CN1909964A - 含磷催化剂组合物以及使用该组合物的醛化反应的方法 - Google Patents
含磷催化剂组合物以及使用该组合物的醛化反应的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1909964A CN1909964A CNA2005800027037A CN200580002703A CN1909964A CN 1909964 A CN1909964 A CN 1909964A CN A2005800027037 A CNA2005800027037 A CN A2005800027037A CN 200580002703 A CN200580002703 A CN 200580002703A CN 1909964 A CN1909964 A CN 1909964A
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- carbonyl
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005161 aryl oxy carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical group CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims 1
- FQSDTIQFGVAWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium;(triphenyl-$l^{5}-phosphanylidene)methanone Chemical compound [Rh].C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=C=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FQSDTIQFGVAWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 46
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 34
- GGRQQHADVSXBQN-FGSKAQBVSA-N carbon monoxide;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O GGRQQHADVSXBQN-FGSKAQBVSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- SZKMTZNASRXXCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[2-(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl-diphenylphosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)CP(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1CP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SZKMTZNASRXXCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTEKOJQFKOIXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(trichloromethyl)benzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1 OTEKOJQFKOIXMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanal Chemical compound CC(O)CC=O HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorodiphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical group OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UXWWGYVYVDGDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-2-[2-(methylamino)phenyl]aniline Chemical group CNC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1NC UXWWGYVYVDGDTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种包括过渡金属催化剂和含氮二齿磷化合物的催化剂组合物,以及一种由烯烃的醛化反应制备醛的方法,该方法包括在高温高压条件下搅拌该催化剂组合物、烯烃化合物以及一氧化碳和氢气的混合气体。因此,保证了很高的催化活性以及根据取代基的类型对正构醛或异构醛的高选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括二齿磷化合物的醛化反应催化剂组合物以及使用该组合物的醛化反应的方法。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种由烯烃的醛化反应制备醛的方法,包括在高温高压条件下搅拌以含氮二齿磷化合物配体改性的过渡金属催化剂、烯烃化合物以及一氧化碳和氢气的混合气体。
背景技术
通常,醛化反应,也即众所周知的羰基化反应,是在金属催化剂和配体存在下,烯烃与合成气体(CO/H2)反应生成直链(正)或支链(异)的、比该烯烃多一个碳原子的醛的过程。羰基化反应最初在1938年由德国科学家Otto Roelen发现。2001年,全世界约8,400,000吨醛(包括醇衍生物)通过羰基化反应生产并消费(SRI report,November2002,682.700A)。通过羰基化反应制备的醛被氧化或还原为其相应的衍生物-酸或醇。另外,醛也可以通过羟醛缩和以及随后的氧化或还原转化为含长烃基链的酸或醇。如此制备的醇和酸被用作溶剂、添加剂、各种增塑剂的材料等。
目前,羰基化过程中主要使用钴以及铑催化剂。醛的N/I(直链(正)与支链(异)异构体的比率)的选择性根据所用的配体类型和操作条件而变化。到现在,一种铑催化的、低压羰基化方法已经被全世界至少70%的羰基合成工厂采纳。
除了钴(Co)和铑(Rh),铱(Ir)、钌(Ru)、锇(Os)、铂(Pt)、钯(Pd)、铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)等也可以用作羰基合成催化剂的中心金属。然而,由于已知催化活性的下降顺序如下:Rh》Co>Ir,Ru>Os>Pt>Pd>Fe>Ni,大多数方法和研究集中在铑和钴上。羰基合成催化剂的配体可以是膦(PR3,R=C6H5、n-C4H9)、氧化膦(O=P(C6H5)3)、亚磷酸盐、胺、酰胺、异腈等。然而,考虑到催化活性、稳定性和成本,很少有配体优于三苯膦(TPP)。因此,以TPP配体改性的铑催化剂被用于大多数羰基合成方法。进而,已知根据铑复合催化剂中存在的铑金属,采用100eq.或更多量的TPP配体来提高催化剂稳定性。
Eastman Kodak公司和Union Carbide公司(现为Dow化学公司的分公司)分别开发了一种分别给予催化剂高活性和高N/I选择性的二齿膦配体(美国专利4,694,109号和4,668,651号)。已知由Dow化学公司开发的二齿膦配体已应用于一些工厂。
美国专利6,653,485号公开了一种采用手性联芳膦或亚磷酸盐配体和过渡金属催化剂的不对称反应。尽管该专利公开含氮二齿磷化合物可以作为配体,含氮二齿磷化合物在醛化反应中的应用却无记载。
正构醛的工业重要性目前正显著提高。因此,需要对正-醛或异-醛表现出高选择性、在高温下有高催化活性的催化剂组合物。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种包括二齿配体和过渡金属催化剂的催化剂组合物,其具有高催化活性和N/I选择性。
本发明也提供了一种由烯烃化合物的醛化反应以制备醛的方法,包括在高温高压条件下搅拌该催化剂组合物、烯烃化合物以及一氧化碳和氢气的混合气体。
本发明也提供了一种作为二齿配体的化合物。
本发明也提供了一种制备作为二齿配体的化合物的方法。
根据本发明的一个技术方案,提供了一种催化剂组合物,包括:
(a)下面的化学式1表示的二齿配体;以及
(b)下边的化学式2表示的过渡金属催化剂:
其中,
各R1和R2为取代或未取代的1~20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的1~20个碳原子的烷氧基、取代或未取代的5~20个碳原子的环烷基或环烯基、取代或未取代的6~36个碳原子的芳基、取代或未取代的1~20个碳原子的杂烷基、取代或未取代的4~36碳原子的杂芳基、或者取代或未取代的4~36个碳原子的杂环基;
Ar1-Ar2为联芳基化合物;以及
R3为1~20个碳原子的烷基、6~20个碳原子的芳基、三芳基甲硅烷基、三烷基甲硅烷基、由-CO2R表示的烷氧羰基(其中R为1~20个碳原子的烷基或6~20个碳原子的芳基)、芳氧羰基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷羰基、芳羰基、酰胺、卤素或腈基,以及
M(L1)1(L2)m(L3)n (2)
其中,
M为过渡金属;
各L1、L2和L3为氢、CO、乙酰丙酮、环辛二烯、降冰片烯、氯或三苯膦;并且
各l、m和n为0至5的整数,且l、m和n的和不为0。
根据本发明的另一技术方案,提供了一种由烯烃化合物的醛化反应制备醛的方法,包括在高温高压条件下搅拌该催化剂组合物、烯烃化合物以及一氧化碳和氢气的混合气体。
烯烃化合物可以是由下面化学式3表示的化合物:
其中,
各R4和R5为氢、1~20个碳原子的烷基、氟(-F)、氯(-Cl)、溴(-Br)、三氟甲基(-CF3)、或者未取代或被1~5个选自由硝基(-NO2)、氟(-F)、氯(-Cl)、溴(-Br)、甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基组成的组的取代基取代的6~20个碳原子的苯基。
根据本发明的再一技术方案,提供了一种下面化学式1表示的化合物:
其中,R1、R2、R3和Ar1-Ar2的定义同上。
根据本发明的另一技术方案,提供了一种用于制备化学式1的化合物的方法,该方法包括:
下面的化学式4表示的化合物与碱反应获得胺盐;以及
该胺盐与XPR1R2(其中X为卤素,R1和R2的定义如上)表示的化合物反应获得具有直接磷-氮键的二齿化合物:
其中,
R3和Ar1-Ar2的定义同上。
本发明提供了一种包括二齿配体和过渡金属催化剂的催化剂组合物。
化学式1表示的二齿配体可以是各R1和R2为苯基、苯氧基、烷基、烷氧基或吡咯基且R3为甲基、乙基、苯基或乙酰基的二齿配体。
化学式1的联芳基化合物可以是下列化学式5或6表示的化合物:
其中,各R6、R7、R8和R9为氢、1~20个碳原子的烷基、6~20个碳原子的芳基、三芳基甲硅烷基、三烷基甲硅烷基、由-CO2R表示的烷氧羰基(其中R为1~20个碳原子的烷基或6~20个碳原子的芳基)、芳氧羰基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷羰基、芳羰基、酰胺、卤素或腈基,且优选,R6为甲基、甲氧基、叔丁基,R7为氢,R8为甲基、甲氧基或叔丁基,且R9为氢或甲基。
其中,各R10、R11、R12、R13、R14和R15为氢、1~20个碳原子的烷基、6~20个碳原子的芳基、三芳基甲硅烷基、三烷基甲硅烷基、由-CO2R表示的烷氧羰基(其中R为1~20个碳原子的烷基或6~20个碳原子的芳基)、芳氧羰基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷羰基、芳羰基、酰胺、卤素或腈基。
在过渡金属催化剂中,过渡金属M可为钴(Co)、铑(Rh)或铱(Ir)。更具体而言,过渡金属催化剂可为乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)、三苯基膦羰基乙酰丙酮铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)(TPP))、氢羰基三(三苯膦)铑(HRh(CO)(TPP)3)、乙酰丙酮二羰基铱(Ir(AcAc)(CO)2)或氢羰基三(三苯膦)铱(HIr(CO)(TPP)3)。
在本发明的催化反应中,在反应液中,过渡金属的含量可以在50~500ppm范围内。如果过渡金属含量低于50ppm,醛化反应可能会延缓,从而限制了工业应用。另一方面,如果过渡金属含量超过500ppm,由于昂贵过渡金属用量增加导致工艺成本提高。进而,反应速率不与过渡金属增加的量成比例增加。
基于1摩尔过渡金属,二齿配体的含量在0.5至100摩尔的范围内,优选1至20摩尔。如果二齿配体的含量低于0.5摩尔,催化剂体系的稳定性可能会降低。另一方面,如果其超过100摩尔,增加昂贵配体没有增加额外的好处,但可能增加工艺成本。
特别优选,过渡金属催化剂为乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2),并且二齿配体为2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-1)。
烯烃化合物可以是选自由乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯和苯乙烯组成的组的化合物。
应用于本发明的醛化反应的溶剂可为醛,如丙醛、丁醛和戊醛;酮,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮、苯乙酮和环己酮;芳香族,如苯、甲苯和二甲苯;卤化芳香族,如邻二氯苯;醚,如四氢呋喃、二甲氧基乙烷和二氧杂环己烷;卤化链烷烃,如二氯甲烷;链烷烃如庚烷;等。优选醛和如甲苯的芳香族。
用于本发明的醛化反应的合成气(CO/H2)的组分可以在宽范围内变化。通常,CO/H2的摩尔比率为约5∶95至70∶30的范围内,优选约40∶60至60∶40,特别优选约1∶1。
通常,醛化反应在约20~180℃(优选50~150℃)的温度和1~700巴(优选1~300巴)的压力下进行。
现将详细描述用于制备化学式1的化合物的过程。首先,将下面的化学式4的化合物溶于溶剂中,碱(如n-丁基锂)添加到反应液中,冷却至0℃或更低以获得胺盐。XPR1R2表示的化合物(其中X为卤素,R1和R2的定义如上)滴加入该胺盐溶液中,然后所得的沉淀经过滤、纯化和干燥,以获得化学式1表示的具有直接磷-氮键的二齿化合物。
其中,R3和Ar1-Ar2的定义同上。
在化学式1的化合物的制备中,溶剂可为四氢呋喃(THF)、苯、甲苯、醚、二氯甲烷等。特别优选THF。碱可以选自由n-丁基锂、叔丁基锂、氢化钠(NaH)、氢化钾(KH)、三乙胺和吡啶组成的组。
在XPR1R2表示的化合物中,X可为氯(Cl)、溴(Br)或碘(I),各R1和R2可以为苯基、苯氧基、烷基或烷氧基。
根据本发明包括含氮二齿磷化合物配体的催化剂组合物,表现出非常高的催化活性,同时表现出根据烯烃化合物的醛化反应中取代的类型而对正构醛或异构醛的高选择性。
具体实施方式
下面,本发明将参考以下实施例进行更加详细的描述。以下实施例是为了说明目的并不企图限制本发明的范围。
合成实施例1:2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-1)的合成
1.5g 2,2′-二甲基氨基-1,1′-联苯溶于无水四氢呋喃溶剂。6.5mL n-丁基锂(2.5M)溶液添加到反应液中,以冰水冷却,并搅拌30分钟。然后,将10mL的包含3.1mL一氯二苯膦的无水四氢呋喃溶液在搅拌中滴加入反应液,所得的溶液在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤沉淀,溶剂在减压下从剩余溶液中除去。所得的沉淀以少量纯化的乙醇清洗并在真空中干燥,得到2.66g(产量65%)题述化合物。题述化合物溶于氯仿-D(CDCl3)进行题述化合物的氢和磷核磁共振(NMR)谱分析。NMR分析结果如下:1H NMR(CDCl3):δ2.52(s,6H,-CH3),6.81~7.32(m,28H,Ar-H)。31P NMR(CDCl3):δ54.39(s)。
合成实施例2:2,2′-双[N-(二吡咯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-2)的合成
以合成实施例1相同的方法合成题述化合物,除了采用一氯二吡咯膦代替一氯二苯膦。题述化合物溶于氯仿-D(CDCl3)进行题述化合物的氢NMR谱分析。NMR分析结果如下:1H NMR(CDCl3):δ2.58(bs,3H,-CH3),3.04(bs,3H,-CH3),6.24(t,2H,-py),6.45(t,6H,-py),6.82(m,2H,-py),6.89(m,6H,-py),7.32-7.40(m,8H,Ar-H)。
实施例1~4:采用为乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)和2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-二苯(BPNP-1)的氢甲酰化反应
根据下表1中列出的相对铑的摩尔比率,0.100mg(0.390mmol)Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)催化剂、0.2mL GC分析的内标十六烷和作为二齿配体的BPNP-1,溶于甲苯溶剂直到反应液的总体积达到100mL,并装入Autoclave公司制造的高通量筛(high throughput screen,HTS)单元。反应气丙烯、CO和H2(1∶1∶1,摩尔比率)注入反应液中保持压力在6巴,然后反应液在85℃搅拌2.5小时。
所用催化剂和配体的类型、配体与催化剂的摩尔比率、N/I选择性以及催化活性列于下表1中。
表1中,N/I选择性值为正丁醛与异丁醛的产量比。基于用作GC分析内标的十六烷的量,计算各种醛的产量。
催化活性通过产生的正丁醛和异丁醛的总量除以丁醛的分子量、所用催化剂的浓度和反应时间得到。催化活性的单位是mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h。
表1
实施例 | 催化剂 | 配体(L) | L/Rh(mol/mol) | N/I | 催化活性(mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h) |
实施例1 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 1 | 1.8 | 169.5 |
实施例2 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 3 | 23.2 | 145.6 |
实施例3 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 5 | 23.6 | 139.9 |
实施例4 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 10 | 23.0 | 136.0 |
实施例5~9:根据反应温度采用乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)和2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)甲氨基胺]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-1)的丙烯醛化反应
催化活性实验以与实施例1相同的方法进行,除了配体与铑的摩尔比率固定为3并且反应温度变为从70到110℃,并以10℃的增量提高温度。结果见下表2。
表2
实施例 | 催化剂 | 配体(L) | L/Rh(mol/mol) | 温度(℃) | N/I | 催化活性(mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h) |
实施例5 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 3 | 70 | 23.1 | 50.4 |
实施例6 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 3 | 80 | 24.8 | 102.7 |
实施例7 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 3 | 90 | 27.1 | 168.4 |
实施例8 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 3 | 100 | 31.1 | 253.8 |
实施例9 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-1 | 3 | 110 | 27.8 | 275.1 |
实施例10~13:采用乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)和2,2′-双[N-(二吡咯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-2)的丙烯醛化反应
催化活性实验以与实施例1~4相同的方法进行,除了采用BPNP-2代替BPNP-1以外。结果见下表3。
表3
实施例 | 催化剂 | 配体(L) | L/Rh(mol/mol) | N/I | 催化活性(mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h) |
实施例10 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-2 | 1 | 1.2 | 188.2 |
实施例11 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-2 | 3 | 1.5 | 198.2 |
实施例12 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-2 | 5 | 2.2 | 144.6 |
实施例13 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-2 | 10 | 3.6 | 62.5 |
对比实施例1:采用乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)和三苯膦(TPP)的丙烯醛化反应
催化活性实验以与实施例1相同的方法进行,除了采用TPP作为配体且配体与铑的摩尔比率为100以外。结果见下表4。
对比实施例2~3:根据温度采用乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)和三苯膦(TPP)的丙烯醛化反应
催化活性实验以与对比实施例1相同的方法进行,除了反应温度为70℃(对比实施例2)和100℃(对比实施例3)以外。结果见下表4。
对比实施例4:采用乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)和ISO-44的丙烯醛化反应
催化活性实验以与对比实施例1相同的方法进行,除了采用二亚磷酸酯类配体6,6′-[[3,3′-双(1,1′二甲乙基)-5,5′-二甲氧基-[1,1′-二苯基]-2,2′-二基]双(氧)]双二苯[d,f][1,3,2]二氧杂膦(ISO-44,Dow)代替TPP,且配体与铑的摩尔比率为5以外,结果见表4。
对比实施例5~6:采用乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)和BISBI的丙烯醛化反应
催化活性实验以与对比实施例1相同的方法进行,除了采用2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦甲基)]-1,1′-联苯(BISBI)代替TPP,且配体与铑的摩尔比率为3(对比实施例5)和10(对比实施例6)以外,结果见表4。
对比实施例7:采用乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)和2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-0)的丙烯醛化反应
催化活性实验以与对比实施例1相同的方法进行,除了采用BPNP-0代替TPP,且配体与铑的摩尔比率为1以外,结果见表4。
表4
部分 | 催化剂 | 配体(L) | L/Rh(mol/mol) | 温度(℃) | N/I | 催化活性(mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h) |
对比实施例1 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | TPP | 100 | 85 | 3.9 | 85.4 |
对比实施例2 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | TPP | 100 | 70 | 3.6 | 26.4 |
对比实施例3 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | TPP | 100 | 100 | 8.0 | 177.2 |
对比实施例4 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | ISO-44 | 3 | 85 | 9.5 | 219.3 |
对比实施例5 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BISBI | 3 | 85 | 20.7 | 88.8 |
对比实施例6 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BISBI | 10 | 85 | 21.0 | 79.9 |
对比实施例7 | Rh(AcAc)(CO)2 | BPNP-0 | 1 | 85 | 1.1 | 21.9 |
如表4所示,在对比实施例1中,丙烯醛化反应采用单齿膦化合物TPP进行,催化活性为85.4mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h,且N/I选择性为3.9。在对比实施例2~3中,采用与对比实施例1相同的催化体系分别在70℃和100℃进行丙烯醛化反应,对比实施例3的催化活性(177.2mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h)显著大于对比实施例2的催化活性(26.4mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h)。N/I选择性也随着反应温度的提高而显著增加(3.6和8.0)。
目前可得到的配体中,ISO-44是已知的催化活性和N/I选择性最优秀的。也知道ISO-44仍以MARK-IV的商品名应用于某些工艺中。在对比实施例4中,丙烯醛化反应采用以ISO-44改性的催化剂进行,催化活性为219.3mol(BAL)/mol(Rh)/h,N/I选择性为9.5。
在对比实施例5~6中,丙烯醛化反应采用BISBI,可观察到20或更高的非常高的N/I选择性,但催化活性相对低。特别是,当配体与铑的摩尔比率提高时,催化活性逐渐下降。
另外,在采用2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-0,即,一种与BPNP-1的氮连接的甲基被氢取代的化合物)的对比实施例7中,催化活性很低。进而,在除了配体与铑的摩尔比率为3或更大外、以与对比实施例1同样的方法进行的实验中,由于很低的催化活性导致没有观察到醛。
在实施例2~4中,根据本发明的2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-1)被用作配体,且BPNP-1与铑的摩尔比率为3或更多,平均催化活性为高于采用Rh/TPP时的165%。N/I选择性约为23,高于采用Rh/TPP时对正构醛选择性的5.9倍。由这些结果,可以看到即使使用少量的BPNP-1也能保证很高的催化活性和高N/I选择性。即使配体与铑的摩尔比率由3增至10,也没有观察到催化活性降低。这与Eastman Kodak报告的同样条件下当BISBI的量增加时催化活性快速降低相反(美国专利4,694,109)。
在同样条件下比较采用ISO-44的对比实施例4和采用BPNP-1的实施例3,对比实施例4的催化活性比实施例3的催化活性高约30%。然而,对比实施例4的N/I选择性为9.5而实施例3的N/I选择性为23.6,为对比实施例4的2.5倍。也就是说,可以看到即使BPNP-1的催化活性略低于ISO-44的催化活性,BPNP-1仍表现出对正构醛的很高的选择性。
在实施例5~9中,以BPNP-1对铑3∶1的摩尔比率以及70~110℃不同的温度下进行丙烯醛化反应。当反应温度提高时,催化活性几乎线性增加且N/I选择性也缓慢增加,即,从23到31。在对比实施例2~3中也观察到这样的催化活性随着提高反应温度而增加。然而,在同样的温度条件下Rh/BPNP-1表现出较Rh/TPP更好的催化活性。另外,在实施例5~9的低反应温度和高反应温度下没有观察到反应液颜色变化。这表明BPNP-1改性的催化剂在上述条件下很稳定。
表3表明采用配体2,2′-双[N-(二吡咯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-2)(其中BPNP-1的R1和R2的苯基被吡咯取代)的实施例10~13的催化活性和N/I选择性。在实施例10~11中,BPNP-2与铑的摩尔比率相对低,催化活性高于采用BPNP-1的实施例1~7。然而,在实施例12~13中,当BPNP-2与铑的摩尔比率增加时,催化活性逐渐下降。该现象在采用BISBI的对比实施例5~6中也有发现。然而,当采用BPNP-1时,由于对正构醛的非常高的选择性,N/I选择性值约为23。当采用BPNP-2时,由于对异构醛的高选择性,N/I选择性值为3.6或更低。
由上述结果,可以看到以二齿配体2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-1)改性的乙酰丙酮二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)催化剂,与商业上广泛采用的Rh/TPP相比具有高出65%或更多的高催化活性以及对正构醛的高选择性。进而,即使在高反应温度下,催化活性和N/I选择性仍然稳定地保留。另外,以2,2′-双[N-(二吡咯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-2)(其中BPNP-1的R1和R2的苯基被吡咯取代)改性的催化剂表现出很高的催化活性和对异构醛的高选择性。
Claims (17)
1、一种催化剂组合物,包括:
(a)下面化学式1表示的二齿配体;以及
(b)下面化学式2表示的过渡金属催化剂:
其中,
各R1和R2为取代或未取代的1~20个碳原子的烷基、取代或未取代的1~20个碳原子的烷氧基、取代或未取代的5~20个碳原子的环烷基或环烯基、取代或未取代的6~36个碳原子的芳基、取代或未取代的1~20个碳原子的杂烷基、取代或未取代的4~36碳原子的杂芳基、或者取代或未取代的4~36个碳原子的杂环基;
Ar1-Ar2为联芳基化合物;以及
R3为1~20个碳原子的烷基、6~20个碳原子的芳基、三芳基甲硅烷基、三烷基甲硅烷基、由-CO2R表示的烷氧羰基,其中R为1~20个碳原子的烷基或6~20个碳原子的芳基、芳氧羰基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷羰基、芳羰基、酰胺、卤素或腈基,和
M(L1)l(L2)m(L3)n (2)
其中,
M为过渡金属;
各L1、L2和L3为氢、CO、乙酰丙酮、环辛二烯、降冰片烯、氯或三苯膦;及
各l、m和n为0至5的整数,且l、m和n的和不为0。
2、权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,化学式1表示的二齿配体的R1和R2各为苯基、苯氧基、烷基、烷氧基或吡咯基。
3、权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,化学式1表示的二齿配体的R3为甲基、乙基、苯基或乙酰基(CH3C(O)-)。
4、权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,化学式1表示的二齿配体的联芳基化合物为下列化学式5或6表示的化合物:
其中,各R6、R7、R8和R9为氢、1~20个碳原子的烷基、6~20个碳原子的芳基、三芳基甲硅烷基、三烷基甲硅烷基、由-CO2R表示的烷氧羰基,其中R为1~20个碳原子的烷基或6~20个碳原子的芳基、芳氧羰基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷羰基、芳羰基、酰胺、卤素或腈基,
其中,各R10、R11、R12、R13和R14为氢、1~20个碳原子的烷基、6~20个碳原子的芳基、三芳基甲硅烷基、三烷基甲硅烷基、由-CO2R表示的烷氧羰基,其中R为1~20个碳原子的烷基或6~20个碳原子的芳基、芳氧羰基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷羰基、芳羰基、酰胺、卤素或腈基。
5、权利要求4的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,在化学式5表示的化合物中,R6为甲基、甲氧基、或叔丁基,R7为氢,R8为甲基、甲氧基或叔丁基,且R9为氢或甲基。
6、权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,化学式2表示的过渡金属催化剂的过渡金属为钴(Co)、铑(Rh)或铱(Ir)。
7、权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,过渡金属催化剂为乙酰丙酮化二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2)、乙酰丙酮化羰基三苯基膦铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)(TPP))、氢化羰基三(三苯膦)铑(HRh(CO)(TPP)3)、乙酰丙酮化二羰基铱(Ir(AcAc)(CO)2)或氢化羰基三(三苯膦)铱(HIr(CO)(TPP)3)。
8、权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,在催化反应液中过渡金属的含量的总浓度在50~500ppm范围内,并且基于1摩尔过渡金属,二齿配体的含量在0.5至100摩尔的范围内。
9、权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于,过渡金属催化剂为乙酰丙酮化二羰基铑(Rh(AcAc)(CO)2),且二齿配体为2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-1)或2,2′-双[N-(二吡咯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-2)。
10、一种烯烃化合物的醛化反应以制备醛的方法,包括在高温高压条件下搅拌权利要求1至9任一项的催化剂组合物、烯烃化合物以及一氧化碳和氢气的混合气体。
12、权利要求10的方法,其特征在于,烯烃化合物选自由乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯和苯乙烯组成的组。
14、权利要求13的化合物,为2,2′-双[N-(二苯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-1)或2,2′-双[N-(二吡咯膦)甲氨基]-1,1′-联苯(BPNP-2)。
16、权利要求15的方法,其特征在于,碱选自由n-丁基锂、叔丁基锂、氢化钠(NaH)、氢化钾(KH)、三乙胺和吡啶组成的组。
17、权利要求15的方法,其特征在于,X为氯(Cl)、溴(Br)或碘(I),且各R1和R2为苯基、苯氧基、烷基、烷氧基或吡咯基。
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CN114669333A (zh) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-28 | 中山大学 | 一种催化α-季碳醛脱羰氢化的催化剂体系和催化方法 |
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CN114669333A (zh) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-06-28 | 中山大学 | 一种催化α-季碳醛脱羰氢化的催化剂体系和催化方法 |
CN114669333B (zh) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-06-23 | 中山大学 | 一种催化α-季碳醛脱羰氢化的催化剂体系和催化方法 |
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