CN105954491B - A kind of dual tracer method of gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement - Google Patents
A kind of dual tracer method of gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN105954491B CN105954491B CN201610257943.1A CN201610257943A CN105954491B CN 105954491 B CN105954491 B CN 105954491B CN 201610257943 A CN201610257943 A CN 201610257943A CN 105954491 B CN105954491 B CN 105954491B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dual tracer method of gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement, because the gravel concentration of gravelly soil is very high, big particle diameter gravel can not be sufficiently mixed with magnetic iron powder, the tillage measure of gravelly soil cobble-stone can not only be determined exactly with magnetism tracer method, but only with physical tracing rule can not in Accurate Determining gravelly soil particulate tillage measure, therefore the means that patent of the present invention is combined using physical tracing method with magnetism tracer method calculate the tillage measure of gravelly soil cobble-stone and the tillage measure of particulate respectively, and the tillage measure of gravelly soil caused by average computation goes out farming is weighted according to the percentage of gravelly soil cobble-stone and fine particle content.Being less than actual displacement amount and physical tracing method present invention improves over the tillage erosion displacement of the gravelly soil of Magnetic Tracer method measure in Accurate Determining gravelly soil the shortcomings that the tillage measure of particulate, can not have the characteristics of simple to operate, measure is quick, measurement accuracy is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to measure gravelly soil tillage measure method, more particularly to a kind of the double of gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement to show
Track agent method.
Background technology
Magnetic Tracer technology is convenient fast because its measurement accuracy is high as a kind of method of new measure tillage erosion
The advantages that victory, equipment is simple, and workload is small is widely used in tillage erosion rate determination.Magnetic iron powder as tracer
Main Morphology is fine particulate, high yet with gravelly soil cobble-stone content, and magnetic iron powder can not be sufficiently mixed with gravel, and this can lead
The tillage erosion speed for causing to draw by Magnetic Tracer method is less than the actual tillage erosion speed of gravelly soil.The present invention passes through
The means that magnetism tracer method and physical tracing method are combined, are determined in gravelly soil respectively with magnetism tracer and physical tracer
The tillage erosion amount of particulate and gravel, and with average weighted method calculate gravelly soil tillage erosion speed.Therefore the present invention
Gravelly soil tillage erosion speed can more accurately be determined.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned deficiency, there is provided a kind of dual tracer method of gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme：A kind of the double of gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement show
Track agent method, it is characterised in that：The means combined using Magnetic Tracer method with physical tracing method calculate thin in gravelly soil respectively
The tillage measure of grain and the tillage measure of gravel, and meter is weighted according to the percentage composition of particulate in gravelly soil and gravel
The tillage measure of gravelly soil is calculated, and then calculates tillage erosion speed, is carried out according to the following steps：
A) Soil Slope unit weight to be measured first, is determined with method of digging pit, and with sieve method measure gravelly soil gravel concentration and carefully
Grain content uses P respectively1And P2Represent；
B) trace labelling cell wide 1.00m, long 0.2m, deep 0.2m, are drafted, the long side of cuboid trace labelling cell is vertical
In plowing direction；Length, which is excavated, in area to be determined is slightly larger than 1m, it is wide to be slightly larger than 0.2m, deep 0.2m heatable adobe sleeping platform；The long side of heatable adobe sleeping platform is parallel
In hillside fields contour, the soil dug out is individually stacked, 1.00 × 0.20 × 0.25m for then making plank or metallic plate3
The activity box box of volume is put into heatable adobe sleeping platform；
C), magnetism tracer is using brick and tile slag and cinder after brick and tile kiln calcining, and physical tracer is using the gravel dyed
Block, particle diameter dye the gross weight of gravel block between 2-3kg between 6-13mm；
D) soil for adding the suitable volume of physical tracer sum with magnetism tracer, is first removed, by the gravel and step of dyeing
Suddenly uniformly mixing uniformly mixes the soil dug out in (b) with magnetism tracer again afterwards, is backfilled by the soil weight between farmland on a plateau in frame
In box, and completed in a manner of compacting, then remove the activity box box of surrounding；
E) magnetic intensity of magnetism tracer mark cell before farming, is determined with magnetic susceptibility meter, according still further to traditional farming
Mode starts from downward farming of going up a slope, and tracer area is completely covered in farming path；
F) it is, after farming, a long 60cm, wide 20cm, deep 10~20cm metal frame is small perpendicular to former trace labelling
Area inserts the soil of farming, and insertion depth is defined by tilth；
G), continuously taken along direction of fall from former trace labelling cell base portion using 0.05m or 0.10m as spacing in metal frame
Sample, untill nonmagnetic tracer and dyeing stone distribution, each sample is taken to cross 2mm sieves, wherein less than 2mm particulates
It is put into plastics keg after uniformly mixing and determines magnetic intensity with magnetic susceptibility meter, is picked out in the gravel particle more than 2mm
All dyeing gravels, stone are brought back laboratory and rinsed well, then insert in baking oven and are maintained at 4-5 hours extremely drying at 60 DEG C
After weigh；
H), according to the magnetism tracer and the spatial distribution of physical tracer measured, soil displacement can be calculated as follows
Amount：
In formula：TmTo pass through the total soil displacement (kg/m) of the per unit farming width of cell baseline (x=0)；C(x)It is cultivated
The soil magnetism intensity (× 10 determined after work-5SI the dyeing gravel weight (kg)) or after farming reclaimed；C0To be marked before farming
The soil magnetism intensity (× 10 in area-5SI) or the preceding mark zone of farming handstone weight (kg)；MsCompare matter for the soil of arable layer
Measure (kg/m2)；L is the ultimate range (m) of sampling；
I) the gravelly soil cobble-stone content and fine particle content, measured according to above sieve method is respectively P1And P2, with thing
The tillage measure amount for the gravelly soil cobble-stone that reason trace method measures is Tm1, particulate in the gravelly soil measured with magnetism tracer method
Tillage measure amount is Tm2, then the total soil displacement of per unit farming width of gravelly soil is Tm0For：
Tm0=P1Tm1+P2Tm2
J) tillage erosion speed, is calculated as follows according to soil displacement：
Soil cultivation erosion rate (the t/hm of R single farming2)；Tm0Gravelly soil displacement (kg/m) caused by farming；L gives
Determine the length (m) of slope section.
The dual tracer method of the gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement of the present invention, combined using magnetism tracer and physical tracer
The tillage erosion speed of particulate and gravel in gravelly soil is determined respectively, and the content of particulate and gravel is used as standard using in gravelly soil
Weighted calculation, and then obtain gravelly soil tillage erosion speed.
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be：Present invention improves over ploughing for the gravelly soil of Magnetic Tracer method measure
Make to corrode displacement be less than actual displacement amount and physical tracing method can not in Accurate Determining gravelly soil particulate tillage measure
The shortcomings that, there is the characteristics of simple to operate, measure is quick, measurement accuracy is high.Present invention mainly solves gravelly soil tillage erosion position
Shifting is difficult to the problem of measure, to prevent gravelly soil sloping upland soil erosion, maintain gravelly soil productivity etc. provide science according to
According to.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment.
A kind of dual tracer method of gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement, combined using Magnetic Tracer method with physical tracing method
Means calculate the tillage measure of the tillage measure of particulate and gravel in gravelly soil respectively, and according to particulate in gravelly soil and gravel
The tillage measure of gravelly soil is weighted out in the percentage composition of stone, and then calculates tillage erosion speed, by following step
It is rapid to carry out：
A) Soil Slope unit weight to be measured first, is determined with method of digging pit, and with sieve method measure gravelly soil gravel concentration and carefully
Grain content uses P respectively1And P2Represent；
B) trace labelling cell wide 1.00m, long 0.2m, deep 0.2m, are drafted, the long side of cuboid trace labelling cell is vertical
In plowing direction；Length, which is excavated, in area to be determined is slightly larger than 1m, it is wide to be slightly larger than 0.2m, deep 0.2m heatable adobe sleeping platform；The long side of heatable adobe sleeping platform is parallel
In hillside fields contour, the soil dug out is individually stacked, 1.00 × 0.20 × 0.25m for then making plank or metallic plate3
The activity box box of volume is put into heatable adobe sleeping platform；
C), magnetism tracer is using brick and tile slag and cinder after brick and tile kiln calcining, and physical tracer is using the gravel dyed
Block, particle diameter dye the gross weight of gravel block between 2-3kg between 6-13mm；
D) soil for adding the suitable volume of physical tracer sum with magnetism tracer, is first removed, by the gravel and step of dyeing
Suddenly uniformly mixing uniformly mixes the soil dug out in (b) with magnetism tracer again afterwards, is backfilled by the soil weight between farmland on a plateau in frame
In box, and completed in a manner of compacting, then remove the activity box box of surrounding；
E) magnetic intensity of magnetism tracer mark cell before farming, is determined with magnetic susceptibility meter, according still further to traditional farming
Mode starts from downward farming of going up a slope, and tracer area is completely covered in farming path；
F) it is, after farming, a long 60cm, wide 20cm, deep 10~20cm metal frame is small perpendicular to former trace labelling
Area inserts the soil of farming, and insertion depth is defined by tilth；
G), continuously taken along direction of fall from former trace labelling cell base portion using 0.05m or 0.10m as spacing in metal frame
Sample, untill nonmagnetic tracer and dyeing stone distribution, each sample is taken to cross 2mm sieves, wherein less than 2mm particulates
It is put into plastics keg after uniformly mixing and determines magnetic intensity with magnetic susceptibility meter, is picked out in the gravel particle more than 2mm
All dyeing gravels, stone are brought back laboratory and rinsed well, then insert in baking oven and are maintained at 4-5 hours extremely drying at 60 DEG C
After weigh；
H), according to the magnetism tracer and the spatial distribution of physical tracer measured, soil displacement can be calculated as follows
Amount：
In formula：TmTo pass through the total soil displacement (kg/m) of the per unit farming width of cell baseline (x=0)；C(x)It is cultivated
The soil magnetism intensity (× 10 determined after work-5SI the dyeing gravel weight (kg)) or after farming reclaimed；C0To be marked before farming
The soil magnetism intensity (× 10 in area-5SI) or the preceding mark zone of farming handstone weight (kg)；MsCompare matter for the soil of arable layer
Measure (kg/m2)；L is the ultimate range (m) of sampling；
I) the gravelly soil cobble-stone content and fine particle content, measured according to above sieve method is respectively P1And P2, with thing
The tillage measure amount for the gravelly soil cobble-stone that reason trace method measures is Tm1, particulate in the gravelly soil measured with magnetism tracer method
Tillage measure amount is Tm2, then the total soil displacement of per unit farming width of gravelly soil is Tm0For：
Tm0=P1Tm1+P2Tm2
J) tillage erosion speed, is calculated as follows according to soil displacement：
Soil cultivation erosion rate (the t/hm of R single farming2)；Tm0Gravelly soil displacement (kg/m) caused by farming；L gives
Determine the length (m) of slope section.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalent structure or equivalent flow conversion that bright specification and embodiment content are made, or directly or indirectly it is used in other correlations
Technical field, it is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. dual tracer method of gravelly soil tillage erosion measurement, it is characterised in that：Shown using Magnetic Tracer method with physics The means that track method combines calculate the tillage measure of the tillage measure of particulate and gravel in gravelly soil respectively, and according to gravelly soil The tillage measure of gravelly soil is weighted out in the percentage composition of middle particulate and gravel, and then calculates tillage erosion speed Rate, carry out according to the following steps：A) Soil Slope unit weight to be measured first, is determined with method of digging pit, and is contained with sieve method measure gravelly soil gravel concentration and particulate Amount uses P respectively1And P2Represent；B) trace labelling cell wide 1.00m, long 0.2m, deep 0.2m, are drafted, the long side of cuboid trace labelling cell is perpendicular to cultivated Make direction；Length, which is excavated, in area to be determined is slightly larger than 1m, it is wide to be slightly larger than 0.2m, deep 0.2m heatable adobe sleeping platform；The long side of heatable adobe sleeping platform is parallel to slope Ground contour, the soil dug out is individually stacked, 1.00 × 0.20 × 0.25m for then making plank or metallic plate3Volume Activity box box be put into heatable adobe sleeping platform；C), magnetism tracer is using brick and tile slag and cinder after brick and tile kiln calcining, and physical tracer is using the gravel block of dyeing, grain The gross weight of gravel block is dyed between 2-3kg between 6-13mm in footpath；D) soil for adding the suitable volume of physical tracer sum with magnetism tracer, is first removed, by the gravel of dyeing and step (b) In the soil that digs out uniformly uniformly mixed with magnetism tracer again after mixing, backfilled by the soil weight between farmland on a plateau in frame box, And completed in a manner of compacting, then remove the activity box box of surrounding；E) magnetic intensity of magnetism tracer mark cell before farming, is determined with magnetic susceptibility meter, according still further to traditional tillage method Start from downward farming of going up a slope, tracer area is completely covered in farming path；F), after farming, by a long 60cm, wide 20cm, deep 10~20cm metal frame is inserted perpendicular to former trace labelling cell Enter the soil of farming, insertion depth is defined by tilth；G) using 0.05m or 0.10m it is, spacing along direction of fall continuous sampling from former trace labelling cell base portion in metal frame, Untill nonmagnetic tracer and dyeing stone distribution, each sample is taken to cross 2mm sieves, wherein being put less than 2mm particulates Enter and determine magnetic intensity with magnetic susceptibility meter after uniformly being mixed in plastics keg, institute is picked out in the gravel particle more than 2mm There is dyeing gravel, stone is brought back laboratory and rinsed well, then inserts in baking oven and is maintained at 60 DEG C after 4-5 hours to drying Weigh；H), according to the magnetism tracer and the spatial distribution of physical tracer measured, soil displacement can be calculated as follows：<mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>L</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msub> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow>In formula：TmTo pass through the total soil displacement (kg/m) of the per unit farming width of cell baseline (x=0)；C(x)After farming The soil magnetism intensity (× 10 of measure-5SI the dyeing gravel weight (kg)) or after farming reclaimed；C0For the preceding mark zone of farming Soil magnetism intensity (× 10-5SI) or the preceding mark zone of farming handstone weight (kg)；MsFor the soil specific mass of arable layer (kg/m2)；L is the ultimate range (m) of sampling；I) the gravelly soil cobble-stone content and fine particle content, measured according to above sieve method is respectively P1And P2, show with physics The tillage measure amount for the gravelly soil cobble-stone that track method measures is Tm1, the farming of particulate in the gravelly soil measured with magnetism tracer method Displacement is Tm2, then the total soil displacement of per unit farming width of gravelly soil is Tm0For：Tm0=P1Tm1+P2Tm2J) tillage erosion speed, is calculated as follows according to soil displacement：<mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mfrac> </mrow>Soil cultivation erosion rate (the t/hm of R single farming2)；Tm0Gravelly soil displacement (kg/m) caused by farming；L gives slope The length (m) of section.
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| CN107860891B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-03-31 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Physical tracing method for measuring displacement flux of shale farming |
| CN110794114B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-09-28 | 河海大学 | Method for measuring sand conveying rate of pebble bed ballast on basis of electromagnetic induction principle |
| CN113109541B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Bedrock dyeing tracing method for measuring erosion rate of shale farming |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| Assessment of tillage translocation and tillage erosion by hoeing on the steep land in hilly areas of Sichuan,China;J.H.Zhang 等;《soil & tillage research》;20041231;第75卷;第99-107页 * |
| Discovery of the first Quaternary maar in the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe,based on combined geophysical and geological surveys;J.Mrlina 等;《journal of volcanology and geothermal research》;20091231;第182卷;第97-112页 * |
| 岩溶山区土壤耕作侵蚀研究——以重庆市中梁山为例;傅瓦利 等;《中国岩溶》;20060630;第25卷(第2期);第152-156页 * |
| 潮滩底移质泥沙运动磁性示踪试验及问题;徐孝彬 等;《南京师大学报(自然科学版)》;19961231;第19卷(第3期);第85-87页 * |
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