CN1974726A - 用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂及催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法 - Google Patents
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂及催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1974726A CN1974726A CNA2006101627580A CN200610162758A CN1974726A CN 1974726 A CN1974726 A CN 1974726A CN A2006101627580 A CNA2006101627580 A CN A2006101627580A CN 200610162758 A CN200610162758 A CN 200610162758A CN 1974726 A CN1974726 A CN 1974726A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- catalytically cracked
- cracked gasoline
- desulfurization catalyst
- catalyst
- catalytic cracking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 22
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 19
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 sulphur compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGQIWUQTCOJGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].Cl Chemical compound [AlH3].Cl MGQIWUQTCOJGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDTUSPNGYPXVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B+]=O.[O-2].[Al+3].[O-2] Chemical compound [B+]=O.[O-2].[Al+3].[O-2] FDTUSPNGYPXVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZKRXZOLGLXXMEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Si](=O)=O ZKRXZOLGLXXMEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000207 volumetry Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
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- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
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- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
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- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- B01J37/22—Halogenating
- B01J37/24—Chlorinating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
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- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
- C10G2300/104—Light gasoline having a boiling range of about 20 - 100 °C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
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Abstract
本发明的目的为提供在除去汽油馏分的硫成分方面显示高脱硫活性、并且裂化活性高的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,所述催化剂在多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子中含有以V2O5计在0.3~3wt%范围内的平均粒径在0.1~10μm范围内的粒子状氧化钒。另外,多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子由结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石与多孔无机氧化物基质构成,还含有锑。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂及使用该脱硫催化剂的催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法。具体而言,由于在流化催化裂化装置(下面简写为FCC装置)中催化裂化重质烃油或减压轻油时生成的催化裂化汽油中含有硫成分,故本发明涉及用于在FCC装置中除去该催化裂化汽油中含有的硫成分的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂。
背景技术
重质烃油或减压轻油经流化催化裂化得到的催化裂化汽油中含有硫化合物,但是,最近考虑到大气污染等环境问题,除去汽车尾气中含有的NOX的催化剂因硫中毒而活性急剧下降,故要求降低催化裂化汽油中的硫成分。日本从2004年末开始规定汽油中的硫含量小于等于50ppm,迄今为止提出了各种在FCC装置中使用催化剂除去催化裂化汽油中含有的硫成分的脱硫方法。
例如,专利第3545652号公报(专利文献1)公开了一种降低硫含量的方法,该方法使液体的催化裂化得到的石油馏分的硫含量降低,包括利用流化催化裂化条件,在降低成品油硫含量的催化剂的存在下,将含有有机硫化合物的石油进料馏分(feed fraction)在高温下进行催化裂化的工序,该降低成品油硫含量的催化剂为多孔性分子筛,分子筛的内部小孔结构内含有氧化态高于零的钒金属,钒金属作为在筛的小孔内被交换的阳离子种导入,从而制造硫含量降低的液体裂化产品。
但是,存在下述问题,由于该降低成品油硫含量的催化剂在分子筛的内部小孔结构内含有氧化态高于零的钒金属,钒金属作为在筛的小孔内被交换的阳离子种导入,因此钒金属破坏了分子筛的结晶结构,故石油进料馏分的催化裂化能力下降。
另外,特开2003-27065号公报(专利文献2)公开了催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法,其特征在于,流化催化裂化装置或重油流化催化裂化装置中的原料油催化裂化步骤,使用含有在无机多孔体中均匀地载带选自钒、锌、镍、铁及钴中的至少一种金属形成的催化剂的催化裂化脱硫催化剂,从生成的汽油馏分的脱硫方面考虑优选使用钒或锌。
但是,在无机多孔体中均匀地含有钒的催化剂由于与硫化合物的亲和力弱,故脱硫活性低,期待进一步地改善。并且,存在下述问题:对于无机多孔体含有Y型沸石的流化催化裂化催化剂(以下简写为FCC催化剂),在重质烃油的流化催化裂化中,虽然有除去汽油馏分的硫成分的效果,但是由于Y型沸石被钒破坏,因此导致裂化活性降低,氢、焦炭的生成增加。
[专利文献1]专利第3545652号公报
[专利文献2]特开2003-27065号公报
发明内容
本发明的目的为解决上述问题,提供一种用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,所述催化剂在重质烃油或减压轻油的流化催化裂化中,在除去汽油馏分的硫成分中显示了高脱硫性能,且裂化活性高,抑制氢、焦炭生成。
另外,本发明提供使用该脱硫催化剂的催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法。
本发明人等为了实现上述目的,进行了深入的研究,发现含有粒子状态的氧化钒的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂在重质烃油或减压轻油的流化催化裂化中,不仅汽油馏分的脱硫性能高,而且裂化活性高,还抑制氢、焦炭生成,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂特征在于,在多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子中含有粒子状氧化钒。
上述粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径优选在0.1~10μm的范围内。
上述粒子状氧化钒的含量以V2O5计优选在0.3~3wt%的范围内。
上述多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子优选还含有锑。
上述多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子优选由结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石和多孔无机氧化物基质构成。
本发明的催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法特征在于,在催化裂化条件下使重质烃油及/或减压轻油与以5/95~50/50的重量比混合上述用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂与烃流化催化裂化催化剂得到的混合催化剂相接触,同时进行催化裂化反应和脱硫反应。
本发明的催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,由于氧化钒以粒子状存在于多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子中,故氧化钒对有机硫化合物的亲和力高,显示高脱硫活性。
并且,含有结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石的FCC催化剂以多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子加以使用时,由于氧化钒以粒子状存在,因此在FCC装置内的使用中的氧化钒向催化剂粒子内的扩散少,不会发生氧化钒引起的对结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石结晶的破坏,故裂化活性高,抑制氢、焦炭的生成。
另外,除氧化钒之外还含有锑的本发明催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,锑对硫化合物具有高氢化裂化能力,且具有通过抑制脱氢反应而抑制氢生成的效果。
具体实施方式
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂
本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂的特征在于,在多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子中含有粒子状氧化钒。
作为氧化钒,可以举出V2O5、V2O3、VO2、VO等,V2O5(五氧化钒)由于脱硫活性高而特别优选。
上述粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径优选在0.1~10μm的范围内。该粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径小于0.1μm时,由于与均匀地载带氧化钒的情况相接近,因而无法得到较高的脱硫活性。并且,该用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂由于与FCC催化剂一起在FCC装置内于400~800℃的高温下使用,因此该用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂中含有的氧化钒熔融并移动,进入沸石的细孔内导致沸石的结晶被破坏。
另外,上述粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径大于10μm时,汽油用脱硫催化剂的耐磨耗性变差。
上述粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径较优选在0.5~7μm、更优选在1~5μm的范围内。
本发明中,汽油用脱硫催化剂中的粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径为从由扫描型电子显微镜(SEM:Scanning Electron Microscope)得到的反射电子图像中的至少5处图像中测定100个以上氧化钒粒子的最大粒径而求得的平均值。需要说明的是,由于作为上述粒子状氧化钒使用的粒子状氧化钒或在汽油用脱硫催化剂的使用温度下转化为氧化钒的偏钒酸铵等粒子状钒化合物的平均粒径与汽油用脱硫催化剂中的粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径一致,故汽油用脱硫催化剂中的粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径可以用所使用的粒子状钒化合物的平均粒径表示。
另外,多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子可以采用与在重质烃油或减压轻油的流化催化裂化装置中使用的通常的流化催化裂化催化剂大小相同的微小球状粒子,具体地列举平均粒径为40~90μm范围的微小球状粒子。
现有的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂由于在多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子中均匀地含有氧化钒,故与硫化合物的亲和力弱,脱硫活性差。
然而,本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂由于氧化钒呈粒子状含在多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子中,因此氧化钒对有机硫化合物的亲和力大,故可以选择性地脱硫。
另外,在为上述多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子含有下面所述的结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石的FCC催化剂的情况下,由于结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石的结晶未被氧化钒破坏,故裂化活性高,并抑制氢、焦炭的生成。
本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂中上述粒子状氧化钒的含量以V2O5计优选在0.3~3wt%的范围内。该含量小于0.3wt%时,在重质烃油或减压轻油的流化催化裂化中,除去汽油馏分中的硫成分的脱硫性能低下,另外,该含量高于3wt%时,虽然提高除去汽油馏分中的硫成分的脱硫性能,但是,会增加氢、焦炭的生成,并有降低汽油馏分收率的倾向。上述钒的含量以V2O5计更优选在0.5~2wt%的范围内。
另外,本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂优选在多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子中除上述氧化钒以外还含有锑。通过除氧化钒之外还含有锑,可以在重质烃油或减压轻油的流化催化裂化中,增加抑制氢、焦炭生成的效果,提高汽油馏分的收率。推断氢生成变少的原因在于锑与部分钒生成SbVO4、Sb2VO5、Sb0.9V0.1O4等化合物,抑制钒引起的脱氢反应。
锑的含量根据催化剂基准以Sb2O3计优选在0.3~5wt%、更优选在0.5~4wt%的范围内。
本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂除上述氧化钒之外还可以含有通常作为用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂使用的锌、镍、铁、钴等金属。
本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂通常可以使用在流化催化裂化催化剂中使用的无机氧化物微小球状粒子。
作为多孔无机氧化物,例如可以举出Y型沸石、超稳Y型沸石(USY)、X型沸石、丝光沸石、β-沸石、ZSM型沸石等结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石;二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化镁、氧化铝-氧化硼、二氧化钛、氧化锆、二氧化硅-氧化锆、硅酸钙、铝酸钙等耐火氧化物;高岭土、膨润土、埃洛石(halloysite)等粘土矿物等。
本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂特别优选由Y型沸石、超稳Y型沸石、ZSM-5等结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石与无机氧化物基质形成。作为该无机氧化物基质优选含有二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化铝等作为粘合材料发挥作用的耐火氧化物、高岭土等粘土矿物,以及根据需要含有的适量的含水微粉硅酸、氧化铝粉末或金属捕捉剂。
上述结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石的含量以催化剂为基准计优选在5~50wt%的范围内。该结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石与通常的催化裂化催化剂的情况相同,以用选自氢、铵及多价金属中的至少1种阳离子进行离子交换得到的形态使用。
特别是在重质烃油或减压轻油的流化催化裂化装置中使用的通常的含有结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石的流化催化裂化催化剂中,优选使用由含有上述粒子状氧化钒的多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子形成的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂。
本发明的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂可以与通常的流化催化裂化用催化剂的制造方法相同地进行制备。例如,喷雾干燥下述混合物,所述混合物为上述平均粒径在0.1~10μm范围内的粒子状氧化钒或经烧成成为氧化钒的粒子状偏钒酸铵等、上述超稳Y型沸石、含有硅溶胶、高岭土、含水微粉硅酸及氧化铝水合物的无机氧化物基质前体的混合物,清洗得到的微小球状粒子,干燥,在约500~700℃的温度下烧成。需要说明的是,烧成可以在流化催化裂化装置的再生塔中、在催化剂的再生条件下进行。另外,微小球状粒子的平均粒径优选在40~90μm的范围内。
上述用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂除粒子状氧化钒以外还含有锑时,例如,将上述用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂混合于在盐酸水溶液中溶解氯化锑得到的水溶液,用氢氧化钠中和,经脱水、干燥,根据需要进行烧成加以制备。
催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法
本发明的催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法为在催化裂化条件下使重质烃油及/或减压轻油接触混合了上述催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂与FCC催化剂的混合催化剂,同时进行催化裂化反应和脱硫反应。
作为FCC催化剂,可以使用通常市售的烃类流化催化裂化催化剂,含有八面沸石型沸石的FCC催化剂由于裂化活性高而特别优选使用。含有八面沸石型沸石的FCC催化剂例如可以举出下述催化剂等:所述催化剂含有10~50wt%硅铝比为5~6的八面沸石型沸石(USY)、15~20wt%作为粘合材料的二氧化硅、0~20wt%活性氧化铝、0~10wt%金属捕捉剂、25~65wt%高岭土。
作为上述FCC催化剂,可以列举ACZ、DCT、STW、BLC、HMR(均是触媒化成工业株式会社制的FCC催化剂的商标或注册商标)等。另外,作为本发明中的FCC催化剂,可以使用FCC装置中用于烃油催化裂化反应的上述FCC催化剂的平衡催化剂。
上述混合催化剂中,催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂与FCC催化剂的混合比以重量比计在5/95~50/50的范围内。催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂的混合比小于5/95重量比时,由于脱硫催化剂的量少而无法充分除去汽油馏分中的硫成分,另外,催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂的混合比大于50/50重量比时,裂化活性下降,汽油收率下降。
上述催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂与FCC催化剂的混合比优选在10/90~30/70重量比的范围内。
本发明的催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法是在FCC装置中、在催化裂化条件下使重质烃油及/或减压轻油接触上述混合催化剂,同时进行催化裂化反应与脱硫反应。作为催化裂化条件,可以采用目前本领域常用的催化裂化条件,作为催化裂化温度,例如为约400~600℃,作为再生温度,例如为约500~800℃的范围。
通过下面给出的实施例更加具体地说明本发明,但本发明并不限定于此。
[制造例1]
粒子状偏钒酸铵悬浊液α
向643g偏钒酸铵(鹿岛北共制)中加入857g纯水,得到以V2O5计浓度为30wt%的悬浊液。将得到的悬浊液充分搅拌后,用超微磨碎机粉碎1小时,调制粒子状偏钒酸铵悬浊液α。
使用粒度分析计(堀场制作所制,CAPP-700)测定该悬浊液α的偏钒酸铵的平均粒径,结果平均粒径为2.1μm。
[制造例2]
粒子状偏钒酸铵悬浊液β
向643g偏钒酸铵(鹿岛北共制)中加入857g纯水,得到以V2O5计浓度为30wt%的悬浊液。将得到的悬浊液充分搅拌后,用超微磨碎机粉碎10小时,调制粒子状偏钒酸铵悬浊液β。使用粒度分析计(堀场制作所制,CAPP-700)测定该悬浊液β的偏钒酸铵的平均粒径,结果平均粒径为1.2μm。
[制造例3]
粒子状偏钒酸铵悬浊液γ
向643g偏钒酸铵(鹿岛北共制)中加入857g纯水,得到以V2O5计浓度为30wt%的悬浊液。将得到的悬浊液充分搅拌后,用超微磨碎机粉碎0.5小时,调制粒子状偏钒酸铵悬浊液γ。使用粒度分析计(堀场制作所制,CAPP-700)测定该悬浊液γ的偏钒酸铵的平均粒径,结果平均粒径为4.1μm。
[制造例4]
粒子状偏钒酸铵悬浊液δ
向643g偏钒酸铵(鹿岛北共制)中加入857g纯水,得到以V2O5计浓度为30wt%的悬浊液。将得到的悬浊液充分搅拌后,调制粒子状偏钒酸铵悬浊液δ。使用粒度分析计(堀场制作所制,CAPP-700)测定该悬浊液δ的偏钒酸铵的平均粒径,结果平均粒径为6.5μm。
[制造例5]
FCC催化剂a
向1609g Al2O3浓度为23.3wt%的碱性氯化铝(铝氢氯化物,下面称为AHC)溶液中加入1125g高岭土、125g活性氧化铝、875g超稳Y型沸石浆液,调制混合浆液。喷雾干燥该混合浆液,调制微小球状粒子后,清洗至Na2O含量为0.5wt%以下,在135℃的干燥机内干燥,调制FCC催化剂a。FCC催化剂a的催化剂组成为15wt%来自AHC溶液的Al2O3、45wt%高岭土、5wt%活性氧化铝、35wt%超稳Y型沸石。
FCC催化剂a的性状如表1所示。
[实施例1]
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂A
为了使Al2O3浓度按催化剂组合物基准达到15wt%,向1609gAl2O3浓度为23.3wt%的AHC溶液中加入25g制造例1的悬浊液α、1100g高岭土、125g活性氧化铝、875g超稳Y型沸石浆液使其按催化剂组合物基准分别达到1wt%、44wt%、5wt%、35wt%,得到混合浆液。喷雾干燥该混合浆液,调制微小球状粒子后,清洗至Na2O含量达到0.5wt%以下,在135℃的干燥机内干燥,调制用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂A。
另外,对将部分用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂A在600℃下烧成2小时得到的试料,从用扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)得到的反射电子图像中的10个图像中测定100个氧化钒粒子的最大粒径,求得的平均粒径为2.1μm。
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂A的性状如表1所示。
[实施例2]
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂B
为了使Al2O3浓度按催化剂组合物基准达到15wt%,向1609gAl2O3浓度为23.3wt%的AHC溶液中加入25g制造例2的悬浊液β、1100g高岭土、125g活性氧化铝、875g超稳Y型沸石浆液使其按催化剂组合物基准分别达到1wt%、44wt%、5wt%、35wt%,得到混合浆液。喷雾干燥该混合浆液,调制微小球状粒子后,清洗至Na2O含量达到0.5wt%以下,在135℃的干燥机内干燥,调制用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂B。
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂B的性状如表1所示。
[实施例3]
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂C
为了使Al2O3浓度按催化剂组合物基准达到15wt%,向1609gAl2O3浓度为23.3wt%的AHC溶液中加入25g制造例3的悬浊液γ、1100g高岭土、125g活性氧化铝、875g超稳Y型沸石浆液使其按催化剂组合物基准分别达到1wt%、44wt%、5wt%、35wt%,得到混合浆液。喷雾干燥该混合浆液,调制微小球状粒子后,清洗至Na2O含量达到0.5wt%以下,在135℃的干燥机内干燥,调制用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂C。
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂C的性状如表1所示。
[实施例4]
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂D
为了使Al2O3浓度按催化剂组合物基准达到15wt%,向1609gAl2O3浓度为23.3wt%的AHC溶液中加入25g制造例4的悬浊液δ、1100g高岭土、125g活性氧化铝、875g超稳Y型沸石浆液使其按催化剂组合物基准分别达到1wt%、44wt%、5wt%、35wt%,得到混合浆液。喷雾干燥该混合浆液,调制微小球状粒子后,清洗至Na2O含量达到0.5wt%以下,在135℃的干燥机内干燥,调制用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂D。
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂D的性状如表1所示。
[实施例5]
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂E
为了使Al2O3浓度以催化剂组合物基准达到15wt%,向1609gAl2O3浓度为23.3wt%的AHC溶液中加入25g制造例1的悬浊液α、25g Sb2O5溶胶(伯东社制)、1075g高岭土、125g活性氧化铝、875g超稳Y型沸石浆液使其按催化剂组合物基准准分别达到1wt%、1wt%、43wt%、5wt%、35wt%,得到混合浆液。喷雾干燥该混合浆液,调制微小球状粒子后,清洗至Na2O含量达到0.5wt%以下,在135℃的干燥机内干燥,调制用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂E。
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂E的性状如表1所示。
[比较例1]
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂b
用165.0g胺的水溶液溶解6.4g偏钒酸铵。使495.0g(以干燥品计)制造例5的FCC催化剂a含浸该溶液,在135℃下干燥12小时,然后在600℃下烧成2小时,调制载带五氧化钒的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂b。
从电子探针(probe)微小部分分析装置(WDS)的线分析结果确认了五氧化钒被均匀地载带在用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂b的内部。
用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂b的性状如表1所示。
[表1]
催化剂A~E、a、b的性状
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 制造例5 | 比较例1 | |
催化剂No.烧成减量 wt%(1000℃-1h)耐磨耗性残留Na2O wt%残留SO4 wt%Al2O3 wt%V2O5 wt%V2O5平均粒径 μmSb2O3 wt%松装密度 g/ml比表面积 m2/g耐磨性 wt%/h | A18.30.42.147.71.162.1-0.682500.1 | B18.50.42.147.50.981.2-0.682520.1 | C18.00.42.147.31.044.1-0.682500.2 | D18.10.42.147.51.126.5-0.672440.4 | E18.80.42.147.21.082.11.210.692480.1 | a18.00.42.148.1---0.682550.1 | b4.50.42.147.50.98--0.682500.1 |
[实施例6]
用试验性(pilot)反应装置进行实施例l~5的催化剂A~E及比较例1的催化剂b的活性评价。该试验性反应装置为催化剂在装置内边循环边交替重复进行反应与催化剂再生的循环式流化床,模拟以商业规模使用的烃油的FCC装置。
各催化剂在反应前在100%蒸汽气氛中、在750℃下烧成13小时,进行蒸汽处理。向2kg FCC平衡催化剂中混合10wt%该蒸汽处理得到的催化剂,投入上述反应装置中进行原料油的催化裂化反应。
反应条件如下:
原料油:脱硫减压轻油
反应温度:500℃
催化剂/原料油比:7g/g
原料油供给速度:10g/min
CRC(再生催化剂中的碳浓度):0.05wt%
另外,使用气相色谱法进行生成气体及生成油的分析,汽油为在C5~204℃的沸点范围内得到的生成油。
得到的生成油通过旋转带(理论塔板数为45,东科精器)法,分馏为汽油和循环油,用电量滴定法(ASTM D-3120)分析汽油中的硫浓度。
催化剂/原料油比为7g/g时的各生成物收率及汽油中的硫浓度如表2所示。
[表2]
催化剂A~E、b的活性评价
平衡催化剂单独 | 实施例 | 比较例 | |||||
A | B | C | D | E | b | ||
转化率 wt% | 74.3 | 73.5 | 74.2 | 74.0 | 73.8 | 74.3 | 72.7 |
氢 wt% | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.23 |
C1+C2+C2= *5) wt% | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
LPG*1) wt% | 14.5 | 13.8 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 15.4 |
汽油*2) wt% | 54.8 | 54.2 | 55.1 | 54.8 | 54.7 | 55.2 | 50.1 |
LCO*3) wt% | 18.4 | 18.8 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 18.7 | 18.4 | 18.3 |
HCO*4) wt% | 7.3 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 8.8 |
焦炭 wt% | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 5.5 |
汽油的辛烷价 | 92.1 | 92.0 | 91.9 | 91.8 | 92.0 | 92.0 | 92.1 |
汽油中的硫浓度 wt-ppm | 20 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 16 |
(表2的注释)
*1)LPG(液化石油气)中含有丙烷、丙烯、正丁烷、异丁烷、丁烯。
*2)汽油为C5~沸点204℃的馏分。
*3)LCO(轻质循环油)为沸点204℃~343℃的馏分。
*4)HCO(重质循环油)为沸点高于343℃的馏分。
*5)C1表示甲烷,C2表示乙烷,C2=表示乙烯。
Claims (6)
1、一种用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,其特征在于,在多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子中含有粒子状氧化钒。
2、如权利要求1所述的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,其特征在于,所述粒子状氧化钒的平均粒径在0.1~10μm的范围内。
3、如权利要求2所述的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,其特征在于,所述粒子状氧化钒的含量以V2O5计在0.3~3wt%的范围内。
4、如权利要求1~3中的任一项所述的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,其特征在于,所述多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子含有锑。
5、如权利要求1~4中的任一项所述的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂,其特征在于,所述多孔无机氧化物微小球状粒子由结晶性硅铝酸盐沸石和多孔无机氧化物基质构成。
6、一种催化裂化汽油的脱硫方法,其特征在于,在催化裂化条件下使重质烃油及/或减压轻油与以5/95~50/50的重量比混合权利要求1~5中的任一项所述的用于催化裂化汽油的脱硫催化剂与烃类流化催化裂化催化剂得到的混合催化剂相接触,同时进行催化裂化反应和脱硫反应。
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