CN113109541B - Bedrock dyeing tracing method for measuring erosion rate of shale farming - Google Patents
Bedrock dyeing tracing method for measuring erosion rate of shale farming Download PDFInfo
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- CN113109541B CN113109541B CN202010029354.4A CN202010029354A CN113109541B CN 113109541 B CN113109541 B CN 113109541B CN 202010029354 A CN202010029354 A CN 202010029354A CN 113109541 B CN113109541 B CN 113109541B
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- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
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- Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for accurately measuring the erosion rate of shale cultivation in the top area of a purple soil slope. The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a bed rock dyeing tracer method for determining farming erosion in the top area of a purple soil slope is characterized in that a marker post 4 is adopted to determine the position of a base line 3, a rock groove 1 is dug on the slope surface of mother rock, and spray paint is used for dyeing the mother rock at different deep layers of the rock groove 1. After the paint marks 2 are dried, rock pieces 5 with the same size are filled in the rock groove 1, and rock debris migration characteristics and mother rock farming erosion rates of different deep layer positions after purple soil mother rock crushing caused by farming can be accurately measured according to displacement of broken rock with the paint marks 2 in different colors in the down-slope direction after the farming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tracer method for measuring mother rock tillage erosion in the top area of a purple soil slope.
Background
The physical tracing technology is widely applied to farming erosion determination due to the advantages of high determination precision, convenience, rapidness, simple equipment and the like. The soil erosion of the top area of the purple soil slope farmland is serious, and the conditions that the soil at the top of the slope is reduced, the soil layer is thinned and even the parent rock is exposed generally exist along with the increase of the cultivation age. In order to maintain a certain soil layer thickness to maintain basic soil productivity, it is very common that soil is supplemented by broken mud and shale during cultivation. On one hand, the cultivation crushed parent rock supplements soil substances, on the other hand, the crushed parent rock moves along the downhill direction and generates displacement under the action of cultivation traction force and gravity on the slope, and the cultivation erosion phenomenon occurs. The existing gravel tracing method for determining movement of rock debris after mother rock crushing cannot integrate a tracer and the mother rock, and the difference of movement behaviors of the tracer and the rock debris can be caused by the material, the size and the shape of the tracer. The direct tracing of undamaged parent rocks can effectively avoid the problems, but related reports are not found yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a bedrock dyeing tracing method for measuring the erosion rate of shale cultivation.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention aims to provide a bedrock dyeing tracing method for measuring the erosion rate of shale farming, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: drawing up the width of a base line, wherein the base line is perpendicular to the farming direction; fixing marker posts on two sides of the base line to mark initial positions, marking the surface positions of the original parent rocks on the marker posts, and determining a tracing base line;
step two: digging a plurality of rock grooves with fixed length, width and height on the surface of mother rock by using a portable cutting machine, wherein the depth is the same as the preset tillage depth;
step three: different colors of quick-drying self-spraying paint marks which are easy to distinguish from the natural colors of the mother rock are used at different depths along the section of the groove;
step four: digging a rock block with the volume similar to that of a rock groove body of the experimental slope surface on the non-experimental slope surface by using a cutting machine;
step five; after the paint is dried, filling the rock blocks manufactured in the fourth step into the rock groove dug in the second step, and filling gaps with fine soil;
step six: cultivating from a downhill to an upward direction according to a traditional cultivation mode, wherein a cultivation path exceeds a tracing line by at least 20cm;
step seven: taking 3 fresh crushed parent rock samples after cultivation, and measuring the density of the parent rock in a laboratory;
step seven: after the cultivation is finished, carefully digging gravels with paint marks from the lower part of the plot from bottom to top, and recording the paint mark colors, coordinate positions, major axes and minor axes;
step eight: calculating the average displacement of movement of rock debris in different deep layers according to the crushed stones in different colors, and averagely calculating the total displacement caused by single cultivation according to all data;
step nine: tillage erosion rate Q (kgm) of rock debris -1 ) The following formula can be used for calculation;
in the formula: d i Displacement (m), A) down the slope of the ith stone with paint markings i Long axis (m), B) of ith gravel with paint marks i Minor axis (m) for ith gravel with paint marker, ρ is parent rock dry density (kg m) -3 ) And d is the tillage depth (m).
Drawing a base line with the width of 1.2m perpendicular to the tillage direction in the first step;
digging a plurality of rock grooves with fixed length, width and depth on the surface of the mother rock, wherein the depth is the same as the preset tillage depth, and the distances between adjacent rock grooves in the equal-height direction are the same;
marking paints with two colors at the depth of every 2cm in the fifth step at parallel positions, and monitoring the rolling condition of the crushed mother rock and the movement conditions of rock fragments in different deep layers;
fifthly, filling the rock blocks with the length, width and height similar to those of the rock groove excavated in the second step, and filling the rock gaps with fine soil to ensure that the mother rock is stressed and broken to be close to a natural state during marking and farming;
the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to a dyeing tracer method for determining farming erosion in the top area of a purple soil slope, which adopts paints with different colors to mark parent rocks with different depths, and accurately determines the farming erosion rate according to the distance change of gravels with marked colors in the direction vertical to the slope surface. The invention uses the mother rock as the tracer substance, thereby avoiding the errors possibly caused by the aspects of the shape, the material, the size and the like of the tracer. The method mainly solves the problem that the farming erosion amount of the matrix bare area at the top of the purple soil slope is difficult to measure, and can provide scientific basis for evaluating the soil erosion of the matrix bare area at the top of the purple soil slope farmland, supplementing a dynamic balance mechanism, maintaining the productivity of purple soil and the like.
Drawings
The details and methods of use of the present invention are further described in the following examples and figures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bedrock staining tracing method for measuring the erosion rate of shale cultivation.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bedrock staining tracing method for measuring the erosion rate of shale cultivation, a rock groove 1 and a paint mark 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a usage scenario of a bedrock staining tracing method for measuring the erosion rate of shale cultivation at a cultivation depth of 6 cm.
In the figure, 1-rock groove, 2-paint mark, 3-base line, 4-marker post and 5-rock block.
Detailed Description
Fixing a marker post 4 at two sides of the base line 3 to mark an initial position, marking the surface position of the original parent rock on the marker post 4, and determining the base line 3 which is perpendicular to the tillage direction and is 1.2m wide;
digging 5 rock grooves 1 with the length of 6cm, the width of 4cm, the depth of 6cm and the distance of 14cm on the surface of mother rock by using a portable cutting machine;
different colors of quick-drying self-spraying paint which is easy to distinguish from the natural color of the parent rock are used at different depths of the section of the rock groove 1, paint marks 2 are made in parallel positions by using two colors of paint every 2cm of depth, and each inner side surface of each rock groove 1 has 6 paint marks 2;
digging 5 rock blocks 5 with the length of 6cm, the width of 4cm and the height of 6cm on the slope surface close to the non-experiment slope surface by using a cutting machine;
after the paint mark 2 is dried, filling the rock block 5 into the dug rock groove 1, and filling the gap with fine soil;
cultivating from the downhill upwards according to the traditional cultivation mode, wherein the cultivation path exceeds the base line by 3 cm at least;
taking 3 fresh crushed parent rock samples after cultivation, and measuring the density of the parent rock in a laboratory;
after the cultivation is finished, carefully digging the gravels with the paint marks 2 from bottom to top from the lower part of the plot, and recording the paint mark colors, the coordinate positions, the major axis and the minor axis;
the average displacement of the movement of the rock debris in different deep layers can be calculated according to the displacement of the broken stone with the paint mark 2, and the total displacement caused by single cultivation is calculated averagely according to all data;
tillage erosion Rate Q (kg m) of rock debris -1 ) The following formula can be used for calculation;
in the formula: d i Displacement (m), A) down the slope of the ith gravel with paint markings 2 i Major axis (m), B) of the ith stone with paint markings 2 i Minor axis (m) for ith gravel with paint marker 2, ρ is parent rock dry density (kg m) -3 ) And d is the tillage depth (m).
Claims (6)
1. A bedrock dyeing tracing method for measuring the erosion rate of shale cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: drawing up the width of a base line, wherein the base line is perpendicular to the farming direction; fixing marker posts on two sides of the base line to mark initial positions, marking the surface positions of the original parent rocks on the marker posts, and determining a tracing base line;
step two: digging a plurality of rock grooves with fixed length, width and depth on the surface of mother rock by using a portable cutting machine, wherein the depth is the same as the preset tillage depth;
step three: marking different colors of quick-drying self-spraying paint which is easy to distinguish from the natural color of the parent rock at different depths along the left side and the right side of the section of the groove;
step four: digging a rock block with the volume similar to that of a rock groove body of the experimental slope surface on the non-experimental slope surface by using a cutting machine;
step five; after the paint is dried, filling the rock blocks manufactured in the step four into the rock groove dug in the step two, and filling gaps with fine soil;
step six: cultivating from a downhill to an upward direction according to a traditional cultivation mode, wherein a cultivation path exceeds a tracing base line by at least 20cm;
step seven: taking 3 fresh crushed parent rock samples after cultivation, and measuring the density of the parent rock in a laboratory;
step eight: after the cultivation is finished, carefully excavating gravels with paint marks from bottom to top from the lower part of the plot, and recording the paint mark colors, coordinate positions, major axes and minor axes of the gravels;
step nine: and calculating the average displacement of the movement of the rock debris in different deep layers according to the size and the displacement of the crushed stones in different colors, and averagely calculating the total displacement caused by single cultivation according to all data.
2. The matrix staining tracer method for determining the erosion rate of shale cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: step one, the width of a prepared baseline is 1.2m.
3. The matrix staining tracer method for determining the erosion rate of shale cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: and the depth of the rock groove excavated in the second step is determined according to the tillage depth.
4. The matrix staining tracer method for determining the erosion rate of shale cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: and marking the parallel positions with two colors of paint every 2cm in depth in the step five.
5. The matrix staining tracer method for determining the erosion rate of shale cultivation according to claim 1, wherein: and fifthly, the length, width and height of the filled rock blocks are similar to those of the rock groove excavated in the second step.
6. Rate of erosion by farming Q (kg m) of rock debris -1 ) The following equation can be used to calculate:
in the formula: d i Displacement (m), A) down the slope of the ith stone with paint markings i Long axis (m), B) of ith gravel with paint marks i The minor axis (m) of the ith gravel with paint marks, ρ is the parent dry density (kg m) -3 ) And d is the tillage depth (m).
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