CN104007248A - Method for constructing water and soil erosion coupling model in karst region and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for constructing water and soil erosion coupling model in karst region and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104007248A CN104007248A CN201410230343.7A CN201410230343A CN104007248A CN 104007248 A CN104007248 A CN 104007248A CN 201410230343 A CN201410230343 A CN 201410230343A CN 104007248 A CN104007248 A CN 104007248A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for constructing a water and soil erosion coupling model in karst region and application of the method. The method comprises the following steps: researching water and soil erosion characteristics and mechanisms and underground soil leak rules in karst valley regions by using methods such as runoff plot, paint scratching, piling and radionuclide tracing, combining with underground river sediment monitoring, obtaining large-scale and small-scale ratios of surface water and soil erosion to underground soil leak, and constructing the water and soil erosion coupling model in the karst valley region by taking a Bao-Yuan Liu water and soil erosion model as the basis. The model provides necessary reference for effectively treating underground river pollution in the karst valley region, provides a scientific basis for accurately calculating the surface and underground soil erosion amount and provides a reliable guarantee for accurately judging the soil erosion strength, water and soil erosion treatment and stony desertification problem, a weak karst environment is treated by people, and sustainable development of ecological economy in the region is kept. Meanwhile, a valuable scientific basis is provided for controlling water pollution and sediment deposition in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to prevention and control of soil erosion technical field, relate in particular to a kind of construction method and application thereof of karst area soil erosion coupling model.
Background technology
China Karst extensive development, by carbonatite outcrop area, has 90.7 ten thousand km
2.Wherein, Southwest China karst area is " maximum karst continuous band in the world ", area approximately 500,000 km
2.The inadequate natural endowment of carbonatite substances into the soil, makes karst area become native speed very slow, is not having in vegetation protection situation, and several rainfalls just likely runs off totally, forms Karst Desertification.To effectively prevent and treat stony desertification and occur, must understand fully karst area soil erosion feature and mechanism.
The underground double-deck karst structure in earth's surface, due to special lithology, is grown in karst area, and basement rock sheet is exposed, and soil is by discontinuous, and heterogeneous high, grow on crack, swallow hole and underground underground river.Karst area is because exist underground chemolysis, surface soil to there will be soil depression phenomenon, so karst area soil erosion exists the surface flow underground leakage of becoming estranged, this is also the key point (as shown in Figure 1) of distinguishing non-karst area.The underground leakage of soil refers to the hole and pore gap that Karst ground water corrosion forms, by soil cover by creep and the mass erosion mode filling such as straggly, cause hillside fields surface soil, parent soil material and other ground component if landwaste, ravelly ground etc. are along the soil depression in lapies, fluid bowl, depression and rock crevice, enter underground pipeline and subterranean stream.Soil surface runs off and to refer to that soil is under waterpower, wind-force, freeze thawing, gravity and other external agency effect, the process that surface soil, parent soil material and other ground component be destroyed, degrade, turn round, deposit and enter subterranean stream by swallow hole, vertical shaft.
Along with deepening continuously that karst area soil erosion is familiar with, some scholars are extended to earth's surface and underground research by karst area soil Erosion Research.But these researchs are from macroscopic view mostly or in theory underground current are lost and carried out setting forth or directly application.By field inspection, karstification is to the rarely seen report of the research of underground soil erosion.The few main cause of Groundwater In The Karst Area soil Study on loss, that underground soil erosion is difficult to quantitative detection, cause people to understand karst area soil erosion feature unclear, laws of soil erosion understanding is inadequate, thereby has hindered the improvement of people to karst area soil erosion.
Understand karst area soil erosion feature and mechanism, must understand the leakage of Groundwater In The Karst Area soil.The research of the soil of karst area leakage at present mainly concentrates on the ground such as Guizhou, Guangxi.The underground leakage of karst area and Karst Fissures development degree relation are very large, and cranny development is subject to the impact of the multiple factors such as tectonic structure, lithology, vegetation, the hydrology, and region, karst area is different, and soil leakage is widely different.Someone points out that the underground loss ratio in the original mountain region of Pure Carbonate Landform reaches 80%, and the underground loss ratio in the non-original mountain region of the original mountain region of carbonatite and carbonatite is very low.When the initial anticline in karst trough valley area, Chongqing forms, above cover Xu Jia river group sandstone, lower rock stratum is Lei Kou slope group, Jia Lingjiang River group successively and flies celestial pass group carbonatite.When on cover sandstone and degraded after, its underpart limestone is exposed, forms the karst valley of core portion through the corrosion of long-term rain and both wings sandstone allogenic water.And in trough valley, form the Karst Features such as depression, valley floor, swallow hole, in the limestone of trough valley bottom, go to river developmentally.In trough valley, on exposed basement rock, often there are the Karst Features phenomenons such as karren, lapies, solution crack to exist.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the stratum of karst trough valley area, Chongqing present anticline axial region exposure is Lower Triassic Jia Lingjiang River group (T1j) thick massive limestone, pierite, dolomitic limestone angle rudstone, tectonic fissure is very grown, and sometimes flies the group limestone clip page rock exposure of celestial pass.Legs is in the Triassic system, unite Lei Kou slope group (T2l) dolomitic limestone, pierite and muddy limestone, on angle rudstone and grayish green, yellow green shale and the Triassic system, unite Xu Jia river group (T3xj) feldspar quartzose sandstone, pelitic siltstone, mud stone accompany coal measures, the attitude of rocks is milder, but because rock stratum is difficult to corrosion relatively, on earth's surface, show as ridge mountain region, ridge, thereby form so-called " Yi Shan bis-ridge one grooves " or " Yi Shan tri-ridge two grooves " karst landscape.
Karst valley is not only the ubiquitous a kind of geomorphic type in Chongqing region, is also the place that the people that live in this region carry out farming activities.If do not understand karst trough valley area soil erosion characteristics and mechanisms, do not set up karst area soil erosion coupling model, just can not correctly calculate earth's surface, trough valley area water and soil number of dropouts and underground wastage, cannot accurate instruction people carry out Agricultural Activities in this region, certainly will aggravate soil erosion and the stony desertification process in this region, make to depend on foundation and the ability that the people that live this area lose existence gradually.
In order to solve these problem in science, be necessary to build runoff plots in karst trough valley area, Chongqing, carry out soil Erosion Research work.Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing karst area proportion reaches 34.71%, the soil erosion of research Chongqing Karst Area, not only be conducive to this area's sustainable development of ecological and economic system, also help research under this lithology background, soil erosion and the impact of soil leakage on reservoir area of Three Gorges.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of construction method and application thereof of karst area soil erosion coupling model, be intended to solve the problem that existing karst area soil erosion coupling model can not correctly calculate earth's surface, trough valley area water and soil number of dropouts and underground wastage.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of construction method of karst area soil erosion coupling model, comprises the following steps:
S1, arrange runoff field in the wild, use field inspection and rainfall simulation in field, measure the impact of each influence factor on soil erosion; By observation run-off, inferior rainfall erosion speed, quantity of sand and mud, infiltration capacity, soil moisture content and shearing strength, change, obtain the quantitative relationship of each influence factor and soil erosion;
S2, research karst trough valley area soil surface run off and underground leakage ratio; By runoff field observe, karst valley place basin perimeter observes, the monitoring sediment of going to river in combination, obtains large and small two yardstick earth's surface soil erosions and underground leakage ratio;
S3, according to the quantitative relationship of described each influence factor and soil erosion and described large and small two yardstick earth's surface soil erosions and underground leakage ratio, build karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model.
Preferably, in step S1, describedly arrange that the method for runoff field comprises the following steps in the wild: the mode that adopts artificially-simulated rainfall, select the different Karst Fissures development degrees of nature, different land use type, building some simple and easy runoff fields, lays bricks and uses cement plaster in runoff field three limits, and below is placed dust-collecting bucket and collected runoff and the silt that each rainfall produces.
Preferably, in step S1, described influence factor comprises land use pattern, characteristics of rainfall, vegetation cover degree, the exposed rate of rock, Karst Fissures development degree, topographical position, soil moisture.
Preferably, in step S1, the following rainfall of the monitoring of described run-off is monitored, and by recording the water depth of bucket and the area of bucket, obtains the run-off that time rainfall produces; Before each runoff water yield gathers, the cement in bucket is stirred, get 500ml muddy water mixed solution, by 0.45um filter membrane, filter membrane is weighed after drying, and by twice filter membrane weight, subtracts each other, and calculates described quantity of sand and mud M, wherein, and sediment loss amount (g/m
2)=run-off (L/m
2) * M (mg/L) * 1/1000.
Preferably, in step S1, described erosion rate adopts
137cs and
7be measures; Described soil moisture content adopts oven drying method to measure; Described infiltration capacity adopts the around-France mensuration of two infiltration; Described shearing strength adopts the on-the-spot shearing resistance instrument of VanetesterH-60 type to measure.
Preferably, in step S2, the soil erosion of small scale earth's surface and the definite of underground leakage proportionate relationship comprise the following steps: in the domestic employing of selected some runoff fields traditional piling, stroke paint staining, detect total soil loss amount in runoff field, in corresponding runoff pond, detect surface soil number of dropouts simultaneously, described total soil loss amount and surface soil number of dropouts are subtracted each other, obtain small scale runoff field underground wastage, thereby obtain small scale earth's surface and underground leakage ratio.
Preferably, in step S2, the soil erosion of large scale earth's surface and the definite of underground leakage proportionate relationship comprise the following steps:
In selected karst valley basin perimeter, according to different land use type, gather top layer soil sample, by test
137cs,
210pb quality, than activity, is got different land use type
137cs,
210pb quality, than the mean value of activity, is utilized each land type area ratio, erosion modulus, by weighted calculation, draws upper soll layer soil sample
137cs,
210pb quality is than activity content;
According to surface soil and subterranean stream mud
137cs,
210pb quality, than activity, draws earth's surface and underground leakage ratio by matching method.
Preferably, in step S2, the checking of the soil erosion of large scale earth's surface and underground leakage proportionate relationship comprises the following steps: at selected karst valley subterranean stream, with turbidimeter, carry out monitoring sediment, obtain subterranean stream sediment loss amount, according to the surface flow vector of each land use pattern monitoring of earth's surface, calculate earth's surface and underground loss ratio again.
Preferably, in step S3, described karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model function definition is:
Y＝W+W` (1)；
W＝ARKD
LSBET(1-a) (2)；
In formula (1), Y represents karst area total amount of erosion, and W represents terrestrial erosion amount, and W' represents underground erosion amount;
In formula (2), A is adjustment factor, and a refers to the exposed rate of rock, and R is rainfall erosivity, K soil erodibility factor, D
lSbe the gradient, slope length factor, B is the biological control measure factor, the E engineering measure factor, the T tillage control measure factor; A=B
1* B
2, B
1refer to the surface runoff coefficient ratio of karst area Yu Fei karst area soil erosion, B
2refer to that Yu Fei karst area, karst area year produces the rainfall amount number of times ratio of the soil erosion;
In formula (3), δ represents karst area terrestrial erosion ratio, and 1-δ represents karst area underground erosion ratio.
The present invention further provides above-mentioned karst area soil erosion coupling model administering the underground pollution of estuary in karst area, control soil erosion, the application aspect stony desertification.
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of construction method and application thereof of karst area soil erosion coupling model are provided, use runoff plots, draw paint, piling, the method research karst trough valley area soil erosion features such as isotopic tagging, mechanism and underground leakage rule, the monitoring sediment of going to river in combination, obtain large scale and the soil erosion of small scale earth's surface and underground leakage ratio, again with Liu Baoyuan (Zheng Fenli, Jiang Zhongshan, high community land the income from which was used to support a school. water erosion process and forecasting model [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2007.) soil erosion model is foundation, build karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model, for karst area, correctly calculate soil erosion amount scientific basis is provided.
The present invention coordinates by several different methods, and the various influence factors of research karst area soil erosion obtain karst area soil erosion feature and leakage mechanism, set up karst area soil erosion coupling model.Research karst area soil erosion feature and mechanism, can provide necessary reference for effectively administering the underground pollution of estuary in karst area, for accurately calculating earth's surface and underground erosion amount, provide scientific basis, for correct judging soil erosion intensity, control soil erosion and rocky desertification problem provides reliable guarantee, be conducive to people and administer fragile karst environment, keep this area's sustainable development of ecological and economic system.Simultaneously also for control Water Pollution in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, reservoir area of Three Gorges sedimentation provide valuable scientific basis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is karst area soil erosion Concept of Process figure;
Fig. 2 is Chongqing karst valley landforms schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the A-B diagrammatic cross-section in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of steps of the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area of the present invention.
Embodiment
The technical scheme main points of the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area of the present invention are, take to lay runoff plots, field sampling, core spike, the monitoring of subterranean stream silt content, indoor sample is analyzed, the means such as GIS and remote sensing, on the basis of complete investigation hydrogeology in the wild, gather material on a wide scale, take quantitative test as main, take earth system science and karst dynamic system theory is guidance, take that field study and field are analyzed and laboratory advanced person's analytical technology is support, use mathematical statistics method, inquire into karst area soil erosion influence factor, set up quantitative relationship, according to earth's surface underground current, lose ratio, soil erosion coupling model in karst area is proposed.
(1) arrange runoff field in the wild, the relation of research karst area soil erosion and land use pattern, characteristics of rainfall, vegetation cover degree, the exposed rate of rock, Karst Fissures development degree, topographical position, soil moisture etc., the exposed rate of primary study rock and rock fracture development degree, thus the quantitative relationship of soil erosion and each influence factor set up.
(2) the underground leakage theory in karst area proposing for present Chinese scholars, by core tracer technique, subterranean stream monitoring sediment and in runoff plots, draw the means analysis such as paint, piling, obtaining karst area soil surface runs off and underground leakage ratio, on above-mentioned Research foundation, build karst area soil erosion coupling model.
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
A construction method for karst area soil erosion coupling model, as shown in Figure 4, comprises the following steps:
S1, arrange runoff field in the wild, use field inspection and rainfall simulation in field, measure the impact of each influence factor on soil erosion; By observation run-off, inferior rainfall erosion speed, quantity of sand and mud, infiltration capacity, soil moisture content and shearing strength, change, obtain the quantitative relationship of each influence factor and soil erosion;
In step S1, use field inspection and rainfall simulation in field, the relation of research karst area soil erosion and land use pattern, characteristics of rainfall, vegetation cover degree, the exposed rate of rock, Karst Fissures development degree, topographical position, soil moisture etc., especially the exposed rate of study of rocks and the impact of rock fracture development degree on soil erosion, inquires into Karst Fissures development degree and the impact of intensity on underground leakage.In study area, choose the representative region of each index, by making simple and easy runoff plots, in conjunction with artificially-simulated rainfall, nucleic (
137cs and
7be) the test observation method such as spike, measures respectively the impact of each influence factor on soil erosion, by observation run-off, quantity of sand and mud, soil moisture content and shearing strength, changes, and obtains the quantitative relationship of each influence factor and soil erosion.
More specifically, step S1 comprises following process:
A, in order to monitor the impact of Karst Fissures on soil erosion, adopt the mode of artificially-simulated rainfall, select the different Karst Fissures development degrees of nature, build 3 of simple and easy runoff fields, lay bricks and use cement plaster in three limits, below is placed dust-collecting bucket and is collected runoff and the silt that each rainfall produces, monitoring run-off and isotopic tagging play rainfall erosion speed.By the variation of observation infiltration capacity, soil moisture content, the impact of quantitative evaluation rock fracture development degree on soil infiltration and impact resilience.Use
137cs and
7be measures erosion rate.Adopt the around-France mensuration infiltration capacity of two infiltration, adopt oven drying method to measure soil moisture content, adopt the on-the-spot shearing resistance instrument of VanetesterH-60 type to measure shearing strength.
The following rainfall of monitoring of B, run-off is monitored, and by recording the water depth of bucket and the area of bucket, obtains the run-off that time rainfall produces; Before each runoff water yield gathers, the cement in bucket is stirred, get 500ml muddy water mixed solution, by 0.45um filter membrane, filter membrane is weighed after drying, and by twice filter membrane weight, subtracts each other, and calculates sediment charge M.Sediment loss amount (g/m
2)=run-off (L/m
2) * M (mg/L) * 1/1000.Other soil erosion factor of influence (as the stony desertification factor, vegetation coverage etc.) is also to adopt the method to monitor, and obtains their quantitative relationship.
S2, research karst trough valley area soil erosion feature, mechanism and underground leakage rule, the monitoring sediment of going to river in combination, obtains large scale and the soil erosion of small scale earth's surface and underground leakage ratio;
In step S2, the one, by drawing paint, piling in runoff plots (although the method is simple, precision is not high, if but adhere to long-term observation, can describe the problem), the method such as 137Cs core spike, research small scale scope karst area earth's surface soil erosion and underground leakage ratio; The 2nd, in the basin perimeter of place, karst trough valley area, according to Land-Use, survey soil
137cs,
210pb content, surveys this basin subterranean stream mud
137cs,
210the content of Pb, calculates earth's surface and underground leakage ratio according to matching method; The 3rd, in the basin perimeter of place, karst trough valley area, according to earth's surface monitoring soil and water loss and at debouchure monitoring sediment charge, calculate underground wastage, draw the underground loss ratio in earth's surface.
More specifically, the soil erosion of small scale earth's surface and the experiment of underground leakage ratio specifically comprise:
Adopt runoff plots method and traditional piling, stroke paint method analysis and research earth's surface, region and underground leakage ratio.At 9 of karst areas, Nanchuan runoff field, by drawing the methods such as paint, piling, detect sediment loss amount in runoff field within the border, in corresponding 9 runoff ponds, detect earth's surface sediment loss amount simultaneously.If being each rainfall, method finishes the rear soil erosion that has, water and mud in 9 runoff ponds are stirred evenly, with the measuring cup of 2 liters, dip Chi Zhongshui, with siphonage, amount water in the cup is put dry, with baking box, dry in measuring cup mud and claim to obtain weight, according to the muddy water volume in runoff pond, calculate soil erosion amount again.Record erosion sediment amount, annual soil erosion amount is added up, according to the area of runoff field, calculate one square kilometre, draw annual soil erosion modulus.By 6 (3+3) detection in year, to drawing the position of paint, piling, carry out new measuring and calculating, according to the area of runoff field, calculate sediment loss amount (comprising earth's surface sediment loss amount and underground sediment loss amount), calculate quantity of sand and mud (earth's surface sediment loss amount) in runoff pond, thereby extrapolate each runoff field earth's surface, underground current vector.
The full-automatic little weather station Monitoring Data of installing in Nan Ping, Nanchuan in national brainstorm project for rainfall data acquisition, collects rainfall data for one month.
In addition,, in step S3, more specifically, the soil erosion of large scale earth's surface and the experiment of underground leakage ratio specifically comprise:
Large scale earth's surface, the experiment of underground soil erosion ratio have two kinds.A kind of is to use
137cs,
210pb core spike matching method is asked calculation.Method is in the karst valley basin perimeter of Nanchuan, gathers each 5 of top layer soil samples (sampling depth 5cm, Sampling Area 20cm * 20cm), by test according to different land use type
137cs,
210pb quality, than activity, is got different land use type
137cs,
210pb quality, than the mean value of activity, is utilized each land type area ratio (using remote sensing image analysis to draw), erosion modulus, by weighted calculation, draws upper soll layer soil sample
137cs,
210pb quality is than activity content.According to surface soil and subterranean stream mud
137cs,
210pb quality, than activity, draws earth's surface and underground leakage ratio by matching method.Another kind is to ask calculation with measurement method.Method is with turbidimeter, to carry out monitoring sediment at Nanchuan karst valley subterranean stream, obtains subterranean stream sediment loss amount, then according to the surface flow vector of each land use pattern monitoring of earth's surface, calculates earth's surface and underground loss ratio.
S3, according to the quantitative relationship of described each influence factor and soil erosion and described large and small two yardstick earth's surface soil erosions and underground leakage ratio, build karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model.
In step S3, this karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model has added three key elements on the basis of the precious first soil erosion model of Liu, comprises A adjustment factor, A=B
1* B
2, B
1refer to the surface runoff coefficient ratio of karst area Yu Fei karst area soil erosion, B
2refer to that Yu Fei karst area, karst area year produces the rainfall amount number of times ratio of the soil erosion.This value is mainly to draw by S1 step.
The exposed rate of a rock, this is also to study by S1 the result drawing.
δ soil surface corrodes ratio, the underground leakage ratio of 1-δ soil, and according to preceding step, S2 draws.
In step S3, more specifically, karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model function definition is:
Y＝W+W` (1)；
W＝ARKD
LSBET(1-a) (2)；
In formula (1), Y represents karst area total amount of erosion, and W represents terrestrial erosion amount, and W' represents underground erosion amount;
In formula (2), A is adjustment factor, and a refers to the exposed rate of rock, and R is rainfall erosivity, K soil erodibility factor, D
lSbe the gradient, slope length factor, B is the biological control measure factor, the E engineering measure factor, the T tillage control measure factor; A=B
1* B
2, B
1refer to the surface runoff coefficient ratio of karst area Yu Fei karst area soil erosion, B2 refers to that Yu Fei karst area, karst area year produces the rainfall amount number of times ratio of the soil erosion;
In formula (3), δ represents karst area terrestrial erosion ratio, and 1-δ represents karst area underground erosion ratio.
In embodiments of the present invention, according to the loss of water and soil earth's surface, karst trough valley area, underground leakage feature and rule, research soil erosion mechanism, draws karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model.Inquire into and affect karst area Soil Erosion Factor: the gradient, length of grade; Rainfall erosivity and lithology; The exposed rate of rock; Soil erodibility K value; Biological control measure factor B; Engineering measure factor E, tillage control measure factor T.The precious first soil erosion model of Chinese scholar Liu of take is source, in model, the factor such as the special Karst Fissures adjustment factor (A) of considering to affect karst area soil erosion, the exposed rate of rock (a), the underground loss ratio in earth's surface, sets up karst area soil erosion coupling model.And performance model simulates reckoning, compare with runoff plots monitoring result, confirm the reliability of model.
In embodiments of the present invention, this karst area soil erosion coupling model can provide necessary reference for effectively administering the underground pollution of estuary in karst area, for accurately calculating earth's surface and underground erosion amount, provide scientific basis, for correct judging soil erosion intensity, control soil erosion and rocky desertification problem provides reliable guarantee, be conducive to people and administer fragile karst environment, keep this area's sustainable development of ecological and economic system.Simultaneously also for control Water Pollution in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, reservoir area of Three Gorges sedimentation provide valuable scientific basis.
Than the shortcoming and defect of prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention, according to research karst area laws of soil erosion, obtains karst area soil erosion coupling model.According to this model, can calculate karst area soil surface number of dropouts and underground wastage, with this different plot, correct judgement karst area soil erosion intensity.According to soil erosion intensity, take rational water to protect measure, especially, for the high area of underground leakage ratio, take suitable water-and-soil conservation measures, and be not only earth's surface water-and-soil conservation measures.Be conducive to like this protect fragile Karst Ecological Environment.Because the soil of karst area leakage, not only increase subterranean stream amount of sludge but also the pollutant that carries along with soil enters subterranean stream, also polluted subterranean stream water quality.Therefore correctly calculate soil erosion amount, for controlling soil erosion, provide reliable guarantee with rocky desertification problem, be conducive to people and administer fragile karst environment, keep karst area sustainable development of ecological and economic system, simultaneously for control Water Pollution in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, reservoir area of Three Gorges sedimentation provide valuable scientific basis.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a construction method for karst area soil erosion coupling model, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
S1, arrange runoff field in the wild, use field inspection and rainfall simulation in field, measure the impact of each influence factor on soil erosion; By observation run-off, inferior rainfall erosion speed, quantity of sand and mud, infiltration capacity, soil moisture content and shearing strength, change, obtain the quantitative relationship of each influence factor and soil erosion;
S2, research karst trough valley area soil surface run off and underground leakage ratio; By runoff field observe, karst valley place basin perimeter observes, the monitoring sediment of going to river in combination, obtains large and small two yardstick earth's surface soil erosions and underground leakage ratio;
S3, according to the quantitative relationship of described each influence factor and soil erosion and described large and small two yardstick earth's surface soil erosions and underground leakage ratio, build karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model.
2. the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step S1, describedly arrange that the method for runoff field comprises the following steps in the wild: the mode that adopts artificially-simulated rainfall, select the different Karst Fissures development degrees of nature, different land use type, builds some simple and easy runoff fields, lay bricks and use cement plaster in runoff field three limits, below is placed dust-collecting bucket and collected runoff and the silt that each rainfall produces.
3. the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step S1, described influence factor comprises land use pattern, characteristics of rainfall, vegetation cover degree, the exposed rate of rock, Karst Fissures development degree, topographical position, soil moisture.
4. the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step S1, the following rainfall of the monitoring of described run-off is monitored, by recording the water depth of bucket and the area of bucket, obtain the run-off that time rainfall produces; Before each runoff water yield gathers, the cement in bucket is stirred, get 500ml muddy water mixed solution, by 0.45um filter membrane, filter membrane is weighed after drying, and by twice filter membrane weight, subtracts each other, and calculates described quantity of sand and mud M, wherein, and sediment loss amount (g/m
2)=run-off (L/m
2) * M (mg/L) * 1/1000.
5. the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in step S1, described erosion rate adopts
137cs and
7be measures;
Described soil moisture content adopts oven drying method to measure;
Described infiltration capacity adopts the around-France mensuration of two infiltration;
Described shearing strength adopts the on-the-spot shearing resistance instrument of VanetesterH-60 type to measure.
6. the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step S2, the soil erosion of small scale earth's surface and the definite of underground leakage proportionate relationship comprise the following steps: in the traditional piling of the domestic employing of selected some runoff fields, draw paint staining and detect total soil loss amount in runoff field, in corresponding runoff pond, detect surface soil number of dropouts simultaneously, described total soil loss amount and surface soil number of dropouts are subtracted each other, obtain small scale runoff field underground wastage, thereby obtain small scale earth's surface and underground leakage ratio.
7. the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step S2, the soil erosion of large scale earth's surface and the definite of underground leakage proportionate relationship comprise the following steps:
In selected karst valley basin perimeter, according to different land use type, gather top layer soil sample, by test
137cs,
210pb quality, than activity, is got different land use type
137cs,
210pb quality, than the mean value of activity, is utilized each land type area ratio, erosion modulus, by weighted calculation, draws upper soll layer soil sample
137cs,
210pb quality is than activity content;
According to surface soil and subterranean stream mud
137cs,
210pb quality, than activity, draws earth's surface and underground leakage ratio by matching method.
8. the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step S2, the checking of the soil erosion of large scale earth's surface and underground leakage proportionate relationship comprises the following steps: at selected karst valley subterranean stream, with turbidimeter, carry out monitoring sediment, obtain subterranean stream sediment loss amount, according to the surface flow vector of each land use pattern monitoring of earth's surface, calculate earth's surface and underground loss ratio again.
9. the construction method of soil erosion coupling model in karst area as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step S3, described karst trough valley area soil erosion coupling model function definition is:
Y＝W+W` (1)；
W＝ARKD
LSBET(1-a) (2)；
In formula (1), Y represents karst area total amount of erosion, and W represents terrestrial erosion amount, and W' represents underground erosion amount;
In formula (2), A is adjustment factor, and a refers to the exposed rate of rock, and R is rainfall erosivity, K soil erodibility factor, D
lSbe the gradient, slope length factor, B is the biological control measure factor, the E engineering measure factor, the T tillage control measure factor; A=B
1* B
2, B
1refer to the surface runoff coefficient ratio of karst area Yu Fei karst area soil erosion, B
2refer to that Yu Fei karst area, karst area year produces the rainfall amount number of times ratio of the soil erosion;
In formula (3), δ represents karst area terrestrial erosion ratio, and 1-δ represents karst area underground erosion ratio.
Karst area soil erosion coupling model described in claim 1～9 any one administering the underground pollution of estuary in karst area, control soil erosion, the application aspect stony desertification.
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