CN1889342A - 线性电机以及使用它的线性压缩机 - Google Patents
线性电机以及使用它的线性压缩机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本文公开的是一种线性电机,其中多个线圈组串联或者并联并且根据施加到线性电机的负载将驱动电力施加到部分或者全部的线圈组,从而以减小的电机尺寸提高电机效率。这种线性电机包括:绕线筒;多个缠绕在绕线筒上的线圈组,该多个线圈组互相串联或者并联以允许驱动电力施加到部分或者全部线圈组;以及磁体,其适合于在依据流过线圈组的负载电流由线圈组产生的磁场的影响下线性地往复运动。作为将由多个线圈导体形成的多个线圈组串联或者并联的结果,依据电动机的负载可以改变线圈组的容量,导致电动机效率提高。同样,使用具有小横截面积的线圈导体能够减小电机的尺寸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种线性电机以及使用它的线性压缩机,更具体地说,涉及这样一种线性电机和使用它的线性压缩机,其中设置在线性电机中的多个线圈组串联或者并联,并且依据施加到线性电机的负载电流的大小将驱动电力施加到部分或者全部的线圈组,从而能够提高线性电机的效率并减小线性电机的尺寸。
背景技术
通常,压缩机是一种能将诸如空气或者气体制冷剂的流体压缩的装置。具体地,线性压缩机被设计成通过活塞在气缸中的线性往复运动引入、压缩并且排出气体制冷剂,所述往复运动通过线性电机的线性驱动力实现。
传统上,线性压缩机包括:具有吸入管的密封容器,所述吸入管连接于密封容器的某个位置以将制冷剂引入到密封容器中;安装在密封容器中的气缸,其内具有制冷剂压缩腔;活塞,安装成能在气缸中线性地往复运动,该活塞适合于将制冷剂引入到压缩腔中从而在其中压缩制冷剂;以及线性电机,连接于活塞一端,能提供活塞线性地往复运动所需要的驱动力。
线性电机包括:定子,具有线圈组件(coil assembly);和动子,该动子具有磁体和将磁体连接到活塞的磁体框架。
图1示出设置在线性压缩机中的传统线性电机的电路图。
如在图1中所示,传统的线性电机1包括当交流电施加到其上能产生磁场的线圈组件2,和可选择地传输交流电到线圈组件2的继电器5。
线性电机1设计成依据施加到其上的负载改变磁场的大小,从而提高电动机效率。
为此,设置在线性电机1中的线圈组件2由主线圈Cm和辅线圈Cs构成。当施加的负载高时,线性电机1在强力模式(power mode)下运行,在该模式下继电器5连接到主线圈Cm的连接触点3以增加流入主线圈Cm的电流大小。这增加产生的磁场的强度,使得活塞冲程加长。
相反,当施加的负载低时,线性电机1在节省模式(save mode)下运行,其中继电器5连接到主线圈Cm和辅线圈Cs的连接触点4以减小流入到主线圈Cm和辅线圈Cs的电流的大小。这减小产生的磁场的强度,使得活塞缩短冲程。
图2是示出传统的线性电机的线圈组件的图。
线圈组件2包括绕线筒和在绕线筒上缠绕多圈的线圈,该线圈被施加电压时适于产生磁场。
如上所述,线圈包括直接设置在绕线筒上的主线圈Cm,和绕主线圈Cm设置的辅线圈Cs。主线圈Cm和辅线圈Cs串联。
但是,如上所述构成和运行的传统线性电机具有如下问题,即线性电机的尺寸应该足够大以确保线性电机在低负载节省模式下良好地运行。
详细地,由于线圈是诸如铜线的导线,它们基本上具有预定大小的电阻。通常,导线的电阻与电线的长度成正比并且和导线的横截面积成反比。
因此,在其中驱动电力被施加到串联的主线圈Cm和辅线圈Cs的节省模式的情况下,由于线圈长度的增加导线的电阻也增加,因此,导线本身的电能消耗增加,导致电动机功率的降低。
为了解决上述问题,可以考虑使用具有大横截面积的导线以将节省模式的电阻减小到强力模式的水平。该方案对提高电动机的效率是有效的,但是产生新的问题,因为在低负载的节省模式情况下不必要地增加线圈的横截面积,导致电机尺寸增加。
特别是,线性电机以如此方式构造,即主线圈和辅线圈的导线(下文称为线圈导体)密集地缠绕到绕线筒上以互相堆叠。但是,如果线圈导体的横截面积增加,以上述方式缠绕线圈是非常困难的。
发明内容
因此,针对于上述问题提出本发明,并且本发明的目的在于提供一种线性电机以及一种使用它的线性压缩机,其中设置在线性电机中的多个线圈组(coil group)串联或者并联,并且依据施加到线性电机的负载电流的大小将驱动电力施加到部分或者全部的线圈组,从而线性电机以减小的尺寸而提高效率。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种线性电机和使用它的线性压缩机,其中使用多个线圈导体形成线性电机的线圈组,从而与将每个都具有大横截面积的线圈导体缠绕到绕线筒上的传统方法相比能够显著地简化线性电机的制造过程。
根据本发明的第一方面,通过提供一种线性电机可以达到上述和其他的目的,该线性电机包括:绕线筒;多个线圈组,它们被缠绕在绕线筒上并且互相串联或者并联以允许驱动电力施加到部分或者全部线圈组;以及磁体,其适于在由线圈组依据流过线圈组的负载电流产生的磁场的影响下线性地往复运动。
优选地,线圈组可以包括第一和第二线圈组,每一个包括一个在绕线筒上的线圈或者多个在绕线筒上互相堆叠的线圈。
优选地,第一和第二线圈组可以具有直接设置在绕线筒上的第一和第二主线圈,和绕第一和第二主线圈设置的第一和第二辅线圈,第一和第二主线圈可以互相并联,并且第一和第二主线圈在缠绕到绕线筒上之前可以被扭接在一起。
根据本发明的第二方面,通过提供一种线性压缩机可以达到上述和其他的目的,该线性压缩机包括:具有气缸的气缸座;与气缸座隔开并且具有制冷剂吸入通路的后盖;设置在气缸座和后盖之间的外芯;安装在外芯中的线圈组件,其包括多个互相串联或并联的线圈组以允许驱动电力依据负载电流的大小而可选择地施加到线圈组上;与外芯隔开的内芯;在外芯和内芯之间并且适合于在由线圈组件产生的磁场的影响下线性地往复运动的磁体;连接于磁体以在气缸中线性地往复运动的活塞,并且活塞中形成有制冷剂通道;安装到活塞上以打开或者关闭制冷剂通道的吸入阀;以及安装到气缸座上能打开和关闭气缸的排出阀。
通过如上所述构造的根据本发明的线性电机和使用它的线性压缩机,多个线圈导体被缠绕以形成多个线圈组并且串联和并联多个线圈组,所以依据施加到线性电机的负载可以改变线圈的容量。这有效地提高线性电机的效率。同样,使用具有小横截面积的线圈导体能够减小线性电机的尺寸。
附图说明
从结合附图的下列详细的说明中将更加清楚地理解本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和其他优点,其中:
图1是传统线性电机的电路图;
图2是示出传统的线性电机的线圈组件的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的线性电机的电路图;
图4是示出在根据本发明的线性电机中设置的线圈的布线的布线图;
图5是示出根据本发明的线性电机的线圈组件的示意图;
图6是示出在根据本发明的线性电机中设置的线圈的绕组结构的图;
图7a和7b是两个具有不同横截面积的线圈的比较图,图7a示出传统的线性电机的线圈,图7b示出根据本发明的线性电机的线圈;以及
图8是示出具有根据本发明的线性电机的线性压缩机的内部结构的剖视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图描述根据本发明的线性电机以及使用所述电机的线性压缩机的优选实施例。
供参考的有几个根据本发明的线性电机和线性压缩机的优选实施例,并且在下文中将说明最优选的实施例。
图3是根据本发明的线性电机的电路图。
根据本发明的线性电机包括:将外部电源提供的交流电施加到线性电机体50的供电单元;当接收到由供电单元施加的交流电时进行直线往复运动的线性电机体50;以及连接在线性电机体50和供电单元之间的开关90,用于将来自电源的交流电施加到安装在线性电机体50中的部分或者全部线圈。
线性电机体50包括定子(未示出)和动子(未示出)。动子在它的确定位置处连接于活塞的固定部分。从而,如果动子受在定子中产生的磁场的影响而线性地往复运动,则连接于动子的活塞在它在气缸中线性地往复运动时压缩制冷剂。
线性电机体50的定子包括:叠片形式的外芯,在内部与外芯间隔开、叠片形式的内芯,以及安装在外芯中的线圈组件。线圈组件包括多个在被施加电压时适合于产生磁场的线圈。
动子包括位于外芯和内芯之间并且连接于活塞的磁体。
线圈组件的多个线圈包括主线圈Cm和辅线圈Cs。主线圈Cm是并联的,而辅线圈Cs是串联的。
线圈组件还包括:接地抽头81,一端连接于各个并联主线圈Cm的第一端,另一端连接于供电单元的接地端;第一连接抽头82,连接于各个主线圈Cm的第二端和串联辅线圈Cs的第一端;以及第二连接抽头83,连接于辅线圈Cs的第二端。
开关90是这样一种装置,它使得供电单元的交流电被选择地施加到线圈组件。开关90优选地是继电器,但本发明不限于此。
当开关90连接到第一连接抽头82时,来自供电单元的交流电被施加到主线圈Cm。同样,当开关90连接到第二连接抽头83时,交流电被施加到主线圈Cm和辅线圈Cs。
图4是示出在根据本发明的线性电机中设置的线圈的布线的布线图。
在根据本发明的线性电机中,线圈组件的线圈形成多个线圈组,它们分别通过缠绕多个线圈导体形成。
在这种情况下,虽然线圈组的数目不限于特定数目,为了方便说明,下面的描述基于这样的假定,即形成第一和第二线圈组,每一个线圈组通过缠绕两个线圈导体形成。
第一线圈组60包括第一主线圈61和第一辅线圈62,而第二线圈组70包括第二主线圈71和第二辅线圈72。第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71与第一辅线圈62和第二辅线圈72串联。
在这种情况下,第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71并联,而第一辅线圈62和第二辅线圈72串联。
连接于供电单元的接地抽头的接地抽头81连接于并联的第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71的第一端。能被施加交流电的第一连接抽头82设置在主线圈61和71与辅线圈62和72之间。当高负荷施加到线性电机或者线性压缩机时,交流电经过第一连接抽头82施加到主线圈61和71。
第一辅线圈62和第二辅线圈72串联,所以第一连接抽头82和第二连接抽头83连接于它们相对的两端。当低负荷施加到线性电机或者线性压缩机时,交流电经过第二连接抽头83施加到全部的线圈,从而大大地减小负载电流的大小。
图5是示出根据本发明的线性电机的线圈组件的示意图。图6是示出在根据本发明的线性电机中设置的线圈的绕组结构的图。
根据本发明的线圈组件包括绕线筒,并且第一线圈组60和第二线圈组70缠绕在绕线筒上。
如从图6中可见,第一线圈组60和第二线圈组70平行地缠绕在绕线筒上以使一个堆叠在另一个上。虽然形成第一和第二线圈组的各个线圈导体可以具有互相相同的外径,但是优选地,形成第一线圈组60的线圈导体的外径小于或大于形成第二线圈组70的线圈导体的外径。
在下文中,为了方便说明,指定线圈组中的位于图5左侧的一个为第一线圈组60,指定位于图5右侧的另一个线圈组为第二线圈组70。
如上所述,线圈组60和70中的每一个都由主线圈和辅线圈组成。主线圈直接设置在绕线筒上,而辅线圈围绕着主线圈设置。
在这种情况下,互相并联的第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71可以通过将线圈61和71的线圈导体扭接在一起而形成。
图7a和7b是两个具有不同横截面积的线圈的比较图,图7a示出传统的线性电机的线圈,图7b示出根据本发明的线性电机的线圈。
在线性电机和使用它的线性压缩机中,通过将多个外径比传统的线圈导体的外径小的线圈导体串联或者并联而形成线圈组件。
如上所述,当线性电机在强力模式下运行时,交流电被施加到并联的线圈。因此,当如图7b所示各个线圈导体具有半径R2时,线圈导体的半径R2的总和等于扭接线圈的半径。如通过比较图7a和7b容易理解,各个线圈的半径R2的总和近似于传统线圈的半径R1。以这种方式,线圈导体的横截面积,即线圈的容量增加到适合于高负载的强力模式。
同样,当线性电机在节省模式下运行时,交流电被施加到所有的并联主线圈和串联辅线圈。同样,线圈组的主线圈和辅线圈是串联的。利用这种连接结构,交流电施加到其上的线圈的容量减小以适合于低负载的节省模式。
因此通过本发明,尽管线圈通过缠绕具有小横截面积的线圈导体形成,但在线性电机的效率方面也不存在损失。
现在,将说明其中安装有如上所述构造和运行的线性电机的线性压缩机的结构。图8是示出具有根据本发明的线性电机的线性压缩机的内部结构的剖视图。
线性压缩机包括密封容器104,其包括具有敞开上表面的下容器101以及构造成覆盖下容器101的上盖102。
具有气缸109的气缸座110以减震的方式安装到密封的容器104中。同样,具有制冷剂吸入通路120a的后盖120以减震的方式相对于气缸座110被支撑。
这里,后盖120与气缸座110隔开。
线性压缩机还包括活塞130、线性电机140、吸入阀160和排出阀170。活塞130被设置成能在气缸109中线性地往复运动,并且在内部形成有制冷剂通道130a,其能将由制冷剂吸入通路120a引入的制冷剂引导到气缸109中。线性电机140连接于活塞130以使活塞130线性地往复运动。吸入阀160安装于活塞130并且通过气体制冷剂操作以打开或者关闭制冷剂通道130a。排出阀170安装到气缸座110所以在气缸109中在排出阀170和活塞130之间限定有压缩腔C。同样排出阀170通过气体制冷剂操作以打开或者关闭气缸109。
活塞130具有在它的一端形成的径向突出的固定部分132,线性电机140通过它连接于固定部分132。活塞130通过第一弹簧133和第二弹簧134以减震的方式支撑在气缸座110和后盖120之间。第一弹簧133插入到固定部分132的一个表面和气缸座110之间,并且第二弹簧134插入到固定部分132的另一个表面和后盖120之间。
线性电机140包括定子和动子。活塞130的固定部分132结合到动子的确定位置。从而,如果通过在定子中产生的磁力使动子线性地往复运动,那么活塞130在气缸109中也线性地往复运动。
定子包括叠片形式的外芯141,与外芯141间隔开、叠片形式的内芯142,以及安装在外芯141中的线圈组件143。线圈组件143的结构已经在上文中参考线性电机详细地说明了。
外芯141设置在气缸座110和后盖120的相对表面,并且通过紧固件等结合到其上。
内芯142通过紧固件结合到气缸座110上。
动子包括在外芯141和内芯142之间的磁体150,以及在外芯141和内芯142之间设置的能线性地往复运动的磁体框架154。磁体框架154连接于磁体150和活塞130。
排出阀170和吸入阀160根据活塞130的直线往复运动操作,以将在密封容器104里面的气体制冷剂引入到压缩腔C中,并且将压缩的制冷剂从压缩腔C中的排放出去。
附图标记180表示连接于密封容器104的确定位置以将外部的制冷剂引入到密封容器104中的吸入管,附图标记182表示连接于排放阀170的排放阀管,附图标记184表示环状管,其第一端连接于排放管182,以及附图标记186表示排放管,其第一端连接于环状管184的第二端,第二端贯穿密封容器104从而从密封容器104中突出。
下文将说明根据本发明的线性电机以及使用其的线性压缩机的操作。
当高负载被施加到其上,根据本发明的线性电机以及使用其的线性压缩机在强力模式下操作,并且继电器90被连接到第一连接抽头82,该第一连接抽头82连接于第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71的第二端以及辅线圈62和72的第一端。
如果第一连接抽头82连接于继电器90,那么来自连接于继电器90一端的供电单元的交流电被供应到各个第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71。在这种情况下,由于第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71是并联的,所以供应的交流电平均地施加到各个第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71。
作为将交流电供应到各个第一主线圈61和第二主线圈71的结果,流过各个线圈的电流值增加。因此线圈在其周围产生高强度的磁场,使磁体150能够以加长的冲程线性地往复运动。
然后,磁体150的线性往复运动经过磁体框架154传输到活塞130上,从而活塞130运行以当其在气缸109中线性地往复运动时压缩在压缩腔C中的气体制冷剂。
同时,当低负载施加到其上时,线性电机和线性压缩机在节省模式下运行,并且继电器90连接到第二连接抽头83上。由于第二连接抽头83连接到串联的第一辅线圈62和第二辅线圈72的第二端,所以辅线圈62和72都串联到继电器90上。因此,交流电被施加到包括串联的辅线圈62和72以及并联的主线圈61和71的整个线圈组。
由于主线圈61和71串联到辅线圈62和72上,如果交流电被施加到整个线圈组时,交流电依据各个线圈的容量分配到各个线圈。具体是,在有第一辅线圈62和第二辅线圈72的情况下,由于它们是串联的,所以供应的交流电被分开以分别施加到主线圈61和71、第一辅线圈62、和第二辅线圈72。
因此,流过各个线圈的电流具有较小值,因此线圈在其周围产生低强度的磁场,使磁体150以缩短的冲程线性地往复运动。
从上述说明中明显看出,本发明提供具有下列效果的线性压缩机。
首先,根据本发明,缠绕多个线圈导体以形成多个线圈组并且串联或并联多个线圈组,所以依据施加到线性电机的负载可以改变线圈的容量。这有效地提高线性电机的效率。
第二,根据本发明,并联具有小外径的线圈以达到与具有大横截面积的线圈所能达到的相同效果。这减小了电机的尺寸并提高电机的效率,从而防止电能资源的消耗并且减少线性电机和线性压缩机的制造成本。
第三,使用小直径线圈能够使线圈容易对准和缠绕,导致线性电机和使用它的线性压缩机的制造过程的简化。
虽然为了说明的目的已经公开了本发明的优选的实施例,但在不脱离所附的权利要求书公开的本发明的范围和精神的情况下,本领域的技术人员应该明白各种修改、增加和置换是可以的。
Claims (17)
1.一种线性电机,包括:
绕线筒;
多个线圈组,它们被缠绕在绕线筒上并且互相串联或者并联以允许驱动电力施加到部分或者全部的线圈组;以及
磁体,其适合于在线圈组依据流过线圈组的负载电流而产生的磁场的影响下线性地往复运动。
2.如权利要求1所述的线性电机,其中线圈组包括第一和第二线圈组,每一个包括一个在绕线筒上的线圈或多个在绕线筒上互相堆叠的线圈。
3.如权利要求2所述的线性电机,其中第一和第二线圈组分别由第一和第二线圈导体形成,第一线圈导体具有与第二线圈导体不同的外径。
4.如权利要求3所述的线性电机,其中第一线圈组的第一线圈导体的外径小于第二线圈组的第二线圈导体的外径。
5.如权利要求2所述的线性电机,其中第一和第二线圈组具有直接设置在绕线筒上的第一和第二主线圈,以及绕着第一和第二主线圈设置的第一和第二辅线圈。
6.如权利要求5所述的线性电机,其中第一和第二主线圈互相并联。
7.如权利要求6所述的线性电机,其中在第一和第二主线圈被缠绕到绕线筒上之前被扭接在一起。
8.如权利要求5所述的线性电机,其中第一和第二辅线圈互相串联。
9.如权利要求5所述的线性电机,其中:
接地抽头连接到并联的第一和第二主线圈的第一端;
第一连接抽头连接到并联的第一和第二主线圈的第二端以及串联的第一和第二辅线圈的第一端;以及
第二连接抽头连接到串联的第一和第二辅线圈的第二端。
10.如权利要求9所述的线性电机,还包括:
连接于部分或者全部线圈组的开关,从而依据施加到电机上的负载的大小将驱动电力施加到线圈上。
11.如权利要求10所述的线性电机,其中开关是继电器。
12.如权利要求10所述的线性电机,其中:
当施加的负载高时,开关连接到第一连接抽头以向第一和第二主线圈施加驱动电力;并且
当施加的负载低时,开关连接到第二连接抽头以向所有的第一和第二主线圈和第一和第二辅线圈施加驱动电力。
13.一种线性压缩机,包括:
具有气缸的气缸座;
与气缸座隔开并且具有制冷剂吸入通路的后盖;
设置在气缸座和后盖之间的外芯;
安装在外芯中的线圈组件,其包括多个互相串联或并联的线圈组以允许依据负载电流的大小而可选择地施加驱动电力到线圈组上;
与外芯隔开的内芯;
在外芯和内芯之间并且适于在由线圈组件产生的磁场的影响下线性地往复运动的磁体;
活塞,连接于磁体以在气缸中线性地往复运动,并且活塞中形成有制冷剂通道;
安装到活塞上以打开或者关闭制冷剂通道的吸入阀;以及
安装到气缸座上以打开和关闭气缸的排出阀。
14.如权利要求13所述的线性压缩机,其中:线圈组件包括第一和第二线圈组,每一个包括一个线圈或者多个互相堆叠的线圈;以及
线圈是主线圈和辅线圈,它们互相串联。
15.如权利要求14所述的线性压缩机,其中第一和第二线圈组的主线圈互相并联。
16.如权利要求14所述的线性压缩机,其中第一和第二线圈组的辅线圈互相串联。
17.如权利要求14所述的线性压缩机,其中线圈组件包括将驱动电力施加到主线圈和辅线圈相对端的连接抽头以及将驱动电力施加到主线圈和辅线圈之间的连接抽头。
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2005
- 2005-06-29 KR KR1020050057173A patent/KR100846472B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-10-28 US US11/260,107 patent/US7489055B2/en active Active
- 2005-11-07 JP JP2005322248A patent/JP4970771B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-14 CN CN2005101254129A patent/CN1889342B/zh active Active
- 2005-11-30 EP EP05257358A patent/EP1739812A3/en not_active Ceased
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CN107218206B (zh) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-18 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | 直线压缩机气缸变容积的控制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1739812A2 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
US20070001519A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
JP2007014183A (ja) | 2007-01-18 |
CN1889342B (zh) | 2010-04-21 |
KR20070001596A (ko) | 2007-01-04 |
KR100846472B1 (ko) | 2008-07-17 |
EP1739812A3 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
US7489055B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 |
JP4970771B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
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