CN103588529B - Fertilizer for tea trees and water and fertilizer application method for tee trees - Google Patents
Fertilizer for tea trees and water and fertilizer application method for tee trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer for tea trees and a water and fertilizer application method for the tee trees. The water and fertilizer application method combines constant-value irrigation with optimized fertilization and provides a scientific technology for tea growers on an aspect of water and fertilizer management. Compared with the conventional water and fertilizer management, after being used, the water and fertilizer management technology has the advantages that more water, time and labor are saved, and the yield and quality of fresh tea leaves are greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tea tree planting field, be specifically related to a kind of tea tree fertilizer and tea tree liquid manure application process.
Background technology
Current tea products becomes more diverse, and market competition is also more and more fierce, and the focus of competition is quality and yield.Soil liquid manure condition can be described as the basic influence factor of tea yield and quality, suitable water supply is the condition promoting that tea tree nutrient plays one's part to the full, nutrient also can ensure that in tea tree body, moisture plays one's part to the full from many aspects, fertilising can promote tea root to grow and hydrospace is looked in expansion, tea yield is made to increase with tea root and rise, can also improve efficiency of water application, therefore improving water and fertilizer condition is the basis of improving tea leaf quality.But the Tea Industry starting basis in evening in many areas is poor, subject matter is embodied in tea place and cultivates and manage and protect difference, and tea grower's mode of production is rough causes that fresh leaf-making quantity is low, poor quality.Most tea growers lack the liquid manure foundation of science, and result in the way of some blindnesses: aspect of 1, pouring water, or do not pour water, the words of pouring water are Shortcomings or excessive problem again; 2. fertilising aspect, also exists and does not apply fertilizer or use not enough and excessive problem, and use unbalanced to several main fertilising, especially pay little attention to fertilizer, even has and directly uses Animal fecal pollution and do not have the organic materials through harmless treatment of becoming thoroughly decomposed fertile.These ways directly cause the reduction of tea yield and quality, also can cause certain pollution to soil and environment.At present, mostly the report in tea tree liquid manure is separately to water, fertile research, and few to the research of tea tree water and fertilization conditions, also fewer to the utilization ratio of moisture about fertilizer.Many tea places have problems in Cultivate administration liquid manure, these problems then can cause tea yield and quality can not improve, not only waste water, fertile, simultaneously also along with problems such as soil erosion, soil compaction, nutrient disappearances, fertilizer adopts and improperly also can cause soil pollution.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of tea tree fertilizer and tea tree liquid manure application process, this fertilizer formula and liquid manure application process scientific and reasonable, overcoming prior art liquid manure uses the unreasonable tea leaf quality caused not high, and the problems such as soil pollution, can obtain the tealeaves of high-quality.
Tea tree fertilizer of the present invention, comprises fertilizer and chemical fertilizer:
Described fertilizer is the cassava stem stalk as fertilizer co-grinding after manioc waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, and its amount of application is 320-450kg/hm
2;
Described chemical fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer mixture, and amount of application is: urea 250-350kg/hm
2, P
2o
560-80kg/hm
2, K
2o 150-250kg/hm
2.
The preferred amount of application of described fertilizer is 400kg/hm
2.
The preferred amount of application of described chemical fertilizer is: urea 300kg/hm
2, P
2o
570kg/hm
2, K
2o 200kg/hm
2.
Tea tree liquid manure application process of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
The soil moisture content of soil layer within A, the periodic detection 40cm degree of depth, after within the 40cm degree of depth, the soil relative water content mean value of soil layer drops to 65-75%, ground drip irrigation method is adopted to irrigate, the data definite value that irrigation volume calculates according to depth of wetted soil is irrigated, and within the control 40cm degree of depth, soil layer soil relative water content mean value is 87-92%;
B, collocation fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application, described fertilizer is the cassava stem stalk as fertilizer co-grinding after manioc waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, and its amount of application is 320-450kg/hm
2; Described chemical fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer mixture, and amount of application is: urea 250-350kg/hm
2, P
2o
560-80kg/hm
2, K
2o 150-250kg/hm
2;
C, fertilizing method: dig fertilising hole apart from every strain tea tree 25-35cm place, degree of depth 18-25cm; The last ten-days period in December use whole fertilizers in fertilising hole; Last ten-days period January in the coming year execute the n p k fertilizer of yearly plan amount 58-65% as base manure, impose in fertilising hole; April, June, August, the last ten-days period in October topdress, and be transported within fertilising hole, execute the azophoska of yearly plan amount 9-12% every month after taking dissolving by drip irrigation pipe.
In described steps A preferably: after within the 40cm degree of depth, the soil relative water content mean value of soil layer drops to 70%, ground drip irrigation method is adopted to irrigate, the data definite value that irrigation volume calculates according to depth of wetted soil is irrigated, and within the control 40cm degree of depth, soil layer soil relative water content mean value is 90%.
In described step B preferably: organic manure application rate is 400kg/hm
2, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is: urea 300kg/hm
2, P
2o
570kg/hm
2, K
2o 200kg/hm
2.
In described step C, preferred fertilizing method is: dig fertilising hole apart from every strain tea tree 30cm place, the degree of depth is 20cm; The last ten-days period in December use whole fertilizers in fertilising hole; Last ten-days period January in the coming year execute the n p k fertilizer of yearly plan amount 60% as base manure, impose in fertilising hole; April, June, August, the last ten-days period in October topdress, and be transported within fertilising hole, execute the azophoska of yearly plan amount 10% every month after taking dissolving by drip irrigation pipe.
Present invention also offers manioc waste become thoroughly decomposed after the cassava stem stalk of co-grinding as the application of fertilizer in tea tree fertilizer.After manioc waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, the cassava stem stalk of co-grinding is applied to tea tree planting as fertilizer, is an innovation of contriver, and this fertilizer has good effect for lifting tea leaf quality.
In foregoing invention content, within the 40cm degree of depth, the soil water-containing quantity measuring method of soil layer is: soil moisture content represents with (volume %).What first range estimation soil was shown does wet degree, estimates to do a rough detection, if just utilize PR2/4 moisture of soil profile determinator Accurate Determining close to lower value with Handheld soil soil moisture measure again close to when irrigation low limit value.Embedding sensor sleeve is fixed in advance the tea tree that will monitor, then each need be inserted sensor heads, PR2/4 detecting head there are 4 sensor locations in 10cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, can directly read soil layer (from table and in) degree of depth 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm soil moisture content (volume %), from determinator dial plate reading of data, get the mean value of four readings.
The method of calculation of irrigation volume and formula are:
1. water layer thickness (mm)=soil thickness (mm) × soil moisture content (volume %)
2. irrigation quantity M represents; Soil thickness H represents; Soil moisture content (volume %) represents with W.
3.M=HW,W=（W2-W1），
4. therefore have M=H(W2-W1), W2 is target soil relative water content (higher limit), W1 be real-time monitored to soil relative water content (threshold value of pouring water), W1 directly can read from PR2/4 moisture of soil profile determinator does not need conversion to use.
Such as: lower limit is 70%, and the upper limit is 90%, and soil thickness is 40mm, therefore has:
M=40 × (90%-70%)=8mm, namely pour water in unit surface (m2) 8mm;
Every mu of irrigation quantity M=667 × 0.008=5.336t.
Tea tree fertilizer of the present invention and tea tree liquid manure application process, its advantage is:
1, contriver is after a large amount of research work, find that the cassava stem stalk as fertilizer co-grinding after becoming thoroughly decomposed using manioc waste can improve tea garden soil physicochemical character, strengthen the activity of soil water-retaining, fertilizer-preserving ability and the various soil microorganisms of promotion, more can promote that tea root is grown after using traditional fertilizer collocation fertilizer, expand tea root and look for hydrospace, make tea yield increase with root system and rise.And, contriver determines the Rational Application amount of fertilizer, and based on this determined with the use of fertilizer amount, such cooperation can also improve irrigation efficiency of water application, under this liquid manure interacts interactional coupling effect, more easily impel tealeaves high yield of fine quality.
2, tea tree liquid manure application process of the present invention can play water-saving result to greatest extent, makes tea root keep a suitable moisture environment, so advantageously in the ability improving tea root and absorb and utilize nutrient, improves soil nutrient utilization ratio.
3, after using this liquid manure technology, compared with the control, fresh tea leaf output increased 100.4%, young sprout number raising 56.6%, tea-polyphenol raising 30.6%, trimethyl-xanthine raising 19.1%, amino acid raising 43.5%, protein raising 51.1%, factor of merit value raising 36.0%.
4, this liquid manure technology is more time saving and energy saving than conventional water and fertilizer management, and does not need artificial all-the-way tracking to operate.The manioc waste fertilizer not only safety and environmental protection that the present invention adopts, goes back the dominant crop waste resource that Appropriate application is local, significant to developing a circular economy like this.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The lower output of the different liquid manure combination of Fig. 1 and young sprout number compare;
The lower yield and quality coefficients comparison of the different liquid manure combination of Fig. 2;
The lower young sprout number of the different liquid manure combination of Fig. 3 and factor of merit ratio.
Embodiment
Implement place and be located at Tea Industry garden, Luzhai County, Liuzhou city, Guangxi province, soil is yellow earth, quality is sticky heavy, on in fertility, soil physico-chemical property is as follows: organic 24.3g/kg, full nitrogen 1.27g/kg, full phosphorus 0.18g/kg, full potassium 1.14g/kg, available phosphorus 0.761mg/kg, available potassium 106mg/kg, 1m soil layer volume-weighted average are 1.41g/cm
2, field capacity is 0.20cm
3/ cm
3.Implement field and be provided with drip irrigation system, adopt the internally-inlaid drip irrigation line of gravitational drip irrigation system design, dripper spacing 80cm, capillary pipe spacing 100cm (often row tea tree lays 1 hollow billet), hollow billet length is 30m, and each enforcement community is provided with an independent water meter and calculates the water yield.Implementing kind is green No. one of osmanthus, and the age of tree is 8 years.
Embodiment 1
Definite value is poured water: after within the 40cm degree of depth, the soil relative water content mean value of soil layer drops to 65%, adopting ground drip irrigation method to irrigate soil layer soil relative water content mean value to the 40cm degree of depth is 87%, the data definite value that each irrigation volume calculates according to depth of wetted soil is irrigated, and drip irrigation speed control is not forming obvious runoff for degree with earth's surface.
Optimum: fertilizer collocation chemical fertilizer, fertilizer is the cassava stem stalk of co-grinding after manioc waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, and amount of application is 320kg/hm
2, traditional fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer mixture, and amount of application is: urea 250kg/hm
2, P
2o
560kg/hm
2, K
2o 150kg/hm
2.
Fertilizing method: dig fertilising hole apart from every strain tea tree 25cm place, degree of depth 18cm, the last ten-days period in December use sufficient fertilizer in fertilising hole, last ten-days period January in the coming year execute the n p k fertilizer of yearly plan amount 58% as base manure, April, June, August, the last ten-days period in October are transported to tea tree root by drip irrigation pipe after topdressing and taking dissolving, execute the azophoska of yearly plan amount 9% every month.Fertilizer, base manure, topdressing imposes within fertile hole, and drip irrigation tube emitter is arranged on top, fertilising hole.The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 embodiment 1 result
Embodiment 2
Definite value is poured water: after within the 40cm degree of depth, the soil relative water content mean value of soil layer drops to 70%, adopting ground drip irrigation method to irrigate soil layer soil relative water content mean value to the 40cm degree of depth is 90%, the data definite value that each irrigation volume calculates according to depth of wetted soil is irrigated, and drip irrigation speed control is not forming obvious runoff for degree with earth's surface.
Optimum: fertilizer collocation chemical fertilizer, fertilizer is the cassava stem stalk of co-grinding after manioc waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, and amount of application is 400kg/hm
2, traditional fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer mixture, and amount of application is: urea 300kg/hm
2, P
2o
570kg/hm
2, K
2o 200kg/hm
2.
Fertilizing method: dig fertilising hole apart from every strain tea tree 30cm place, degree of depth 20cm, the last ten-days period in December use sufficient fertilizer in fertilising hole, last ten-days period January in the coming year execute the n p k fertilizer of yearly plan amount 60% as base manure, April, June, August, the last ten-days period in October are transported to tea tree root by drip irrigation pipe after topdressing and taking dissolving, execute the azophoska of yearly plan amount 10% every month.Fertilizer, base manure, topdressing imposes within fertile hole, and drip irrigation tube emitter is arranged on top, fertilising hole.The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 embodiment 2 result
Embodiment 3
Definite value is poured water: after within the 40cm degree of depth, the soil relative water content mean value of soil layer drops to 75%, adopting ground drip irrigation method to irrigate soil layer soil relative water content mean value to the 40cm degree of depth is 92%, the data definite value that each irrigation volume calculates according to depth of wetted soil is irrigated, and drip irrigation speed control is not forming obvious runoff for degree with earth's surface.
Optimum: fertilizer collocation chemical fertilizer, fertilizer is the cassava stem stalk as fertilizer co-grinding after manioc waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, and amount of application is 450kg/hm
2, traditional fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer mixture, and amount of application is: urea 350kg/hm
2, P
2o
580kg/hm
2, K
2o 250kg/hm
2.
Fertilizing method: dig fertilising hole apart from every strain tea tree 35cm place, degree of depth 25cm, the last ten-days period in December use sufficient fertilizer in fertilising hole, last ten-days period January in the coming year execute the n p k fertilizer of yearly plan amount 65% as base manure, April, June, August, the last ten-days period in October are transported to tea tree root by drip irrigation pipe after topdressing and taking dissolving, execute the azophoska of yearly plan amount 12% every month.Fertilizer, base manure, topdressing imposes within fertile hole, and drip irrigation tube emitter is arranged on top, fertilising hole.The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 embodiment 3 result
Embodiment 4
Prior art and implementation result of the present invention are contrasted, the results are shown in Table 4:
Prior art 1: not organic fertilizer, only to fertilize, rate of fertilizer application is identical with embodiment 2, i.e. urea 300kg/hm
2, P
2o
570kg/hm
2, K
2o 200kg/hm
2.Fertilizing method and irrigation method are also identical with embodiment 2.
Prior art 2: fertilizer is identical with embodiment 3 with using method with the amount of application of chemical fertilizer, irrigation method adopts sprinkling irrigation, in tea place, fixedly mount 360 degree of rotary nozzles, and range estimation antecedent soil moisture degree is to implement to pour water.
Prior art 3: not organic fertilizer, only uses tea tree formula chemical fertilizer (N:P
2o
5: K
2o=1:0.33:0.33).Rate of fertilizer application is annual 350kg/hm
2, fertilizing method: annual 4,8, mid or late October by etc. quality divide and apply fertilizer for 3 times.Irrigation method adopts sprinkling irrigation, in tea place, fixedly mount 360 degree of rotary nozzles, and range estimation antecedent soil moisture degree is to implement to pour water.
Table 4 prior art and implementation result of the present invention contrast
Experimental example 1
1 materials and methods
1.1 test site overviews
Test site is arranged in Tea Industry garden, Luzhai County, Liuzhou city, Guangxi province, be positioned at 109 ° of 39 ' E, 24 ° of 33 ' N, test soil is yellow earth, quality is sticky heavy, on in fertility, soil physico-chemical property is as follows: organic 24.3g/kg, full nitrogen 1.27g/kg, full phosphorus 0.18g/kg, full potassium 1.14g/kg, available phosphorus 0.761mg/kg, available potassium 106mg/kg, 1m soil layer volume-weighted average are 1.41g/cm
2, field capacity is 0.20cm
3/ cm
3.Experimental plot is provided with drip irrigation system, adopt the internally-inlaid drip irrigation line of gravitational drip irrigation system design, dripper spacing 80cm, fertilising hole is dug apart from every strain tea tree 30cm place, the degree of depth is 20cm, and water dropper faces fertilising hole, capillary pipe spacing 100cm (often row tea tree lays 1 hollow billet), hollow billet length is 30m, and each experimental plot is provided with an independent water meter and calculates the water yield.Tea place area more than 800 mu, test zone is divided into 10 experimental plots (9 process, a contrast), and the area of each community is 66.7m
2, the total area is 667m
2.
1.2 test method
Test experimental cultivar elects green No. one of osmanthus as, and the age of tree is 8 years, and rate of fertilizer application and irrigation low limit establish 4 factors, every factor 3 level, A (urea), B(P
2o
5), C (K
2o), D(irrigation low limit), each level in table 5, adopt L
9(3)
4orthogonal table arrangement is tested, and random district, field group arranges, and repeats for 4 times, a blank (CK).Disposablely use sufficient fertilizer, its excess-three seed manure first plays tricks with base manure and draws 60% of total amount, is then selected in by the end of April with fertilizing type, respectively plays tricks by the end of June, by the end of August, by the end of October and draw 10% of total amount.When soil moisture content is irrigated lower than during every horizontal lower value, namely when the moistening degree of soil layer within the 40cm degree of depth field capacity mean value lower than this numerical value after, then irrigate about 90% to field capacity, irrigate according to the data definite value that depth of wetted soil calculates, irrigation method is ground drip irrigation method, and drip irrigation speed control is not forming obvious runoff for degree with earth's surface.
The each factor level of table 5
Note: the unit of fertilizer is: kg/hm
2.
1.3 measuring method
Soil moisture content adopts PR2/4 moisture of soil profile determinator and HR-33T dew point water potential meter, Handheld soil soil moisture measure cooperative determining.Field is adopted to survey the tatol evapotranspiration (crop water requirement) of method mensuration crop, namely the tatol evapotranspiration (ground evaporation between plants) by measuring soil moisture content and soil measures the tatol evapotranspiration of crop, thus understands the demand rule to moisture in growth of tea plant process by test.
Quality evaluation is main chemically to be measured: polyphenol content measures and adopts standard GB/T/T8312-2008 detection method, caffeine content measures the detection method adopting standard GB/T/T8312-2002, aminoacids content adopts high effective liquid chromatography for measuring, protein content adopt Coomassie Brilliant Blue measure, then be aided with color, smell and taste repeatedly sense organ repeat evaluation.
2 interpretations of result
2.1 impacts of different liquid manure combinations on tea yield: the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 tea yield, young sprout quantity and tea leaf quality chemical measurements
By showing the otherness Treatment Analysis of fresh tea leaf yield result, there is pole significant difference between process, the output of contrast is starkly lower than the output of all process, and that in all process, output is the highest is A
3b
1c
3d
2with A
2b
1c
2d
3, this otherness is between the two remarkable, but pole is significantly higher than other process, process A
1b
3c
3d
3, A
2b
2c
3d
1, A
3b
2c
1d
3between the poor opposite sex also remarkable, but be significantly higher than the several low yield process of residue.The result display that this test draws, (the A that output is higher
3b
1c
3d
2) and process (A
2b
1c
2d
3) nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moisture are all above the average in these two combinations, and the phosphate fertilizer in these two combinations is lower level, so the liquid manure combination being most suitable for high yield is " high nitrogen+high potassium+low-phosphorous+middle water ".The tea yield that tea tree is corresponding under different liquid manure combined horizontal is the obvious property of there are differences, therefore, and only guarantee tealeaves high yield under moderate liquid manure combined horizontal.
2.2 impacts of different liquid manure combinations on And Development of Tea Shoot quantity
By the statistics (see accompanying drawing 1 curve) to And Development of Tea Shoot, result shows that young sprout number is corresponding with output substantially, and be that young sprout fecund amount is just high substantially, the process that young sprout number is first four is A
3b
1c
3d
2, A
2b
1c
2d
3, A
2b
2c
3d
1, A
3b
2c
1d
3, their output is also come front four, A
3b
1c
3d
2young sprout number is maximum, and the output of its correspondence is also the highest.A
3b
2c
1d
3output only rank the 4th, but its young sprout number is but than the A that output ranked third
2b
2c
3d
1also high, A
2b
1c
2d
3with A
3b
2c
1d
3nitrogen, the potassium combination of two process are only medium levels, but their young sprout but shows high quantity, such conclusion can be drawn: affecting tealeaves young sprout quantity is not caused by single factors by table 2, but by the interactional common results of several principal element, when phosphorus gets low-level, nitrogen, potassium, water Three factors get above the average being conducive to simultaneously increases young sprout quantity, and best liquid manure combination is " high nitrogen+high potassium+low-phosphorous+middle water ".When nitrogen, potash fertilizer are in liberal supply, tea tree physiological activity is strengthened, and nourishes and grows vigorous, facilitates tea shoot and sprouts and new shoot elongation, add that sufficient moisture participates in the whole process of tea tree dietetic alimentation, illustrate that suitable soil water content not only increases tea root and absorbs nutrient ability thus, also improve the utilization ratio of soil nutrient, biomass increases, transpiration rate also can strengthen thereupon, this just needs more water replenishment, so formed with fertile water transfer, urgees fertile mutual effect with water.Therefore, rational liquid manure combination is the key point improving And Development of Tea Shoot quantity.
2.3 impacts of different liquid manure combinations on tea leaf quality
Quality evaluation mainly chemically measure, then be aided with color repeatedly sense organ repeat evaluate.By changing the Fruiting coefficient of chemical gauging, choose tea-polyphenol, trimethyl-xanthine, amino acid, these four quality factors of protein.Factor of merit gets like this: take the value of each factor of process will obtain a ratio divided by the value that CK is corresponding, finally the value of four factors is added and just obtains factor of merit value.By the observation to accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3, show that the factor of merit value of each process and its output have certain contacting, the output of the process correspondence that factor of merit value is high is also generally high level, A
3b
1c
3d
2the yield values of this process is the highest, and the factor of merit value of its correspondence is also the highest.But the factor of merit value of the process correspondence that output is high is also not necessarily large, A
2b
1c
2d
3yield values be in the second, but its factor of merit value is but lower than A
1b
3c
3d
3with A
2b
2c
3d
1, just list the 4th.By observing several process of factor of merit value row front four, find that these K Amounts processed are all at middle high level, this illustrates that enough potash fertilizer is comparatively large on tea leaf quality impact, and nitrogen, Phosphorus fertilizer usage height differs, and being not enough to affects size on tea leaf quality both weighing.Affecting tea leaf quality is not caused by single factors yet, but by the interactional common results of several principal element, under suitable moisture condition, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three are with the use of the Synthesis that improve various enzyme in tealeaves, both can improve the content of tea flavoured egg white matter, trimethyl-xanthine and tea-polyphenol, the raising of tea leaf quality can have been promoted again.A
2b
1c
2d
3with A
1b
3c
3d
3show high-quality, illustrate that the collocation of rational moisture is the key of output high grade tea.A
2b
2c
3d
1output be not the highest, but quality better, as long as there is sufficient nutrient also can output high grade tea under low water condition is described, just can not reach high yield object.Sensory's result of each process and factor of merit value and basically identical, A
3b
1c
3d
2, A
2b
2c
3d
1, A
1b
3c
3d
3, A
2b
1c
2d
3the sensory effects of these four process is best, and the index determining total value corresponding to them also ranks first.By the determination and analysis to quality, can draw such conclusion, high potassium, middle nitrogen, middle phosphorus, Zhong Shui are the keys of producing tea of fine quality, and therefore, optimum liquid manure combination is A
3b
1c
3d
2, i.e. amount of application: urea 300kg/hm
2, P
2o
570kg/hm
2, K
2o 200kg/hm
2, irrigation low limit is that field capacity mean value drops to 70%.
3 conclusions
After this liquid manure technology of 3.1 use, compared with the control, fresh tea leaf output increased 100.4%, young sprout number raising 56.6%, tea-polyphenol raising 30.6%, trimethyl-xanthine raising 19.1%, amino acid raising 43.5%, protein raising 51.1%, factor of merit value raising 36.0%.
3.2 test-results show, the tea yield that tea tree is corresponding under different Capsicum yield also exists the pole significance difference opposite sex, and the output of each process is apparently higher than the output contrasted.The quality affecting tea yield, young sprout quantity and tealeaves is not caused by single factors, but by the interactional common results of several principal element.The high fertile energy output high grade tea of low water, but be difficult to high yield; The low fertilizer of high water can improve output and young sprout number, but can not ensure the quality of tealeaves.Therefore only under moderate liquid manure combined horizontal, guarantee tealeaves high yield is of fine quality.Therefore, show that the combination of best liquid manure is that " high nitrogen+low-phosphorous+high potassium+middle water " namely combines A
3b
1c
3d
2, this is also preferred version of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a tea tree fertilizer, comprises fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, it is characterized in that:
Described fertilizer is the cassava cane of co-grinding after manioc waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, its amount of application 320-450kg/hm
2;
Described chemical fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mixture, amount of application: urea 250-350kg/hm
2, P
2o
560-80kg/hm
2, K
2o 150-250kg/hm
2.
2. tea tree fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the amount of application of described fertilizer is 400kg/hm
2.
3. tea tree fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the amount of application of described chemical fertilizer is urea 300kg/hm
2, P
2o
570kg/hm
2, K
2o 200kg/hm
2.
4. a tea tree liquid manure application process, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
The soil moisture content of soil layer within A, the periodic detection 40cm degree of depth, after within the 40cm degree of depth, the soil relative water content mean value of soil layer drops to 65-75%, ground drip irrigation method is adopted to irrigate, the data definite value that irrigation volume calculates according to depth of wetted soil is irrigated, and within the control 40cm degree of depth, soil layer soil relative water content mean value is 87-92%;
B, collocation fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application, described fertilizer is the cassava cane as fertilizer co-grinding after manioc waste becomes thoroughly decomposed, and its amount of application is 320-450kg/hm
2; Described chemical fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mixture, and amount of application is: urea 250-350kg/hm
2, P
2o
560-80kg/hm
2, K
2o 150-250kg/hm
2;
C, fertilizing method: dig fertilising hole apart from every strain tea tree 25-35cm place, degree of depth 18-25cm; The last ten-days period in December use whole fertilizers in fertilising hole; The n p k fertilizer that last ten-days period January in the coming year execute yearly plan amount 58-65% is base manure, imposes in fertilising hole; April, June, August, the last ten-days period in October topdress, and be transported within fertilising hole, execute the azophoska of yearly plan amount 9-12% every month after taking dissolving by drip irrigation pipe.
5. tea tree liquid manure application process as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described steps A, after within the 40cm degree of depth, the soil relative water content mean value of soil layer drops to 70%, ground drip irrigation method is adopted to irrigate, the data definite value that irrigation volume calculates according to depth of wetted soil is irrigated, and within the control 40cm degree of depth, soil layer soil relative water content mean value is 90%.
6. tea tree liquid manure application process as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described step B, organic manure application rate is 400kg/hm
2; Applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is: urea 300kg/hm
2, P
2o
570kg/hm
2, K
2o 200kg/hm
2.
7. tea tree liquid manure application process as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described step C, fertilizing method is: dig fertilising hole apart from every strain tea tree 30cm place, degree of depth 20cm; The last ten-days period in December use whole fertilizers in fertilising hole; The n p k fertilizer that last ten-days period January in the coming year execute yearly plan amount 60% is base manure, imposes in fertilising hole; April, June, August, the last ten-days period in October topdress, and be transported within fertilising hole, execute the azophoska of yearly plan amount 10% every month after taking dissolving by drip irrigation pipe.
8. manioc waste become thoroughly decomposed after the cassava cane of co-grinding as the application of fertilizer in tea tree fertilizer, it is characterized in that: digging fertilising hole apart from every strain tea tree 25-35cm place, degree of depth 18-25cm, the last ten-days period in December use whole fertilizers in fertilising hole.
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| CN104973978A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-14 | 句容市容北茶文化有限公司 | Organic fertilizer for Maoshanchangqing tea trees, and preparation method thereof |
| CN105123007A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-09 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea garden mechanical double-sided rotary tillage and ploughing-cooperated fertilizer applying method |
| CN105152731A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2015-12-16 | 南京农业大学 | Fertilizer for tea garden fertigation |
| CN106489396B (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2021-07-20 | 天津海泰市政绿化有限公司 | Arbor fertilizing method for landscaping |
| CN109716909A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-05-07 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of famous green tea picking efficient trickle irrigation fertilizing method in tea place |
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