CN1898318A - 生产不带静电荷和/或可泄放电荷的塑料容器的方法及按照该方法生产的塑料容器 - Google Patents

生产不带静电荷和/或可泄放电荷的塑料容器的方法及按照该方法生产的塑料容器 Download PDF

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CN1898318A
CN1898318A CNA2004800382566A CN200480038256A CN1898318A CN 1898318 A CN1898318 A CN 1898318A CN A2004800382566 A CNA2004800382566 A CN A2004800382566A CN 200480038256 A CN200480038256 A CN 200480038256A CN 1898318 A CN1898318 A CN 1898318A
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R·舒巴赫
K·P·施密德特
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Mauser Werke GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及:由热塑性材料生产多层容器(10)的方法,所述容器用于贮存和运输液态灌注材料,特别是用于可燃或爆炸性灌注材料;以及采用所述方法生产的塑料容器。本发明容器备有薄、不能永久带静电或能泄放电荷的外层。按照本发明,外层的不能永久带静电或能泄放电荷的性质是通过加入并混合规定数量基于聚合物的特定配混料到外层的塑料基材料中造成的,该外层的层厚如此之薄,以致混合的外层的透明性或半透明性不受影响或者仅轻微地受影响,因此倒入到容器中的液体的充满程度仍然可以容易地进行光学检测,而不需要采取任何其他措施。

Description

生产不带静电荷和/或可泄放电荷的塑料容器的方法及 按照该方法生产的塑料容器
技术领域
本发明涉及生产多层的、不能带静电荷或/和可泄放电荷的热塑性材料制的容器的方法,以及按该方法生产的具有永久抗静电或/和电荷泄放涂层的塑料容器,用于贮存和运输液态灌注材料,特别是用于可燃或潜在爆炸性灌注材料。
此种类型塑料容器通常具有垂直取向的容器壁与水平容器顶壁和容器底壁,其中一个气密或液密可关闭填充和/或泄放口布置在至少容器顶壁或在容器盖上。盖塑料容器可设计成,例如,罐、桶、带气密头的鼓、具有可拆卸盖和夹紧环的鼓,或者作为码垛盘(Paletten)容器的内容器。
为用于或加入可燃或潜在爆炸性灌注材料,塑料容器常常——至少在外层——用导电炭黑着色成黑色,以便获得不能带静电或能泄放静电荷的表面。
一般可心的是,具有着色外层的塑料容器能标明容器的相应注满或排净状态。此种塑料容器通常具有供观察的狭窄垂直条,指示灌注材料在容器中的相应充满程度。通过吹塑方法制造具有观察条的塑料容器相当复杂并且要求挤出头的相应机器Ausstattung配备供应观察条的材料的附加挤出机。
现有技术
在例如DE 196 05 890 A1(Pro.19.02.96)中,公开一种码垛盘容器(=此类型流体容器)。当此类型流体容器注满和排净时,或者当由于在运输中的运动导致液态灌注材料来回逛荡时,或者对此种塑料容器中的流体进行搅拌,以便达到,例如,混合的目的时,由流体与容器表面之间的摩擦产生的电荷被——据该出版物称——内容器的永久抗静电或电荷泄放外层和金属支撑框(钢码垛盘)泄放至地。
这里的永久抗静电涂层由具有导电碳黑添加剂的塑料(这通常被称作电荷泄放,而不是抗静电涂层!)制成。这就防止了在塑料一内容器和金属格子笼之间很可能还伴随火花产生的放电,从而导致码垛盘容器的潜在可燃灌注材料或气体和蒸汽的潜在爆炸性混合物的点燃。
具有着色或黑色外层(导电碳黑)的公知码垛盘容器的缺点在于,不利地排除了不用观察条而仍能观察灌注程度控制的可能,因为塑料内容器外面着了色。炭黑的加入还显著降低塑料的机械强度,特别是通过降低其抗龟裂及其可焊性。
另一种码垛盘容器公开在DE 38 44 605(Sch.11.06.88),它具有至少一个由半透明或透明塑料制成的观察条,构成一种着黑色的塑料的装置(连续着色的单层材料)。
另外,DE 41 36 766(Ro.08.11.91)公开一种多层容器壁,其着色外容器层在该层中镶有长条形的层不连续区。该条形层不连续区的材料连接着外容器层的着色塑料。
另一种码垛盘容器公开在DE 202 06 436(Pro.23.04.02),它包括多层内容器,该内容器具有以炭黑着色的抗静电外层和至少一个由透明塑料制成的一体的观察条。
现有技术的缺点
所有上面描述的着色塑料容器都具有布置在容器壁中并由内层的无色塑料构成的连续观察条。此种塑料容器的制造涉及复杂加工并且一般都要求额外的挤出机。如果观察条与相邻体积标尺彼此装配,则观察条在内容器上的圆周位置必须恰好与体积标尺的圆周位置匹配。另外,内容器制造期间,即,管状型坯在长方形吹塑模具内吹胀并拉伸期间,难以维持观察条在内容器上准确的竖向对准。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种相应方法和按该法生产的塑料容器,它具有优越的性质:它具有不能永久带静电或能泄放电荷的表面,但没有已知塑料容器的上面提到的缺点(着黑色)。
这一目的由本发明借助权利要求1的特征实现。按照该方法,外层的不能永久带静电或泄放电荷性能通过在外层无色塑料中加入和混合有限数量特定聚合物基配混料进行调节,并且外层的层厚做得如此之薄,以致复合的外层的透明性或半透明性根本不或仅微不足道地下降,因此容器中灌注的流体的充满程度可以进行光学检测,而不需要采取任何其他措施。此种特殊配混料几乎无色或仅具有非常轻微的着色性能。因此,一个非常重要的优点是,用该混炼了抗静电母料(Permastat材料),塑料容器的电荷泄放或永久抗静电外层能保持透明或半透明,因此免除对结合进观察条的需要。
这里该薄外层的“不能带电”或“泄放电荷”作用是利用一种导电透明共聚热塑性材料达到的。在此,它是一种聚酰胺-聚酰胺醚嵌段(block)酰胺塑料,其导电性是通过一种所谓“官能团”,即,聚醚嵌段酰胺得到的。加入到外层塑料基础材料中的此种共聚物的数量介于约10%~20%。表面电阻达到1012~108Ω/sq之间,致使该容器不再能带电并且处于其泄放电荷能力的极限。此种不能带电的效应即便在大气湿度非常低(例如,约10%的大气湿度)的情况下都不减弱。所达到的抗静电性能代表所用材料预防摩擦电荷聚集的能力,其中该导电热塑性配混料是一种塑料基础材料和导电添加剂的混合物,添加剂克服了基础材料的天然绝缘性质。
由于吹塑方法,特别是带棱角的大容量塑料容器,例如,码垛盘容器的内容器的,导致棱角区域被显著拉伸,因此外部不可带静电或静电荷泄放塑料层的层厚可能变得太薄或者该层甚至会龟裂。这对容器的功能性产生不利影响。借助传统测量方法,例如,棒状或环状电极,几乎不可能或者完全不能确定外层对零部件本身的有效性(表面电阻、电荷泄放能力),因为吹塑方法中生产的自由-形式表面常常是弯曲的。
按照本发明一种实施方案,将有限数量的彩色颜料加入到外层塑料中并混合,借此使外层塑料轻微着色,以致薄外层的二维分布及其层厚分布可以看出和通过简单光学检验加以评估。因此,混合的外层的透明性或半透明性根本不下降或仅略微下降,于是灌注在容器中的流体的充满程度仍旧可以进行光学检测,而不需要采取任何其他措施。
替代地,在本发明另一种实施方案中,将有限数量的荧光增白剂(化学添加剂)加入到外层塑料中并混合,这在一般条件下几乎不产生着色,替代地,外层塑料仅带上轻微光学蓝色调。然而,在特殊照明条件下,例如,在用黑光照射之下,该薄外层的二维分布及其层厚分布可以看出并可用光学方法精确地评估。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,易熔、易拉伸聚合物,例如,LLDPE材料(线型低密度聚乙烯)或LDPE材料(低密度聚乙烯)被用作外层的塑料材料,而高分子量、高粘度、抗拉伸、耐冷冲击HDPE材料(高密度聚乙烯)被用作多层容器的中心层或/和内层),其中抗静电母料(Permastat材料)就混入后者中。当在加入这些材料和在吹塑成形中,采用LLDPE材料或LDPE材料时,与HDPE材料相比,此类材料可在同样温度在高度拉伸区域较容易拉伸,例如在码垛盘容器塑料内容器棱角区域内的表面分布更好和层厚分布得更均一。
本发明的有利改进之处被包含在所附权利要求书中。
本发明塑料容器具有以下优点:
-容器的外层不能永久带静电或能泄放静电荷,
-外层分布的均一性及其层厚可进行光学辨认或用肉眼评估,
-塑料容器中液态灌注材料的充满程度可在任何时刻、从任何观察角轻易地进行光学确定,
-指出充满程度的容积标尺可加在任何,即适当位置。
描述:现在将更详细解释并描述参考码垛盘容器的实例的本发明塑料容器。可用作可周转容器的该码垛盘容器具有主要由高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制造的可互换的、长方形内容器,具有前壁、后壁和2个侧壁、一个被成形为排放底的底、一个配备着可用罗纹盖盖住的灌注口的顶壁,和一个配置在前侧壁下部并具有排净配件的排净口。
该塑料内容器由支撑码垛盘支撑着,叉车能从所有四面插入该码垛盘。薄壁塑料内容器外面被连接在支撑码垛盘上,交叉的垂直与水平金属棒构成的格子框(支撑笼)包围着。
主要由高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)通过吹塑挤出生产的塑料内容器由相对厚的中心层、优选薄的内层,和非常薄的永久不能带静电或能电荷泄放的外层构成。
中心层的厚度介于约1mm~2mm,优选约1.5mm,内层的厚度为约0.5mm。外层的厚度介于0.05mm~0.5mm,优选约0.2mm。粒状或磨碎的回收的聚乙烯材料(回收HDPE)被用作中心层,而新的高密度聚乙烯粒料(无色或带天然色的HD-PE)被用作内层。混炼进抗静电材料(可包括,例如,合成硅酸和氧化铝混合物的被加入的Permastat母粒)的线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)或低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)优选用作外层。凭借此种特定LDPE材料,薄外层能较好地适应拉伸,特别是在大容量容器,例如,码垛盘容器的内容器受高度拉伸的棱角区域。薄外层的不带电作用可通过将该共聚物加入到塑料基础材料中成为“三维网络”来达到。该共聚物网络是在挤出机中由强烈剪切作用,从而使原来的球形共聚物拉伸成为狭长薄片而形成或包括进去的。拉伸得越多,塑料基础材料的导电性越好。挤出机中的加工温度优选为约200℃。
为能生产出具有带上浅蓝色调但依然透明的容器壁的本发明塑料容器,可采用基于LLDPE(商品名Clearflex),外加0.2%紫外吸收剂(商品名Chimasorb)及少量有机蓝色颜料的Permastat配混料,后者以现成混合好的配混料形式引入到供给面层料的挤出机中。在采用荧光增白剂以便通过以黑光照射评估面层的实施方案中,将加入了20%导电化合物(Irgastat)和0.2%荧光增白剂(Uvitex)的Lupolen(卢波伦)塑料材料作为载体材料引入到面层料的挤出机中。电荷泄放外层的层厚被调节到,在最终容器中,0.2mm。这样便可以容易和可靠地核实该层是否连续地分布并表面覆盖整个层分布。
在本发明中,多层优选由3层组成的塑料容器由管状型坯在吹塑模具中被吹胀成最终的容器。该管状型坯则在连接3台连接的挤出机(一台挤出机供高纯度内层,一台挤出机供由清洁回收粒料制成的中心层,另一台挤出机供那个薄抗静电外层)的连续操作挤出头或者在间歇操作贮存头中生产出来,其中这3层在挤出头内彼此均质地连接并从挤出头的对应环状注料嘴脱模出来,例如,为生产1000L容量码垛盘容器的内容器,应制成壁厚约35mm、外径约300mm的管状中间产品,然后在吹塑模具中在压缩空气作用下吹胀成为平均壁厚为约2.5mm的最终塑料容器。
不同于已知方法,在已知方法中,加热的电离金属颗粒被吹到塑料容器表面上去并熔融到塑料材料的表面中,或者优选地用导电聚合物将一个导电清漆层施涂到最终塑料容器中,而本发明方法则最初在挤出头中生产出一种管状型坯,它们由3个彼此以熔融状态匀质地连接的聚乙烯层组成。外层,通过在挤出机中与抗静电化合物均匀混炼(在约200℃操作温度),具有连续抗静电性质,它,更具体地说,是永久并完全不受磨耗和机械应力影响的。特别是,如同在实际应用中所证明的,从外面涂上去的清漆会被运输的运动磨损(格子框对容器表面的擦伤)而且由于它们的材料性质不同,因此会在环境作用(潮湿、雾气、紫外照射)下脱落,并且会大面积脱落或剥离。
下面将结合示意地表示在附图中的实施方案实施例详细地解释和描述本发明。其中显示:
附图的简要说明
图1、本发明码垛盘容器,
图2、带有充满程度标尺的抗静电塑料内容器,
图3、多层容器壁的断面,
图4、带有罗纹盖的桶状抗静电塑料容器,以及
图5、罐形式的抗静电塑料容器。
图1显示一种码垛盘容器10,特别是用于可燃或潜在爆炸性液体,连同底部码垛盘16,包括:由塑料制成的薄壁长方形内容器12,它具有可盖住的顶部灌注口和带有配件18的底部排净口,以及环绕内容器12的格子框14(支撑笼),格子框14由垂直和水平金属棒组成,其中内容器12备有透明或半透明塑料材料的永久抗静电外层并包括加在外面的充满程度标尺。
塑料内容器12被制成多层容器并通过挤出吹塑方法生产。塑料内容器12包括,如图3所示,中心层20、永久抗静电外层22和内层24。
在另一种实施方案中,塑料内容器可备有中心层和永久抗静电外层以及内层。
有利的是,塑料内容器12备有泄放配件18,它也是注塑零件,由抗静电或电荷泄放塑料制成。
此种构造码垛盘容器适合Ex1-区域并且满足用于灌注有害类别3、闪点低于61℃的灌注材料(Füllgüter)的新运输条例(2003)。
图4和5显示本发明“抗静电”塑料容器的另一些范例实施方案,呈具有罗纹盖的塑料桶26,和塑料罐28的形式。

Claims (13)

1.一种生产用于贮存和运输液态灌注材料,特别是可燃或潜在爆炸性灌注材料,的热塑性材料多层容器的方法,其中该容器备有不能永久带静电或能泄放电荷的外层,
其特征在于,
外层的不能永久带静电或可泄放静电荷的性质是通过在外层的塑料材料中加入并混合有限数量的特定聚合物-基配混料来调节的,并且外层的层厚做得如此之薄,以致混合的外层的透明性或半透明性根本不或仅微不足道地下降,因此容器中灌注的流体的充满程度可以容易地进行光学检测,而不需要采取任何其他措施。
2.权利要求1的方法,
其特征在于,
将有限数量的彩色颜料加入到外层的塑料材料中并混合,借此使外层的塑料材料轻微着色,以致薄外层的二维分布及其层厚分布可以看出和评估,然而其中,混合并用彩色颜料轻微着色的外层的半透明度仅略微下降,于是灌注在容器中的流体的充满程度仍旧可以良好地进行光学检测。
3.权利要求1的方法,
其特征在于,
将有限数量的荧光增白剂加入并混入到外层的塑料材料中,这在一般条件下使外层的塑料材料产生几乎不可察觉的着色,然而其中,在特殊照明条件下,例如,在用黑光照射之下,该薄外层的二维分布及其层厚分布可以看出和评估。
4.权利要求1、2或3的方法,
其特征在于,
易熔、易拉伸热塑性材料(聚合物),例如,LLDPE材料(线型低密度聚乙烯)或LDPE材料(低密度聚乙烯)被用作薄外层的塑料材料,而高分子量、耐冷冲击HDPE材料(高密度聚乙烯)被用作多层容器的中心层或/和内层。
5.权利要求1、2、3或4的方法,
其特征在于,
塑料容器外层的层厚度被调节到塑料容器壁厚的约0.25%~5%,优选约2.0%的厚度。
6.权利要求1、2、3或4的方法,
其特征在于,
约1000L容量的码垛盘容器的大容积塑料的内容器的外层的层厚度被调节到约0.05mm~0.2mm,优选约0.1mm,对于平均壁厚为约2mm~2.5mm的情况而言。
7.一种用于贮存和运输液态灌注材料,特别是用于可燃或潜在爆炸性灌注材料的热塑性材料的容器,其具有配置在容器顶壁或在容器盖上的至少一个气密和液密可盖住的灌注或/和排净口,其中容器备有不能永久带静电或能泄放静电荷的外层,
其特征在于,
外层的永久不能带静电或可泄放静电荷的性质通过在外层的塑料材料中加入有限数量的特定配混料并混合来调节,外层的层厚做得如此之薄,以致混合外层的透明性或半透明性根本不或仅轻微地降低,故容器中灌注的流体的充满程度可以容易地进行光学检测,而不需要采取任何其他措施。
8.权利要求7的容器,
其特征在于,
将有限数量的彩色颜料混入到抗静电外层的塑料材料中,从而使外层的塑料材料轻微着色,其中薄外层的二维分布及其层厚分布可看出和评估。
9.权利要求7的容器,
其特征在于,
将有限数量的荧光增白剂混入到抗静电外层的塑料材料中,这在一般条件下使外层塑料材料产生几乎不可察觉的着色,然而,在特殊照明条件下,例如,在用黑光照射之下,该薄外层的二维分布及其层厚分布可以看出并评估。
10.权利要求7、8或9的容器,
其特征在于,
抗静电外层的层厚度调节到塑料容器壁厚的约0.25%~5%,优选约2%。
11.权利要求7、8或9的容器,
其特征在于,
约1000L容量的码垛盘容器的大容积塑料内容器的外层层厚度被调节到0.05mm~0.2mm,优选约0.1mm的层厚。
12.权利要求7、8、9、10或11的容器,
其特征在于,
薄外层的塑料材料由易熔、易拉伸热塑性材料(聚合物),例如,LLDPE材料(线型低密度聚乙烯)或LDPE材料(低密度聚乙烯)组成,而多层容器的中心层和内层的塑料材料则由高分子量、耐冷冲击HDPE材料(高密度聚乙烯)组成。
13.以上权利要求7~12之一的容器,
其特征在于,
码垛盘容器(10)的薄壁长方形内容器(12)的构造包括在顶壁上的灌注口和底部的排净口,其上安装着由永久抗静电或电荷泄放塑料制成的抽吸配件(18)。
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KR100663737B1 (ko) * 1998-11-20 2007-01-03 다이셀 가가꾸 고교 가부시끼가이샤 Pet 재생 수지조성물 및 그의 성형품 또 난연성수지조성물 및 그의 성형품
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JP4917719B2 (ja) * 2000-08-30 2012-04-18 三洋化成工業株式会社 帯電防止剤及びこれを用いた樹脂組成物
CN1558825A (zh) * 2001-09-28 2004-12-29 �Ѻ͵繤���ϲ�Ʒ��ʽ���� 层压膜、密封膜和包装
DE20206436U1 (de) 2002-04-23 2002-08-08 Protechna S.A., Freiburg/Fribourg Transport- und Lagerbehälter für Flüssigkeiten
JP4705578B2 (ja) 2003-10-23 2011-06-22 マウザー−ヴェルケ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 静電的に帯電不能なまたは/かつ電気的に放出可能なプラスチック容器を製作するための方法および該方法により製作されたプラスチック内側容器

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DE112004001987A5 (de) 2010-12-23
PL1675905T3 (pl) 2018-08-31
MXPA06004466A (es) 2006-07-06
US7897223B2 (en) 2011-03-01
ZA200603185B (en) 2007-06-27
BRPI0415834A (pt) 2007-01-02
AU2004284215A1 (en) 2005-05-06
JP4705578B2 (ja) 2011-06-22
BRPI0415834B1 (pt) 2015-08-11
CA2543168A1 (en) 2005-05-06
AU2004284215B2 (en) 2011-01-27
WO2005040269A1 (de) 2005-05-06
TR201806926T4 (tr) 2018-06-21
JP2007512188A (ja) 2007-05-17
CA2543168C (en) 2013-09-24
US20090152151A1 (en) 2009-06-18
KR101155657B1 (ko) 2012-06-13
EP1675905B1 (de) 2018-02-21
ES2669027T3 (es) 2018-05-23
US20070048469A1 (en) 2007-03-01
AU2004284215B9 (en) 2011-06-02
KR20070005548A (ko) 2007-01-10
IL175061A0 (en) 2006-08-20
SG147424A1 (en) 2008-11-28

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