CN1894253A - 6-五氟苯基三唑并嘧啶、其制备方法及其在防治病原性真菌中的用途以及包含所述物质的组合物 - Google Patents
6-五氟苯基三唑并嘧啶、其制备方法及其在防治病原性真菌中的用途以及包含所述物质的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1894253A CN1894253A CNA2004800378077A CN200480037807A CN1894253A CN 1894253 A CN1894253 A CN 1894253A CN A2004800378077 A CNA2004800378077 A CN A2004800378077A CN 200480037807 A CN200480037807 A CN 200480037807A CN 1894253 A CN1894253 A CN 1894253A
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N trifloxystrobin Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CO\N=C(/C)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004552 water soluble powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHNQZRKUZPNOOH-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc;manganese(2+);n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S CHNQZRKUZPNOOH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)的6-五氟苯基三唑并嘧啶,其中各取代基如下所定义:R1为烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、卤代环烷基、链烯基、卤代链烯基、环烯基、卤代环烯基、炔基、卤代炔基或苯基、萘基或含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子的5或6元饱和、部分不饱和或芳族杂环;R2为氢或在R1下提到的基团之一;R1和R2与它们所连接的氮原子一起还可以形成经由N连接且可以另外含有1-3个选自O、N和S的杂原子作为环成员的5或6元杂环基或杂芳基;R1和/或R2可以如说明书中所述被取代;X为氰基、烷基、烷氧基、链烯氧基、卤代烷氧基或卤代链烯氧基。本发明还涉及制备这些化合物的方法、包含它们的组合物及其在防治植物病原性有害真菌中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及式I的6-五氟苯基三唑并嘧啶:
其中各取代基如下所定义:
R1为C1-C8烷基、C1-C8卤代烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C8链烯基、C2-C8卤代链烯基、C3-C6环烯基、C3-C6卤代环烯基、C2-C8炔基、C2-C8卤代炔基或苯基、萘基或含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子的5或6元饱和、部分不饱和或芳族杂环,
R2为氢或在R1下所提到的基团之一;
R1和R2与它们所连接的氮原子一起还可以形成经由N连接且可以另外含有1-3个选自O、N和S的杂原子作为环成员和/或可以带有一个或多个取代基的5或6元杂环基或杂芳基,所述取代基选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C3-C6链烯氧基、C3-C6卤代链烯氧基、(外)-C1-C6亚烷基和氧基-C1-C3亚烷氧基;
R1和/或R2可以带有1-4个相同或不同的基团Ra:
Ra为卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷基羰基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基、二-C1-C6烷基氨基、C2-C8链烯基、C2-C8卤代链烯基、C2-C6链烯氧基、C2-C8炔基、C2-C8卤代炔基、C3-C6炔氧基、氧基-C1-C3亚烷氧基、C3-C8环烯基、苯基、萘基、含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子的5或6元饱和、部分不饱和或芳族杂环,其中这些脂族、脂环族或芳族基团本身可以部分或完全被卤代;
X为氰基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C3-C4链烯氧基、C1-C2卤代烷氧基或C3-C4卤代链烯氧基。
此外,本发明涉及制备这些化合物的方法、包含它们的组合物及其在防治植物病原性有害真菌中的用途。
5-卤代-6-五氟苯基三唑并嘧啶以一般方式由EP-A 834 513已知。5-氰基-和5-烷氧基三唑并嘧啶公开于WO 02/083677中。在7位具有旋光活性氨基取代基的三唑并嘧啶以一般方式公开于WO 02/38565中。
上述出版物中所述化合物适于防治有害真菌。
然而,它们的作用并不总是完全令人满意。因此,本发明的目的是提供具有改进的活性和/或更宽的活性谱的化合物。
因此,我们发现了开头所定义的化合物。此外,我们发现了制备这些化合物的方法、包含它们的组合物以及使用化合物I防治有害真菌的方法。
本发明化合物与上述出版物中所述的化合物的不同在于三唑并嘧啶骨架中的5位上的取代基。
与已知化合物相比,式I化合物对有害真菌具有增强的活性和/或更宽的活性谱。
本发明化合物可以通过不同途径得到。有利的是它们从由EP-A 834513已知的式II的5-卤代-6-五氟苯基三唑并嘧啶通过与化合物M-X(式III)反应而得到。取决于待引入的基团X的含义,化合物III为无机氰化物或醇盐。该反应有利地在惰性溶剂存在下进行。式III中阳离子M的含义不太重要;出于实际的原因,通常优选铵、四烷基铵或碱金属或碱土金属盐。
反应温度通常为0-120℃,优选10-40℃[参见J.Heterocycl.Chem.,第12卷,第861-863页(1975)]。
若R2为氢,则有利地在与III反应之前引入可除去的保护性基团[参见Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry,J.Wiley &Sons(1981)]。
合适的溶剂包括醚类如二烷、乙醚和优选四氢呋喃,醇类如甲醇或乙醇,卤代烃类如二氯甲烷,以及芳族烃类如甲苯或乙腈。
其中X为C1-C4烷基的式I化合物可以有利地通过下列合成途径得到:
由2-氨基三唑IV和其中R为C1-C4烷基的酮酯V开始得到5-烷基-7-羟基-6-苯基三唑并嘧啶VI。在式V和VI中,X1为C1-C4烷基。使用易于得到的2-苯基乙酰乙酸酯(V,其中X1=CH3),得到为本发明优选主题的5-甲基-7-羟基-6-苯基三唑并嘧啶[参见Chem.Pharm.Bull.,9,801(1961)]。2-氨基三唑IV可以市购。原料V有利地在EP-A 10 02 788中所述的条件下制备。
使用卤化剂[HAL]将所得5-烷基-7-羟基-6-苯基三唑并嘧啶在由WO-A 94/20501已知的条件下转化成式VII的卤代嘧啶,其中Hal为卤原子,优选溴或氯原子,尤其是氯原子。有利的卤化剂[HAL]是氯化剂或溴化剂,例如磷酰溴、磷酰氯、亚硫酰氯、亚硫酰溴或磺酰氯。
该反应通常在0-150℃,优选80-125℃下进行[参见EP-A 770 615]。
VII与其中R1和R2为如式I中所定义的胺VIII的反应有利地在0-70℃,优选10-35℃下,优选在惰性溶剂如醚类,例如二烷、乙醚或尤其是四氢呋喃,卤代烃类如二氯甲烷或芳族烃类如甲苯存在下进行[参见WO-A 98/46608]。
优选使用碱,例如叔胺如三乙胺或无机碱如碳酸钾;还可以将过量的式VIII胺用作碱。
另外,其中X为C1-C4烷基的式I化合物还可以由其中X为卤素,尤其是氯的化合物I和式IX的丙二酸酯制备。在式IX中,X″为氢或C1-C3烷基且R为C1-C4烷基。将它们转化成式X化合物并脱羧成化合物I[参见US 5 994 360]。
丙二酸酯IX由文献已知[J.Am.Chem.Soc.
64,2714(1942);J.Org.Chem.
39,2172(1974);Helv.Chim.Acta,
61,1565(1978)],或者可以按照所引用的文献制备。
酯X的随后水解在常规条件下进行;取决于不同结构单元,化合物X的碱性或酸性水解可能是有利的。在酯水解条件下,可能完全或部分脱羧成I。
脱羧通常在20-180℃,优选50-120℃的温度下在惰性溶剂中,合适的话在酸存在下进行。
合适的酸是盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲酸、乙酸、对甲苯磺酸。合适的溶剂是水,脂族烃类如戊烷、己烷、环己烷和石油醚,芳族烃类如甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯,卤代烃类如二氯甲烷、氯仿和氯苯,醚类如乙醚、二异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、二烷、茴香醚和四氢呋喃,腈类如乙腈和丙腈,酮类如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二乙基酮和叔丁基甲基酮,醇类如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和叔丁醇,以及二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基乙酰胺;特别优选该反应在盐酸或乙酸中进行。还可以使用所述溶剂的混合物。
其中X为C1-C4烷基的式I化合物还可以通过将其中X为卤素的式I的5-卤代三唑并嘧啶与式Ⅺ的有机金属试剂偶联而得到。在该方法的一个实施方案中,该反应在过渡金属催化如Ni或Pd催化下进行。
I(X=Hal)+My(-X″)y→I(X=C1-C4烷基)
XI
在式XI中,M为Y价的金属离子如B、Zn或Sn,且X″为C1-C3烷基。该反应例如可以类似于下列方法进行:J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1,1187(1994),同上,1,2345(1996);WO-A 99/41255;Aust.J.Chem.,第43卷,733(1990);J.Org.Chem.,第43卷,358(1978);J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.,866(1979);Tetrahedron Lett.,第34卷,8267(1993);同上,第33卷,413(1992)。
以常规方式后处理反应混合物,例如通过与水混合、分离各相并且合适的话层析提纯粗产物。某些中间体和终产物以无色或浅棕色粘稠油形式得到,它们在减压和适度升高的温度下提纯或除去挥发性组分。若中间体和终产物以固体得到,则还可以通过重结晶或浸煮进行提纯。
若各化合物I不能通过上述途径获得,则可以通过衍生其它化合物I而制备它们。
若合成得到异构体的混合物,则通常不必进行分离,因为在某些情况下各异构体可以在为了应用的后处理过程中或在施用过程中(例如在光、酸或碱的作用下)相互转化。这类转化也可以在使用后发生,例如在处理植物时,在处理的植物中或在待防治的有害真菌中。
在上式中所给符号的定义中使用了集合性术语,各集合性术语通常为下列取代基的代表:
卤素:氟、氯、溴和碘;
烷基:具有1-4、1-6或1-8个碳原子的饱和直链或支化烃基,例如C1-C6烷基如甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基、戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、己基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基和1-乙基-2-甲基丙基;
卤代烷基:具有1-2、1-4、1-6或1-8个碳原子的直链或支化烷基(如上所述),其中在这些基团中部分或所有氢原子可以被上述卤原子代替;尤其是C1-C2卤代烷基如氯甲基、溴甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、一氯一氟甲基、二氯一氟甲基、一氯二氟甲基、1-氯乙基、1-溴乙基、1-氟乙基、2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、2-氯-2-氟乙基、2-氯-2,2-二氟乙基、2,2-二氯-2-氟乙基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、五氟乙基或1,1,1-三氟丙-2-基;
链烯基:具有2-4、2-6、2-8或2-10个碳原子和一个或两个在任意位置的双键的不饱和直链或支化烃基,例如C2-C6链烯基如乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-甲基-1-丙烯基、2-甲基-1-丙烯基、1-甲基-2-丙烯基、2-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1-甲基-1-丁烯基、2-甲基-1-丁烯基、3-甲基-1-丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯基、2-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、1-甲基-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-3-丁烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丙烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-丙烯基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、3-己烯基、4-己烯基、5-己烯基、1-甲基-1-戊烯基、2-甲基-1-戊烯基、3-甲基-1-戊烯基、4-甲基-1-戊烯基、1-甲基-2-戊烯基、2-甲基-2-戊烯基、3-甲基-2-戊烯基、4-甲基-2-戊烯基、1-甲基-3-戊烯基、2-甲基-3-戊烯基、3-甲基-3-戊烯基、4-甲基-3-戊烯基、1-甲基-4-戊烯基、2-甲基-4-戊烯基、3-甲基-4-戊烯基、4-甲基-4-戊烯基、1,1-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,1-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、2,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-1-丁烯基、1-乙基-2-丁烯基、1-乙基-3-丁烯基、2-乙基-1-丁烯基、2-乙基-2-丁烯基、2-乙基-3-丁烯基、1,1,2-三甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙烯基、1-乙基-2-甲基-1-丙烯基和1-乙基-2-甲基-2-丙烯基;
卤代链烯基:具有2-8个碳原子和一个或两个在任意位置的双键的不饱和直链或支化烃基(如上所述),其中在这些基团中部分或所有氢原子可以被上述卤原子代替,尤其被氟、氯和溴代替;
炔基:具有2-4、2-6或2-8个碳原子和一个或两个在任意位置的叁键的直链或支化烃基,例如C2-C6炔基如乙炔基、1-丙炔基、2-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1-甲基-2-丙炔基、1-戊炔基、2-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、4-戊炔基、1-甲基-2-丁炔基、1-甲基-3-丁炔基、2-甲基-3-丁炔基、3-甲基-1-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙炔基、1-乙基-2-丙炔基、1-己炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基、4-己炔基、5-己炔基、1-甲基-2-戊炔基、1-甲基-3-戊炔基、1-甲基-4-戊炔基、2-甲基-3-戊炔基、2-甲基-4-戊炔基、3-甲基-1-戊炔基、3-甲基-4-戊炔基、4-甲基-1-戊炔基、4-甲基-2-戊炔基、1,1-二甲基-2-丁炔基、1,1-二甲基-3-丁炔基、1,2-二甲基-3-丁炔基、2,2-二甲基-3-丁炔基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁炔基、1-乙基-2-丁炔基、1-乙基-3-丁炔基、2-乙基-3-丁炔基和1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙炔基;
环烷基:具有3-6或3-8个碳环成员的单-或双环饱和烃基,例如C3-C8环烷基如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基;
含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子的5或6元饱和、部分不饱和或芳族杂环:
-含有1-3个氮原子和/或1个氧或硫原子或者1或2个氧和/或硫原子的5或6元杂环基,例如2-四氢呋喃基、3-四氢呋喃基、2-四氢噻吩基、3-四氢噻吩基、2-吡咯烷基、3-吡咯烷基、3-异唑烷基、4-异唑烷基、5-异唑烷基、3-异噻唑烷基、4-异噻唑烷基、5-异噻唑烷基、3-吡唑烷基、4-吡唑烷基、5-吡唑烷基、2-唑烷基、4-唑烷基、5-唑烷基、2-噻唑烷基、4-噻唑烷基、5-噻唑烷基、2-咪唑烷基、4-咪唑烷基、2-吡咯啉-2-基、2-吡咯啉-3-基、3-吡咯啉-2-基、3-吡咯啉-3-基、2-哌啶基、3-哌啶基、4-哌啶基、1,3-二烷-5-基、2-四氢吡喃基、4-四氢吡喃基、2-四氢噻吩基、3-六氢哒嗪基、4-六氢哒嗪基、2-六氢嘧啶基、4-六氢嘧啶基、5-六氢嘧啶基和2-哌嗪基;
-含有1-4个氮原子或者含有1-3个氮原子和1个硫或氧原子的5元杂芳基:除了碳原子外还可含有1-4个氮原子或者含有1-3个氮原子和1个硫或氧原子作为环成员的5元杂芳基,例如2-呋喃基、3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、3-吡唑基、4-吡唑基、5-吡唑基、2-唑基、4-唑基、5-唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基、5-噻唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基和1,3,4-三唑-2-基;
-含有1-3个或1-4个氮原子的6元杂芳基:除了碳原子外还可含有1-3个或1-4个氮原子作为环成员的6元杂芳基,例如2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、3-哒嗪基、4-哒嗪基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基和2-吡嗪基;
亚烷基:具有1-4或1-6个碳原子的饱和直链或支化烃基,其中该基团经由双键连接于骨架上,例如=CH2、=CH-CH3、=CH-CH2-CH3;
氧基亚烷氧基:具有1-3个CH2基团的二价未支化链,其中两个价键经由氧原子连接于骨架上,例如OCH2O、OCH2CH2O和OCH2CH2CH2O。
本发明范围包括具有手性中心的式I化合物的(R)和(S)异构体和外消旋体。
考虑到式I的三唑并嘧啶的预期用途,特别优选取代基的下列含义,在每种情况下单独或结合:
优选其中R1为C1-C4烷基、C2-C6链烯基或C1-C8卤代烷基的化合物I。
优选其中R1为基团A的化合物I:
其中
Z1为氢、氟或C1-C6氟代烷基,
Z2为氢或氟,或
Z1和Z2一起形成双键;
q为0或1;和
R3为氢或甲基。
此外,优选其中R1为可以被C1-C4烷基取代的C3-C6环烷基的化合物I。
特别优选其中R2为氢的化合物I。
同样优选其中R2为甲基或乙基的化合物I。
若R1和/或R2包含具有手性中心的卤代烷基或卤代链烯基,则优选这些基团的(S)-异构体。在R1或R2中具有手性中心的不含卤素的烷基或链烯基情况下,优选(R)-构型的异构体。
本发明的优选实施方案涉及式I.1化合物:
其中
G为C2-C6烷基,尤其是乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基,以及C1-C4烷氧基甲基,尤其是乙氧甲基,或C3-C6环烷基,尤其是环戊基或环己基;
R2为氢或甲基;和
X如式I中所定义,尤其为氰基、甲氧基或乙氧基。
本发明的另一优选实施方案涉及式I.2化合物:
其中Y为氢或C1-C4烷基,尤其是甲基和乙基,且X如式I中所定义,尤其代表氰基、甲氧基或乙氧基。
本发明的另一优选实施方案涉及如下化合物,其中R1和R2与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成经由N连接且可以另外含有选自O、N和S的杂原子作为环成员和/或带有一个或多个取代基的5或6元杂环基或杂芳基,所述取代基选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C3-C6链烯氧基、C3-C6卤代链烯氧基、C1-C6亚烷基和氧基-C1-C3亚烷氧基。这些化合物尤其对应于式I.3:
其中
D与氮原子一起形成可以经由氮连接且可以另外含有选自O、N和S的杂原子作为环成员和/或可以带有一个或多个取代基的5或6元杂环基或杂芳基,所述取代基选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C3-C6链烯氧基、C3-C6卤代链烯氧基、(外)-C1-C6亚烷基和氧基-C1-C3亚烷氧基;和
X如式I中所定义,尤其为氰基、甲氧基或乙氧基。
此外还优选如下化合物I,其中R1和R2与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成哌啶基、吗啉基或硫代吗啉基环,尤其是哌啶基环,所述环任选地被1-3个基团卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4卤代烷基取代。特别优选其中R1和R2与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成4-甲基哌啶环的化合物。
此外,本发明优选提供了其中R1和R2与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成任选地被1个或2个基团卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4卤代烷基,尤其是被3,5-二甲基或3,5-二(三氟甲基)取代的吡唑环的化合物I。
此外,还特别优选其中R1为CH(CH3)-CH2CH3、CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2、CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3、CH(CH3)-CF3、CH2C(CH3)=CH2、CH2CH=CH2、环戊基或环己基;R2为氢或甲基;或R1和R2一起为-(CH2)2CH(CH3)(CH2)2-、-(CH2)2CH(CF3)(CH2)2-或-(CH2)2O(CH2)2-的式I化合物。
此外,特别优选其中X为氰基、甲氧基或乙氧基,尤其是氰基或甲氧基的化合物I。
在化合物I的另一优选实施方案中,X为甲基。
尤其考虑到其应用,优选汇编在下表中的化合物I。此外,对这些表中的取代基所提到的基团本身为所述取代基的特别优选实施方案,与其中提到它们的组合无关。
表1
其中X为氰基且R1和R2的组合对每一化合物而言对应于表A的一行的式I化合物
表2
其中X为甲氧基且R1和R2的组合对每一化合物而言对应于表A的一行的式I化合物
表3
其中X为乙氧基且R1和R2的组合对每一化合物而言对应于表A的一行的式I化合物
表4
其中X为甲基且R1且R2的组合对每一化合物而言对应于表A的一行的式I化合物
表A
序号 | R1 | R2 |
A-1 | CH3 | H |
A-2 | CH3 | CH3 |
A-3 | CH2CH3 | H |
A-4 | CH2CH3 | CH3 |
A-5 | CH2CH3 | CH2CH3 |
A-6 | CH2CF3 | H |
A-7 | CH2CF3 | CH3 |
A-8 | CH2CF3 | CH2CH3 |
A-9 | CH2CCl3 | H |
A-10 | CH2CCl3 | CH3 |
序号 | R1 | R2 |
A-11 | CH2CCl3 | CH2CH3 |
A-12 | CH2CH2CH3 | H |
A-13 | CH2CH2CH3 | CH3 |
A-14 | CH2CH2CH3 | CH2CH3 |
A-15 | CH2CH2CH3 | CH2CH2CH3 |
A-16 | CH(CH3)2 | H |
A-17 | CH(CH3)2 | CH3 |
A-18 | CH(CH3)2 | CH2CH3 |
A-19 | CH2CH2CH2CH3 | H |
A-20 | CH2CH2CH2CH3 | CH3 |
A-21 | CH2CH2CH2CH3 | CH2CH3 |
A-22 | CH2CH2CH2CH3 | CH2CH2CH3 |
A-23 | CH2CH2CH2CH3 | CH2CH2CH2CH3 |
A-24 | (±)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | H |
A-25 | (±)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | CH3 |
A-26 | (±)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | CH2CH3 |
A-27 | (S)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | H |
A-28 | (S)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | CH3 |
A-29 | (S)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | CH2CH3 |
A-30 | (R)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | H |
A-31 | (R)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | CH3 |
A-32 | (R)CH(CH3)-CH2CH3 | CH2CH3 |
A-33 | (±)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | H |
A-34 | (±)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | CH3 |
A-35 | (±)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | CH2CH3 |
A-36 | (S)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | H |
A-37 | (S)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | CH3 |
A-38 | (S)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | CH2CH3 |
A-39 | (R)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | H |
A-40 | (R)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | CH3 |
A-41 | (R)CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 | CH2CH3 |
A-42 | (±)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | H |
A-43 | (±)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | CH3 |
A-44 | (±)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | CH2CH3 |
A-45 | (S)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | H |
A-46 | (S)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | CH3 |
A-47 | (S)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | CH2CH3 |
A-48 | (R)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | H |
序号 | R1 | R2 |
A-49 | (R)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | CH3 |
A-50 | (R)CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3 | CH2CH3 |
A-51 | (±)CH(CH3)-CF3 | H |
A-52 | (±)CH(CH3)-CF3 | CH3 |
A-53 | (±)CH(CH3)-CF3 | CH2CH3 |
A-54 | (S)CH(CH3)-CF3 | H |
A-55 | (S)CH(CH3)-CF3 | CH3 |
A-56 | (S)CH(CH3)-CF3 | CH2CH3 |
A-57 | (R)CH(CH3)-CF3 | H |
A-58 | (R)CH(CH3)-CF3 | CH3 |
A-59 | (R)CH(CH3)-CF3 | CH2CH3 |
A-60 | (±)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | H |
A-61 | (±)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | CH3 |
A-62 | (±)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | CH2CH3 |
A-63 | (S)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | H |
A-64 | (S)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | CH3 |
A-65 | (S)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | CH2CH3 |
A-66 | (R)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | H |
A-67 | (R)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | CH3 |
A-68 | (R)CH(CH3)-CCl3 | CH2CH3 |
A-69 | CH2CF2CF3 | H |
A-70 | CH2CF2CF3 | CH3 |
A-71 | CH2CF2CF3 | CH2CH3 |
A-72 | CH2(CF2)2CF3 | H |
A-73 | CH2(CF2)2CF3 | CH3 |
A-74 | CH2(CF2)2CF3 | CH2CH3 |
A-75 | CH2C(CH3)=CH2 | H |
A-76 | CH2C(CH3)=CH2 | CH3 |
A-77 | CH2C(CH3)=CH2 | CH2CH3 |
A-78 | CH2CH=CH2 | H |
A-79 | CH2CH=CH2 | CH3 |
A-80 | CH2CH=CH2 | CH2CH3 |
A-81 | CH2-C≡CH | H |
A-82 | CH2-C≡CH | CH3 |
A-83 | CH2-C≡CH | CH2CH3 |
A-84 | 环戊基 | H |
A-85 | 环戊基 | CH3 |
序号 | R1 | R2 |
A-86 | 环戊基 | CH2CH3 |
A-87 | 环己基 | H |
A-88 | 环己基 | CH3 |
A-89 | 环己基 | CH2CH3 |
A-90 | CH2-C6H5 | H |
A-91 | CH2-C6H5 | CH3 |
A-92 | CH2-C6H5 | CH2CH3 |
A-93 | -(CH2)2CH=CHCH2- | |
A-94 | -(CH2)2C(CH3)=CHCH2- | |
A-95 | -(CH2)2CH(CH3)(CH2)2- | |
A-96 | -(CH2)3CHFCH2- | |
A-97 | -(CH2)2CHF(CH2)2- | |
A-98 | -CH2CHF(CH2)3- | |
A-99 | -(CH2)2CH(CF3)(CH2)2- | |
A-100 | -(CH2)2O(CH2)2- | |
A-101 | -(CH2)2S(CH2)2- | |
A-102 | -(CH2)5- | |
A-103 | -(CH2)4- | |
A-104 | -CH2CH=CHCH2- | |
A-105 | -CH(CH3)(CH2)3- | |
A-106 | -CH2CH(CH3)(CH2)2- | |
A-107 | -CH(CH3)-(CH2)2-CH(CH3)- | |
A-108 | -CH(CH3)-(CH2)4- | |
A-109 | -CH2-CH(CH3)-(CH2)3- | |
A-110 | -(CH2)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2- | |
A-111 | -CH(CH2CH3)-(CH2)4- | |
A-112 | -(CH2)2-CHOH-(CH2)2- | |
A-113 | -(CH2)-CH=CH-(CH2)2- | |
A-114 | -(CH2)6- | |
A-115 | -CH(CH3)-(CH2)5- | |
A-116 | -(CH2)2-N(CH3)-(CH2)2- | |
A-117 | -N=CH-CH=CH- | |
A-118 | -N=C(CH3)-CH=C(CH3)- | |
A-119 | -N=C(CF3)-CH=C(CF3)- |
化合物I适于作为杀真菌剂。它们对宽范围的植物病原性真菌具有显著效力,所述真菌尤其选自子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)、卵菌纲(Oomycetes)和担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)真菌。它们中的一些内吸有效并可以作为叶面和土壤杀真菌剂用于植物保护中。
它们对在各种栽培植物如小麦、黑麦、大麦、燕麦、稻、玉米、禾草、香蕉、棉花、大豆、咖啡、甘蔗、葡萄藤、水果和观赏植物以及蔬菜如黄瓜、豆类、西红柿、土豆和葫芦科植物以及这些植物的种子中防治大量真菌尤其重要。
它们尤其适于防治下列植物病害:
·蔬菜和水果上的链格孢(Alternaria)属,
·禾谷类、稻和草坪中的平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris)属和内脐蠕孢(Drechslera)属,
·禾谷类中的禾白粉菌(Blumeria graminis)(白粉病),
·草莓、蔬菜、观赏植物和葡萄藤上的灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)(灰霉病),
·葫芦科植物上的二孢白粉菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum)和单丝壳白粉菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea),
·各种植物上的链孢霉(Fusarium)属和轮枝孢(Verticillium)属,
·禾谷类、香蕉和花生上的球腔菌(Mycosphaerella)属,
·土豆和西红柿上的致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans),
·葡萄藤上的葡萄生单轴霉(Plasmopara viticola),
·苹果上的苹果白粉病菌(Podosphaera leucotricha),
·小麦和大麦上的眼斑病菌(Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides),
·啤酒花和黄瓜上的假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora)属,
·禾谷类上的柄锈菌(Puccinia)属,
·稻上的稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae),
·棉花、稻和草坪上的丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)属,
·小麦上的小麦壳针孢(Septoria tritici)和颖枯壳多孢(Stagonosporanodorum),
·葡萄藤上的葡萄钩丝壳(Uncinula necator),
·禾谷类和甘蔗上的黑粉菌(Ustilago)属,以及
·苹果和梨上的黑星菌(Venturia)属(黑星病),
化合物I还适于防治有害真菌如拟青霉(Paecilomyces variotii)以保护材料(如木材、纸张、油漆分散体、纤维或织物)和保护储藏的产品。
化合物I通过用杀真菌有效量的活性化合物处理真菌或需要防止真菌侵袭的植物、种子、材料或土壤而使用。施用可以在材料、植物或种子被真菌侵染之前和之后进行。
杀真菌组合物通常包含0.1-95重量%,优选0.5-90重量%的活性化合物。
当用于植物保护时,施用量取决于所需效果的种类为0.01-2.0kg活性化合物/ha。
在处理种子时,每100kg种子通常需要的活性化合物量为1-1000g,优选5-100g。
当用于保护材料或储藏产品时,活性化合物的施用量取决于施用区域的类型和所需效果。在保护材料中通常施用的量例如每m3处理材料为0.001g-2kg,优选0.005g-1kg活性化合物。
可以将化合物I转化成常规配制剂,例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉剂、粉末、糊和颗粒。施用形式取决于特定的目的;在每种情况下都应确保本发明化合物精细和均匀地分布。
配制剂以已知方式制备,例如通过将活性化合物与溶剂和/或载体混合来制备,需要的话使用乳化剂和分散剂。合适的溶剂/助剂主要是:
-水、芳族溶剂(如Solvesso产品、二甲苯)、石蜡(如矿物油馏分)、醇类(如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇)、酮类(如环己酮、γ-丁内酯)、吡咯烷酮(NMP、NOP)、乙酸酯(乙二醇二乙酸酯)、二元醇、脂肪酸二甲基酰胺、脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯。原则上还可以使用溶剂混合物。
-载体如磨碎的天然矿物(如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩)和磨碎的合成矿物(如高度分散的硅石、硅酸盐);乳化剂如非离子和阴离子乳化剂(如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)以及分散剂如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
合适的表面活性剂为木素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,烷基磺酸盐,脂肪醇硫酸盐,脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,还有磺化萘与甲醛的缩合物和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物,萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚,乙氧基化异辛基酚,辛基酚,壬基酚,烷基酚聚乙二醇醚,三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇,醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛,山梨醇酯,木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
适于制备可直接喷雾溶液、乳液、糊或油分散体的物质为中至高沸点的矿物油馏分如煤油或柴油,还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环状和芳族烃如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物,甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,丁醇,环己醇,环己酮,异佛尔酮,强极性溶剂如二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水。
粉末、撒播用材料和可撒粉产品可以通过将活性物质与固体载体混合或一起研磨来制备。
颗粒如涂敷颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可以通过使活性化合物与固体载体粘附而制备。固体载体实例为矿土如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁,磨碎的合成材料,肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素以及植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
配制剂通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%的活性化合物。活性化合物以90-100%,优选95-100%的纯度(根据NMR谱)使用。
下列为配制剂实例:
1.用水稀释的产品
A)水溶性浓缩物(SL)
将10重量份本发明化合物溶于水或水溶性溶剂中。或者,加入湿润剂或其它助剂。活性化合物经水稀释溶解。
B)分散性浓缩物(DC)
将20重量份本发明化合物溶于环己酮中并加入分散剂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。用水稀释得到分散体。
C)乳油(EC)
将15重量份本发明化合物溶于二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5%)。用水稀释得到乳液。
D)乳液(EW,EO)
将40重量份本发明化合物溶于二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下为5%)。借助乳化机(Ultraturrax)将该混合物引入水中并制成均相乳液。用水稀释得到乳液。
E)悬浮液(SC,OD)
在搅拌的球磨机中,将20重量份本发明化合物粉碎并加入分散剂、湿润剂和水或有机溶剂,得到细碎活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物悬浮液。
F)水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG,SG)
将50重量份本发明化合物细碎研磨并加入分散剂和湿润剂,借助工业装置(如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液。
G)水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP,SP)
将75重量份本发明化合物在转子-定子磨机中研磨并加入分散剂、湿润剂和硅胶。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液。
2.不经稀释而施用的产品
H)可撒粉粉末(DP)
将5重量份本发明化合物细碎研磨并与95%的细碎高岭土充分混合。这得到可撒粉产品。
I)颗粒(GR,FG,GG,MG)
将0.5重量份本发明化合物细碎研磨并结合95.5%载体。现行方法是挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床方法。这得到不经稀释而施用的颗粒。
J)ULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份本发明化合物溶于有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这得到不经稀释而施用的产品。
活性化合物可以直接、以其配制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式(如可直接喷雾溶液、粉末、悬浮液或分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊、可撒粉产品、撒播用材料或颗粒形式),借助喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播或浇灌来使用。使用形式完全取决于意欲的目的;意欲在每种情况下确保本发明活性化合物的最佳可能分布。
含水使用形式可通过加入水由乳液浓缩物、糊或可湿性粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)制备。为制备乳液、糊或油分散体,可借助湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂将该物质直接或溶于油或溶剂中后在水中均化。或者,可以制备由活性物质、湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂以及合适的话溶剂或油组成的浓缩物且该浓缩物适于用水稀释。
即用制剂中的活性化合物浓度可在较宽范围内变化。通常为0.0001-10%,优选0.01-1%。
活性化合物也可成功用于超低容量法(ULV),其中可以施用包含超过95重量%活性化合物的配制剂,或甚至施用不含添加剂的活性化合物。
各种类型的油、湿润剂、辅助剂、除草剂、杀真菌剂、其它农药或杀菌剂都可加入活性化合物中,若合适的话,恰在紧邻使用前加入(桶混合)。这些试剂通常与本发明试剂以1∶10-10∶1的重量比混合。
在作为杀真菌剂的使用形式中,本发明组合物还可与其它活性化合物一起存在,例如与除草剂、杀虫剂、生长调节剂、杀真菌剂或肥料一起存在。将作为杀真菌剂施用的化合物I或包含它们的组合物与其它杀真菌剂混合在许多情况下得到拓宽的杀真菌活性谱。
本发明化合物可以与之联合使用的下列杀真菌剂用来阐述可能的组合,但并不施以任何限制:
·酰基丙氨酸类,例如苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)或霜灵(oxadixyl),
·胺衍生物,例如4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、多果定(dodine)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、双胍盐(guazatine)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)或克啉菌(tridemorph),
·苯胺基嘧啶类,例如二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)或环丙嘧啶(cyprodinyl),
·抗菌素,例如放线菌酮(cycloheximide)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、春雷素(kasugamycin)、多马霉素(natamycin)、多氧霉素(polyoxin)或链霉素(streptomycin),
·唑类,例如双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromoconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(dinitroconazole)、烯菌灵(enilconazole)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)或戊叉唑菌(triticonazole),
·二羧酰亚胺类,例如异丙定(iprodione)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、杀菌利(procymidone)或烯菌酮(vinclozolin),
·二硫代氨基甲酸盐类,例如福美铁(ferbam)、代森钠(nabam)、代森锰(maneb)、代森锰锌(mancozeb)、威百亩(metam)、代森联(metiram)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福代锌(polycarbamate)、福美双(thiram)、福美锌(ziram)或代森锌(zineb),
·杂环化合物,例如敌菌灵(anilazine)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、棉隆(dazomet)、二噻农(dithianon)、唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、涕必灵(thiabendazole)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、甲基托布津(thiophanate-methyl)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、三环唑(tricyclazole)或嗪氨灵(triforine),
·铜杀真菌剂,例如波尔多液(Bordeaux混合物)、醋酸铜、王铜或碱式硫酸铜,
·硝基苯基衍生物,例如乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨普(dinocap)、敌螨通(dinobuton)或异丙消(nitrophthal-isopropyl),
·苯基吡咯类,例如拌种咯(fenpiclonil)或氟菌(fludioxonil),
·硫,
·其它杀真菌剂,例如噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb)、氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、棉隆(dazomet)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、克瘟散(edifenphos)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamid)、薯瘟锡(fentin acetate)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、乙膦铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、百维灵(propamocarb)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)或苯酰菌胺(zoxamide),
·嗜球果伞素类,例如腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)或肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin),
·次磺酸衍生物,例如敌菌丹(captafol)、克菌丹(captan)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、灭菌丹(folpet)或对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid),
·肉桂酰胺及类似化合物,例如烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟联苯菌(flumetover)或氟吗啉(flumorph)。
合成实施例
可通过适当改变起始化合物,使用在下列合成实施例中描述的程序制备其它化合物I。所得化合物与物理数据一起列于随后的表中。
实施例1-制备5-氰基-6-五氟苯基-7-二乙氨基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶
在20-25℃下将3.4g(8.6mmol)5-氯-6-五氟苯基-7-二乙氨基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和3.2g(20mmol)四乙基氰化铵在30ml二甲基甲酰胺中搅拌约45分钟。将反应混合物用水稀释,然后用甲基叔丁基醚萃取水相,将合并的有机相干燥并除去溶剂。在硅胶上层析(环己烷/乙酸乙酯混合物)残余物后得到0.7g熔点为153-158℃的无色结晶标题化合物。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm):8.55(s,1H);3.55(q,4H);1.2(t,6H)
实施例2-制备5-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-7-(4-甲基哌啶基)-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶
步骤2a:2-五氟苯基乙酰乙酸乙酯(式V)
在60℃下将14.1g(0.102mol)碳酸钾、13g(0.1mol)乙酰乙酸乙酯和20g(0.108mol)六氟苯在100ml二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的溶液搅拌约5小时。然后将反应混合物冷却到20-25℃并倾入30ml浓盐酸在700ml水中的混合物中。用甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)萃取水相,然后将合并的有机相干燥并除去溶剂。在硅胶上层析(环己烷)得到7.3g浅色油状标题化合物。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm):13.4(s,1H);4.2(q,2H);1.9(s,3H);1.2(t,3H)。
步骤2b:5-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-7-羟基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(式VI)
将20g(67mmol)2-五氟苯基乙酰乙酸乙酯(来自实施例2a)和5.7g(67mmol)氨基三唑在67ml丙酸中的溶液在回流下加热约15小时。然后将混合物冷却到20-25℃,蒸除挥发性组分并将残余物用水浸煮。过滤所得沉淀并将其在乙酸乙酯中处理。有机相用稀盐酸洗涤并干燥,除去溶剂。残余物结晶并用己烷浸煮。得到8g无色固体,其以1∶2的比例(根据1H-NMR)包含标题化合物5-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-7-羟基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和异构体7-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-5-羟基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,δ,ppm):
5-甲基,7-羟基异构体:8.4(s,1H);2.25(s,3H).
5-羟基,7-甲基异构体:8.25(s,1H);2.5(s,3H).
步骤2c:5-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-7-氯-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(式VII)
将7g来自实施例2b的产物混合物和三滴DMF在24ml磷酰氯中在回流下加热约4小时。在冷却之后将挥发性组分从反应混合物中除去。将残余物在70ml二氯甲烷和30ml水中处理,使得二氯甲烷开始沸腾。在相分离之后,用二氯甲烷萃取水相。将合并的有机相干燥并除去溶剂。在硅胶上层析(MTBE)得到4.7g白色固体,其以4∶1的比例(根据1H-NMR)包含标题化合物5-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-7-氯-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和异构体7-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-5-氯-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,δ,ppm):
5-甲基,7-氯异构体:8.9(s,1H);2.75(s,3H)。
5-氯,7-甲基异构体:8.85(s,1H);2.5(s,3H)。
步骤2d:5-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-7-(4-甲基哌啶基)-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(式I)
在90℃下将1g 5-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-7-氯-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶(来自实施例2c)和0.33g 4-甲基哌啶在6ml丁醇中的溶液搅拌1小时。在冷却到20-25℃之后蒸除挥发性组分。将残余物在乙酸乙酯中处理,将有机相用水萃取并干燥,然后除去溶剂。将残余物在硅胶上层析(环己烷/乙酸乙酯混合物)得到0.9g比例为5∶1(根据1H-NMR)的标题化合物5-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-7-(4-甲基哌啶基)-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和异构体7-甲基-6-(五氟苯基)-5-(4-甲基哌啶基)-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δ,ppm):8.3(s,1H);3.7(d,宽,2H);2.8(t,宽,2H);2.55(s,3H);1.6(m,2H);1.35(m,1H);1.0(m,2H);0.9(d,3H)。
表I-式I化合物
序号 | R1 | R2 | X | 物理数据(1H-NMR[δ,ppm];熔点[℃]) |
I-1 | -(CH2)2CH(CH3)(CH2)2- | CN | 181-185 | |
I-2 | CH2CH3 | CH2CH3 | CN | 153-158 |
I-3 | -(CH2)2CH(CH3)(CH2)2- | CH3 | (见实施例2d) |
I-4 | -CH2-C(=CH2)-CH | CH2CH3 | CH3 | 8.25(s);2.5(s);1.15(t) |
I-5 | -CH(CH3)2 | H | CH3 | 8.2(s);2.5(s);1.2(d) |
对有害真菌的作用实施例
通过下列实验证实式I化合物的杀真菌作用:
将活性化合物制备成在丙酮或DMSO中含有0.25重量%活性化合物的储备溶液。向该溶液中加入1重量%乳化剂UniperolEL(基于乙氧基化烷基酚的具有乳化和分散作用的润湿剂)并用水将该混合物稀释到所需浓度。
应用实施例1-对由大麦网斑病菌(Pyrenophora teres)引起的大麦网斑病的活性,保护性施用
将栽培品种为“Hanna”的盆栽大麦秧苗的叶子用活性化合物浓度如下所述的含水悬浮液喷雾至滴流点。喷雾涂层干燥24小时后,将试验植物用大麦网斑病菌(Pyrenophora[同义词Drechslera]teres)-网斑病病原体的含水悬浮液接种。然后将试验植物放入温度为20-24℃且相对大气湿度为95-100%的温室中。6天后以整个叶面积的侵染%肉眼测定病害的发展程度。
在该试验中,用250ppm化合物I-3处理的植物仅显示出5%的侵染,而未处理植物90%被侵染。
应用实施例2-对柿子椒叶上由灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)引起的灰霉病的活性,保护性施用
将充分发育到2-3片叶的栽培品种为“Neusiedler Ideal Elite”的柿子椒秧苗用活性化合物浓度如下所述的含水悬浮液喷雾至滴流点。第二天将已处理植物用灰葡萄孢的孢子悬浮液接种,该悬浮液在2%生物麦芽水溶液中包含1.7×106个孢子/ml。然后将试验植物置于22-24℃和高大气湿度的黑暗气候调节室中。5天之后,可以肉眼测定叶子上的真菌侵染程度的百分数。
在该试验中,用63ppm化合物I-1、I-3或I-4处理的植物没有显示出侵染,而未处理植物90%被侵染。
应用实施例3-对小麦壳针孢(Septoria tritici)引起的小麦壳针孢叶斑病的保护活性
将栽培品种为“Riband”的盆栽小麦秧苗的叶子用活性化合物浓度如下所述的含水悬浮液喷雾至滴流点。喷雾涂层干燥24小时后,将它们用小麦壳针孢的含水孢子悬浮液接种。该悬浮液含有2.0×106个孢子/ml。然后将试验植物置于18-22℃和相对大气湿度接近100%的温室中。2周后以整个叶面积的侵染%肉眼测定病害发展程度。
在该试验中,用63ppm化合物I-1、I-2、I-3、I-4或I-5处理的植物显示出不超过5%的侵染,而未处理植物80%被侵染。
Claims (14)
1.式I的6-五氟苯基三唑并嘧啶:
其中各取代基如下所定义:
R1为C1-C8烷基、C1-C8卤代烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C3-C8卤代环烷基、C2-C8链烯基、C2-C8卤代链烯基、C3-C6环烯基、C3-C6卤代环烯基、C2-C8炔基、C2-C8卤代炔基或苯基、萘基或含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子的5或6元饱和、部分不饱和或芳族杂环,
R2为氢或在R1下所提到的基团之一;
R1和R2与它们所连接的氮原子一起还可以形成经由N连接且可以另外含有1-3个选自O、N和S的杂原子作为环成员和/或可以带有一个或多个取代基的5或6元杂环基或杂芳基,所述取代基选自卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6卤代链烯基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C3-C6链烯氧基、C3-C6卤代链烯氧基、(外)-C1-C6亚烷基和氧基-C1-C3亚烷氧基;
R1和/或R2可以带有1-4个相同或不同的基团Ra:
Ra为卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷基羰基、C3-C6环烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷氧羰基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基氨基、二-C1-C6烷基氨基、C2-C8链烯基、C2-C8卤代链烯基、C2-C6链烯氧基、C2-C8炔基、C2-C8卤代炔基、C3-C6炔氧基、氧基-C1-C3亚烷氧基、C3-C8环烯基、苯基、萘基、含有1-4个选自O、N和S的杂原子的5或6元饱和、部分不饱和或芳族杂环,其中这些脂族、脂环族或芳族基团本身可以部分或完全被卤代;
X为氰基、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C3-C4链烯氧基、C1-C2卤代烷氧基或C3-C4卤代链烯氧基。
2.根据权利要求1的式I化合物,其中X为氰基、C1-C4烷氧基、C3-C4链烯氧基、C1-C2卤代烷氧基或C3-C4卤代链烯氧基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的式I化合物,其中X为氰基。
4.根据权利要求1或2的式I化合物,其中X为甲氧基。
5.根据权利要求1的式I化合物,其中X为C1-C4烷基。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的式I化合物,其中R1和R2如下所定义:
R1为CH(CH3)-CH2CH3、CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2、CH(CH3)-C(CH3)3、CH(CH3)-CF3、CH2C(CH3)=CH2、CH2CH=CH2、环戊基或环己基;
R2为氢或甲基;
R1和R2一起形成-(CH2)2CH(CH3)(CH2)2-、-(CH2)2CH(CF3)(CH2)2-或-(CH2)2O(CH2)2-。
7.式I.1化合物:
其中
G为C2-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧甲基或C3-C6环烷基;
R2为氢或甲基;和
X为氰基、甲基、甲氧基或乙氧基。
12.一种组合物,包含固体或液体载体和如权利要求1或2所要求的式I化合物。
13.种子,以1-1000g/100kg的量包含如权利要求1或2所要求的式I化合物。
14.一种防治植物病原性有害真菌的方法,该方法包括用有效量的如权利要求1或2所要求的式I化合物处理真菌或需要防止真菌侵袭的材料、植物、土壤或种子。
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