CN1786474A - 用于往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置 - Google Patents

用于往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置 Download PDF

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CN1786474A
CN1786474A CNA2005101185824A CN200510118582A CN1786474A CN 1786474 A CN1786474 A CN 1786474A CN A2005101185824 A CNA2005101185824 A CN A2005101185824A CN 200510118582 A CN200510118582 A CN 200510118582A CN 1786474 A CN1786474 A CN 1786474A
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unit
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CN100387840C (zh
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朴景培
崔基喆
洪彦杓
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LG Electronics Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/16Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0016Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons with valve arranged in the piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0027Pulsation and noise damping means
    • F04B39/0044Pulsation and noise damping means with vibration damping supports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/08Actuation of distribution members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/12Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by varying the length of stroke of the working members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/16Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by adjusting the capacity of dead spaces of working chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H19/00Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion
    • F16H19/02Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion
    • F16H19/04Gearings comprising essentially only toothed gears or friction members and not capable of conveying indefinitely-continuing rotary motion for interconverting rotary or oscillating motion and reciprocating motion comprising a rack
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/02Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
    • F25B31/023Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of reciprocating-piston type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/02Piston parameters
    • F04B2201/0206Length of piston stroke
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2207/00External parameters
    • F04B2207/04Settings
    • F04B2207/046Settings of length of piston stroke

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

一种往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置,包括:活塞,在汽缸内直线往复运动,并具有由往复式发动机改变的冲程长度;多个引导活塞共振运动的共振弹簧;以及活塞移动单元,其根据压缩机容量的变化来向前或向后移动活塞以保持相同的上止点。根据压缩机的容量变化来移动活塞,从而使其死区容积减到最小并提高了压缩机的效率。

Description

用于往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及往复式压缩机,并且特别涉及往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置,其能够根据压缩机的容量变化,利用移动活塞来使死区容积减到最少,从而增加压缩机的效率。
背景技术
通常,往复式压缩机是一种随着活塞在汽缸中直线往复运动而吸气、压缩及排气的装置。图1是示出根据现有技术往复式压缩机的例子的截面图。
如图所示,现有的往复式压缩机包括:具有吸气管SP和排气管DP的外壳10;机架单元20,其被弹性地支撑在外壳10中;往复式电机30,其由机架单元20支撑并固定在外壳10中;压缩单元40,当活塞42随同往复式电机30的动子33往复运动时,其吸收和压缩制冷剂气体;共振弹簧单元50,其通过弹性地支撑往复式电机30而引起共振。
机架单元20包括:前机架21,其支撑往复式电机30的外定子31和内定子32,并支撑压缩单元40的汽缸41和活塞42;以往复式电机30插在其与前机架之间的状态接合到前机架21的中间机架22,用以支撑往复式电机30的外定子31;以及接合到中间机架22的后机架23,以支撑共振弹簧单元50。
往复式电机30包括:外定子31,其具有绕组线圈C,并被固定在前机架21和中间机架22之间;内定子32,位于外定子31内侧,并被固定到压缩单元40的汽缸41上;动子(mover)33,其具有磁铁M,并在外定子31和内定子32之间沿磁通量方向做直线运动。
压缩单元40包括:插入接合到前机架21的汽缸41;活塞42,其接合到往复式电机30的动子33,并且在汽缸41内往复运动来通过进气管F吸入并压缩制冷剂气体;安装在汽缸41顶端的吸气阀43,用于进气管F的开与关;排气阀44,可分离地安装在汽缸41的顶端以限制压缩气体的排放;阀门弹簧45,用于弹性地支撑排气阀44;以及排气盖46,其具有排气阀44及阀门弹簧45,并被固定到带有汽缸41的前机架21上。
共振弹簧单元50包括:接合到动子33和活塞42之间的连接部件的弹簧支撑单元51;多个前共振弹簧52用于支撑着弹簧支撑单元51的前侧;以及多个后共振弹簧53,用于支撑着弹簧支撑单元51的后侧。
未作解释的附图标记P表示压缩室。
现有往复式压缩机的操作将解释如下。
当电源被加到往复式发动机30的外定子31时,在外定子31和内定子32之间将产生磁通量,并因而动子33及活塞42在磁通量的方向上运动。因此,活塞42在弹簧单元50的作用下在汽缸41内做直线往复运动,并在汽缸41的压缩室P中产生压力差,由此将制冷剂气体引入压缩室P,将该气体压缩到一定压力,并排出气体。吸入、压缩和排出气体的过程重复进行。
为了根据制冷循环的负荷条件来控制压缩机的制冷能力,控制供给绕组线圈C的电流的量,以控制活塞42的冲程长度。因此,增加或减少制冷剂气体吸入量以根据负荷控制制冷能力。
然而,在现有的往复式压缩机中,如图2和3所示,由于活塞42的冲程长度变化,上止点(TDC)离排气阀44有间隔,因此增加了死区容积。特别是在为了降低压缩机的制冷能力,通过减少供给绕组线圈C的电流的量来缩短冲程长度的情况,活塞的上止点(TDC)离排气阀44间隔得更远,因此降低了压缩机的效率。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种用于往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置,该装置能够通过根据压缩机的容量变化而移动活塞以将死区容积减到最小,从而提高压缩机的效率。
为了实现本发明的这些和其他的优点,以及根据本发明的目的,如这里具体实施和广泛地描述的,提供了一种往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置,其包括:活塞,其在汽缸内直线运动并具有由往复式发动机改变的冲程长度;多个引导活塞共振运动的共振弹簧;以及活塞移动单元,其根据压缩机容量变化而向前或向后移动活塞,从而保持相同的上止点。
从本发明的下面详细描述及结合附图,本发明的前述和其他目的、特征、方面和优点将变得更为清楚。
附图说明
本申请包含附图以提供对发明的进一步理解,其被纳入本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分,这些附图示出了本发明的实施例,并与本说明书一起来解释本发明的原理。
在附图中:
图1是示出了根据现有技术的往复式压缩机的例子的截面图;
图2是示出了根据现有技术的往复式压缩机中活塞冲程最大的截面图;
图3是示出了根据现有技术的往复式压缩机中活塞冲程最小的截面图;
图4是示出了根据本发明的往复式压缩机中活塞冲程最大的截面图;
图5是示出了根据本发明的往复式压缩机中活塞冲程最小的截面图;和
图6和7是示出了活塞冲程根据本发明的往复式压缩机中容量的变化而的变化的截面图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本发明的优选实施例,在附图中示出了其实例。
在下文中,将参考附图更详细地说明根据本发明往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置。
图4是根据本发明的往复式压缩机中活塞冲程最大的截面图,图5是根据本发明的往复式压缩机中活塞冲程最小的截面图。
如图所示,根据本发明的往复式压缩机包括:外壳10,其具有吸气管SP和排气管DP;机架单元20,弹性地支撑外壳10;往复式电机30,由机架单元20支撑并固定在外壳10中;压缩单元40,其具有活塞42,并用于当活塞42连同往复式电机30的动子33直线往复运动时,吸入和压缩制冷剂气体;以及活塞移动装置,用于根据压缩机的容量变化移动活塞42,从而保持相同的上止点。
机架单元20包括:前机架21,支撑往复式发动机30的外定子31的一侧;接合到前机架21的中间机架22,处于往复式电机30插入在二者之间的状态,用于支撑往复式电机30的外定子31;后机架23,其接合到中间机架22,以支撑共振弹簧单元50。
往复式电机30包括:外定子31,其具有绕组线圈C,并被固定在前机架21和中间机架22之间;内定子32,其被插入固定到压缩单元40的汽缸41中,以使之位于外定子31的内侧,并在磁通量方向做直线往复运动;以及动子33,其具有磁铁M,并在外定子31和内定子32之间在磁通量方向做直线往复运动。
压缩单元40包括:汽缸41,插入固定到内定子32;活塞42,其可滑动地插入汽缸41中,用于通过进气管F吸入制冷剂并压缩该制冷剂;吸气阀43,被安装在汽缸41一端以开关进气管;排气阀44,其可分开地安装在气缸41的一端,以便插入一定深度以限制压缩气体的排放;阀门弹簧45,弹性地支撑排气阀44;以及排气盖46,其具有排气阀44及其中的阀门弹簧45,并被固定到连着汽缸41的前机架21上。
往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置包括:活塞42,其在汽缸41内直线往复运动,并具有由往复式电机来改变的冲程长度;多个引导活塞42共振运动的共振弹簧52;以及活塞移动单元100,用于根据压缩机容量变化向前或向后移动活塞42,从而保持相同的上止点。
在活塞42中提供有进气管F,第一齿轮装置110被固定接合在进气孔F的后侧。而且,轮缘部分42a形成在活塞42后侧的外圆周表面上,以便可分开地固定在动子33或弹簧支撑单元51上。
多个可滑动地接合到动子33或弹簧支撑单元51的导向杆42b以圆周方向形成在轮缘部分42a的后表面上,使得活塞42在做径向往复运动时可以被支撑在动子33或弹簧支撑单元51上。
活塞移动单元100包括:第一齿轮装置110,其被形成作为固定在活塞42后端的传动齿条;与第一齿轮装置啮合地旋转的第二齿轮装置120,其被形成为小齿轮以在轴向移动连着活塞42的第一齿轮装置110;以及活塞移动电机130,其连接到第二齿轮装置120,并驱动该第二齿轮装置120。
活塞移动电机130是同往复式发动机30分开安装的驱动源,并且其优选提供有控制器(未示出)以便根据压缩机容量的变化而自动地对应活塞42的冲程变化。
活塞移动电机130优选固定到弹簧支撑单元51上。
尽管在本发明中活塞移动单元100构造为带有齿轮,该活塞移动单元100也可以形成为气压装置或液压装置。
活塞移动装置100可以利用超声电机直接改变活塞,而无需能量传导设备如齿轮。
共振弹簧单元50包括:弹簧支撑单元51,其被固定到动子33上并可分开地固定到活塞42;多个前共振弹簧52,用于支撑弹簧支撑单元51的前侧;以及多个后共振弹簧53,用于支撑弹簧支撑单元51的后侧。
如前所述,根据活塞42的初始位置来安排弹簧支撑单元51,使其粘附于活塞42或与活塞42隔开。举例来说,如图4中所示,当活塞42以用于大冷却能力的最大冲程运动时,弹簧支撑单元51被粘附到活塞42上。可是,当需要小冷却能力时,如图5所示,活塞42与弹簧支撑单元51隔开。该弹簧支撑单元51将活塞移动电机130固定到在其中心形成的轮缘部分(未示出),并提供有多个导向孔51a,以在圆周方向可滑动地接合活塞42的导向杆42b。
未作解释的附图标记33a表示导向孔。
本发明的效果将解释如下。
图6和7是示出了活塞冲程根据本发明的往复式压缩机中容量变化而变化的截面图。
当电源被加到往复式电机机30的外定子31的绕组线圈C时,在外定子31和内定子32之间产生磁通量,因此动子33和活塞42在磁通量方向运动。同时,活塞42通过弹簧单元50在汽缸41内直线往复运动,并在汽缸41的压缩室P中产生压力差,由此将制冷剂气体吸入压缩室P,压缩到一定压力,并排出气体。吸气、压缩和排气的过程重复进行。
如图6中所示,当活塞42冲程长度达到100%时,活塞移动电机130使第二齿轮装置120逆时针方向转动,而第一齿轮装置110向后移动到图的右侧。就是说,接合第一齿轮装置110的活塞42向汽缸41的后侧移动。从而活塞完成了具有增加的冲程长度L1的运动,如图4所示,从而提供最大制冷能力。
反之,当根据制冷循环的负荷改变压缩机需要降低制冷能力时,活塞移动电机130顺时针方向转动第二齿轮装置120,而第一齿轮装置110向前移动到图的左侧。就是说,接合第一齿轮装置110的活塞42向汽缸41的前侧移动,如图5所示。因此即便活塞的冲程长度L2减少到大约50%,也能保持上止点相同以保持压缩室的体积对制冷剂气体的吸入量的关系相同,这样避免了压缩机效率的降低。
如前所述,在根据本发明的往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置中,根据压缩机容量的变化在轴向移动活塞以保持相同的上止点。因此,即使压缩机被驱动在低容量时,活塞也被压到排气阀边,从而减少死区容积,也因此避免了压缩机效率的降低。
因为在不脱离本发明的精神及其本质特征的情况下,其可以具体表现为多种形式,所以应该理解,除非特别说明,上述的实施例不受任意前述描述的细节限制,而是应该在所附权利要求中定义的精神和范围内被广泛地理解,并且因此,所附权利要求意在包括所有落入权利要求范围或范围的等效物内的修改和变更。

Claims (9)

1.一种往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置,其包括:
活塞,在汽缸内直线往复运动,并具有由往复式电机改变的冲程长度;
多个共振弹簧,用于引导该活塞的共振运动;及
活塞移动单元,用于根据压缩机的容量变化而在该活塞的运动方向上向前或向后移动该活塞,并从而保持相同的上止点。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中该活塞移动单元包括:
第一齿轮,其固定在该活塞的后端;
第二齿轮,其旋转并啮合在该第一齿轮装置上,以在轴向移动连着活塞的第一齿轮装置;及
活塞移动电机,其连接到第二齿轮装置用于驱动该第二齿轮装置。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中该第一齿轮装置为齿条,第二齿轮为小齿轮。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中该活塞移动单元是气压单元。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中该活塞移动单元是液压单元。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中该活塞移动单元是超声电机。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置,进一步包括支撑共振弹簧的弹簧支撑单元。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置,其中该活塞移动单元固定到该弹簧支撑单元上。
9.如权利要求7所述的装置,其中该活塞和弹簧支撑单元之一设置有导向孔,以及设置有在另一方上形成可滑动地插入到该导向孔中以在径向支撑活塞的导向杆。
CNB2005101185824A 2004-12-10 2005-10-31 用于往复式压缩机的活塞移动装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100387840C (zh)

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