CN1924385A - 三脚式等速万向接头 - Google Patents
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- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
- F16D3/2055—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part having three pins, i.e. true tripod joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
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- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D2003/2023—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints with linear rolling bearings between raceway and trunnion mounted shoes
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D2003/2026—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints with trunnion rings, i.e. with tripod joints having rollers supported by a ring on the trunnion
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Abstract
提供一种三脚式等速万向接头,包括:外接头件,其具有三个转向槽,转向槽有沿周向彼此相对的滚轮导面;三脚件,其有三个沿径向突出的耳轴;多个滚轮,每个插入对应的转向槽;及多个环,每个环装配在相应的耳轴上,用于可旋转地支撑耳轴。每个滚轮沿着滚轮导面在外接头件的轴向上可移动。环的内表面沿轴向截面形成凸弧R。耳轴的外表面沿纵向呈直线形,其横截面呈椭圆形,以使耳轴的外表面沿垂直于接头轴向的方向邻接至环的内表面,以及在环内表面和耳轴外表面之间沿接头轴向形成游隙。修改耳轴和环之间的接触椭圆形,与被限定使环的内表面和耳轴外表面之间的接触压力最小的接触椭圆形相比,保持高宽比b/a不变而减小曲率半径r。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用在汽车以及其他工业机器的传动系统中的三脚式等速万向接头,特别涉及一种三脚式等速万向接头,其扩展诱导推力的低振动特性范围,以便扩大相连的两根旋转轴之间的工作角度。
背景技术
等速万向接头是万向接头的一种,即使当主动轴的轴线与从动轴的轴线成一定工作角度的时候,所述等速万向接头也能实现等速连接。可以将等速万向接头分为固定接头和滑动接头。滑动接头通过接头的插入特性能够实现相对的轴向偏移。此外,滑动接头包括:三脚接头,所述三脚接头包括与一根轴的末端相连的三脚件,其中所述三脚件具有沿径向突出的三个耳轴;以及与另一轴的末端相连的中空的外接头件,其中所述外接头件具有延伸至轴向的三个转向槽(truck groove),所述三脚件的耳轴插入至外接头件的转向槽内,以便传递扭矩。
本发明的发明人已经提出过一些三脚式等速万向接头(以下简称为PTJ),这些三脚式等速万向接头通过使滚轮相对于耳轴自由倾斜活动来改善NVH(噪音、振动以及粗糙度,下文称之为NVH)特性。参考专利文献1和2。
如图1(A)和图1(B)所示的三脚式等速万向接头包括:外接头件10和三脚件20,两根连接轴中的一根与外接头件10相连,另一根与三脚件20相连。外接头件10具有三个转向槽,所述转向槽在接头体的内表面上沿着轴线方向延伸。在转向槽的相对侧壁上形成有沿着周向彼此相对的一对滚轮导面14。三脚件20具有沿径向突出的三个耳轴22,每个耳轴具有滚轮34,并且该滚轮34插入外接头件10的转向槽12内。滚轮34的外表面为与滚轮导面14相匹配的凸起的弯曲表面。滚轮34的外表面是凸起的弯曲表面,其母线为圆弧,该圆弧的曲率中心与耳轴的轴线对准或偏离耳轴的轴线。滚轮导面14的横截面为哥特式弧形。因此,滚轮34和滚轮导面14之间为角接触。
如图2所示,环32被装配至耳轴22的外表面22a。该环32和滚轮34通过多个滚针36而结合成一个整体,并且整体作为滚轮组件,实现环32和滚轮34之间的相对转动。如图1(A)和1(B)所示,耳轴22的外表面22a的纵向截面看起来像是平行于耳轴22纵轴线的圆柱。如图2(A)和图3所示的耳轴22的横截面为椭圆形,其长轴垂直于接头轴线,即三脚件20沿轴线方向的厚度减小而形成椭圆。换句话说,相比于标准圆柱表面,耳轴横截面的相对的弧形部分沿接头的轴线方向降低,从而形成椭圆。
如图4(A)和(B)所示,环32的内表面32a沿纵向形成凸弧R。这样,内表面32a的母线是半径为r的凸弧。由于凸弧、如上所述的耳轴22的椭圆形横截面以及耳轴22和环32之间设置的游隙,环32不仅可以朝耳轴22的轴向移动,而且还能围绕耳轴22枢转。
如前面所述,环32和滚轮34与滚针36组装到一起,以允许相对转动,由环32和滚轮34组成的组件被允许在耳轴22上枢转。在下文中,“枢转”被限定为:环32和滚轮34的轴线在包含耳轴22轴线和三脚件20轴线的平面内朝耳轴22倾斜。参见图1(B)。
借助上述的耳轴22的横截面和环32的横截面,当接头的工作角为θ时,耳轴22能够在不改变滚轮组件位置的情况下向外接头件10倾斜。趋于使滚轮组件倾斜的摩擦力矩有所减小。由于耳轴外表面22a和环的内表面32a所形成的接触椭圆的面积变得更小,由此使得接触区域成为小的点或圆。因此,由于滚轮和滚轮导面平行对齐,滚轮组件的方向稳定,从而使得滚轮平稳转动。该结构有助于获得低滑动阻力和诱导推力。
如上文所述,三脚式等速万向接头的耳轴的外表面与环的内表面的接触面称为接触椭圆。该接触椭圆的面积和形状与接头诱导推力及滑动阻力密切相关。因此,人们对接触椭圆的面积和形状进行了优化研究,但迄今仍未获得满意的结果。
接触椭圆的形状取决于耳轴22的椭圆形截面的短轴长度b和长轴长度a的高宽比以及环的内表面的纵向截面中的凸面R的曲率半径r。目前,已经给出了高宽比b/a以及曲率半径r的最佳值,以便将接触压力降至最低。通过用于最小化接触压力的高宽比b/a以及曲率半径r,能够保持诱导推力和滑动阻力使其低于某一工作角度。在到达一定工作角度之前,耳轴22和滚轮组件能够相对倾斜,而滚轮组件并不向外接头件的滚轮导面倾斜。但是,当工作角度大于某一工作角度时,由于所述接触椭圆干涉滚轮组件的运动,因此明显可以发现振动特性变差。因此,简单地增加耳轴22和滚轮组件之间的最大倾斜角度可能会恶化振动特性,从而由于接触压力增加而最终导致耐用性变差。
通过减小诱导推力和滑动阻力能够有效地解决汽车的NVH问题。通常,接头的诱导推力和滑动阻力取决于工作角度的度数。
当被应用于汽车驱动轴时,对于实现较大的工作角度而言,这成为设计上的局限。
为了具有较高的汽车驱动轴系统装备的设计自由度,其任务是如何获得低并且稳定的诱导推力和滑动阻力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过优化三脚式等速万向接头的耳轴和环之间的接触椭圆的形状来获得更低的诱导推力和振动。
为了解决这一问题,本发明的第一方面是通过减小曲率半径r并保持高宽比b/a不变来实现上述目标。
本发明的第一方面包括:外接头件,其具有三个转向槽,每个转向槽具有沿周向彼此相对的滚轮导面;三脚件,其具有沿径向突出的三个耳轴;多个滚轮,每个滚轮被插入相应的转向槽;多个环,每个环被装配至相应的耳轴上,用于使滚轮自由转动;每个所述滚轮能够沿外接头件的轴线方向随着滚轮导面一起移动;环的内表面沿纵向剖面形成凸弧R;耳轴的外表面沿纵向剖面呈直线形并且沿横截面呈椭圆形,以便使耳轴的外表面沿着与接头轴线方向相垂直的方向邻接至环的内表面接触,并且在环的内表面和耳轴的外表面之间沿着接头的轴线方向形成游隙;其中,减小曲率半径r并保持高宽比b/a不变。
为了使三脚式等速万向接头的环的内表面和耳轴的外表面之间的接触压力最小,目前被确信的是:接触椭圆应尽可能地接近圆形,如专利文件1的[0011]段和[0025]段所述。从这个观点出发确定了高宽比b/a以及曲率半径r的传统建议值。
通常认为:相对于耳轴的轴线方向,接触椭圆的形状沿周向稍稍拉长,从而在保持低水平的诱导推力和振动的同时,使接头的工作角度增大,这样能够最小化接触压力。然而,本发明的发明人没有固守这一观点,从而获得了本发明。
根据本发明第一方面的发明第二方面的特征在于,曲率半径r在1.9a到2.5a的范围内,并且高宽比b/a在0.8到0.9的范围内。该高宽比b/a与传统三脚式等速万向接头的高宽比一样较稳定。本发明在保持高宽比不变的同时减小曲率半径r。
如上所述,通过单独地减小环的曲率半径r,本发明能够为大工作角度的三脚式等速万向接头提供低的振动特性,并且使诱导推力低于某一数值,其中该数值受接触椭圆形的影响,该接触椭圆形在耳轴的周向上被拉长。
附图说明
图1A是根据本发明实施例的三脚式等速万向接头的横截面视图;
图1B是三脚式等速万向接头倾斜至工作角度θ时的纵向截面视图;
图2A是带有滚轮组件的耳轴的横截面视图;
图2B是环的纵向截面视图;
图3是示出耳轴的高宽比的放大横截面视图;
图4A是环的横截面视图;
图4B是环的平面视图;
图5是表示诱导推力机构的分析结果的表格;
图6是表示诱导推力机构的分析结果的曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图介绍本发明的优选实施例。本发明的三脚式等速万向接头的结构如图1至图4所示。之前对图1至图4的说明与本发明的相同,并且可用于本发明。本发明的新颖特征在于图3所示耳轴横截面的高宽比b/a与图4所示的环的内表面沿纵向剖面的凸面R的曲率半径r的组合。
三脚式等速万向接头通过椭圆形的耳轴22与内表面为凸形表面R的环32的接触来传递扭矩,因此需要考虑减轻双方的接触压力。为了减轻接触压力,专利文献1限定接触椭圆形在工作角度为15度时,其r=2.9a,而b/a=0.86。(参见专利文献1的表1)。当工作角度从15度增达到17度时,根据专利文献1的理论,需要减小反高宽比b/a和曲率半径r。因此,在专利文献1的表1中限定:当操作角度为20度时,r=1.994a,b/a=0.806。与此相反,本发明仅仅通过减小曲率半径r获得了更低的诱导推力。由于曲率半径r的减小使得接触椭圆的面积减少得并不多,因此与曲率半径r和高宽比b/a都减小的情况相比,在增大的工作角度下接触压力增加。
从借助机构分析软件所获得的模拟结果来看,在较高的工作角度范围内,曲率半径r和反高宽比b/a(reverse aspect ratio)都减小的情况以及仅反高宽比b/a减小的情况都不能使诱导推力减小,但是曲率半径r更小的情况能够有助于降低较高工作角度范围下的诱导推力。
图5表示对这些分析结果的总结。在图5中,传统实例是专利文献1中的表1所限定的。比较例1表示反高宽比b/a较小的结果,而比较例2表示曲率半径r较小的结果。机构分析的结果表明两种情况都不能提供足够低的诱导推力值。相反,本发明的曲率半径r较小的实例在大的工作角度范围内提供了足够低的诱导推力。在该实施例中,反高宽比被设为0.86,与传统实例相同;而曲率半径r则从2.9a减小到2.1a。
图6以曲线图表示模拟结果。在该曲线图中,虚线表示比较例1和2。实线表示本发明的实施例。假设诱导推力分量的可允许上限为20N,则该实施例实现了不小于2度的、相比于比较例较大的大工作角度。
本发明的等速万向接头能够方便地应用于汽车驱动轴系,用以为汽车提供更好的NVH特性,其中该NVH特性受诱导推力和滑动阻力的影响;同时增加了汽车驱动轴系设计的设计自由度。
Claims (2)
1.一种三脚式等速万向接头,包括:
外接头件,其具有三个转向槽,每个转向槽具有沿周向彼此相对的滚轮导面;
三脚件,其具有沿径向突起的三个耳轴;
多个滚轮,每个滚轮被插入所述转向槽;
多个环,每个环被装配在所述相对应的耳轴上,用于可转动地支撑所述滚轮;
所述滚轮能够随着滚轮导面朝外接头件的轴向移动;
所述环的内表面沿纵向剖面形成为凸弧R;
所述耳轴的外表面沿纵向剖面呈直线形、而沿横截面呈椭圆形,用以使耳轴的外表面沿着与接头轴线方向相垂直的方向邻接至环的内表面,并且在环的内表面和耳轴的外表面之间沿着接头轴线方向形成游隙;
其中,改变所述耳轴和所述环之间的接触椭圆形,从而与被限定用于使环的内表面和耳轴的外表面之间的接触压力最小的接触椭圆形相比,曲率半径r减小而高宽比b/a保持不变,其中:
r:环的内表面沿纵向剖面的凸面R的曲率半径r;
a:耳轴横截面椭圆的长轴长度;
b:耳轴横截面椭圆的短轴长度;
b/a:耳轴横截面椭圆的高宽比。
2.如权利要求1所述的三脚式等速万向接头,其中,所述曲率半径r从1.9a到2.5a,高宽比b/a为0.8到0.9。
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JP2005250165A JP2007064324A (ja) | 2005-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | 等速自在継手 |
JP2005250165 | 2005-08-30 |
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US (2) | US20070049380A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1788267A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2007064324A (zh) |
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US20110042530A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Mark Phillips | Flexipod with flexible bendable legs with a gripping surface |
JP5921858B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-28 | 2016-05-24 | Ntn株式会社 | トリポード型等速自在継手およびその製造方法 |
JP6440955B2 (ja) | 2013-04-30 | 2018-12-19 | Ntn株式会社 | トリポード型等速ジョイント |
JP2023162620A (ja) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-11-09 | Ntn株式会社 | トリポード型等速自在継手 |
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JP3599618B2 (ja) | 1999-03-05 | 2004-12-08 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手 |
US6478682B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2002-11-12 | Ntn Corporation | Constant velocity universal joint |
JP3889192B2 (ja) | 1999-11-05 | 2007-03-07 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手 |
US6632143B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-10-14 | Ntn Corporation | Constant velocity universal joint |
JP2001295855A (ja) * | 2000-04-13 | 2001-10-26 | Ntn Corp | 等速自在継手 |
JP3817415B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-06 | 2006-09-06 | Ntn株式会社 | 等速自在継手 |
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JP4184185B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2008-11-19 | Ntn株式会社 | トリポード型等速自在継手 |
JP2005133890A (ja) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-26 | Ntn Corp | トリポード型等速自在継手 |
-
2005
- 2005-08-30 JP JP2005250165A patent/JP2007064324A/ja active Pending
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2006
- 2006-04-27 US US11/411,837 patent/US20070049380A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-05-04 EP EP06252380A patent/EP1788267A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-01 KR KR1020060049311A patent/KR20070025956A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-08-07 CN CNA200610110736XA patent/CN1924385A/zh active Pending
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US20090199405A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
US20070049380A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
KR20070025956A (ko) | 2007-03-08 |
EP1788267A1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
JP2007064324A (ja) | 2007-03-15 |
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