CN1946670A - 使用铜(i)催化剂制备1,3-烯炔的方法 - Google Patents
使用铜(i)催化剂制备1,3-烯炔的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1946670A CN1946670A CNA2005800131187A CN200580013118A CN1946670A CN 1946670 A CN1946670 A CN 1946670A CN A2005800131187 A CNA2005800131187 A CN A2005800131187A CN 200580013118 A CN200580013118 A CN 200580013118A CN 1946670 A CN1946670 A CN 1946670A
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- acetylenic compound
- compound
- bidentate ligand
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- GHXZPUGJZVBLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethene Chemical compound IC=C GHXZPUGJZVBLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
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- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBAKCAZIROEXGK-LNKPDPKZSA-N copper;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O JBAKCAZIROEXGK-LNKPDPKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
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- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- FZJCXIDLUFPGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;toluene Chemical compound CC(C)O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 FZJCXIDLUFPGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002722 terbinafine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylacetylene Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#C CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
提供一种Cu(I)二齿配体配合物催化的合成1,3-烯炔的方法。本发明的方法和/或体系提供各种烯炔,能应用于许多不稳定的官能团,并且不需要借助于昂贵的钯试剂。
Description
本申请要求2004年4月27日提交的美国申请60/565,620的优先权,该申请的内容全文包括结合于本文。
依照由国家科学基金给予马萨诸塞州大学的Grant No.CHE-0134287,联邦政府享有一定的权利。
发明领域
发现有许多天然生成的1,3-烯炔,它们是生物活性化合物。Terbinafine通常被称作Lamisil,它含有1,3-烯炔部分,并且是用于治疗浅表真菌感染的重要药物化合物。另一种重要的药物化合物是Calicheamicin γ1 1,是一种有效的抗癌抗菌素。1,3-烯炔还是重要的前体,能通过硼氢化-质子分解合成多取代苯和共轭二烯。合成1,3-烯炔的现有方法中,最普遍的是Pd-Cu催化的炔属和卤代乙烯间的Sonogashira偶联反应。其它方法包括Pd-催化的末端的有机金属炔(Cu,Mg,Si,Zn,Sn)和链烯间的偶联或者链烯基金属(Al,B,Cu,Mg,Zr)的炔基化。后面的方法存在诸如以下的缺陷:使用毒性试剂,必须制备有机金属的炔或链烯,官能团耐受性差,以及不需要的副产物导致低产率。然而,本领域仍一直关注于促进发展新的催化体系。特别是,由于钯价格在近年上升了约900%,其使用受到限制。此外,对有益于钯的反应需要昂贵的配体。结果,一直不断研究的主题是其它金属和配体体系。这样的一种方法使用铜来引发合成共轭烯炔:例如,通过三甲基甲硅烷基炔与碘代乙烯的偶联合成1,3-烯炔。但是,这种方法需要使用大于化学计算量的CuCl,并限于炔丙基醇衍生物。共轭烯炔还可以通过使用催化剂Cu(acac)2偶联链烯基二烷基硼烷和(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙炔基溴来制备,但只使用强碱如NaOMe和LiOH。结果,本领域持续关注用于这种交叉-偶联的铜基方法的进展。
附图简述
图1所示是按照本发明制备1,3-烯炔的通用反应方案。
图2提供了对本发明有用的配体组分的非限制性例子,其中,R独立地是以下但不限于以下H、Me、Et、nBu、tBu、iPr、苯基、芳基或环己基。
发明概述
鉴于前面所述,本发明的目的是提供用于制备共轭炔烯的一种或多种催化剂或催化剂体系,从而克服现有技术的缺陷,包括上面所述的缺陷。本领域的技术人员应理解,本发明的一个或多个方面可满足这些目的,而这些方面以外的其它一个或多个方面满足其它一些方面。各目的可能不能等同地应用于本发明的每一方面。同样,对于本发明另一个方面可考虑到以下目的。
本发明的目的是提供能以催化浓度和/或小于化学计算量的浓度用于合成共轭烯炔的铜(I)基配体配合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供Cu(I)配合物催化剂和相关的催化剂体系,这种催化剂和催化剂体系可用于由炔属化合物(acetylene)和碘代乙烯(vinyliodide)起始物质,以完全保持乙烯基立体化学来合成烯炔。
本发明的另一个目的是提供铜(I)配体配合物催化剂和/或催化剂体系,该催化剂和催化剂体系用于由碘代乙烯和炔属化合物起始物质合成烯炔,所述碘代乙烯和炔属化合物起始物质被用于随后化学改性的对试剂不稳定的官能团取代。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于偶联炔属和碘代乙烯的催化剂和/或催化剂体系,该偶联反应在其它方面可使用与大规模和/或工业规模合成制备共用或相容的溶剂、试剂和/或反应介质。
本发明的另一个目的是提供能由各种起始物质有效制备1,3-炔烯的催化剂和/或催化剂体系,而无需借助钯进行催化。
由概述以及各种实施方式的描述,本发明的其它目的、特征、益处和优点是显而易见的,并且对具有金属催化的键形成和偶联反应常识的领域的技术人员也是显而易见的。由上述内容结合实施例、表、数据、附图以及由此得出的合理推论,这些目的、特征、益处和优点将是显而易见的。
本发明部分包括使用铜(I)化合物制备1,3-炔烯的方法。这种方法包括:(1)提供包含铜(I)二齿配体配合物/化合物的介质;(2)使所述介质与炔属化合物和/或卤代乙烯化合物接触。(参见如图1)。如本领域技术人员所熟知的,可以使用与二齿配体组分结合的各种铜(I)二齿配体配合物和/或Cu(I)盐。例如参考表1。更具体地,这种方法可与一毓系列的这种铜(I)配体配合物结合使用,包括但不限于表1所示的那些配位化合物。如本发明中使用的,这些配位化合物可以催化量但小于化学计算量存在。某些实施方式中相对于基础起始物质,有效量为约1.0-12.0摩尔%。
还可参见图2和非限制的代表性配体组分的结构,这些组分可以商购或者通过已知的合成方法或其直接改进的方法来制备。在某些实施方式但不限于这些实施方式中,配体如2,2-联吡啶和1,10-菲咯啉与Cu(I)金属组分结合使用具有良好的效果。根据选择的试剂或起始物质,这种金属-配体化合物还可以包含烷基或芳基膦和/或烷基或芳基卤或者另一种配对配体或阴离子配体。无论如何,一些实施方式中上述介质的碱组分可包含碳酸铯或碳酸钾。其它一些实施方式中,可使用叔丁醇钠或磷酸钾来提供所需的偶联反应产物。
如上所述,铜(I)二齿配体化合物和/或本发明的反应产物可用于很多种炔属化合物和卤代乙烯起始物质。虽然本发明方法的一些实施方式中使用了芳基炔属化合物,但也可以使用其它各种炔属组分,而不用考虑卤代乙烯。如下面证实的,通过形成碳-碳键,这种炔属化合物可与各种不同的卤代乙烯(如,取代的和未取代的,环状或无环)偶联。卤代乙烯或炔属化合物的选择范围受到可以商购或可以通过已知合成方法或其直接改进方法获得的那些试剂或物质的限制,如本领域技术人员所理解的。本发明方法的益处在于使用适合于或目前用于制备或工业规模合成的溶剂或液体介质来溶解这些Cu(I)配合物。虽然能有效地使用甲苯,但是改进选择的试剂和/或炔属化合物/乙烯基起始物质,要求的溶解度和/或所需的反应参数,可以使用其它各种溶剂或液体介质。
本发明的一部分还包括以保持乙烯基化学计量来偶联炔属化合物和卤代乙烯的方法。这种方法包括:(1)提供包含铜(I)二齿配体配合物以及Cu(I)盐与二齿配体的反应产物中至少一种的介质;(2)使这种介质与有(Z)-或(E)-构形的炔属化合物和/或卤代乙烯化合物接触。这种金属-配体化合物如上所述并在下面结合特定的二齿配体组分进行说明。不考虑配体的同一性,这种Cu(I)组分与炔属化合物或乙烯基化合物相比,能以催化剂量使用。依据试剂和起始物质(如,三苯基膦以及使用硝酸二(三苯基膦)铜(I)的硝酸盐),这种金属-配体化合物还可含有一种或多种另外的配体组分。存在上述类型的碱时,金属-配体化合物可用来以完全保持乙烯基的化学计算来偶联各种炔属化合物与(Z)或(E)-卤代乙烯。
根据前面所述,本发明还包括铜(I)催化的制备共轭烯炔化合物的体系。这种体系可包含选自Cu(I)二齿配体配合物、包含Cu(I)和二齿配体的反应产物和它们的组合的铜(I)组分,在烯炔共轭路线中的炔属化合物和卤代乙烯化合物。这种反应性的作用偏离了现有技术。不受任何一种机理上考虑事项或操作方式的限制,在此所获的结果与过去的效果相反。尽管使用相对无活性的乙烯基起始物质(与芳基卤相比)并且不考虑芳基或乙烯基官能团在其它方面的抑制作用,但仍发生了炔属-链烯基共轭。但是,从本文提供的数据和结果可以知道,不需要借助钯催化剂,本发明基于铜(I)-的相互作用能在许多官能团的存在下提供形成所需的共轭烯炔键。
实施方式的详述
为评价和优化在此所述的反应方法,选择苯基乙炔与(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯的交叉偶联作为测试反应。110℃,在甲苯中,用2当量Cs2CO3作为碱,检测各种铜(I)配合物、铜(I)盐以及有特定二齿配体的铜(I)盐(表1)。未受限制情况下,发现[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3和[Cu(bipy)PPh3Br]能有效催化该反应。
使用这两种二齿配合物作为可能的催化剂,筛选出能用于110℃在甲苯中24小时内交叉偶联苯基乙炔与(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯的碱。现已发现,能与[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3一起有效使用的碱是Cs2CO3,因为根据气相色谱分析,它能以76%产率提供所需产物。但是,用[Cu(bipy)PPh3Br]作为催化剂,K2CO3作为碱,该产率提高到99%。监测一段时间后发现,反应在8小时内完成。将碱量减小到1.5当量,会降低产率。其它的碱如K3PO4、Na2CO3、KOtBu、NaOtBu、Et3N和DBU对这种特定反应的有效性较低。在没有催化剂或没有碱存在下进行这种特定反应时,通过GC没有观察到产物。基于这种结果和对照试验,在甲苯中110℃使用10mol%的[Cu(bipy)PPh3Br]作为催化剂和2.0当量K2CO3作为碱,作为合成1,3-烯炔方案的一部分。
表1.
比较了铜(I)配合物,铜(I)盐和添加剂作为苯基乙炔
和(2)-乙基-3-碘代丙烯酸酯交叉偶联的催化剂的性能*
催化剂 | GC产率 |
定义的配合物:[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3[Cu(bipy)PPh3Br][Cu(phen)PPh3Br][Cu(PPh3)3Br][Cu(neocup)PPh3Br][Cu(acac)(PPh3)2][Cu(neocup)2Br]H2O[Cu(Ch3CN)4]PF6铜(I)盐:CuClCuI或CuBr或Cu2O铜(I)盐/添加剂:CuI/phen/PPh3(1∶1∶2)CuI/phen(1∶1)CuI/bipy(1∶1) | 76%74%69%51%34%21%7%4%2%0%53%36%16% |
*反应条件:1.00mmol苯基乙炔,1.00mmol(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯,10mol%Cu(I)催化剂,2.0当量Cs2CO3,甲苯,110℃,24小时(phen=1,10-菲咯啉,bipy=2,2’-联吡啶,neocup=2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲咯啉,acac=乙酰丙酮化物)
采用这种结合(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯作为卤代乙烯起始物质的方案(表2)时,发现可以以良好至高产率偶合很多种炔属化合物,并能完全保持立体化学。这种方法能用于富电子芳基炔属化合物也能用于贫电子芳基炔属化合物。空间位阻的芳基炔属化合物(表2条目3和13)也成功地以良好至高产率进行偶合。值得注意的是,对碱不稳定的官能团如甲基酮(表2条目11)和甲酯(表2条目12和13)也能承受这种方法。游离苯胺基团(表2条目6),末端链烯(表2条目7)和溴(表2条目16)都已证明能适用。杂环炔属化合物,如具有吡啶和噻吩部分的那些化合物(分别为表2条目15和16)也是适用的底物;但是,对前者,使用[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3作为催化剂,Cs2CO3作为碱,以中等产率获得交义偶联的产物。正辛炔与(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯的交叉偶联证实了这种方法不限于芳基炔属化合物(表2条目9)。
表2.
采用标准方案,铜-催化的各种炔属化合物与
(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯的交叉偶联
a反应进行12小时,b使用10mol%[Cu(pheri)(PPh3)2NO3]作为催化剂,2.0当量Cs2CO3作为碱,c反应进行20小时。
为进一步评价本发明其它的实施方式,用苯基乙炔与各种碘代乙烯测试交叉偶联反应(表3)。前面的方案对各种β-(Z)-碘代-α,β-不饱和酯有用(表3)。当使用(E)-3-碘代丙烯乙酸酯作为碘代乙烯时,[Cu(bipy)PPh3Br]用作催化剂,K2CO3用作碱,8小时后的反应产率只有55%。但是,该反应持续24小时后,产率提高到81%。对使用(E)-1-碘代-辛烯作为碘代乙烯(表3条目5)进行同样观察,在反应时间24小时后也提高了产率。
表3.
采用标准方案,铜-催化的苯基乙炔与各种碘代乙烯的交叉偶联
a反应24小时
在本发明的一些实施方式中,依据选择的起始物质,将催化剂改变为[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3,碱改变为Cs2CO3,提高了产率(表4)。各种富电子的碘代乙烯能以高产率进行偶联。例如,在8小时内,(E)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯以近100%的产率与苯基乙炔偶联(表4,条目1)。(E)-1-碘代-辛烯和(Z)-1-碘代-辛烯都能在8小时内与苯基乙炔完成交叉偶联,并保护立体化学(分别为表4条目2和3)。
表4.
10mol%[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3用作催化剂和Cs2CO3用作碱,
铜催化的苯基乙炔与各种碘代乙烯的交叉偶联
aGC产率,b反应进行24小时。
本发明实施例
下面的非限制性实施例和数据说明了与本发明方法相关的各方面和特征,包括制备宽范围的各种不同共轭烯炔化合物,正如使用本文所述的催化剂体系所能达到的。与现有技术相比,本发明方法、催化剂和/或催化剂体系提供了与现有技术不同的未预料到的惊奇结果和数据。虽然通过所有几种炔属化合物和碘代乙烯起始物质、铜催化剂和碱组分阐述了本发明,但本领域的技术人员应理解,用与本发明范围相适应的其它各种炔属化合物、卤代乙烯和Cu(I)金属-配体化合物也能达到类似的结果。
概述.本文中述及的所有反应均在烘箱干燥过的玻璃器具内,在惰性气氛中进行。所有试剂和溶剂均从Acros,Alfa Aesar或Aldrich获得,并且无需提纯可直接使用。碳酸钾(Alfa Aesar,99%)储存在充氮气的手套箱内。所有使用的碘代乙烯可以商购,并可采用文献中报道的方法进行合成。(参见,如Piers,E.;Wong,T.;Coish,P.D.;Rogers,C.Can J.Chem.1994,72,1816-1819.Han,C;Shen,R.C.;Su,S.;Porco,J.A.Org Lett.2004,6,27-30.Lee,K.;Wiemer,D.F.Tetrahedron Lett.1993,34,2433-2436.Brown,H.C.;Subrahmanyam,C;Hamaoka,T.;Ravindran,N.;Bowman,D.H.;Misumi,S.;Unni,M.K.;Somayaji,V.;Bhat,N.G.J.Org.Chem.1989,54,6068-6075.)通过快速层析,使用230-400目的ICN Flash硅胶进行纯化。所列产率指表征的化合物分离后的产率,元素分析、1H NMR和13C NMR确认的纯度。在某些情况还报道了GC产率。使用十二烷作为内标计算所有的GC产率;用来计算产物产率的校正因子由分析纯样品来确定。在Bruker AVANCE 400MHz光谱仪上记录NMR谱。化学位移报道为份/百万(δ)。峰图形表示如下:s,单峰;d,双峰;t,三峰;dd,双峰的双倍;dt,三峰的双倍;m,多峰;q,四峰。偶联参数J以赫兹(Hz)列出。用TMS作为内参。在Microanalysis Laboratory,Universityof Massachusetts-Amherst进行元素分析。报道的熔点未经校正。用Noniuskappa-CCD衍射计以MoKa(λ=0.71073)作为入射辐射收集X-射线数据。室温收集衍射数据。对原始数据积分、精选、换算并对洛伦兹极化和吸收效果进行校正,需要时可使用Nonius提供的程序DENZO和SCALEPAK。用SIR92和SHELXL97在Nonius的MAXUS模式内进行结构溶解和精制(在F0 2上)。用MISSYM ofPLATON检测使用结构的任何缺失对称性。气相色谱是有30-米HP-I 100%二甲基聚硅氧烷毛细管柱的Hewlett Packard 6850 GC系列。
合成铜(I)配合物
A.硝酸二(三苯基膦)铜(I):
在装有涂敷特弗龙的搅拌棒的Erlenmeyer烧瓶内,加热甲醇(100mL)至沸腾,在搅拌的甲醇中缓慢加入三苯基膦(Alfa Aesar,24.22g,92.34mmol)。三苯基膦完全溶解后,分小批量加入Cu(NO3)22.5H2O(Fisher Scientific,7.16g,30.78mmol)。不必采取专门防范措施来排除空气。添加硝酸铜(II)后,形成白色沉淀。添加结束后,搅拌内容物30分钟,并冷却烧瓶至室温。然后通过布氏漏斗过滤该反应混合物,用乙醇然后用乙醚反复洗涤残留物。形成的白色固体在动态真空下干燥,得到Cu(PPh3)2NO3(12.378g,产率62%),m.p.:238-240℃。晶胞常数(The cell constant)、内容物(content)和间隔基与已经报道的Cu(PPh3)2NO3(Cambridge Structural Database Refcode-NITPPCOl)的结构相同。
B.溴化三(三苯基膦)铜(I):
在装有涂敷特弗龙的搅拌棒的Erlenmeyer烧瓶内,加热甲醇(100mL)至沸腾,在搅拌的甲醇中缓慢加入三苯基膦(Alfa Aesar,24.22g,92.34mmol)。三苯基膦完全溶解后,分小批量加入CuBr2(Acros,5.15g,23.09mmol)。不必采取专门防范措施来排除空气。添加溴化铜(II)后,形成白色沉淀。添加结束后,搅拌内容物30分钟,并冷却烧瓶至室温。然后通过布氏漏斗过滤该反应混合物,用乙醇然后用乙醚反复洗涤残留物。形成的白色固体在动态真空下干燥,获得Cu(PPh3)3Br(20.03g,产率为93%),m.p.:164-166℃。晶胞常数、内容物和间隔基与已经报道的Cu(PPh3)3Br(Cambridge Structural DatabaseRefcode-FEYVAG)的结构相同。
C.[Cu(phen)(PPh3)Br]:
在装有涂敷特弗龙的搅拌棒的Erlenmeyer烧瓶内,将溴化三(三苯基膦)铜(I)(1.40g,1.50mmol)加入到氯仿(50mL)中。完全溶解后,加入1,10-菲咯啉(856mg,1.50mmol)。该无色溶液立刻转变为橙色。室温下搅拌烧瓶中的内容物30分钟。之后,真空除去溶剂,获得橙色固体。在该固体溶于20mL二氯甲烷的溶液上放置40mL乙醚层进行重结晶(931mg,产率为75%)。m.p.:252-253℃。晶胞常数、内容物和间隔基与已经报道的Cu(phen)(PPh3)Br(Cambridge Structural Database Refcode-BEQLAK)的结构相同。
D.[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3:
在装有涂敷特弗龙的搅拌棒的Erlenmeyer烧瓶内,将硝酸二(三苯基膦)铜(I)(977mg,1.50mmol)加入到氯仿(20mL)中。完全溶解后,加入三苯基膦(393mg,1.50mmol),然后加入1,10-菲咯啉(270mg,1.50mmol)。该无色溶液立刻转变为黄色。室温搅拌烧瓶中的内容物30分钟。之后,真空除去溶剂,获得黄色固体。通过乙醚气相扩散到该固体溶于30mL二氯甲烷的溶液中进行重结晶(931mg,产率为75%)。m.p.:202-204℃。
化合物D的晶体数据
Dx=1.348Mg m-3
C48H38CUN3O3P2 测定的密度:未测定
C48H38CUN3O3P2 细调焦密封管
Mr=830.338 Mo Kα辐射
单斜晶 λ=0.71073
P21 自1928的晶胞参数
a=10.0266(2) θ=4.076-19.980°
b=19.7098(5) μ=0.658mm-1
c=10.6355(3) T=298K
α=90.00° 立方体
β=103.2034(9) 黄色
γ=90.00° 晶体来源:当地实验室
V=2046.25(9)3
Z=2
数据汇总
标准:>2σ(I)
KappaCCD θ最大=19.99°
吸收校正:无 h=-9→9
测定的3530反射 k=-18→18
3523独立反射 l=-10→10
观察的3435反射
精选(refinement)
R(gt)=0.0228
在F2上精制 wR(ref)=0.0593
全矩阵最小平方精选(fullmatrix wR(gt)=0.0581
least squares refinement)
R(全部)=0.0241 S(ref)=1.014
3523反射 消光校正:无
514参数 来自International Tables Vol C
表的原子散射因子
未精选的H-原子参数 4.2.6.8和6.1.1.4
计算的重量(calc) Flack参数=-0.014(10)
Δ/σ最大=0.005 Flack H D(1983),Acta Cryst.
A39,876-881
Δρ最大=0.115e3
Δρ最小=-0.128e3
E.[Cu(bipy)(PPh3)Br]:
在装有涂敷特弗龙的搅拌棒的Erlenmeyer烧瓶内,将溴化三(三苯基膦)铜(I)(7.45g,8.00mmol)加入到氯仿(100mL)。完全溶解后,加入2,2’-联吡啶(1.27g,8.00mmol)。该无色溶液立刻转变为橙色。室温搅拌烧瓶中的内容物30分钟。之后,真空除去溶剂,获得橙色固体。通过在该固体溶于40mL二氯甲烷的溶液中放置80mL乙醚层上进行重结晶(3.06g,产率为68%)。m.p.:215-217℃。晶胞常数、内容物和间隔基与已经报道的Cu(bipy)(PPh3)Br(Cambridge Structural Database Refcode-COYNOT)的结构相同。
F.[Cu(neocup)(PPh3)Br]:
在装有涂敷特弗龙的搅拌棒的Erlenmeyer烧瓶内,将溴化三(三苯基膦)铜(I)(2.61g,2.73mmol)加入到氯仿(50mL)中。完全溶解后,加入新亚铜试剂(2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲咯啉)(575mg,2.76mmol)。该无色溶液立刻转变为橙黄色。室温搅拌烧瓶中内容物30分钟。之后,真空除去溶剂,获得黄色固体。通过在该固体溶于40mL二氯甲烷的溶液上放置80mL乙醚层进行重结晶(1.02g,61% yield)。m.p.:286-288℃。晶胞常数、含量和间隔基与已经报道的Cu(neocup)(PPh3)Br的结构相同。
芳基炔属化合物的通用合成方法:
在充氩气的手套箱内,向厚壁玻璃管(类似于Chemglass AF-0523)中加入Pd3(dba)5(0.8mol%)、碘化铜(2.0mol%)和三苯基膦(10.0mol%),该玻璃管上装有涂敷特氟龙的搅拌棒和特氟龙塞子。从手套箱中取出密封的管,然后在氮气流中加入三乙胺(75mL)、溴代芳烃(25mmol)和35mmol三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔。在氩气中密封该管,于75-80℃搅拌其中的内容物24小时。反应结束(由GC)后,通过布氏漏斗过滤该反应混合物,用二氯甲烷洗涤残留物直到滤液为透明的。合并的滤液通过动态真空浓缩。形成的黄色油状物通过柱层析纯化,获得黄色油状物或淡黄色固体。
在氩气氛中,通过在保护的乙炔溶于二氯甲烷/甲醇(30/50mL)的溶液中加入少量碳酸钾,对甲硅烷基进行脱保护。室温搅拌该反应混合物2-3小时或者直到完成脱保护(用TLC监测)。然后,该反应混合物通过布氏漏斗过滤,残留物用二氯甲烷洗涤直到滤液为透明。动态真空下除去溶剂,获得黄色油状物或固体,然后通过柱层析或通过硅胶柱过滤进行纯化。分析产物(用DirectReading Echelle ICP)中的痕量Pd,但未发现Pd。
实施例Ia
合成1,3-烯炔:
通用方法:在充氩气的手套箱内,在装有涂敷特弗龙的搅拌棒的Pyrex玻璃管(直径2.5cm)中加入碳酸钾(Alfa Aesar,0.553g,4.0mmol)和[Cu(bipy)(PPh3)Br](相对于乙炔为10mol%)。然后用橡胶隔片密封该玻璃管,从手套箱中取出,通过隔片向玻璃管内注射甲苯(4.0mL)和2.00mmol适当乙炔和2.20mmol适当的碘代乙烯。除非特别指出,于110℃搅拌内容物8小时。反应混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土垫过滤,以除去所有的不溶的残余物。滤液真空浓缩;残余物通过硅胶上的快速层析进行纯化,获得分析纯级的样品。
实施例Ib
改进的方法:在充氩气的手套箱内,在装有涂敷特弗龙的搅拌棒的Pyrex玻璃管(直径2.5cm)中加入碳酸铯(Aldrich,1.303g,4.0mmol)和[Cu(ρhen)(PPh3)2NO3](相对于乙炔为10mol%)。然后用橡胶隔片密封该玻璃管,从手套箱中取出,通过隔片向玻璃管内注射甲苯(4.0mL)以及2.00mmol合适的乙炔和2.20mmol合适的碘代乙烯。除非特别指出,于110℃搅拌内容物8小时。反应混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土垫过滤,以除去所有的不溶的残余物。滤液真空浓缩;残余物通过硅胶上的快速层析进行纯化,获得分析纯级的样品。
实施例2a
(Z)-5-苯基-2-丁烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目1):
采用通用方法,将苯基乙炔和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(15%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),得到分析纯级的产物,为淡黄色油状物(396mg,产率为99%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54-7.52(m,2H),7.34(m,3H),6.36(d,J=I 1.43,1H),6.12(d,J=11.42,IH),4.26(q,2H),1.33(t,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.72,131.96,129.10,128.30,128.17,122.75,122.57,101.10,86.30,60.36,14.23.对C13H12O2的分析计算值:C,77.98;H,6.04;实测值:C,77.78;H,6.06。
实施例2b
5-p-甲苯基-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目2):
采用通用方法,将1-乙炔基-4-甲基-苯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(10%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),得到分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(350mg,产率85%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43-7.41(d,J=8.1,2H),7.16-7.14(d,J=7.9,2H),6.37-6.34(d,J=11.4,1H),6.12-6.09(d,J=11.4,1H),4.29-4.23(q,J=7.1,2H),2.36(s,3H),1.35-1.31(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.92,139.62,132.12,129.28,127.83,123.14,119.76,101.77,86.19,60.44,21.66,14.42。对C14H14O2的分析计算值:C,78.48;H,6.59;实测值:C,78.22;H,6.78。
实施例2c
5-(2-甲氧基-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目3):
采用通用方法,将1-乙炔基-2-甲氧基-苯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),得到分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(480mg,产率为98%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.52-7.50(dd,J=7.5,1.7,1H),7.33-7.29(m,1H),6.93-6.89(dt,J=7.6,0.9,1H),6.88-6.86(d,J=8.3,1H),6.42-6.39(d,J=11.4,1H),6.11-6.08(d,J=11.4,1H),4.28-4.22(q,J=7.1,2H),3.88(s,3H),1.33-1.29(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.86,160.32,134.25,130.84,127.67,123.10,120.54,111.96,110.73,97.93,90.45,60.32,55.81,14.28。对C14H14O3分析计算值:C,73.03;H,6.13;实测值:C,73.08;H,6.19。
实施例2d
5-(4-甲硫基-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目4):
采用通用方法,将1-乙炔基-4-甲硫基苯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),得到分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(450mg,产率为91%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44-7.42(d,J=8.5,2H),7.18-7.16(d,J=8.5,2H),6.35-6.32(d,J=11.4,1H)56.11-6.09(d,J=11.4,1H),4.28-4.22(q,J=7.1,2H),2.46(s,3H),1.34-1.30(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.81,140.87,132.33,127.85,125.68,122.81,118.84,101.21,86.77,60.37,15.16,14.32。对C14H14O2S的分析计算值:C,68.26;H,5.73;S,13.02;实测值:C,68.50;H,5.88;S,13.18。
实施例2e
5-(4-二甲基氨基-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目5):
采用通用方法,将1(4-乙炔基-苯基)-二甲基-胺和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(10%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级的产物,为黄色固体(420mg,产率为88%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42-7.39(d,J=8.9,2H),6.62-6.60(d,J=9.0,2H),6.37-6.34(d,J=11.4,1H),6.01-5.98(d,J=11.4,1H),4.28-4.22(q,J=7.1,2H),2.97(s,6H),1.35-1.31(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHZ,CDCl3)δ165.15,150.62,133.53,125.21,123.63,111.48,108.97,104.06,85.92,60.08,,39.94,14.28。对C15H17NO2的分析计算值:C,74.05;H,7.04;N,5.76;实测值:C,74.29;H,7.20;N,5.71。m.p.:58.0-59.5℃。
实施例2f
5-(4-氨基-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-酸炔乙酯(表2,条目6):
采用通用方法,将4-乙炔基-苯基胺和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(350mg,产率为90%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.34-7.32(d,J=8.4,2H),6.60-6.58(d,J=8.4,2H),6.36-6.34(d,J=11.4,1H),6.05-6.02(d,J=11.4,1H),4.28-4.23(q,J=7.1,2H),3.96(s,2H),1.35-1.31(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHZ,CDCl3)δ165.21,148.01,133.78,125.92,123.66,114.54,111.33,103.46,85.59,60.28,14.32。对C13H13NO2的分析计算值:C,72.54;H,6.09;N,6.51;实测值:C,72.63;H,6.26;N,6.32。
实施例2g
5-(4-乙烯基-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目7):
采用通用方法,将1-乙炔基-4-乙烯基-苯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(10%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(420mg,产率为95%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.51-7.49(d,J=8.3,2H),7.39-7.37(d,J=8.3,2H),6.73-6.66(dd,J=17.5,10.8,1H),6.38-6.35(d,J=11.4,1H),6.14-6.12(d,J=11.4,1H),5.81-5.77(d,J=17.6,1H),5.33-5.30(d,J=10.9,1H)54.29-4.24(q,J=7.1,2H),1.35-1.32(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.92,139.62,132.12,129.28,127.83,123.14,119.76,101.77,86.19,60.44,21.66,14.42。对C14H14O2分析的计算值:C,79.62;H,6.24;实测值:C,79.37;H,6.48。
实施例2h
5-[4-(4-乙氧基羰基-丁-3-烯-1-炔基)-苯基]-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目8):
采用通用方法,在12小时内,将1,4-二乙炔基-苯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(10%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色固体(560mg,产率87%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.50(s,4H),6.37-6.34(d,J=11.4,2H),6.17-6.14(d,J=11.4,2H),4.28-4.23(q,J=7.1,4H),1.34-1.30(t,J=7.1,6H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.57,131.88,128.72,123.31,122.34,100.27,88.36,60.39,14.21。对C20H18O4分析的计算值:C,74.52;H,5.63;实测值:C,74.33;H,5.71。m.p.:73.0-74.0℃。
实施例2i
(Z)-十一碳-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2.条目9):
采用通用方法,将正辛炔和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(5%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(401mg,产率为96%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.13(dt,J=10.82,1H)56.02(d,.7=10.96,1H),4.21(q,2H),2.44(m,2H),1.58(p,2H),1.42(m,2H),1.30-1.28(m,7H),0.89(t,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.87,127.34,123.89,104.17,77.66,60.18,31.30,28.60,28.36,22.49,20.07,14.21,13.99。对C13H20O2的分析计算值:C,74.96;H,9.68;实测值:C,74.96;H,9.56。
实施例2j
5-(4-氰基-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目10):
采用通用方法,将4-乙炔基-苄腈和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色固体(380mg,产率为85%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.64-7.59(m,J=8.5,4H),6.37-6.34(d,J=11.3,1H),6.24-6.21(d,J=11.3,1H),4.28-4.23(q,J=7.1,2H),1.34-1.30(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.40,132.39,132.03,130.08,127.49,121.74,118.25,112.37,98.34,89.94,60.57,14.23。对C14H11NO2的分析计算值:C,74.65;H,4.92,N,6.22;实测值:C,74.45;H,4.84,N,6.06。m.p.:69.5-71.5℃。
实施例2k
5-(4-乙酰基-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目11):
采用通用方法,将1-(4-乙炔基-苯基)-乙酮和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(440mg,20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(产率为92%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.93-7.90(d,J=8.5,2H),7.60-7.58(d,J=8.5,2H),6.38-6.35(d,J=11.4,1H),6.20-6.18(d,J=11.4,1H),4.28-4.23(q,J=7.1,2H),2.58(s,3H),1.34-1.30(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ197.09,164.54,136.87,132.09,129.43,128.24,127.39,122.22.99.65,89.11,60.53,26.59,14.29。对C15H14O3分析计算值:C,74.36;H,5.82;实测值:C,74.31;H,5.97。
实施例21
4-(4-乙氧基羰基-丁-3-烯-1-炔基)-苯甲酸甲酯(表2,条目12):采用通用方法,将4-乙炔基-苯甲酸甲酯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色固体(450mg,产率为88%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.01-7.99(d,J=8.5,2H),7.59-7.57(d,J=8.5,2H),6.37-6.34(d,J=11.4,1H),6.20-6.17(d,J=11.4,lH),4.29-4.23(q,J=7.1,2H),3.91(s,3H),1.34-1.30(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ166.36,164.60,131.91,130.31,129.52,129.37,127.29,122.25,99.73,88.79,60.55,52.24,14.30。对C15H14O4计算的分析值:C,69.76;H,5.46;实测值:C,69.90;H,5.55.m.p.:49.0-51.0℃。
实施例2m
2-(4-乙氧基羰基-丁-3-烯-1-炔基)-苯甲酸甲酯(表2,条目13):
采用通用方法,将2-乙炔基-苯甲酸甲酯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(410mg,77% yield)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.96-7.95(d,J=7.8,1H),7.70-7.68(d,J=8.2,1H),7.50-7.46(t,J=7.5,1H),7.37-7.41(t,J=7.7,1H),6.46-6.43(d,J=11.4,1H),6.18-6.15(d,J=11.4,1H),4.27-4.21(q,J=7.1,2H)53.92(s,3H),1.31-1.27(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHZ,CDCl3)δ166.31,164.65,134.69,131.79,131.74,130.42,128.73,128.70,123.23,122.91,99.64,90.93,60.40,52.23,14.27。对C15H14O4的分析计算值:C,69.76;H,5.46;实测值:C,69.93;H,5.59。
实施例2n
5-(4-硝基-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目14):
采用通用方法,将1-乙炔基-4-硝基-苯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物,除了使用1.6mmol乙炔和1.8mmol碘代乙炔外。通过快速层析进行纯化(20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为黄色固体(350mg,产率为89%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22-8.19(d,J=8.9,2H),7.68-7.65(d,J=8.9,2H),6.38-6.35(d,J=11.4,1H),6.26-6.23(d,J=11.4,1H),4.29-4.24(q,J=7.1,2H),1.35-1.31(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.38,147.48,132.66,130.32,129.41,123.57,121.67,97.99,90.64,60.64,14.23。对C13H11NO4分析计算值:C,63.67;H,4.52;N,5.71;实测值:C,63.45;H,4.44;N,5.65。m.p.:76.0-78.0℃。
实施例2o
5-吡啶-3-基-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目15):
采用改进的方法,12小时内,将3-乙炔基-吡啶和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(200mg,产率51%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.76(s,1H),8.57-8.55(dd,J=4.9,1.5,1H),7.82-7.79(td,J-7.8,1.8,1H),7.29-7.26(m,1H),6.38-6.35(d,J=11.4,1H),6.21-6.18(d,J=11.4,1H),4.29-4.23(q,J=7.1,2H),1.34-1.31(t,J=7.1,3H)。13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.32,152.25,149.13,138.58,129.22,122.86,121.80,119.68,96.97,89.03,60.34,14.08。对C12H11NO2的分析计算值:C,71.63;H,5.51;N,6.96;实测值:C,71.77;H,5.64;N,6.73。
实施例2p
5-噻吩-2-基-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目16):
采用通用方法,将2-乙炔基-噻吩和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(10%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(230mg,产率为62%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36-7.35(dd,J=5.1,1.0,1H),7.33-7.32(dd,J=3.6,1.0,1H),7.02-7.00(m,1H),6.36-6.33(d,J=11.4,1H),6.10-6.08(d,J=11.4,1H),4.29-4.23(q,J=7.1,2H),1.36-1.32(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.79,133.49,129.19,127.62,127.36,122.57,122.29,94.50,90.82,60.5l,14.31。对C11H10O2S分析计算值:C,64.05;H,4.89;S,15.55;实测值:C,64.01;H,4.95;S,15.27。
实施例2q
5-(4-溴-苯基)-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表2,条目17):
采用通用方法,20小时内,将1-溴-4-乙炔基苯和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(355mg,20%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(产率为65%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.48-7.46(d,J=8.5,2H),7.39-7.36(d,J=8.5,2H),6.33-6.30(d,J=11.4,1H),6.16-6.13(d,J=11.4,1H),4.27-4.22(q,J=7.1,2H),1.33-1.29(t,J=7.1,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ164.64,133.40,131.68,128.69,123.61,122.49,121.60,99.81,87.38,60.46,14.29。对C13H11BrO2分析计算值:C,55.94;H,3.97;Br,28.63;实测值:C,56.05;H,4.07;Br,27.6。
实施例3a
(E)-5-苯基-2-丁烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表3,条目1):
采用通用方法,24小时内,将苯基乙炔和(E)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(10%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(325mg,产率为81%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(m,2H),7.35(m,3H),6.98(d,J=15.84,1H),6.30(d,J=15.84,2H),4.24(q,2H),1.31(t,3H)。13C NMR(100MHZ,CDCl3)δ165.84,131.91,130.01,129.24,128.41,125.01,122.162,98.20,86.32,60.72,14.19.对C13H12O2的分析计算值:C,77.98;H,6.04;实测值:C,78.06;H,6.13。
实施例3b
(Z)-5-苯基-2-戊烯-4-炔酸甲酯(表3,条目2):
采用通用方法,将苯基乙炔和(Z)-3-碘代丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(15%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(336mg,产率为90%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.54(m,2H),7.35(m,3H),6.36(d,J=11.39,1H),6.14(d,J=I 1.41,1H),3.80(s,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ165.25,132.16,129.28,128.42,127.79,123.22,122.63,101.45,86.37,51.55。对C12H10O2的分析计算值:C,77.40;H,5.41;实测值:C,77.41;H,5.35。
实施例3c
顺-3-甲基-5-苯基-戊-2-烯-4-炔酸甲酯(表3,条目3):
采用通用方法,将苯基乙炔和(Z)-β-碘-β-甲基丙烯酸甲酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(15%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(388mg,产率为97%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.55(m,2H),7.33(m,3H),6.03(q,1H),3.76(s,3H),2.13(d,J=1.45,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ165.42,134.99,132.03,129.02,128.29,123.85,122.65,100.31,88.25,51.23,25.11。对C13H12O2的分析计算值:C,77.98;H,6.04;实测值:C,77.83;H,6.04。
实施例3d
(Z)-3,5-二苯基戊-2-烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表3,条目4):
采用通用方法,将苯基乙炔和(Z)-3-碘-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(5%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(530mg,产率为96%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.78(m,2H),7.63(m,2H),7.38(m,6H),6.59(s,1H),2.06(q,2H),1.35(t,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ165.12,136.92,136.08,131.85,129.66,128.99,128.42,128.18,126.96,122.54,122.48,101.88,86.68,60.16,14.17。对C19H16O2的分析计算值:C,82.58;H,5.84;实测值:C,
实施例3e
(E)-1-苯基癸-3-烯-1-炔(表3,条目5):
采用通用方法,在24小时内,将苯基乙炔和(E)-1-碘辛烯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(石油醚作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为透明油状物(423mg,产率为99%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.40(m,2H),7.28(m,3H),6.24(m,1H),5.68(d,J=15.84,1H),2.15(q,2H),1.41-1.28(m,8H),0.89(t,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ145.08,131.24,128.07,127.67,123.49,109.32,88.23,87.68,33.08,31.52,28.66,28.59,22.45,13.94。对C16H20的分析计算值:C,90.51;H,9.49;实测值:C,90.65;H,9.58。
实施例4a
(E)-苯基-2-丁烯-4-炔酸乙酯(表4条目1):
采用改进的方法,将苯基乙炔和(E)-乙基-3-碘代丙烯酸酯转化为标题产物。在8小时和24小时后,分析GC产率分别为74%和99%。
实施例4b
(E)-1-苯基癸-3-烯-1-炔(表4,条目2):
采用改进的方法,将苯基乙炔和(E)-1-碘代辛烯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(石油醚作为洗脱液),获得透明油状物(418mg,产率为98%)。获得的质谱与前面分离的分析纯化合物(参见表3,条目5)的质谱相匹配。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.42(m,2H),7.28(m,3H),6.24(m,1H),5.66(d,J=15.85,1H)52.15(q,2H),1.42-1.29(m,8H),0.89(t,3H)。
实施例4c
癸-3-烯-1-炔基苯(表4,条目3):
采用改进的方法,将(Z)-1-碘代-辛-1-烯和苯基乙炔转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(己烷作为洗脱液),获得分析纯级产物,为无色油状物(420mg,产率为98%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44-7.41(m,2H),7.29-7.27(m,3H),5.99-5.92(m,1H),5.67-5.65(d,J=10.7,1H),2.42-2.36(m,2H),1.46-1.43(m,2H),1.37-1.29(m,6H),0.89-0.86(m,3H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ144.36,131.42,128.30,127.96,123.82,109.06,93.46,86.57,31.76,30.45,28.96,28.91,22.70,14.16。对C16H20的分析计算值:C,90.51;H,9.49;实测值:C,90.24;H,9.47。
实施例4d
1,2-二氢-4-(2-苯基乙炔基)萘(表4,条目4):
采用改进的方法,在24小时内,将苯基乙炔和1,2-二氢-4-碘代萘转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(20% CH2Cl2的己烷溶液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色油状物(360mg,产率为78%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68(d,J=7.58,1H),7.52(m,2H),7.31(m,3H),7.25(m,1H),7.18(t,1H),7.13(d,J=7.33,1H),6.54(t,1H),2.80(t,2H),2.42,(m,2H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ135.49,135.05,132.64,131.54,128.29,128.07,127.66,127.39,126.62,125.05,123.43,121.72,90.28,87.29,27.14,23.69。对C18H14的分析计算值:C,93.87;H,6.13;实测值:C,93.79;H,6.36。
实施例4e
(E)-1,4-二苯基丁烯炔(表4,条目5):
采用改进的方法,将苯基乙炔和β-碘代苯乙烯转化为标题产物。通过快速层析进行纯化(20% CH2Cl2的己烷溶液),获得分析纯级产物,为淡黄色固体(399mg,产率为98%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(m,2H),7.43(d,J=7.22,2H),7.4-7.27(m,6H)57.03(d,J=16.24,1H),6.37(d,J=16.24)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ141.24,136.31,131.50,128.71,128.60,128.32,128.16,126.29,123.42,108.13,91.75,88.91。对C16H12的分析计算值:C,94.08;H,5.92;实测值:C,93.96;H,6.10。m.p.:97-98℃(lit:96-97℃)
实施例5
通过对使用的铜(I)盐、配体、碱和/或溶剂以及其量进行选择,可以改进在前面实施例的化合物的合成方法,同时相应地改进金属-配体催化剂配合物/化合物制备方法。根据对配体、卤代乙烯和/或乙炔的选择,其它有用溶剂可包括二氯甲烷、甲苯、苯、NMP、DMF和DMSO。同样,这种催化剂化合物的配体还可以包含图2所示的结构的组分。这种组分的前体为本领域熟知,可以对制备相应的催化剂和乙炔产物进行改进,即这种改进还可以包括选择碱来达到所需的反应。
实施例6
本发明的合成方法可通过表5所列的已知Cu(I)配合物或反应产物、碱和溶剂的不同组合加以改进。这些合成(和表5中的试剂组合)不受限制地还可用于联想到宽范围的各种乙炔/卤代乙烯的任意组合,可以被本领域了解本发明的人员所理解。
表5
溶剂THF二噁烷 | 铜(I)组分*Cu(phen)(PPh3)2NO3Cu(phen)PPh3Br | 碱CsOAcDBU |
异丙基醇甲苯 | Cu(neocup)PPh3ClCuI/新亚铜试剂Cu(neocup)PPh3ICu(neocup)PPh3BrCuI/新亚铜试剂CuCl/PhenCu(bipy)PPh3Br[Cu(Ch3CN)]PF6Cu(PPh3)3Br | K3PO4Na2CO3NaOtBuK2CO3Cs2CO3NaOtBuKOtBu |
*Phen=1,10-菲咯啉;neocup=2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲咯啉(新亚铜试剂);bipy=2,2’-联吡啶
根据本发明,对合成1,3-烯炔用于的其它各种Cu(I)组分可以按本领域理解的参照实施例5和图2的二齿配体进行制备。
* * *
如前面实施例和数据所示,本发明提供了一种通过铜(I)-催化的炔属化合物与卤代乙烯之间的交叉偶联反应合成1,3-烯炔的适度可行的方法。对大多数底物,非限制性的实施方式可采用[Cu(bipy)PPh3Br]作为催化剂,K2CO3作为碱。在卤代乙烯是(E)-链烯情况,使用[Cu(phen)(PPh3)2]NO3为催化剂,Cs2CO3为碱,提供良好结果。这种方法能应用于宽范围的各种底物和伴随的官能团,保持乙烯基的化学计量同时提供高产率的所需烯炔,并且可以进行随后的化学改进。
Claims (20)
1.一种使用Cu(I)化合物形成1,3-烯炔的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
提供卤代乙烯和炔属化合物;
使所述卤化物和所述炔属化合物中的至少一种与Cu(I)组分接触,该Cu(I)组分选自Cu(I)二齿配体配合物、包含Cu(I)盐和二齿配体的反应产物,或它们的组合。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述Cu(I)组分的量小于化学计算量。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述二齿配体选自1,10-菲咯啉和2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲咯啉。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述Cu(I)组分包含Cu(I)卤化物和所述二齿配体之。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括碱组分。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述炔属化合物选自芳基或烷基炔属化合物。
7.制备1,3-烯炔的体系,该体系包含:
卤代乙烯;
炔属化合物,选自芳基或烷基炔属化合物;
Cu(I)组分,选自Cu(I)二齿配体配合物、包含Cu(I)盐和二齿配体的反应产物,所述Cu(I)组分的量小于化学计算量。
8.如权利要求7所述的体系,该体系还包括催化剂量的所述Cu(I)组分。
9.如权利要求7所述的体系,其特征在于,所述二齿配体选自1,10-菲咯啉和2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲咯啉。
10.如权利要求9所述的体系,其特征在于,所述Cu(I)组分包含Cu(I)卤化物和所述二齿配体之一的螯合产物。
11.如权利要求7所述的体系,该体系还包含溶剂。
12.如权利要求7所述的体系,该体系还包含碱组分。
13.一种将卤代乙烯和炔属化合物偶联的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
提供卤代乙烯化合物;
提供炔属化合物,所述炔属化合物选自烷基炔属化合物、芳基炔属化合物或杂环炔属化合物;
使所述乙烯基化合物和炔属化合物与介质接触,所述介质包含选自Cu(I)二齿配体配合物和Cu(I)盐与二齿配体的反应产物,所述Cu(I)组分的量小于化学计算量,所述介质还包含溶剂组分。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述卤代乙烯选自环状的碘代乙烯和无环的碘代乙烯。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述炔属化合物选自烷基炔属化合物和芳基炔属化合物。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述二齿配体选自1,10-菲咯啉和2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲咯啉。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述Cu(I)组分选自Cu(phen)(PPh3)2NO3或CuI/新亚铜试剂反应产物。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂选自甲苯和异丙醇。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述介质还包含碱组分。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述碱组分是K3PO4。
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101591275A (zh) * | 2009-07-03 | 2009-12-02 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 一种合成1,6-烯炔类化合物的方法 |
WO2014040476A1 (zh) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-03-20 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 溴化烯炔化合物e,e-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸酯合成方法 |
CN103664602A (zh) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-26 | 温州大学 | 一种α, β-不饱和羧酸酯类化合物及其制备方法 |
CN105061161A (zh) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-18 | 温州大学 | 一种共轭1,3-烯炔衍生物的制备方法 |
CN105859494A (zh) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽师范大学 | 顺式共轭烯炔的制备方法 |
CN105859495A (zh) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-17 | 陕西师范大学 | 炔酮促进CuI催化Sonogashira偶联反应的方法 |
CN113735672A (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种全取代1-丁烯-3-炔衍生物的制备方法 |
CN114349787A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-15 | 西安凯立新材料股份有限公司 | 一种三苯基膦亚铜盐的制备方法 |
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- 2005-04-27 EP EP05780040A patent/EP1745006A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-04-27 US US11/115,502 patent/US7473797B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-27 CN CNA2005800131187A patent/CN1946670A/zh active Pending
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CN101591275A (zh) * | 2009-07-03 | 2009-12-02 | 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所 | 一种合成1,6-烯炔类化合物的方法 |
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CN103664604B (zh) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-11-04 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 溴化烯炔化合物e,e-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸酯合成方法 |
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CN113735672A (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种全取代1-丁烯-3-炔衍生物的制备方法 |
CN114349787A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-15 | 西安凯立新材料股份有限公司 | 一种三苯基膦亚铜盐的制备方法 |
CN114349787B (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-10-17 | 西安凯立新材料股份有限公司 | 一种三苯基膦亚铜盐的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2005116198A2 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
WO2005116198A3 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
US7473797B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
EP1745006A2 (en) | 2007-01-24 |
CA2564585A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
EP1745006A4 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
AU2005248316A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
US20050255575A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
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