number of samples collected on the grassland can damage the ecology and the biological diversity of the grassland, including the damage of plant diversity and the damage of microbial diversity, so that the grassland is degraded. At present, the positioning and fixing method is adopted for sampling microbes around a mining area, a fixing point is made by using a timber pile or an iron wire net, the material prepared by the positioning point in the earlier stage is more, time and labor are wasted, the influence on the ecological environment is greater, the target is obvious, the damage caused by livestock, people or other factors is easily caused, and the long-term monitoring and sampling are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in an open-pit mine area, which aims to solve the technical problems that the microorganism detection mode in the open-pit mine area in the prior art has large influence on ecological environment, high cost and is not beneficial to long-term monitoring and sampling.
To this end, some embodiments of the present invention provide a method for dynamically monitoring microbes in a strip mine, comprising the steps of:
determining the coverage area of a monitoring sample plot and arranging a plurality of sample lines in the monitoring sample plot; wherein a strip mine area is located within the coverage area;
selecting at least one sampling point on each sampling line, distributing sampling parties according to the positions of the sampling points, and selecting a plurality of sampling points in each sampling party;
collecting a soil sample of each sampling point at each sampling moment, and obtaining microbial information in the soil sample;
and arranging the microbial information of each sampling point according to the sequence of the sampling moments to obtain a microbial information monitoring result of each sampling point.
Optionally, in the above method for dynamically monitoring microbes in a strip mine, the step of determining a coverage area of the monitoring sample plot and arranging a plurality of sample lines in the monitoring sample plot includes:
the distance between the boundary of the monitoring plot and the boundary of the strip mine area is less than or equal to a set distance.
Optionally, in the above method for dynamically monitoring microbes in a strip mine, the step of determining a coverage area of the monitoring sample plot and arranging a plurality of sample lines in the monitoring sample plot includes:
determining a dual-influence area and a mining area influence area which exist outside the outer boundary of the strip mining area, wherein the dual-influence area represents that the soil is subjected to dual influences of grazing and mining area mining;
and monitoring the boundary of a sample plot according to the change of the planted community in the dual-influence area and the mine area influence area, environmental information and the set distance.
Optionally, in the above method for dynamically monitoring microbes in a strip mine, the step of determining a coverage area of the monitoring sample plot and arranging a plurality of sample lines in the monitoring sample plot includes:
the sample lines are arranged at the boundary of the change of the vegetation group in the coverage area of the monitoring sample plot, and the distances between every two adjacent sample lines are the same.
Optionally, in the above method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in a strip mine, at least one sampling point is selected on each sampling line, and the step of laying out a sample according to the position of the sampling point includes:
a plurality of sampling points are selected on each sampling line, and the spacing distances between adjacent sampling points are the same;
and at the position of each sampling point, laying a sample square by taking the sampling point as a center, wherein the side length of the sample square is less than half of the spacing distance.
Optionally, in the method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in a strip mine, the step of selecting a plurality of sampling points on each sampling line, and the step of spacing the adjacent sampling points at the same distance further includes:
selecting two additional sampling points in a direction which passes through the sampling points and is perpendicular to the sampling line, wherein the two additional sampling points are positioned at two sides of the sampling line and have the same distance with the sampling line;
and laying out a sample party at the additional sample point.
Optionally, in the method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in a strip mine, the step of selecting a plurality of sampling points in each sample includes:
and determining the positions of the sampling points in each sample according to a five-point sampling method.
Optionally, in the above method for dynamically monitoring microbes in a strip mine, the soil sample at each sampling point is collected and the information of microbes in the soil sample is obtained as follows:
removing the surface soil on the sampling point;
taking rhizosphere soil of 0-10cm as the soil sample and putting the rhizosphere soil into a sampling tube;
placing the sampling pipe in an environment at-80 ℃ for a set time period to obtain a refrigerated soil sample;
and carrying out microbial detection on the refrigerated soil sample to obtain the microbial information.
Optionally, in the method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in an open-pit mine, the refrigerated soil sample is detected in a monitoring mode of high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms.
Optionally, the method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in a strip mine area further includes the following steps:
determining the position coordinates of each sampling point to determine the position of the sampling point on the electronic topographic map;
and (4) correlatively displaying the microorganism information monitoring results of each sampling point in an electronic topographic map.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in an open-pit mine area, which comprises the steps of arranging a plurality of sample lines in a monitoring sample plot, selecting at least one sample point on each sample line, arranging sample squares according to the positions of the sample points, selecting a plurality of sampling points in each sample square, collecting a soil sample of each sampling point at each sampling moment, obtaining microorganism information in the soil sample, and arranging the microorganism information of each sampling point according to the sequence of the sampling moments to obtain a microorganism information monitoring result of each sampling point. According to the scheme, the sample line layout is simple, the sampling points are fewer, fewer soil samples are collected, the influence on the ecological environment of the grassland is less, and the long-term monitoring and sampling are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for dynamically monitoring microbes in a strip mine area according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the microbial diversity patterns in the Hiller mine area, Baori, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the microbial diversity sampling of the Hiller Bay mine site according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or assembly referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.
In some embodiments, the present application provides a method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in a strip mine, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the coverage area of a monitoring sample plot and arranging a plurality of sample lines in the monitoring sample plot; wherein a strip mine area is located within the coverage area. In particular, the monitoring plots may be obtained in such a way that the distance between their boundaries and the boundaries of the strip mine area is less than or equal to a set distance, which may be 1.5-5Km, for example 2 Km. There is a dual area of influence around the strip mine and a mine area of influence, where the dual area of influence represents the soil being dually affected by grazing and mine mining, and the mine area of influence refers to an area affected only by mine mining. And after determining a double-influence area and a mining area influence area which exist outside the outer boundary of the strip mining area, monitoring the boundary of a sample plot according to the change of the planted community, the environmental information and the set distance between the double-influence area and the mining area influence area. Wherein, the monitoring sample plot selects representative grassland, such as grazing area and grazing-free area, the environmental information includes surrounding buildings, road layout conditions and the like, thereby determining the boundary of the monitoring sample plot. Preferably, the sample lines are arranged at a boundary where a vegetation population in the coverage area of the monitoring sample plot changes, and the distance between every two adjacent sample lines is the same. The method can be realized in the following way: preparing GPS equipment capable of measuring distance, fixing a point at a position where a vegetation community changes, fixing the GPS equipment to the fixed point position, storing information at the fixed point inside the GPS by the GPS, directly reporting the information at the fixed point to an upper computer by taking the information as a boundary, sequentially increasing the distances between different fixed points and an open mine area by a plurality of fixed points, and selecting the distances to be integral multiples of 100 m. The central point of the sample line is positioned by using the GPS, the layout information of the sample line is stored, the environment of the grassland area is not influenced, and the system can be used for long-term monitoring.
Step two: at least one sampling point is selected on each sampling line, sampling parties are arranged according to the positions of the sampling points, and a plurality of sampling points are selected in each sampling party. Specifically, the number of the sampling points selected on each sampling line is multiple, and the spacing distances between adjacent sampling points are the same; and at the position of each sampling point, laying a sample square by taking the sampling point as a center, wherein the side length of the sample square is less than half of the spacing distance. For example, if the distance between two adjacent samples is 5m, the side length of the sample is less than 2.5m, and the samples corresponding to two adjacent samples will not interfere with each other. Compared with the scheme in the prior art, the number of the sampling points is greatly reduced, the position of each sampling point is preferably determined in each sample according to a five-point sampling method, namely only five sampling points are taken in one sample, and the number of the sampling points is further reduced, so that the destructiveness to the grassland is reduced. Further, still include: selecting two additional sampling points in a direction which passes through the sampling points and is perpendicular to the sampling line, wherein the two additional sampling points are positioned at two sides of the sampling line and have the same distance with the sampling line; and laying out a sample party at the additional sample point. Namely, two positions are symmetrically selected on two sides of the sample line to set the sample.
Step three: collecting a soil sample of each sampling point at each sampling moment, and obtaining microbial information in the soil sample; specifically, it can be realized by: removing the surface soil on the sampling point; taking rhizosphere soil of 0-10cm as the soil sample and putting the rhizosphere soil into a sampling tube; placing the sampling pipe in an environment at-80 ℃ for a set time period to obtain a refrigerated soil sample; and carrying out microbial detection on the refrigerated soil sample to obtain the microbial information. Because the microorganisms in the strip mine area are monitored for a long time, a plurality of sampling moments are set in a set monitoring period to perform a plurality of times of sampling. Wherein, the refrigerated soil sample can be detected by adopting a monitoring mode of microbial high-throughput sequencing.
Step four: and arranging the microbial information of each sampling point according to the sequence of the sampling moments to obtain a microbial information monitoring result of each sampling point. Therefore, the dynamic change of the microorganism information of each sampling point in a longer monitoring period can be obtained, and the monitoring result of the biological diversity is completed.
In the above scheme of this embodiment, the layout of the sample lines is simple, the central point of the sample lines can be located by using the GPS, the layout information of the sample lines is stored in the instrument, the environment of the place cannot be affected, and the device can be used for long-term monitoring. And moreover, a five-point sampling method is used instead of S-shaped sampling when the sampling points are selected, so that the damage to the grassland ecological system is small.
Further, the method for dynamically monitoring the microorganisms in the strip mine area in the scheme can further comprise the following steps: determining the position coordinates of each sampling point to determine the position of the sampling point on the electronic topographic map; and (4) correlatively displaying the microorganism information monitoring results of each sampling point in an electronic topographic map.
The electronic map may be a design construction map of the time the strip mine is being constructed, which records the geographical coordinates of the various locations of the environment in which the strip mine is located, as well as environmental information, such as whether roads are involved, whether signal towers are involved, etc. After the geographical position coordinates of each sampling point are determined by positioning equipment such as a GPS and the like, the corresponding position of each sampling point on the electronic topographic map is displayed, and then the microorganism information monitoring result can be displayed in a relevant manner, for example, when the sampling point is clicked, a curve capable of displaying the microorganism information change rule of the sampling point can be brought out.
The above-described scheme of the present embodiment will be described in detail below by taking as an example the application of the scheme to a trenbeckia opencut site.
The Baori Sheer open-pit mining area is located in the Renbell high-plain typical grassland, the Renbell grassland is one of the important components of the European Asia continental grassland, is the most complete high-latitude typical grassland stored in China at present, and is also an important ecological system protection barrier in northern Xinjiang in China. The Herenbeil grassland is a natural pasture germplasm resource bank and is known as a world famous natural pasture. The wild plant resources are quite rich, and the number of the wild plants is 1400, and the number of the wild plants with economic value is more than 500, and the wild plants mainly comprise wild medicinal plants, wild economic plants, wild oil plants, wild fiber plants, wild starch plants, wild edible plants, wild fruit plants and the like. The area not only has various vegetation types, but also has quite rich plant types, and is an important stock farming production base in China. The method for carrying out microorganism monitoring on the Renbergen comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) determining the diversity sample line of the microorganisms in the Renbeile grassland area where the Baori Sheller strip mine is located for a long time.
1.1: the method is characterized in that a representative grassland within 2Km around a Tamarie strip mine area is selected as a monitoring sample area, such as a grazing area and an undiluted area.
1.2: and determining the distance of the layout sample lines. Firstly, fixing points at positions where vegetation communities change, setting the closest point to a mining area and the farther point from a research mining area by taking the fixed points as a boundary, wherein the distance is an integral multiple of 100 m.
1.3: and preparing a device with positioning and ranging functions for positioning the fixed point in the step 1.2. The UnistrongGPS and Jisibao GPS positioning instruments and the like can be selected, the method is very suitable for acquiring data without complex attribute requirements, has powerful data application and navigation functions, and can acquire the spatial position of a coordinate.
2. Soil sample collection for determining microbial diversity around baori schiller open-pit mines.
2.1: as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a sampling line is obtained by using the fixed point selected in step 1.2 as a central point, at least three sampling points are arranged on the sampling line, for each sampling point, one sampling point is selected from two sides of the sampling point in a direction perpendicular to the sampling line, the distance between the sampling point on two sides and the sampling point on the sampling line is 10 meters, that is, 3 sampling directions of 1m × 1m are arranged at intervals of 10 meters, a soil sample is collected in each sampling direction according to a five-point sampling method, that is, five points in total are added to four corner points in a square sampling direction of 1m × 1m as sampling points by the five-point sampling method.
2.2: and when each sampling point is sampled, removing surface soil and then sampling, putting 0-10cm of rhizosphere soil into a 10ml centrifugal tube which is wiped by 75% alcohol, putting the centrifugal tube into an ice box, and storing the centrifugal tube in an environment at-80 ℃ for microbial high-throughput sequencing.
2.3: and recording the sampling time, the geographic coordinates of the sampling points and the correlation of the results of the microbial high-throughput sequencing, and then performing correlation display on the electronic topographic map.
The microbial diversity monitoring and sampling method is invented particularly for the region because the grassland in the Renbell grassland is frequently grazed, so that the damage of livestock and human factors to the microbial diversity monitoring sample prescription is reduced, and the biological diversity of the region is protected.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in an open-pit mine area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the coverage area of a monitoring sample plot and arranging a plurality of sample lines in the monitoring sample plot; wherein a strip mine area is located within the coverage area;
selecting at least one sampling point on each sampling line, distributing sampling parties according to the positions of the sampling points, and selecting a plurality of sampling points in each sampling party;
collecting a soil sample of each sampling point at each sampling moment, and obtaining microbial information in the soil sample;
and arranging the microbial information of each sampling point according to the sequence of the sampling moments to obtain a microbial information monitoring result of each sampling point.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the method comprises the following steps of determining the coverage area of a monitoring sample plot and arranging a plurality of sample lines in the monitoring sample plot:
the distance between the boundary of the monitoring plot and the boundary of the strip mine area is less than or equal to a set distance.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining the coverage area of the monitoring pattern and arranging a plurality of patterns within the monitoring pattern includes:
determining a dual-influence area and a mining area influence area which exist outside the outer boundary of the strip mining area, wherein the dual-influence area represents that the soil is subjected to dual influences of grazing and mining area mining;
and monitoring the boundary of a sample plot according to the change of the planted community in the dual-influence area and the mine area influence area, environmental information and the set distance.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of determining the coverage area of the monitoring pattern and arranging a plurality of patterns within the monitoring pattern comprises:
the sample lines are arranged at the boundary of the change of the vegetation group in the coverage area of the monitoring sample plot, and the distances between every two adjacent sample lines are the same.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one spot is selected on each sample line, and the step of laying out a pattern according to the location of the spot comprises:
a plurality of sampling points are selected on each sampling line, and the spacing distances between adjacent sampling points are the same;
and at the position of each sampling point, laying a sample square by taking the sampling point as a center, wherein the side length of the sample square is less than half of the spacing distance.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the plurality of spots are selected for each sample line, and wherein the steps of spacing the spots at the same distance from each other further comprise:
selecting two additional sampling points in a direction which passes through the sampling points and is perpendicular to the sampling line, wherein the two additional sampling points are positioned at two sides of the sampling line and have the same distance with the sampling line;
and laying out a sample party at the additional sample point.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of selecting a plurality of sampling points within each square comprises:
and determining the positions of the sampling points in each sample according to a five-point sampling method.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the soil samples are collected at each sampling point and microbiological information is obtained from the soil samples by:
removing the surface soil on the sampling point;
taking rhizosphere soil of 0-10cm as the soil sample and putting the rhizosphere soil into a sampling tube;
placing the sampling pipe in an environment at-80 ℃ for a set time period to obtain a refrigerated soil sample;
and carrying out microbial detection on the refrigerated soil sample to obtain the microbial information.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises:
and detecting the refrigerated soil sample by adopting a monitoring mode of microbial high-throughput sequencing.
10. The method for dynamically monitoring microorganisms in a strip mine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising the steps of:
determining the position coordinates of each sampling point to determine the position of the sampling point on the electronic topographic map;
and (4) correlatively displaying the microorganism information monitoring results of each sampling point in an electronic topographic map.
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| CN117110545A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-11-24 | 云南大学 | Method for field evaluation of restoration capability of abandoned land native plants in metal mining area and application |
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