CN1947552A - 一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1947552A CN1947552A CNA2006101544963A CN200610154496A CN1947552A CN 1947552 A CN1947552 A CN 1947552A CN A2006101544963 A CNA2006101544963 A CN A2006101544963A CN 200610154496 A CN200610154496 A CN 200610154496A CN 1947552 A CN1947552 A CN 1947552A
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
本发明涉及一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料及其制备方法，其各组分的重量百分比采用：鱼粉30－45，豆粕10－20，花生粕5－10，面粉25－35，乌贼膏3－5，鱼油1－2，磷脂油1－3，氯化胆碱0.2－0.4，复合维生素0.1－0.2，复合矿物质1－3，脱壳素0.1－0.3，免疫多糖0.1－0.3，抗氧化剂0.02－0.04，防霉剂0.03－0.05；上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100％。由本发明白对虾虾苗饲料配方制成的配合饲料对南美白对虾适口性好，耐水泡时间长，消化好，饲养的南美白对虾生长速度快，成活率高，饲料浪费少，水污染小，饲料系数低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一虾类饲料，更涉及南美白对虾(penaeus vanname)虾苗的饲料配方，本发明还涉及该饲料配方制成南美白对虾虾苗配合饲料的方法。
背景技术
南美白对虾，学名凡纳对虾，是世界养殖虾类产量最高的三大种类之一，原分布于中、南美洲、太平洋亚南水域。因其壳薄体肥、肉质鲜嫩，营养丰富而深受消费者青睐，养殖量逐年增加。尤其是南美白对虾的淡化养殖之后，打破了地域的限制，养殖范围逐步从沿海扩展到内陆，养殖面积随着人民消费水平的提高而大幅度增加。南美白对虾为抱食，摄食时间长，所以对饲料的要求耐浸泡、沉底、软而不散、营养物质不易散失，对于对虾苗，要求更高。而现今南美白对虾饲料主要使用黏合剂以增加饲料颗粒的粘结性，导致颗粒过硬、软化慢，对虾苗吃食困难，消化不良造成生长不均匀，结果浪费了饲料，污染了水质，对虾苗成活率低，养殖成本高。因此，饲料问题成了制约南美白对虾苗虾时期人工养殖的一个关键问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种南美白对虾虾苗饲料的配方。
为了解决上述技术问题：本发明的南美白对虾虾苗饲料配方各组分的重量百分比采用：鱼粉30-45，豆粕10-20，花生粕5-10，面粉25-35，乌贼膏3-5，鱼油1-2，磷脂油1-3，氯化胆碱0.2-0.4，复合维生素0.1-0.2，复合矿物质1-3，脱壳素0.1-0.3，免疫多糖0.1-0.3，抗氧化剂0.02-0.04，防霉剂0.03-0.05；上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100％。
为了解决上述技术问题：本发明南美白对虾虾苗饲料配方最佳配方各组分的重量百分比采用：鱼粉34，豆粕17.8，花生粕10，面粉25，乌贼膏5，鱼油2，磷脂油2.2，氯化胆碱0.3，复合维生素0.2，复合矿物质3，脱壳素0.12，免疫多糖0.3，抗氧化剂0.03，防霉剂0.05。
所述南美白对虾虾苗饲料配方中每公斤的复合维生素含量：维生素A 800万IU，维生素D3 200万IU，维生素E 55g，维生素K3 12g，维生素B1 5g，维生素B2 15g，维生素B6 10g，维生素B12 20mg，维生素H 80mg，烟酸40g，泛酸钙25g，叶酸2.5g，肌醇150g，单磷酸脂300g，余者为脱脂米糠。
所述南美白对虾虾苗饲料配方中每公斤的复合矿物质含量：钙0.6g，磷0.8g，钾90g，镁12g，铁1.0g，锌10g，铜3.0g，钴160mg，碘60mg，硒3.6mg，余者为沸石粉。
所述脱壳素可采用胆固醇。
所述抗氧化剂可采用二丁基羟基甲苯或丁基羟基茴香醚。
所述防霉剂可采用苯甲酸钠或山梨酸钠。
所述免疫多糖为β-葡聚糖、甘露寡糖果寡糖、低聚异麦芽糖的混合物。
上述南美白对虾虾苗饲料配方中，所述鱼粉，其粗蛋白质的含量达到63％以上，所述豆粕，其粗蛋白质的含量达到44％以上。
配方中：鱼粉是优质的蛋白饲料原料，氨基酸组成平衡，适口性好，易消化吸收，是水产饲料必需的蛋白源；豆粕是大豆经过压榨、浸提后的副产品，是植物蛋白中最为优质的蛋白原料，适口性好，在特种水产饲料中用植物蛋白代替动物蛋白，用以降低成本；面粉起到粘合剂和提供能量的作用，对于白对虾饲料的含粉率、粉化率、水中稳定性有至关作用；乌贼膏是用乌贼鱼及其内脏为原料，经处理，发酵、杀菌后烘干制成的膏体，对白对虾有强烈的诱食作用，提高饲料的适口性和利用率，富含的固醇类蜕壳刺激素，有效促进甲壳类动物蜕壳，含丰富蛋白质且氨基酸组成平衡，是优质的蛋白源，但因价格高和镉含量常超标而限制其用量，也是必须原料之一；鱼油成份主要是甘油三脂、磷甘油醚、类脂、脂溶性维生素及蛋白质降解物等，是高能物质之一，在饲料中提供能量和必须的脂肪酸，且鱼腥味对白对虾有良好的诱食效果；氯化胆碱，是肌体维持生理机能必须的分子化合物，起到调节脂肪代谢和转化，预防脂肪肝和肾脏中的脂肪沉积及组织转变的作用；复合维生素和复合矿物质为机体进行正常生理代谢所必需的营养物质；抗氧化剂和防霉剂的作用是防止或者减缓饲料在生产加工和储存过程中氧化、霉变。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是：提供该饲料配方制成南美白对虾配合饲料的方法，上述各组分制成本饲料的制备方法如下：
1、按白对虾虾苗饲料配方各组分重量百分比的要求称取氯化胆碱，复合维生素、复合矿物质、脱壳素、免疫多糖、抗氧化剂、防霉剂进行预混合；
2、按白对虾虾苗饲料配方各组分重量百分比的要求称取鱼粉、豆粕、花生粕、面粉、乌贼膏，磷脂油；
3、第1步物料和第2步物料混合后，将混合物进行粉碎；
4、粉碎后的物料送入超微粉碎机粉碎；
5、粉碎后的物料加入鱼油和1.5-2.0kg水，同时进行混合；
6、把混合后的物料送入待制粒仓，通过双层调质机，加入蒸汽，制粒机将混合物制成饲料颗粒；
7、饲料颗粒在稳定熟化器中保持100-105℃的温度45分钟；
8、用冷风脱水、冷却，颗粒温度降至室温；
9、将颗粒通过破碎机后，流入旋震筛分级，标准筛32目和22目间的碎粒料即为南美白对虾虾苗配合饲料。
由本发明的南美白对虾虾苗饲料配方制成的配合饲料对南美白对虾适口性好，耐水泡时间长，消化好，饲养的南美白对虾生长速度快，成活率高，饲料浪费少，水污染小，饲料系数低。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
按下述重量百分比称取各原料：
鱼粉34，豆粕17.8，花生粕10，面粉25，乌贼膏5，鱼油2，磷脂油2.2，氯化胆碱0.3，复合维生素0.2，复合矿物质3，脱壳素0.12，免疫多糖0.3，抗氧化剂0.03，防霉剂0.05。
上述免疫多糖采用广州省农科院畜牧研究所的特免王。
按以下步骤制备：
1、取氯化胆碱，复合维生素，复合矿物质，脱壳素，免疫多糖，抗氧化剂，防霉剂，进行预混合；
2、取鱼粉，豆粕，花生粕，面粉，乌贼膏，磷脂油；
3、第1步物料和第2步物料混合后，将混合物进行粉碎；
4、粉碎后的物料送入超微粉碎机粉碎，粉碎细度达到标准筛80目通过95％以上；
5、粉碎后的物料加入鱼油和2.0kg水，同时进行混合；
6、把混合后的物料送入待制粒仓，通过双层调质机，加入蒸汽，制粒机将混合物制成粒径1.3mm的饲料颗粒，长度是粒径的1-2倍；
7、料颗粒在稳定熟化器中保持100-105℃的温度45分钟；
8、冷风脱水、冷却，使颗粒含水量为10-11％左右，颗粒温度降至室温；
9、颗粒通过破碎机后，流入旋震筛分级，标准筛32目和22目间的碎粒料即为南美白对虾虾苗配合饲料。
实施例2：
按下述重量百分比称取各原料，其制备方法与实施例1相同。
鱼粉38，豆粕19，花生粕7，面粉25.3，乌贼膏4，鱼油1.5，磷脂油2.0，氯化胆碱0.3，复合维生素0.15，复合矿物质2.3，脱壳素0.2，免疫多糖0.18，抗氧化剂0.03，防霉剂0.04。
实施例3：
按下述重量百分比称取各原料，其制备方法与实施例1相同
鱼粉44，豆粕11，花生粕5，面粉31.8，乌贼膏3，鱼油1，磷脂油1.5，氯化胆碱0.23，复合维生素0.1，复合矿物质2，脱壳素0.15，免疫多糖 0.15，抗氧化剂 0.03，防霉剂 0.04。
由本发明的南美白对虾虾苗饲料配方制成的配合饲料，在江苏、浙江、上海等地方经过推广应用，对南美白对虾适口性好，耐水泡时间长，消化好，饲养的南美白对虾生长速度快，成活率高，饲料浪费少，水污染小，饲料系数低。
Claims (6)
1、一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料，其特征在于它由以下组分组成(按重量百分比)：鱼粉30-45，豆粕10-20，花生粕5-10，面粉25-35，乌贼膏3-5，鱼油1-2，磷脂油1-3，氯化胆碱0.2-0.4，复合维生素0.1-0.2，复合矿物质1-3，脱壳素0.1-0.3，免疫多糖0.1-0.3，抗氧化剂0.02-0.04，防霉剂0.03-0.05；上述各组分的重量百分比之和为100％。
2、如权利要求1所述的一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料，其中个组分的用量为：鱼粉34，豆粕17.8，花生粕10，面粉25，乌贼膏5，鱼油2，磷脂油2.2，氯化胆碱0.3，复合维生素0.2，复合矿物质3，脱壳素0.12，免疫多糖0.3，抗氧化剂0.03，防霉剂0.05。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料，其特征在于：每公斤的复合维生素含量：维生素A 800万IU，维生素D3 200万IU，维生素E 55g，维生素K3 12g，维生素B1 5g，维生素B215g，维生素B6 10g，维生素B12 20mg，维生素H 80mg，烟酸40g，泛酸钙25g，叶酸2.5g，肌醇150g，单磷酸脂300g，余者为脱脂米糠。
4、如权利要求1或2所述的一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料，其特征在于：每公斤的复合矿物质含量：钙0.6g，磷0.8g，钾90g，镁12g，铁1.0g，锌10g，铜3.0g，钴160mg，碘60mg，硒3.6mg，余者为沸石粉。
5、如权利要求1或2所述的一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料，其特征在于：所述鱼粉，其粗蛋白质的含量达到63％以上，所述豆粕，其粗蛋白质的含量达到44％以上。
6、如权利要求1或2所述的一种白对虾虾苗配合饲料的制备方法，它包括下列步骤：
1)、按白对虾虾苗饲料配方各组分重量百分比的要求称取氯化胆碱，复合维生素、复合矿物质、脱壳素、免疫多糖、抗氧化剂、防霉剂进行预混合；
2)、按白对虾虾苗饲料配方各组分重量百分比的要求称取鱼粉、豆粕、花生粕、面粉、乌贼膏，磷脂油；
3)、第1步物料和第2步物料混合后，将混合物进行粉碎；
4)、粉碎后的物料送入超微粉碎机粉碎；
5)、粉碎后的物料加入鱼油和1.5-2.0kg水，同时进行混合；
6)、把混合后的物料送入待制粒仓，通过双层调质机，加入蒸汽，制粒机将混合物制成饲料颗粒；
7)、饲料颗粒在稳定熟化器中保持100-105℃的温度45分钟；
8)、用冷风脱水、冷却，颗粒温度降至室温；
9)、将颗粒通过破碎机后，流入旋震筛分级，取标准筛32目和22目间的碎粒料。
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| CN105432950A (zh) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-03-30 | 浙江澳华饲料有限公司 | 对虾颗粒饲料 |
| CN104920833A (zh) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 汕头市海洋与水产研究所 | 一种南美白对虾的配合饲料及其加工方法 |
| CN106578709A (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-04-26 | 大荔康德隆牧业科技有限公司 | 一种南美白对虾苗虾期的配合饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN108077602A (zh) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-29 | 南宁学院 | 一种提高饲料适口性的方法 |
| CN108813116A (zh) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-11-16 | 沈阳农业大学 | 一种可应用于高密度养殖的小龙虾饲料 |
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| CN100581382C (zh) | 2010-01-20 |
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