CN1918818A - 用于多天线通信系统中的前同步码训练的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于多天线通信系统中的前同步码训练的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1918818A
CN1918818A CNA2005800050368A CN200580005036A CN1918818A CN 1918818 A CN1918818 A CN 1918818A CN A2005800050368 A CNA2005800050368 A CN A2005800050368A CN 200580005036 A CN200580005036 A CN 200580005036A CN 1918818 A CN1918818 A CN 1918818A
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CN1918818B (zh
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赛德·A.·姆塔巴
王晓文
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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Agere Systems LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0684—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using different training sequences per antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
    • H04B7/0851—Joint weighting using training sequences or error signal

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于在具有N个发射天线的多天线通信系统中传递数据的方法和设备。按照本发明的一个方面，在所述N个发射天线的每个上，标头格式包括传统前同步码，所述传统前同步码具有至少一个传统长训练字段和扩展部分，所述扩展部分具有至少N个附加的长训练字段。其中所述N个附加长训练字段可以是在所述N个发射天线上单音交错的，并用于MIMO通路估计。所述扩展部分可以包括用于功率估计的短训练字段。所述短训练字段可以是在所述N个发射天线上单音交错的，并具有延长的持续时间以支持波束控制。

Description

用于多天线通信系统中的 前同步码训练的方法和装置
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求在2004年6月10日申请的美国临时专利申请序列号为60/578776的专利申请的优先权，该申请被包括在本说明中作为参考。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及多天线无线通信系统，尤其涉及用于多天线通信系统的前同步码训练技术。
背景技术
已经提出多种发射和接收天线，用于在下一代无线局域网(WLAN)系统中提供增加的鲁棒性和容量。增加的鲁棒性可以通过采用在具有多天线的系统中引入的空间分集和附加增益的技术来实现。增加的容量可以利用带宽有效的多输入多输出(MIMO)技术在多径衰落环境中来实现。多天线通信系统通过在多个发射天线上发送单独的数据流来增加在给定的信道带宽内的数据速率。每个接收机在多个接收天线上接收这些数据流的组合。
为了正确地接收不同的数据流，在多天线通信系统中的接收机必须通过训练获得信道矩阵。这一般通过使用特定的训练符号或者前同步码进行同步和信道估计来实现。希望多天线通信系统和传统的单天线通信系统(一般被称为“单输入单输出(SISO系统)”共存。因而，传统的(单天线)通信系统必须能够解释由多天线通信系统发送的前同步码。基于OFDM调制的大多数传统的无线局域网(WLAN)系统遵从IEEE 802.11a或IEEE 802.11g标准(下文称为“IEEE 802.11a/g”)。一般地说，由传统的设备看到的前同步信号对于传统设备需要理解的分组的部分应当虑及精确的同步和信道估计。先前的MIMO前同步码格式重新使用传统的训练前同步码，以减少开销和改善效率。一般地说，所提出的MIMO前同步码格式包括传统训练前同步码和附加的长训练符号，使得扩展的MIMO前同步码格式包括用于每个发射天线或空间流的至少一个长训练符号。
对于发展中的多天线通信系统例如MIMO-OFDM系统，提出了许多帧格式。现有的帧格式对MIMO系统提供不精确的估计，例如不精确的功率测量或过时的频率偏差和定时偏差信息，或者对于一些销售商的传统设备不能提供完全向后的兼容性。在提出的一种MIMO格式中，每个发射天线顺序地发送一个或多个长训练符号，使得在某时只有一个发射天线是有效的。然而，随着这些发射天线被接通和切断，对应的功率放大器的温度将分别增加和减少。一般地说，功率放大器的这种发热和冷却将导致“呼吸”效应，其使得发送的信号相位相对于所需的信号具有相位偏移或幅值偏移。
因此，需要具有从所有的发射天线进行的连续发送，以避免与温度有关的信号“呼吸”。因而，在提出的另一种MIMO帧格式中，使用不同发射天线上的循环延迟分集(CDD)或单音交错(tone-interleaving)。不过，CCD短训练符号不能以足够的精度测量接收的信号功率。因而在RF链中需要附加的补偿(backoff)，并且在数字化处理中需要附加的动态范围。同样，单音交错的设计不能对许多现有的使用短训练进行定时同步或使用时域信道估计的802.11a/g设备完全向后兼容。
因此，需要一种方法和系统，用于在和当前的IEEE 802.11a/g标准(SISO)系统兼容的MIMO-OFDM系统中进行信道估计和训练，从而允许基于MIMO-OFDM的WLAN系统有效地和SISO系统共存。还需要能够提供改进的自动增益控制的MIMO前同步格式和训练技术。
发明内容
一般地说，本发明提供用于在具有N个发射天线的多天线通信系统中传递数据的方法和装置。按照本发明的一个方面，披露的一种标头格式包括在N个发射天线的每个上的传统前同步码和扩展部分，该传统前同步码具有至少一个传统长训练字段，该扩展部分具有至少N个附加的长训练字段。N个附加的长训练字段可以在N个发射天线上被单音交错，并用于MIMO信道估计。扩展部分可以包括用于功率估计的短训练字段。短训练字段可以在N个发射天线上被单音交错，并具有延长的持续时间以支持射束控制(beam steering)。
通过参看下面的详细说明和附图，可以更完全地理解本发明以及本发明的其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是示例的MIMO发射机的示例的方块图；
图2是示例的MIMO接收机的示例的方块图；
图3表示按照IEE 802.11a/g标准的常规的帧格式；
图4表示使用CDD的一种示例的可向后兼容的前同步码设计；
图5表示CCD信号的产生；
图6表示基于单音交错的另一种前同步码设计；
图7表示具有RTS/CTS保护的MIMO前同步码设计；
图8表示包括本发明的特征的前同步码设计，其可对802.11a/g传统设备向后兼容；
图9表示图8的短训练符号的一个示例的设计，用于测量MIMO的功率(AGC)；
图10表示用于在图1的发射机产生图8的短训练符号的一种示例的体系结构；
图11表示在示例的两个发送分支实现(或两个空间流的情况)中图8的第一长训练符号的示例的设计；
图12表示在示例的两个发送分支实现(或两个空间流的情况)中图8的第二长训练符号的示例的设计；
图13和图14表示包括本发明的特征的分别用于示例的3个和4个发射天线实现的前同步码设计；
图15表示另一种可向后兼容的前同步码设计；
图16表示包括本发明的特征的用于减少前同步码的长度的另一种前同步码设计；
图17表示用于SVD-MIMO的扩展本发明的前同步码格式的发射机的示意的方块图；
图18表示用于SVD-MIMO的前同步码格式；以及
图19表示混和的前同步码设计。
具体实施方式
本发明提供用于MIMO系统进行前同步训练的前同步码格式和技术。MIMO发送的训练阶段包括两阶段。第一训练阶段是尤其适合于例如WLAN OFDM传统系统的传统训练阶段，第二阶段尤其适合于多天线系统，例如MIMO系统。为了克服现有系统中的问题，接收机的自动增益控制(AGC)将在第一训练阶段期间进行一个训练，在第二训练阶段期间接收机的AGC将重新训练。这将使接收机能够在MIMO阶段期间重新训练其功率测量，以便确保精度，同时还使得接收机能够对不基于MIMO的WLAN系统向后兼容。
图1是MIMO发射机100的示意的方块图。如图1所示，示例的2天线发射机100编码从媒体访问控制(MAC)层接收的信息位，并在级105把编码的位变换成不同的频率音调(子载波)。对于每个发送分支，然后通过IFFT 115(逆快速傅立叶变换)把信号变换成时域波形式。在示例的实现中，由级120在每个OFDM符号之前加上800纳秒的防护间隔，由级125加上32μs的前同步码，以完成分组。然后在级128对数字信号进行处理，在RF级135在相应的天线140上发送该数字信号之前由变换器130把该数字信号变换成模拟信号。
图2是MIMO接收机200的示意的方块图。如图2所示，示例的2天线接收机200在相应的RF级260-1、260-2处理在两个接收天线255-1、255-2上接收的信号。然后由相应的变换器265把模拟信号转换成数字信号。接收机200处理前同步码以检测分组，然后在同步级270提取用于两个分支的频率和定时同步信息。在级275除去防护间隔。然后在级280通过FFT把信号变换到频域。在级285使用长训练符号获得信道估计。信道估计被应用于解变换器/解码器290，并且信息位被恢复。
图3表示按照IEEE 802.11a/g标准的常规帧格式300。如图3所示，帧格式300包括10个短训练符号t1-t10，被统称为短前同步码。此后，具有长前同步码，由保护性防护间隔(GI2)以及两个长训练符号T1和T2构成。信号字段被包含在第一实OFDM符号中，在信号字段中的信息是用于发送一般参数例如分组的长度和数据速率所需的。短前同步码、长前同步码以及信号字段构成传统的标头310。承载数据的OFDM符号在信号字段之后。
前同步码包括两部分，训练部分和信号字段。训练部分使接收机200能够进行分组检测、用于自动增益控制(AGC)的功率测量、频率同步、定时同步和信道估计。信号字段将以最低的速率被发送，并且给出例如关于数据速率和分组长度的信息。在MIMO系统中，信号字段还应当表示空间流的数量和发射天线140的数量。
接收机200使用前同步码得到前同步码中的所有的上述信息。根据这些信息，当数据到达时，接收机200除去GI，并使用FFT把数据变换到频域，进行解交错并对数据解码。
如前所述，在MIMO系统中，除去这些功能之外，最好使前同步码对传统的802.11a/g设备向后兼容，即，传统设备应当能够得到关于分组的持续时间的正确信息，以使得其可以正确地补偿，并且不中断MIMO HT传输。
应当注意，在多天线系统中具有3种技术用于实现正交。具体地说，可以使用(i)时间分集，(ii)循环延迟分集(CDD)，或(iii)单音交错(在频率上)实现正交。图4表示一种基于CDD的示例的可向后兼容的前同步码设计。如图4所示，传统的短训练、长训练、传统的信号字段和高吞吐量(HT)信号字段都以CDD方式被发送，如下面结合图5所述的那样。
图5表示通过把OFDM符号的最后的Δ个抽样放置在开头来产生CDD信号。不同的天线具有不同的循环延迟。于是，在信号字段之后是MIMO训练字段。在这种设计中，传统的训练字段被重新使用用于MIMO目的，于是，只需要MIMO长训练。MIMO长训练字段也是按这样的方式构成的CDD，即，使得不同的发射天线对信号附加不同的相移。
在图5的实施例中，在第二发送分支上的抽样被周期地移动，并且对应的防护间隔(GI)被加到发送分支Tx-1和Tx-2上。如图5所示，这种周期性的转动例如可以通过把一个OFDM符号(仍然没有防护间隔GI)的持续时间D的最后的抽样置于该符号的其余部分之前来实现。这样，便重新使用新产生的符号(如图5中的A’所示)中的最后的G个抽样(在802.11a OFDM中0.8μs)添加了防护间隔。这个周期性的转动在包括前同步码的每个OFDM符号的整个分组上对所有的OFDM符号进行。
应当注意，在IEEE 802.11a OFDM中的短前同步码没有显式的(explicit)防护间隔，因此，周期性转动应当对形成短前同步码的所有10个短前同步码符号进行，并且不需要GI随后的添加步骤。或者，对10个短训练分段(由于周期性，没有差别)的每一个可以单独地进行。对于长前同步码，应当对两个长训练序列的每一个或者同时对两个进行转动，其中也没有差别。这样，(长)GI将基于新构成的长训练序列。
图4的设计400的问题是：和MIMO训练以及数据接收的功率相比，传统的短训练的AGC功率测量不精确。一般具有6分贝的测量误差，这需要使A/D 265的动态范围增加1位。这不仅增加A/D成本，而且增加所有模拟和数字电路的动态范围。应当注意，图4的前同步码格式400使用传统标头中的第一长前同步码用于MIMO信道估计。
图6表示重新使用基于单音交错的传统前同步码的另一种前同步码设计600。在这种设计中，前同步码在天线上不以CDD方式发送(如图4所示)，而是使用单音交错被发送。传统前同步码的不同的单音与传统和HT信号字段被在不同的发射天线上发送，使得副载波(单音)在某时只在一个发送分支上是有效的。在MIMO长训练部分中，单音在天线上被交替，使得利用MIMO长训练和传统的长训练对所有的单音进行训练。这种设计600解决了功率测量的精度问题。不过，其对使用某种接收机算法的一些现存的供应商不完全向后兼容。应当注意，图6的前同步码格式600使用传统标头中的第一长前同步码进行MIMO通路估计。
然而，如果MIMO前同步码不能向后兼容，则必须使用MAC层保护机制，例如请求发送/清除发送(RTS/CTS)。如果是这种情形，则可以设计一种专用的MIMO前同步码，只用于优化MIMO系统性能。本发明提供了向后兼容的前同步码设计和具有RTS/CTS的前同步码设计。
具有RTS/CTS保护的MIMO前同步码
图7表示具有RTS/CTS保护的MIMO前同步码设计700。如图7所示，前同步码格式700包括10个单音交错的短训练符号，在示例的实施例中每个为0.8μs，用于分组检测、AGC和粗略频率偏移估计。然后，单音交错的长训练符号用于精细定时同步、精细频率同步和通路估计。在第一长训练符号之后是高吞吐量信号字段。该信号字段例如用于表示空间流的数量和天线的数量。然后，如果需要则发送附加的长训练字段。长训练字段的数量等于空间流的数量或发射天线的数量。在所有的长训练字段之后发送数据。图7的前同步码格式700不能向后兼容(因为其不含有传统信号字段)。
可向后兼容的前同步码格式
图8表示包括本发明的特征的前同步码设计800，其可以对802.11a/g传统设备向后兼容。前同步码设计800提供有专用传统部分810，其具有向后兼容的信号字段，以及用于MIMO系统的性能的专用的MIMO训练部分820。
在前同步码设计800中，发射机100首先使用CDD发送传统的802.11a/g前同步码810。传统的前同步码810进行分组检测和粗略频率偏移估计。这两个功能的结果还将用于MIMO传输。除去这两个功能之外，传统前同步码810还用于进行传统的AGC、定时和频率同步以及通路估计。然后接收机200解码后面的传统和HT字段。HT信号字段还使用CDD被传送。如图8所示，在传统的和HT信号字段的后面是MIMO短训练字段830，然后是MIMO长训练字段。MIMO短训练字段830只用于调整AGC设置，其长度可以比传统的短训练字段短得多。如图所示，MIMO短训练字段包括0.8μs的防护间隔和1.6μs的用于精确的功率测量的训练符号。
应当注意，图8的前同步码格式800不使用在传统标头中的第一长前同步码用于MIMO通路估计。专用的短训练符号830允许以较高的前同步码开销为代价(额外9.6μs)进行用于MIMO的精确的功率测量。因而，前同步码格式800提供低的动态范围要求(10位ADC)。
图8的MIMO长训练字段在和数据相同的频率栅格(grid)上被传送，如下面结合图11所述。因而，可以进行频域通路估计(FDE)。
图8的短训练字段830以单音交错方式构成，如图9所示。图9表示用于测量MIMO功率(AGC)的短训练符号830的一种示例的设计900。虽然具有12个单音的OFDM符号(即0.8μs长)对于提供4个天线上的精确功率是足够的，但是以略微较大的开销为代价，24个单音的OFDM符号(即1.6μs)提供更高的精度。对于两个天线的情况，提供的单音在发射天线上被交错，如图9所示。虚线单音被从1#天线发送，实线单音被从2#天线发送。
因为短训练符号830只有1.6μs长，只有24个单音被使用(总共有64个单音可用)。这些单音的指标都是4的倍数，以便结果的时域信号具有1.6μs的周期。在示例的两个天线的情况下，只有一半的单音在每个发射天线上被发送，即，每一个其它被使用的单音在第一天线上被发送，其余的单音在第二天线上被发送。此外，这个短训练符号830可以被进一步缩短到0.8μs，其只使用12个单音，以减小开销。
图10表示用于在发射机100产生图8的短训练符号830的体系结构。如图10所示，有效的虚线单音从天线1(TX-1)被发送，实线单音从天线2(TX-2)被发送。对于每个发送分支，有效的单音在1010通过IFFT(逆快速傅立叶变换)被变换成时域波形式，然后把时域信号在级1020转换成串行流，在从每个天线(TX)发送之前，在级1030数字信号被上变换为RF信号。
图8的MIMO长训练字段在短训练符号830之后被发送。在前同步码格式800中，因为AGC被重新调整，传统的长训练字段不能重新用于MIMO目的。长训练字段的数量等于空间流的数量或发射天线的数量。每个长训练字段以单音交错的方式被构成，在示例的实施例中，具有使用偶数/奇数单音的第一长训练符号和使用奇数/偶数单音的第二长训练符号。
图11表示在示例的两个发送分支的实现(或两个空间流的情况)中图8的第一长训练符号的一种示例的设计1100。示例的设计1100使用48个单音。在第一长训练字段中，偶数单音被在第一发射天线上发送，奇数单音被在第二发射天线上发送。
图12表示在示例的两个发送分支的实现(或两个空间流的情况)中图8的第二长训练符号的一种示例的设计1200。示例的设计1200使用48个单音。在第二长训练字段中，奇数单音被在第一发射天线上发送，偶数单音被在第二发射天线上发送。
用这种方式，在所有发射天线上的所有的单音或空间流在所有的长训练字段之后被覆盖。在更多的发射天线或空间流的情况下，在同一个长训练字段中，不同的天线发送不同的单音。在不同训练字段中各单音在天线当中被交替，以确保所有单音被训练覆盖。MIMO长训练字段被用于精细定时同步、精细频率同步和信道估计。
图13和图14表示包括本发明的特征的前同步码设计1300、1400，分别用于示例的3个和4个发射天线的实现。一般地说，对于每个附加的发射天线(或空间流)，前同步码格式被扩展，以包括附加的防护间隔和长训练符号(由两个3.2μs长的OFDM符号构成)。
可进一步向后兼容的设计
图15表示另一种可向后兼容的前同步码设计1500。前同步码格式1500具有两部分，具有和MIMO训练部分1520连接的传统前同步码1510。不同之处在于，长训练字段只使用1个OFDM符号，但在20MHz带内具有128个单音，或者在40MHz带内具有256个单音(在每种情况下符号时间保持6.4μs)。对于示例的两个发射天线的实现，只需要一个这种长训练字段(具有两个OFDM符号)(对于3个和4个发射天线的实现则需要两个这种长训练字段)。在前同步码设计1500中，根据这一个长训练字段估计所有的MIMO通路。必须使用时域通路估计或其它的频域内插通路估计。这种通路估计方法的缺点是性能的鲁棒性。这种通路估计方法可能对通路延迟分布是敏感的。
一般地说，前同步码设计1500通过把两个64点OFDM符号连接成1个128点的符号来减少前同步码开销。由于两个128点FFT，前同步码设计1500不包括0.8μs的防护间隔(因而需要时域通路估计，其比进行频域通路估计(FDE)更复杂)。应当注意，因为数据符号处于64点的频率栅格上，所以不能进行FDE，而在示例的实施例中，长训练符号处于128点的频率栅格上。如果数据在128点的FFT栅格上，则需要0.8μs的GI。
在具有4个发射天线的实现中，128点FFT被256点的FFT替代，并且OFDM符号时间增加到12.8μs。这将节省前同步码中的2.4μs(假定数据为64点)。
图16表示包括本发明的特征的另一种前同步码设计1600，其减少前同步码的长度。在前同步码设计1600中，只发送一个长训练字段(具有两个OFDM符号)。用这种方式，只有一些单音被训练覆盖，因而必须插入其它的单音。虽然这种设计1600的性能不是鲁棒的，但对于某些应用可能是有帮助的，例如通过IP传输话音(VoIP)，其中当分组短时性能要求是低的。
SVD前同步码设计
图17是用于SVD-MIMO(奇异值分解MIMO)的扩展本发明的前同步码格式的发射机1700的示意的方块图。在SVD方式中，应用操纵矩阵(steering matrix)把空间流映射到发射天线，如图17所示。除去引入在空间域中改变信号的空间操纵矩阵之外，图17的操作方式和图1的类似。
图18表示用于SVD-MIMO的包括本发明的特征的前同步码格式1800。一般地说，前同步码1800需要更多的调节，以便维持系统性能。在前同步码1800中，MIMO短训练需要长得多，这是因为在SVD方式中每个单音具有不同的功率定标。在图18所示的示例的格式1800中，使用3.2μs的前同步码进行AGC测量，其使用所有的52个单音。这52个单音被在所有的空间流上交错，并且对每个单音应用对应的操纵矩阵(来自图17)，以便形成被发送到发射天线上的训练符号。根据性能要求和通路延迟分布，可能需要一个以上的这种短训练符号。在长训练字段中的单音将首先在空间流上被交错，如在下面结合图13和图14所述，然后应用操纵矩阵以映射到发射天线。
混和的前同步码设计
图19表示包括本发明的特征的混和前同步码设计1900。混和前同步码设计1900认识到在上面结合图4、13-16以及18讨论的前同步码设计都具有公共传统前同步码部分，其后跟随传统信号字段和HT信号字段。它们的区别在于随后的MIMO训练部分。因而，可以使用HT信号字段表示MIMO训练格式，如图19所示。对于较长的分组，例如和视频传输有关的分组，可以使用图13和图14的前同步码设计，其具有较长的前同步码，但是表现出较好的性能。对于较短的分组，例如和VoIP相关的分组，可以使用图16的前同步码设计，其具有较短的前同步码和开销。对于这种设计，在HT信号字段只需要1位或2位用于表示前同步码训练格式，如图19所示。
应当理解，此处所述的实施例及其改变仅仅说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明的范围和构思的情况下，本领域技术人员可以实现各种实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种在具有N个发射天线的多天线通信系统中发送数据的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
在所述N个发射天线的每一个上发送传统前同步码和扩展部分，所述传统前同步码具有至少一个传统长训练字段，所述扩展部分具有至少N个附加的长训练字段。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述传统前同步码还包括至少一个短训练符号和一个信号字段。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述N个附加长训练字段是在所述N个发射天线上单音交错的字段。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述扩展部分还包括用于功率估计的短训练字段。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述扩展部分还包括识别前同步码格式的信号字段。
6.一种在多天线通信系统中的发射机，包括：
N个发射天线，用于在所述N个发射天线的每一个上发送传统前同步码和扩展部分，所述传统前同步码具有至少一个传统长训练字段，所述扩展部分具有至少N个附加的长训练字段。
7.如权利要求6所述的发射机，其中所述传统前同步码还包括至少一个短训练符号和一个信号字段。
8.一种用于在多天线通信系统中在至少一个接收天线上接收由具有N个发射天线的发射机发送的数据的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
在所述N个发射天线的每个上接收传统前同步码和扩展部分，所述传统前同步码具有至少一个传统长训练字段，所述扩展部分具有至少N个附加的长训练字段。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述N个附加长训练字段是在所述N个发射天线上单音交错的字段。
10.一种在具有至少一个包括N个发射天线的发射机的多天线通信系统中的接收机，包括：
至少一个接收天线，用于在所述N个发射天线的每个上接收传统前同步码和扩展部分，所述传统前同步码具有至少一个传统长训练字段，所述扩展部分具有至少N个附加的长训练字段。
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US20050276347A1 (en) 2005-12-15
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