CN103664604B - 溴化烯炔化合物e,e-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸酯合成方法 - Google Patents

溴化烯炔化合物e,e-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸酯合成方法 Download PDF

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CN103664604B
CN103664604B CN201210345768.3A CN201210345768A CN103664604B CN 103664604 B CN103664604 B CN 103664604B CN 201210345768 A CN201210345768 A CN 201210345768A CN 103664604 B CN103664604 B CN 103664604B
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郭跃伟
王贺瑶
龚景旭
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有降脂减肥活性的结构式如下的长链溴化烯炔化合物E-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸酯的合成方法。该方法包括:a.式2化合物在硝酸银作用下与NBS进行溴化反应,生成式3化合物;b.式3化合物在胺、亚铜和盐酸羟胺作用下与6-庚炔-1-醇反应生成式4化合物;c.式4化合物经氧化剂氧化得到式5化合物;d.式5化合物在碱作用下与三甲基硅乙炔甲基三苯基溴化膦反应得到式6化合物;e.式6化合物在氟试剂作用下脱去保护基得到式7化合物;f.式7化合物在亚铜、钯试剂和胺催化下与1,2-二溴乙烯反应得到式I化合物。本发明提供的合成方法,合成路线新颖,操作简便。

Description

溴化烯炔化合物E,E-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸酯合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及药物合成领域,具体而言,本发明涉及具有降血脂活性的长链溴化烯炔化合物E,E-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸酯的新制备方法。
背景技术
目前世界范围内约有1.2亿人患肥胖症,另外有2.1亿人超重。随着我国经济水平的迅速提升,人们的生活方式也随之转变。日益常见的不健康饮食和体力活动水平的普遍下降,使得我国城乡人口超重发生率迅速上升,肥胖症患病率近年来也呈上升趋势。据调查资料显示,我国居民超重率为17.6%、肥胖率为5.6%,二者之和为23.2%。肥胖及其诱发的病症严重威胁和影响着人类生命安全及生活质量,因此预防、控制和治疗肥胖已经刻不容缓。
在开发利用我国的海洋生物资源,从中寻找具有生物活性及药用前景的海洋天然产物的过程中,从海洋生物海绵Xestospongia Tsstudinaria中分离得到的一种长链溴化烯炔不饱和脂肪酸类化合物:E,E-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸甲酯,其结构式如下所示:
研究显示此类化合物具有显著的胰脂肪酶抑制活性(参见申请号为201110180360.0的中国专利申请)。此类化合物在天然产物中含量稀少,生物来源困难,制约了其进一步的开发,而通过合成方法制备此类化合物是来源问题的有效途径。但到目前为止,还未有此类化合物的合成方法报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种长链溴化烯炔化合物的制备方法,所述长链溴化烯炔化合物具有如下式I所示的结构:
其中,R为C1-C5烷基,优选地,R为甲基、乙基、正丙基和异丙基;
所述制备方法按以下反应流程进行:
步骤a:在溶剂中,式2化合物在硝酸银作用下与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺反应,生成式3化合物;所述溶剂为丙酮或丁酮;反应温度为室温到回流;
其中,所述溶剂优选丙酮,反应温度优选室温;
步骤b:在溶剂中,式3化合物在胺、亚铜和盐酸羟胺作用下与6-庚炔-1-醇反应得到式4化合物;所述胺为甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二丁胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、三丁胺或二异丙胺;所述亚铜为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜或碘化亚铜;所述溶剂为甲醇或乙醇;反应温度为室温到回流;
其中,所述胺优选乙胺,所述亚铜优选氯化亚铜,所述溶剂优选甲醇,反应温度优选室温;
步骤c:在溶剂中,式4化合物经氧化剂氧化得到式5化合物;所述氧化剂为PCC(Pyridinium chlorochromate,氯铬酸吡啶嗡盐)、PDC(Pyridiniumdichromate,重铬酸吡啶盐)或三氧化铬二吡啶;所述溶剂为二氯甲烷或氯仿;反应温度为室温到回流;
其中,所述氧化剂优选PCC,所述溶剂优选二氯甲烷,反应温度优选室温;
步骤d:在溶剂中,式5化合物在碱作用下与三甲基硅乙炔甲基三苯基溴化膦反应得到式6化合物;所述碱为正丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂或二(三甲基硅基)氨基锂;所述溶剂为无水四氢呋喃或无水乙醚;反应温度为-78℃至室温;
其中,所述碱优选正丁基锂,所述溶剂优选无水四氢呋喃,反应温度为-78℃至-50℃;
步骤e:在溶剂中,式6化合物在氟试剂作用下脱去保护基得到式7化合物;所述氟试剂为氟化氢、氟化钾或四丁基氟化铵;反应溶剂为四氢呋喃或乙醚;反应温度为室温;
其中,所述氟试剂为四丁基氟化铵,所述溶剂为四氢呋喃,反应温度为室温;
步骤f:在溶剂中,式7化合物在亚铜、钯试剂和胺催化下与1,2-二溴乙烯反应得到式I化合物;所述胺为甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二丁胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、三丁胺或二异丙胺;所述亚铜为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜或碘化亚铜;所述钯试剂为四(三苯基磷)钯或二(三苯基磷)二氯化钯;所述溶剂为甲醇或乙醇;反应温度为室温到回流;
优选地,所述胺为三乙胺,所述亚铜为碘化亚铜,所述钯试剂为四(三苯基磷)钯。
具体实施方式
不需进一步详细说明,本领域技术人员借助前面的描述,可以最大程度地利用本发明。因此,下面提供的实施例仅仅是进一步阐明本发明而己,并不意味着以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
其中,R为甲基。
实施例1:10-溴-9-癸炔酸甲酯(式3化合物,的合成:
2.4克9-癸炔酸甲酯(式2化合物,按照文献Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn,1986,59,3535–3540方法由9-癸烯酸制得,)溶解于20毫升丙酮中,加入2.2克NBS(N-溴代丁二酰亚胺)和0.22克硝酸银,室温搅拌2小时,过滤除去不溶物,滤液减压蒸馏,残余物经柱层析得无色油状物2.4克(式3化合物)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.25-1.41(m,6H),1.42-1.54(m,2H),1.54-1.65(m,2H),2.17(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.25(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.61(s,3H).
实施例2:17-羟基-9,11-二炔十七酸甲酯(式4化合物,)的合成:
在氮气保护的反应瓶中依次加入10毫升甲醇,10毫克盐酸羟胺,2.5毫升70%乙胺,12毫克氯化亚铜以及0.26克6-庚炔-1-醇,缓慢滴加溶解于2毫升甲醇的0.6克10-溴-9-癸炔酸甲酯(式3化合物),加完后室温搅拌1小时,加水,乙醚提取,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,经柱层析得无色油状物(式4化合物)0.36克,收率55%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.31-1.61(m,14H),2.24-2.34(m,6H);3.65-3.67(t,2H),3.68(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):19.5,19.6,25.2,25.3,28.4,28.5,28.9,29.0,29.3,32.5,34.4,51.8,63.1,65.5,65.7,77.5,77.9,174.6;EI-MS m/z:79,91,105,117,131,145,149,191,292[M]+.
实施例3:17-氧代-9,11-二炔十七酸甲酯(式5化合物,)的合成:
0.34克17-羟基-9,11-二炔十七酸甲酯(式4化合物)溶解于5毫升二氯甲烷中,加入2克PCC,室温搅拌2小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,经柱层析得浅黄色油状物(式5化合物)0.25克,收率87%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.30-1.39(m,6H),1.46-1.62(m,8H),1.69-1.77(m,2H),2.20-2.31(m,6H),2.42-2.47(dt,J=1.5,7.5Hz,2H),3.65(s,3H),9.75-9.76(t,J=1.5Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):18.9,19.1,21.1,24.8,27.6,28.1,28.5,28.6,28.9,34.0,43.2,51.4,65.1,65.8,77.1,77.7,174.2,202.1;EI-MS m/z:79,91,105,109,117,131,161,171,185,290[M]+.
实施例4:E-20-三甲基硅-17-烯-9,11,19-三炔二十酸甲酯(式6化合物,)的合成:
在干燥氮气保护的反应瓶中加入0.36克三甲基硅乙炔三苯基溴化膦,溶解于5毫升无水四氢呋喃中,降温到-78℃,缓慢滴加1毫升1.6M的正丁基锂,温度控制在-50℃以下,加完后继续搅拌30分钟,加入溶解于4毫升无水四氢呋喃的0.2克17-氧代-9,11-二炔十七酸甲酯(式5化合物),加完后缓慢升至室温,继续搅拌10小时,加水,乙醚提取,有机相经硫酸镁干燥,过滤浓缩,经柱层析得无色油状物(式6化合物)0.13克,收率66%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.17(s,9H),1.24-1.37(m,6H),1.50-1.62(m,8H),2.03-2.11(m,2H),2.21-2.31(m,6H),3.66(s,3H),5.46-5.51(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.12-6.22(dt,J=15.6,7.2Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):0.08,18.9,19.1,24.8,27.5,27.6,28.1,28.5,28.6,28.9,32.4,34.0,51.2,65.1,65.5,76.9,77.5,92.7,103.9,110.0,145.4,174.2;EI-MS m/z:79,89,117,169,183,227,384[M]+.
实施例5:E-17-烯-9,11,19-三炔二十酸甲酯(式7化合物,)的合成:
0.2克E-20-三甲基硅-17-烯-9,11,19-三炔二十酸甲酯(式6化合物)溶解于5毫升四氢呋喃中,加入0.2克四丁基氟化铵,室温搅拌2小时,加水,乙醚提取,硫酸镁干燥,过滤浓缩,残余物经柱层析得无色液体(式7化合物)0.14克,收率86%。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ0.17(s,9H),1.21-1.40(m,6H),1.49-1.65(m,8H),2.09-2.11(m,2H),2.22-2.33(m,6H),2.76(s,1H),3.65(s,3H),5.41-5.47(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.17-6.23(dt,J=15.6,7.2Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):18.9,19.1,24.8,27.6,27.7,28.2,28.6,28.7,28.9,32.4,34.0,51.4,65.2,65.5,75.8,76.9,77.6,82.3,108.9,146.0,174.2;ESI-MS m/z:313[M+1]+.
实施例6:(17E,21E)-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸甲酯(式I化合物,)的合成:
在氮气保护的反应瓶中加入0.5克E-17-烯-9,11,19-三炔二十酸甲酯(式7化合物),溶解于20毫升甲醇中,再依次加入20毫升三乙胺,1克1,2-二溴乙烯,0.1克四(三苯基磷)钯,0.1克碘化亚铜,室温搅拌16小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,残余物经柱层析得无色液体(式I化合物)0.38克,收率:58%
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ1.23-1.40(m,6H),1.46-1.61(m,8H),2.05-2.16(m,2H),2.22-2.32(m,6H),3.66(s,3H),5.52-5.57(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),6.14-6.19(dt,J=15.0,7.2Hz,1H),6.27-6.32(d,J=14.0Hz,1H),6.61-6.66(d,J=14.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):19.0,19.1,24.8,27.6,28.2,28.6,28.7,28.9,29.7,32.6,34.0,51.4,65.2,65.5,76.9,77.6,84.6,90.6,109.5,117.5,145.3,174.2;EI-MS m/z:165,337,415,417[M-1]+.

Claims (8)

1.一种长链溴化烯炔化合物的制备方法,所述长链溴化烯炔化合物具有如下式I所示的结构:
其中,R为C1-C5烷基,
所述制备方法按以下反应流程进行:
步骤a:在溶剂中,式2化合物在硝酸银作用下与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺反应,生成式3化合物;所述溶剂为丙酮或丁酮;反应温度为室温到回流;
步骤b:在溶剂中,式3化合物在胺、亚铜和盐酸羟胺作用下与6-庚炔-1-醇反应得到式4化合物;所述胺为甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二丁胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、三丁胺或二异丙胺;所述亚铜为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜或碘化亚铜;所述溶剂为甲醇或乙醇;反应温度为室温到回流;
步骤c:在溶剂中,式4化合物经氧化剂氧化得到式5化合物;所述氧化剂为PCC(Pyridinium chlorochromate,氯铬酸吡啶嗡盐)、PDC(Pyridiniumdichromate,重铬酸吡啶盐)或三氧化铬二吡啶;所述溶剂为二氯甲烷或氯仿;反应温度为室温到回流;
步骤d:在溶剂中,式5化合物在碱作用下与三甲基硅乙炔甲基三苯基溴化膦反应得到式6化合物;所述碱为正丁基锂、二异丙基氨基锂或二(三甲基硅基)氨基锂;所述溶剂为无水四氢呋喃或无水乙醚;反应温度为-78℃至室温;
步骤e:在溶剂中,式6化合物在氟试剂作用下脱去保护基得到式7化合物;所述氟试剂为氟化氢、氟化钾或四丁基氟化铵;反应溶剂为四氢呋喃或乙醚;反应温度为室温;
步骤f:在溶剂中,式7化合物在亚铜、钯试剂和胺催化下与1,2-二溴乙烯反应得到式I化合物;所述胺为甲胺、乙胺、丙胺、丁胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二丁胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、三丁胺或二异丙胺;所述亚铜为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜或碘化亚铜;所述钯试剂为四(三苯基磷)钯或二(三苯基磷)二氯化钯;所述溶剂为甲醇或乙醇;反应温度为室温到回流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,
R为甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,
在所述步骤a中,所述溶剂为丙酮,反应温度为室温。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,
在所述步骤b中,所述胺为乙胺,所述亚铜为氯化亚铜,所述溶剂为甲醇,反应温度为室温。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,
在所述步骤c中,所述氧化剂为PCC,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷,反应温度为室温。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,
在所述步骤d中,所述碱为正丁基锂,所述溶剂为无水四氢呋喃,反应温度为-78℃至-50℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,
在所述步骤e中,所述氟试剂为四丁基氟化铵,所述溶剂为四氢呋喃,反应温度为室温。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,
在所述步骤f中,所述胺为三乙胺,所述亚铜为碘化亚铜,所述钯试剂为四(三苯基磷)钯。
CN201210345768.3A 2012-09-17 2012-09-17 溴化烯炔化合物e,e-22-溴-9,11,19-三炔-17,21-二烯二十二酸酯合成方法 Expired - Fee Related CN103664604B (zh)

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