CN102096118A - Hillside point rainfall runoff measurement method - Google Patents
Hillside point rainfall runoff measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102096118A CN102096118A CN 201010560649 CN201010560649A CN102096118A CN 102096118 A CN102096118 A CN 102096118A CN 201010560649 CN201010560649 CN 201010560649 CN 201010560649 A CN201010560649 A CN 201010560649A CN 102096118 A CN102096118 A CN 102096118A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rainfall runoff measurement method, in particular to a hillside point rainfall runoff measurement method which belongs to the field of hydrologic forecast measurement in hydraulic engineering. The invention comprises measurement method steps, equipment, equipment mounting steps and the combination of measurement result analysis and calculation methods. The invention has the advantages that the hillside point rainfall runoff measurement method is provided to ensure that researchers can carry out precipitation quantity division through a physical method; the time sequence process of various runoff constituents can be measured; and the runoff yield space variation of the hillside can be obtained through reasonable arrangement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rainfall runoff measuring method, especially hillside point rainfall runoff measuring method.Belong to hydrologic forecast fields of measurement in the hydraulic engineering.
Background technology
The massif district area that China is threatened by mountain flood is about 4,630,000 km
2, accounting for 48% of China's land surface, total population is about 5.56 hundred million in the district, accounts for 44.2% of country's total population.Because the mountain area area is than great, have a large population, so the casualty loss that mountain torrents cause is often very serious, cause for the sustainable development of China's mountain area national economy and have a strong impact on.In recent years, great rivers freshwater monitoring level, flood control standard progressively are improved, no matter and small watershed in mountain is freshwater monitoring, or the flood control standard of the non-engineering of engineering is all lower.For this reason, " national mountain flood control program " will " tentatively building up mountain flood keypoint control district serves as the main system of preventing and reducing natural disasters that combines with engineering measure with non-engineering measures such as forecast, early warning " as recent (2010) object of planning.
The hillside hydrologic process occupies critical role in hydrology circulation.Studies show that: in the massif district, the water yield that enters the river course via the hillside fields accounts for 95% (Kirkby, 1988) of total amount.In addition, hillside hydrology development in recent years numerous theoretical methods, as threshold concept (Tromp-van Meerveld, the 2006a﹠amp of Representative Volume Element basin (REW) theoretical (Reggiani, 1998), hillside runoff yield; B) and the hillside amount of holding kinetic theory (Troch, et al., 2009) etc.Should, theoretical foundation needs the new observation procedure and the support of research technique, and this is (Beven, 2006 of relatively being short of at present; Hu and equality, 2007).Therefore, effectively monitor hillside rainfall runoff process, for understanding with understand hillside hydrodynamic force process, and the method etc. of setting up the prediction mountain torrents all has important significance for theories and engineering practice is worth.
Make progress from present correlative study both domestic and external, in the prior art of hydrologic forecast and hydrometric station monitoring, numerous for equipment and method that streamflow regime in rainfall and the river course is monitored.The hydraulics model test research of existing hillside mainly comprises two class methods (Gu Weizu etc., 2010): the one, and antificielle hillside and rainmaking test method; The 2nd, open-air in-situ observation test method.The defective of these two kinds of methods is, cost is high, the cycle is long and uncertain big etc.Because the diversified restriction of underlying surface and measure the restriction of means, there is not perfect method that the runoff yield water yield and the spatial variability thereof on hillside, upstream, basin goed deep into experimental study always.Therefore, a kind of can monitoring point yardstick hillside rainfall, the equipment and the method for overland flow, interflow etc., be the basis that above research is deeply gone down.
List of references:
Beven，K.J.(2006)，Searching?for?the?Holy?Grail?of?scientific?hydrology：Qt＝(S，R，Δt)A?as?closure，Hydrology?and?Earth?System?Sciences?10，609-618.
Gu Weizu, the still bright-coloured court of a feudal ruler, Zhai encourages (2010) such as Yi, the antinomy that natural experimental basin rainfall runoff phenomenon takes place, hydroscience progress 21,471-478.
Peaceful recklessly, field rich and powerful (2007), physical property River Basin Hydrology model investigation new development, water conservancy journal 38 (5), 511-517.
Kirkby，M.(1988)，Hillslope?runoff?processes?and?models，J.Hydrol.，100，315-339.
Whole nation mountain flood control program office of leading group (2003), national mountain flood control program establishment technique outline, 1-97.
Reggiani?P.，M.Sivapalan，S.M.Hassanizadeh(1998)，A?unifying?framework?for?watershedthermodynamics：balance?equations?for?mass，momentum，energy?and?entropy，and?the?second?law?ofthermodynamics，Advances?in?Water?Resources，22，367-398.
Troch，P.A.，G.A.Carrillo，I.Heidbüchel，et?al.(2009)，Dealing?with?landscape?heterogeneity?in?watershedhydrology：a?review?of?recent?progress?toward?new?hydrological?theory，Geography?Compass?3，375-392，DOI：10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00186.x.
Tromp-van?Meerveld，H.J.and?J.J.McDonnell(2006a)，Threshold?relations?in?subsurface?stormflow：1.A147-storm?analysis?of?the?Panola?hillslope，Water?Resources?Research?42，W02410，DOI：10.1029/2004WR003778.
Tromp-van?Meerveld，H.J.and?J.J.McDonnell(2006b)，Threshold?relations?in?subsurface?stormflow：2.Thefill?and?spill?hypothesis，Water?Resources?Research?42，W02411，DOI：10.1029/2004WR003800.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention just provides a kind of hillside point rainfall runoff measuring method, realizes that the water yield of hillside point rainfall runoff yield is divided measurement.
Hillside point rainfall runoff measuring method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of measurement point position;
Select to move towards consistent location with the hillside in the scheduled measurement hillside, the soil of this position is compared representative with the soil on scheduled measurement hillside with vegetation character with vegetation; Select a plurality of measurement points position according to the Thiessen polygon method.
(2) equipment hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument of the present invention comprises: lower baffle plate, median septum, outer rain-isolating plate, interior rain-isolating plate, rainfall conduit, the rainfall meter, the rainwash conduit, rainwash rain gage, interflow conduit, the interflow rain gage, draft tube, teledata transmitting apparatus, base station.
(3) equipment of the present invention is installed, and may further comprise the steps;
A. around the measurement point position of selecting, excavate, excavate bedrock surface, the lower baffle plate height of hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument is set according to cutting depth, the lower baffle plate height equates with cutting depth, the lower baffle plate lower port places on the basement rock, upper port is concordant with soil surface, and sealing is handled around the lower baffle plate and between basement rock;
B., median septum is installed then, and median septum directly is placed on soil surface, sets up interior rain-isolating plate on the median septum hollow position, seals between interior rain-isolating plate and median septum; Outer rain-isolating plate is set up in the median septum outside, seals between outer rain-isolating plate and median septum; Outer rain-isolating plate links to each other with lower baffle plate and seals;
C. outer rain-isolating plate and lower baffle plate openend are towards the elevation gradient maximum direction that descends;
D. rain-isolating plate opening side joint rainfall conduit and rainfall meter outside;
E. at internal partition open side ground connection table footpath conduit and rainwash rain gage;
F. conduit and interflow rain gage in the lower baffle plate opening part is bordered on;
G., draft tube is installed, draft tube is caused the downstream, hillside at a distance;
H., the teledata transmitting apparatus is installed.
(4) runoff observation and analysis
In a rainfall, the rainfall on the observation station in hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument collection hillside and the various runoff compositions of conversion thereof, each is collected data send to the base station, utilize the Thiessen polygon method of weighting to obtain the runoff distribution characteristics on whole measurement hillside in the base station by the teledata transmitting apparatus.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the invention provides hillside point rainfall runoff yield measuring method, make the researcher carry out quantity of precipitation and divide by physical method;
(2) the present invention can record the time program process of multiple runoff composition;
(3) the present invention can obtain the hillside and produce the spatial variability that confluxes by reasonable Arrangement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wiring layout of present device;
Fig. 2 is the present device schematic side view;
Fig. 3 is the present device front elevational schematic
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of present device;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of the inventive method;
The layout of equipment of Fig. 6 the inventive method.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments.
Hillside point rainfall runoff measuring method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) selection of measurement point position;
As shown in Figure 1, select landform than falling maximum position in the scheduled measurement zone, the soil of this position is identical with vegetation character with the soil in scheduled measurement zone with vegetation, has the underlying surface representativeness; Select 5 measurement point positions according to the Thiessen polygon method, arrangenent diagram is seen Fig. 6.
(2) equipment hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument of the present invention comprises: outer rain-isolating plate 1, interior rain-isolating plate 2, median septum 3, lower baffle plate 4, rainwash rain gage 5, rainfall conduit 6, rainfall meter 7, interflow conduit 8, interflow rain gage 9, draft tube 10, teledata transmitting apparatus 11, the base station.
(3) shown in Fig. 2,3,4, equipment of the present invention is installed, and may further comprise the steps:
A. around the measurement point position of selecting, excavate, excavate bedrock surface 13, lower baffle plate 4 height of hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument are set according to cutting depth, lower baffle plate 4 height equate with depth of soil, lower baffle plate 4 lower port place on the basement rock, upper port is concordant with soil surface 11, around the lower baffle plate 4 and 13 of bedrock surfaces do sealing and handle;
B., median septum 3 is installed then, and median septum 3 directly is placed on soil surface 12, rain-isolating plate 2 in setting up on median septum 3 hollow positions, 3 sealings of interior rain-isolating plate 2 and median septum; Outer rain-isolating plate 1 is set up in median septum 3 outsides, 3 sealings of outer rain-isolating plate 1 and median septum; Outer rain-isolating plate 1 links to each other with lower baffle plate 4 and seals;
C. outer rain-isolating plate 1 and lower baffle plate 4 openends are towards the elevation gradient maximum direction that descends;
D. rain-isolating plate 1 opening side joint rainfall conduit 6 and rainfall meter 7 outside;
E. at internal partition 2 open side ground connection table runoff rain gage 5;
G., draft tube 10 is installed, draft tube 10 is caused the downstream, hillside at a distance;
H., teledata transmitting apparatus 11 is installed.
(4) runoff observation and analysis
In a rainfall, hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument is collected the rainfall on the observation station in hillside, each is collected data send to the base station by teledata transmitting apparatus 11, in the base station, be converted into various runoff compositions, utilize the Thiessen polygon method of weighting to obtain the runoff distribution characteristics of whole measured zone simultaneously.
Table 1 has provided the rainfall value that a rainfall and each rain gage record, and calculate the runoff yield of each underlay surface layer of hillside runoff yield.
Table 1. rainfall distributes and runoff yield
Claims (4)
1. hillside point rainfall runoff measuring method of the present invention, based on the rainfall measurement basic skills, it is characterized in that: the present invention uses hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument to ooze rainfall by recording under each underlying surface, and the rainfall that calculates in the runoff yield process distributes, and particularly may further comprise the steps:
(1) selects point position;
(2) hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument is installed;
(3) runoff observation and analysis.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument comprises: lower baffle plate, median septum, outer rain-isolating plate, interior rain-isolating plate, rainfall conduit, the rainfall meter, the rainwash conduit, rainwash rain gage, interflow conduit, the interflow rain gage, draft tube, teledata transmitting apparatus, base station.
3. according to the described installation hillside point of claim 1 rainfall runoff measuring instrument, it is characterized in that described installation steps are as follows:
A) around the measurement point position of selecting, excavate, excavate bedrock surface, the lower baffle plate height of hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument is set according to cutting depth, the lower baffle plate height equates with cutting depth, the lower baffle plate lower port places on the basement rock, upper port is concordant with soil surface, and sealing is handled around the lower baffle plate and between basement rock;
B) median septum is installed then, median septum directly is placed on soil surface, sets up interior rain-isolating plate on the median septum hollow position, seals between interior rain-isolating plate and median septum; Outer rain-isolating plate is set up in the median septum outside, seals between outer rain-isolating plate and median septum; Outer rain-isolating plate links to each other with lower baffle plate and seals;
C) outer rain-isolating plate and lower baffle plate openend are towards the elevation gradient maximum direction that descends;
D) rain-isolating plate opening side joint rainfall conduit and rainfall meter outside;
E) at internal partition open side ground connection table footpath conduit and rainwash rain gage;
F) conduit and interflow rain gage in the lower baffle plate opening part is bordered on;
G) draft tube is installed, draft tube is caused the downstream, hillside at a distance;
H) the teledata transmitting apparatus is installed.
4. hillside point rainfall runoff measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described runoff observation and analysis, it is each the rainfall composition that utilizes on point of hillside point rainfall runoff measuring instrument observation, each is collected data send to the base station by the teledata transmitting apparatus, in the base station, be converted into various runoff compositions, utilize the Thiessen polygon method of weighting to obtain the runoff distribution characteristics on whole measurement hillside simultaneously.
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103454404A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Miniature soil hydrologic monitoring system suitable for high-heterogeneity karst sloping field |
| CN104198353A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-10 | 山东大学 | Device and method for simulating permeable pavement stormwater runoff approximate test |
| CN105093357A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-25 | 国家电网公司 | Optimized spot deploying method for rainfall observational network in reservoir basin |
| CN105320827A (en) * | 2014-07-06 | 2016-02-10 | 章华芳 | Rainfall runoff forecasting system |
| CN106971237A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-07-21 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of Medium-and Long-Term Runoff Forecasting method for optimized algorithm of being looked for food based on bacterium |
| CN109190263A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-11 | 柳创新 | Method based on full Basin Rainfall runoff and hydrodynamic model prediction precipitation flow |
| CN110031183A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-19 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of suitable research artificial basin of rainfall-layering runoff relationship |
| CN110412664A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-05 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | A kind of measuring system and method for rainfall and runoff |
| CN110595531A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-12-20 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for measuring runoff and water quality comprehensive index in residential rainfall experiment |
| CN110895354A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-20 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Surface rainfall calculation method based on dynamic adjustment of Thiessen polygon |
| CN114355486A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-15 | 山东省煤田地质局物探测量队 | Mine water damage prevention and control device and method based on precipitation estimation |
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| JP2007217973A (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-30 | Asahi Kasei Fibers Corp | Red soil runoff preventive method |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103454404A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Miniature soil hydrologic monitoring system suitable for high-heterogeneity karst sloping field |
| CN105320827A (en) * | 2014-07-06 | 2016-02-10 | 章华芳 | Rainfall runoff forecasting system |
| CN105320827B (en) * | 2014-07-06 | 2018-07-13 | 嘉兴河海中控信息科技有限公司 | Rainfall Runoff Forecasting |
| CN104198353A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2014-12-10 | 山东大学 | Device and method for simulating permeable pavement stormwater runoff approximate test |
| CN105093357A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-11-25 | 国家电网公司 | Optimized spot deploying method for rainfall observational network in reservoir basin |
| CN105093357B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2016-05-25 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of reservoir watershed rain condition optimization points distributing method |
| CN106971237A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-07-21 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of Medium-and Long-Term Runoff Forecasting method for optimized algorithm of being looked for food based on bacterium |
| CN106971237B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-04-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of Medium-and Long-Term Runoff Forecasting method for optimization algorithm of being looked for food based on bacterium |
| CN109190263A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-11 | 柳创新 | Method based on full Basin Rainfall runoff and hydrodynamic model prediction precipitation flow |
| CN110031183A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-19 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of suitable research artificial basin of rainfall-layering runoff relationship |
| CN110031183B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2024-02-13 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Artificial river basin suitable for researching rainfall-layered runoff relationship |
| CN110595531A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-12-20 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for measuring runoff and water quality comprehensive index in residential rainfall experiment |
| CN110412664A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-05 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | A kind of measuring system and method for rainfall and runoff |
| CN110895354A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-20 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Surface rainfall calculation method based on dynamic adjustment of Thiessen polygon |
| CN114355486A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-15 | 山东省煤田地质局物探测量队 | Mine water damage prevention and control device and method based on precipitation estimation |
| CN114355486B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-07-28 | 山东省煤田地质局物探测量队 | Mine water damage prevention and control device and method based on precipitation amount estimation |
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