CN1860200A - 可溶解在润滑油中的含氟烃制冷剂组合物 - Google Patents
可溶解在润滑油中的含氟烃制冷剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1860200A CN1860200A CNA01819561XA CN01819561A CN1860200A CN 1860200 A CN1860200 A CN 1860200A CN A01819561X A CNA01819561X A CN A01819561XA CN 01819561 A CN01819561 A CN 01819561A CN 1860200 A CN1860200 A CN 1860200A
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Abstract
本发明提供适合在很宽的应用范围中使用的含氟烃组合物。本发明的组合物能溶解在烃润滑油中,因此,在制冷应用中代替CFC和HCFC组合物是特别有用的。
Description
与相关申请的关系
本申请要求专利保护2000年9月27日提交给美国专利和商标局的临时申请No.60/235,847,和2000年9月27日提交的美国专利申请No.09/670,738(未决的)的优先权,在此通过引用将这二份文献并入本文。
发明领域
本发明一般涉及含氟烃(hydrofluorocarbon)制冷剂组合物,更具体而言,本发明涉及可溶解在传统与含氯制冷剂一道使用的润滑油中的含氟烃制冷剂组合物,该组合物适合用作含氯制冷剂的替代物。
发明背景
将含氟烃(“HFCs”)用做含氯制冷剂,例如全氯氟烃(chlorofluorocarbon)(“CFC”)和含氯氟烃(hydrochlorofluorocarbon)(“HCFC”)制冷剂的替代物是特别有利的。这里所用的术语“制冷剂”,一般系指在机械系统中压缩和冷凝时,将热释放到环境中,在膨胀和蒸发时从环境中吸热的化合物或化合物的组合物。这些化合物一般具有令人满意的蒸发潜热,优良的传热系数,和良好的稳定性,对机械设备中使用的弹性体和塑料几乎没有影响,具有合理的压缩比,在润滑移动部件使用的润滑油中溶解性良好,且具有不易燃性。
在本申请中,制冷剂的溶解度及其不易燃性是特别有意义的。HFC制冷剂必须在宽的操作温度范围内溶解在润滑剂中,降低润滑剂的粘度,使其更容易在系统中流动。如果没有这样的溶解性,润滑剂往往在制冷系统蒸发器的蛇管以及该系统的其它部件中发生阻塞,从而降低系统的效率。
本发明人已经认识到,替代物HFC制冷剂不仅能溶解在一般使用的润滑剂中,而且还能溶解在与CFC制冷剂一道使用的特定类型的常规润滑剂中,是特别有利的。这里使用的术语“常规润滑剂”,一般系指相当易溶的和/或可与已知的CFC制冷剂溶混的已知润滑剂。通常使用的并在市场上可以买到的常规润滑剂的实例,包括矿物油或烃油、烷基苯油、白油或石蜡油、和其中二种或多种的混合物。
可溶解在常规润滑剂中的替代物HFC制冷剂的主要优点,是具有与这些润滑剂一道,继续使用这些新制冷剂的能力,这些润滑剂往往比较便宜,而且在市场上可以买到。因此,使用用常规润滑剂可溶的HFC制冷剂,能设计出费用比较低的,对环境无害的制冷系统。
润滑剂可溶解的HFC制冷剂的另一个优点,是在不需要从系统中排出润滑油的情况下,将它们应用于现有的包含CFC的制冷系统中的能力。使现有的润滑剂留下,和在系统中填充恰当的制冷剂,可以大大节省时间和费用。
对润滑剂可溶的制冷剂的需求不利的是,需要生产不易燃的组合物。本发明人已经认识到,溶解度和易燃性往往是竞争性要求,因为能提高与润滑油的溶解性的组合物的成分也能提高这些化合物的易燃性。
因此,需要不仅能充分溶解在常规润滑剂中,而且还是不易燃的HFC制冷剂。
发明详述
本发明通过提供一种不仅可溶解在常规润滑剂中,而且还是可燃性低的HFC制冷剂,克服了上述的缺点。具体而言,发明人已经确定,包括五氟丙烷(“R-125”)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(“R-134a”)、和环戊烷的HFC制冷剂,对常规润滑油具有出乎预料的高溶解度,而对制冷剂应用,又有足够的不易燃性。
本发明的一个方面,是适合与常规润滑油一道使用的HFC制冷剂。在优选的实施方案中,本发明的制冷剂包括R-125、R-134a和环戊烷。
本发明的另一个方面,是本发明的制冷剂和润滑剂的可溶性组合(a soluble combination)。在优选的实施方案中,该组合包括制冷剂和润滑剂,前者包括R-125、R-134a和环戊烷,后者选自矿物油、烷基苯油、白(石蜡)油,以及其中二种或多种的混合物。
本发明的另一个方面,是在保留系统中润滑油的情况下,置换制冷剂系统中CFCs和/或HCFCs的方法。在优选的实施方案中,该方法包括下列步骤:(a)在保留所述系统中大部分润滑剂的情况下,从制冷系统中排出含氯的制冷剂;和(b)将包括R-125、R-134a、和环戊烷的组合物,加到所述的系统中。
本发明HFC制冷剂的其它用途,也在本发明的范围内。这些用途的实例,包括用作气溶胶推进剂、传热介质、气态电介质、灭火剂、发泡剂、溶剂等。
申请人已经认识到,包括R-125和/或R-134a的许多制冷剂,在常规润滑剂中都具有有限的溶解度,因而具有有限的应用。虽然以前已将正戊烷加到现有技术的HFC制冷剂中,提高这些制冷剂在常规润滑剂中的溶解度,但申请人发现,将环戊烷加到包括R-125和R-134a的制冷剂中,能生成具有出乎预料高的溶解度和具有出乎预料低的易燃性的制冷剂。
申请人意外地发现,即使在包括R-125和R-134a的制冷剂中使用少量的环戊烷,也能大幅度地提高这些制冷剂在常规润滑剂中的溶解度。例如已经发现,以组合物的总重量为标准计算,本发明的组合物包括低至1.5重量%(“wt%”)的环戊烷,其在常规润滑剂中的溶解度,比没有环戊烷的R-125/R-134a制冷剂提高至10wt%。这表明增加的溶解度,相当于加入制冷剂中环戊烷量的六倍。这样的结果是出乎预料的。
因此,本发明提供包括R-125、R-134a和环戊烷的制冷剂组合物。本领域的技术人员会认识到,本发明组合物在常规润滑剂中的溶解度取决于许多变量,这些变量包括在制冷剂组合物中使用的R-125、R-134a和环戊烷的相对量,以及润滑剂的组成。此外,本发明的组合物在常规润滑剂中的溶解度,还随温度和压力而变化。
根据某些优选的实施方案,本发明组合物在常规润滑剂中的溶解度,以本发明的组合物和润滑剂的总重量为基准计算,为至少约10wt%。更优选本发明组合物的溶解度,为至少约15wt%,更优选至少约20wt%。在某些特别优选的实施方案中,本发明组合物的溶解度,为约25wt%。发明人还发现,在很宽的温度和压力范围内,例如从约-40℃至约60℃,和从约0psig至约500psig,都能达到本发明制冷剂的溶解度。
此外,申请人意外地发现,本发明的润滑剂可溶解的组合物是不易燃的。图1是包括R-125、R-134a和环戊烷的组合物的三元易燃性图。根据采用承保人实验室制冷剂易燃性实验方法(UnderwriterLaboratories Flammability test method)2182中所述的设备测定,该图用曲线绘出包括R-125、R-134a和环戊烷的易燃和不易燃组合物的范围。如图1所示,处于曲线左边的组合物被认为是不易燃的,即它们的火焰极限为0(zero flame limit)。
如图1所示,包含多达约8wt%的各种组合物,是不易燃的。优选本发明的制冷剂组合物处于不易燃的区域。根据某些实施方案,本发明的制冷剂包括约35至约80重量份的R-125、约15至约60重量份的R-134a、和约0.1至约5重量份的环戊烷。在某些优选的实施方案中,制冷剂包括约47至约80重量份的R-125、约17至约60重量份的R-134a、和约0.1至约3重量份的环戊烷。在一些更优选的实施方案中,制冷剂包括约48至约80重量份的R-125、约18至约60重量份的R-134a、和约0.1至约2重量份的环戊烷。根据其它的实施方案,本发明的制冷剂组合物,基本上由R-125、R-134a、和环戊烷按不同的比例和上述优选的范围组成。
除了R-125、R-134a和环戊烷以外,本发明的组合物还可以包含添加剂,例如抗氧化剂、热稳定性增强剂、缓蚀剂、金属减活剂、润滑性添加剂、粘度指数增加剂、倾点和/或絮凝点下降剂、洗涤剂、分散剂、消泡剂、抗磨添加剂、耐极压添加剂、和其中二种或多种的组合。
适合本发明使用的抗氧化剂和热稳定性增强剂的实例,包括例如二苯基-、二萘基-、和苯基萘基-胺类,其中苯基和萘基可以是被取代的,例如N,N′-二苯基苯二胺、对辛基二苯胺、对,对-二辛基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、N-(对十二烷基)苯基-2-萘胺、二-1-萘胺、和二-2-萘胺;吩噻嗪(phenothazines),例如N-烷基吩噻嗪;亚氨基(双苄基)(imino(bisbenzyl));受阻酚,例如6-(叔丁基)苯酚、2,6-二-(叔丁基)苯酚、4-甲基-2,6-二-(叔丁基)苯酚、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二-{叔丁基}苯酚);和其中二种或多种的组合等。
适合本发明组合物使用的亚铜金属减活剂的实例,包括例如:咪唑、苯并咪唑(benzamidazole)、2-巯基苯并噻唑、2,5-二巯基噻二唑、sallicylidine-丙二胺、吡唑、苯并三唑、tolutriazole、2-甲基苯并咪唑、3,5-二甲基吡唑、和亚甲基双苯并三唑。优选苯并三唑衍生物。更一般的金属减活剂和/或缓蚀剂的其它实例,包括有机酸类和它们的酯类、金属盐类、和酸酐,例如N-油基肌氨酸、一油酸脱水山梨糖醇酯、环烷酸铅、十二碳烯基琥珀酸及其偏酯和酰胺、和4-壬基苯氧基乙酸;脂肪族和脂环族的伯、仲、叔胺,以及有机和无机酸的胺盐,例如油溶性的烷基铵羧酸盐;含氮的杂环化合物,例如噻二唑、取代的咪唑啉、和唑啉;喹啉、醌、和蒽醌;没食子酸丙酯;二壬基萘磺酸钡;链烯基琥珀酸酐或链烯基琥珀酸的酯类和酰胺衍生物、二硫代氨基甲酸酯、二硫代磷酸酯;酸式磷酸烷基酯的胺盐和它们的衍生物。
适宜的润滑性添加剂的实例,包括脂肪酸与天然油类的长链衍生物,例如酯类、胺类、酰胺、咪唑啉、和硼酸酯。
适宜的粘度指数增加剂的实例,包括聚甲基丙烯酸酯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮的共聚物、以及甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丁烯、和苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
适宜的倾点和/或絮凝点降低剂的实例,包括聚甲基丙烯酸酯,例如甲基丙烯酸酯-乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯三元共聚物;烷基化的萘衍生物;和尿素与萘或酚经弗瑞德-克来福特(Friedel-Crafts)催化的缩合产物。
适宜的洗涤剂和/或分散剂的实例,包括聚丁烯基琥珀酸酰胺;聚丁烯基膦酸衍生物;长链烷基取代的芳香族磺酸及其盐类;和烷基硫的金属盐、烷基酚的金属盐、以及烷基酚与醛缩合产物的金属盐。
适宜的消泡剂的实例,包括硅氧烷聚合物和丙烯酸酯。
适宜的抗磨和耐极压添加剂的实例,包括硫化的脂肪酸类和脂肪酸酯,例如硫化的树脂酸辛酯;硫化的萜类;硫化的烯烃;有机多硫化物;有机磷衍生物,其中包括磷酸胺、酸式磷酸烷基酯、磷酸二烷基酯、二硫代磷酸胺、偶磷硫代硫酸(phosphorothionates)三烷基和三芳基酯、三烷基和三芳基膦、和亚磷酸二烷基酯,例如磷酸一己酯的胺盐、二壬基萘磺酸的胺盐、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三萘酯、磷酸二苯基甲苯酯和磷酸二甲苯基苯酯、磷酸萘基二苯酯、偶磷硫代硫酸三苯酯;二硫代氨基甲酸盐,例如二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锑;氯化和/或氟化的烃类,和黄原酸酯。
上述类型添加剂的有效量一般范围,抗氧化剂成分为约0.01至约5%,缓蚀剂成分为约0.01至约5%,金属减活剂成分为约0.001至约0.5%,润滑性添加剂为约0.5至约5%,粘度指数增加剂和倾点和/或絮凝点降低剂,各为约0.01至约2%,洗涤剂和分散剂各为约0.1至约5%,消泡剂为约0.001至约0.1%,抗磨和耐极压成分各为约0.1至约2%。所有这些百分数,均为重量百分数,是以总组合物为基准计算的。应当理解,或多于或少于上述量的添加剂可能更适合具体的情况,对每一类添加剂成分,都可以采用单一分子类型或混合物类型。这里使用的术语“有效量”,系指在与其它的一种或多种成分组合时,能获得本发明组合物的每一种成分的量。
许多上述的添加剂是多功能的。例如,某些添加剂可以赋予抗磨和耐极压这二种性质,或起金属减活剂和缓蚀剂这二种作用。所有的添加剂合起来,优选不超过总组合物重量的约8wt%,或更优选不超过约5wt%。
本发明还提供本发明的制冷剂与润滑剂的可溶性组合。适合在可溶性组合中使用的润滑油,包括矿物油、烃油、烷基苯油、白油或石蜡油、和其中二种或多种的混合物。以组合的总重量为基准计算,润滑油的存在量优选为约1至约60wt%。润滑油的存在量更优选为约10wt%至约50wt%。
本发明的组合物,适合很宽的使用范围,特别适合在制冷系统中使用。这里使用的术语“制冷系统”,一般系指能使制冷剂冷凝和膨胀,进行传热的任何系统或设备,或这类系统或设备的任何部件或部分。这类系统一般具有低压部分和高压部分,制冷剂在低压部分发生膨胀和蒸发,从而吸收热量,制冷剂在高压部分被压缩和冷凝,从而放出热量。这类系统的实例,包括空调、蒸气泵、和制冷机。
根据某些实施方案,本发明提供重新充填包含含氯制冷剂的制冷系统的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)从制冷系统中排出含氯的制冷剂;和(b)将本发明的HFC制冷剂加到所述的系统中。
对于步骤(a),优选排出步骤在系统的低压部分进行,以避免使用额定压力的抽空系统和连接件,如果允许,可利用制冷剂的挥发性(制冷剂的沸点一般在10℃以下)和它们从系统中逸出的倾向。可以采用许多方式在低压下排出CFC制冷剂,其中包括例如采用制冷剂回收系统(例如通过俄亥俄Robinair可商购的),以气体状态从系统中泵送出含氯的制冷剂,或采用连接在制冷系统低压部分的冷却的抽出制冷剂的冷藏容器,从系统中抽出气态的制冷剂。为了便于排出CFC制冷剂,可优选使用压缩机,将制冷剂从系统泵送到容器中。也可以采用替代物HFC制冷剂,从系统中冲洗出制冷剂。
本领域的技术人员会认识到,在本发明方法中使用的冷冻系统,一般包括压缩机和膨胀室,其中装有制冷剂和润滑剂,通过它们使制冷剂和润滑剂循环。在优选的实施方案中,排出步骤(a)包括,从制冷系统中排出含氯的制冷剂,而将大部分润滑剂留下。这里使用的术语“大部分”,一般系指润滑剂的量至少为在排出含氯的制冷剂之前,制冷系统中所拥有的润滑剂量的约50%(重量)。系统中润滑剂的大部分,其量优选为制冷系统中原有润滑剂的至少约70%,更优选为至少约90%。在期望将现有的润滑剂保留在原处的情况下,优选利用制冷剂比润滑剂(矿物油的沸点一般在200℃以上)具有较高的挥发性,以气体的形式抽出CFC制冷剂,而润滑剂仍以液相的形式留下。因此,上面讨论的以蒸气形式从系统中排出制冷剂的技术,比以液体形式排出制冷剂优选。
对于步骤(b),在本发明中可以采用任何方法,将制冷剂组合物加到制冷系统中。也优选在系统的低压部分,将HFC制冷剂加到系统中,以避免使用额定的高压设备。例如,一种方法包括将制冷剂容器固定在制冷系统的低压部分上,开动制冷系统的压缩机,将制冷剂压入系统中。在这些实施方案中,可以将制冷剂容器放在称上,以使得能够监测制冷剂组合物进入系统中的量。当系统中加入所需量的制冷剂组合物时,就停止加入。
在制冷和蒸气泵应用中,可以采用本领域众所周知的方法,使用本发明的组合物进行冷却和/或加热。例如,本领域的技术人员都知道,冷却和加热,按惯例是通过制冷剂组合物在制冷/加热系统中冷凝和蒸发进行的。因此可以采用包括下列步骤的方法,使用本发明的组合物进行传热:(a)使本发明的制冷剂冷凝;(b)从制冷剂中除去热量;(c)使制冷剂蒸发;和(d)将热量加到制冷剂中。
实施例
为了举例说明起见,以非限制的方式,结合本发明组合物的下列
实施例说明本发明。
实施例1
采用下列实施例,举例说明本发明混合物的不易燃特性。
采用承保人实验室制冷剂易燃性实验方法2182中所述的设备,在60℃测定包括R-125、R-134a和环戊烷的组合物的临界易燃性比例(C.F.R.)。可在混合物本身变成易燃的之前,将根据C.F.R.确定的易燃材料的最大量加到混合物中。将环戊烷——易燃性材料——加到R-125、R134、以及R-125和R-134a的混合物中。将获得的易燃性数据,列在下面的表1中。此外,图1还用曲线示出包括R-125/R-134a和环戊烷的易燃和不易燃组合物的范围。正如所指出的,处于所绘线左边的这些组合物,是不易燃的组合物。
表1
温度(℃) | 制冷剂 | 环戊烷的wt% |
60 | R-134a(94.8wt%) | 5.2 |
60 | R-125(91.8wt%) | 8.2 |
60 | R-134a(45.5wt%)R-125(47.7wt%) | 6.8 |
实施例2
采用下面的实施例,举例说明HFC制冷剂较高的溶解度,由在包括本发明组合物的空调系统中所观察到的润滑剂循环,比包括现有技术407C制冷剂的系统有所改善显示出。
制备本发明的组合物(“组合物A”)和R-407C(二氟甲烷(R-32)、R-125和R-134a的非共沸混合物)制冷剂,前者包括61.5wt%的R-125、35wt%的R-134a和3.5wt%的环戊烷。将本发明的组合物和R-407C制冷剂加入包含矿物油(Copeland生产的调合白油,在市场上是按目录中No.999-5170-31从Copeland购买的)的制冷机中进行实验,测定在系统中的油回流(oil return)。
在2ton空调器系统的装置中进行实验,该装置类似于在报告DOE/CE/23810-71“在HVAC系统中润滑剂循环的研究”,1995年3月-1996年4月(作者Frank R.Biancardi等人;在ARTI/MCLR项目No.665-53100下为空调和制冷技术研究所制备的)中报道的设备,不同之处在于采用三个不同尺寸的气门(riser)(3/4″,7/8″,和11/8″)代替相同尺寸的气门,使速度的变化更大。也增加了将油从压缩机油池泵送到压缩机排出管线的能力。采用手动泵(hand pump)将90cc油从油池注入压缩机排出管线。观测压缩机油池油位随时间的变化,注意到采用本发明的组合物,油回流相当快,对容量和效率(“COP”)没有明显的影响。在下面的表1中示出容量和COP数据。
表1
组合物 | 容量(ton) | COP |
R-407C | 1.70 | 2.9 |
组合物A | 1.63 | 2.8 |
因此,本发明的制冷剂与R-407C相比,提高了油回流能力,这表明它的溶解度较大。
实施例3
下列的实施例,也说明本发明的组合物比R-407C制冷剂具有较高的溶解度。
制备三种制冷剂组合物,检测它们在矿物油中的溶解度。第一种组合物(“A”)是R-407C制冷剂,第二种组合物(“B”)由25wt%的R-134a、70wt%的R-125和5wt%的环戊烷组成,第三种组合物(“C”)由35wt%的R-134a、63wt%的R-125和2wt%的环戊烷组成。在封闭的玻璃管中将制冷剂与矿物油(C3油,是在市场上从Calgon公司购买的油,其粘度在37℃为32厘沲)混合,观测其中出现二个液相的浓度。测定三种制冷剂每一种在矿物油中的最大溶解度为:A=15wt%,B=25wt%,和C=25wt%。
实施例4
下面的实施例举例说明HFC制冷剂具有较高的溶解度,由与包括现有技术R-417A制冷剂的系统相比,在包括本发明组合物的蒸气泵系统中所观测的润滑剂循环的改善显示出。
制备供使用的三种制冷剂,在蒸气泵系统中进行实验。第一种制冷剂是本发明的组合物,其中包括63wt%的R-125、35.5wt%的R-134a和1.5wt%的环戊烷,第二种是R-417A(由46.5%的R-125、50.0%的R-134a、和3.5%的正丁烷组成)制冷剂,和第三种是R-22制冷剂。
将制冷剂加入蒸气泵中,蒸气泵包括Copeland公司制造的压缩机(型号为ZR22K3-PFV)和Parker Hannifan制造的抽吸式储存器(型号为PA5093-9-6C)。将蒸发器和冷凝器蛇管制成能使用容量7kW压缩机的尺寸。修改抽吸式储存器和压缩机,使其包括能观察储存器内部的视窗或视管,以确定压缩机中的油位。
以加热和冷却两种方式进行实验。所有三种制冷剂都使典型的烃矿物油返回到为在标准空调条件下冷却方式的压缩机中,和返回到为在高温加热条件下加热方式的压缩机中。然而,在室外低温加热条件下(≤-7℃),R-417A混合物开始在抽吸式储存器中积累油和液态制冷剂。由于在该成分中形成二层,富油层浮在富制冷剂层的上面,所以该油不能与抽吸管底部的油回流孔接触,使油不能返回到压缩机中。这种情况是通过监视油层在储存器中升高和油位在压缩机油池中下降观测的。由于牵涉到压缩机在油不够的情况下运行,所以不得不关闭该系统。当该系统采用环戊烷混合物操作时或在进行R-22基准实验时,就未见过这种情况。
Claims (14)
1.一种包含制冷剂的组合物,所述的制冷剂包括至少约35至约80重量份的R-125、约15至约60重量份的R-134a和约0.1至约5重量份的环戊烷。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述的制冷剂包括约47至约80重量份的R-125、约17至约60重量份的R-134a和约0.1至约3重量份的环戊烷。
3.权利要求2的组合物,其中所述的制冷剂包括约48至约80重量份的R-125、约18至约60重量份的R-134a和约0.1至约2重量份的环戊烷。
4.权利要求1的组合物,还包括添加剂,添加剂选自抗氧化剂、热稳定性增强剂、缓蚀剂、金属减活剂、润滑性添加剂、粘度指数增加剂、倾点下降剂、絮凝点下降剂、洗涤剂、分散剂、消泡剂、抗磨剂、耐极压添加剂和其中二种或多种的组合。
5.权利要求1的组合物,还包括润滑油。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中所述的润滑油占组合物的约1wt%至约60wt%。
7.权利要求5的组合物,其中所述的润滑油占组合物重量的约10wt%至约50wt%。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中所述的制冷剂,基本上由约35至约80重量份的R-125、约15至约60重量份的R-134a和约0.1至约5重量份的环戊烷组成。
9.一种重新填充制冷系统的方法,其中包括下列步骤:
(a)从所述的制冷系统中排出含氯的制冷剂;和
(b)在所述的系统中加入包括HFC制冷剂的组合物,所述的制冷剂包含至少约35至约80重量份的R-125、约15至约60重量份的R-134a和约0.1至约5重量份的环戊烷。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述的制冷剂基本上由约35至约80重量份的R-125、约15至约60重量份的R-134a和约0.1至约5重量份的环戊烷组成。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中所述的组合物包含润滑油。
12.一种重新填充制冷系统的方法,其中包括下列步骤:
(a)从制冷系统中排出含氯的制冷剂,同时将大部分润滑剂保留在所述的系统中;和
(b)在所述的系统中加入包含HFC制冷剂的组合物,所述的制冷剂包括至少约35至约80重量份的R-125、约15至约60重量份的R-134a、和约0.1至约5重量份的环戊烷。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中所述的制冷剂基本上由约35至约80重量份的R-125、约15至约60重量份的R-134a和约0.1至约5重量份的环戊烷组成。
14.一种进行传热的方法,其中包括下列步骤:
(a)使包含制冷剂的组合物冷凝,所述的制冷剂包括至少约35至约80重量份的R-125、约15至约60重量份的R-134a和约0.1至约5重量份的环戊烷;
(b)从冷凝的制冷剂中除去热量;
(c)使制冷剂蒸发;和
(d)在蒸发过程中将热量加入制冷剂中。
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DE4226431A1 (de) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-02-17 | Privates Inst Fuer Luft Und Ka | Kältemittelgemisch |
ZA938322B (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1994-06-07 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Refrigeration working fluid compositions containing trifluoroethane |
IL108066A0 (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1994-04-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Refrigeration working fluid compositions containing difluoroethane or pentafluoroethane |
US5458798A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-10-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of a hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrocarbon |
JP3219519B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-12 | 2001-10-15 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
US5531080A (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1996-07-02 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Refrigerant circulating system |
IT1270960B (it) * | 1993-08-13 | 1997-05-26 | Ausimont Spa | Miscele ternarie quasi azeotropiche con fluidi refrigeranti |
GB9319540D0 (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1993-11-10 | Star Refrigeration | Replacement refrigerant composition |
JPH07173460A (ja) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-07-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 冷媒組成物および冷凍装置 |
GB9415140D0 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1994-09-14 | Ici Plc | Refrigerant compositions |
US5858266A (en) * | 1994-10-05 | 1999-01-12 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Refrigerating machine oil composition |
KR100433332B1 (ko) * | 1995-07-10 | 2004-08-12 | 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 | 냉동기오일및이를사용하는윤활방법 |
AU7276996A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-05-15 | Beijing Inoue Qinghua Freeze Technology Co. Ltd | Refrigerant |
IT1277085B1 (it) * | 1995-12-14 | 1997-11-04 | Ausimont Spa | Composizioni ternarie quasi azeotropiche costituite da fluorocarburi idrogenati e idrocarburi adatte come fluidi refrigeranti |
JPH09208940A (ja) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-12 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
US6688118B1 (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 2004-02-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of cyclopentane |
US5705086A (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 1998-01-06 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Refrigeration oils comprising esters of hindered alcohols |
ID20305A (id) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-11-26 | Japan Energy Corp | Minyak refrigerator, fluida kerja untuk refrigerator, dan metoda untuk melumasi sistem refrigerasi |
JP4129324B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-21 | 2008-08-06 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 冷凍機油 |
US6783691B1 (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 2004-08-31 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and hydrocarbons |
WO2000058426A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-26 | 2000-10-05 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation | Composition de refroidissement d'huile mouvement |
JP2000273479A (ja) * | 1999-03-26 | 2000-10-03 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | 冷凍機油組成物 |
HUP0202739A2 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2002-12-28 | Refrigerant Products Ltd | R 22 replacement refrigerant |
-
2000
- 2000-09-27 US US09/670,738 patent/US6526764B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-09-27 CA CA002423813A patent/CA2423813A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-27 AU AU2001296349A patent/AU2001296349A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-27 WO PCT/US2001/030263 patent/WO2002026912A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-09-27 KR KR10-2003-7004471A patent/KR20030041994A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-27 JP JP2002530680A patent/JP2004510032A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-27 MX MXPA03002662A patent/MXPA03002662A/es unknown
- 2001-09-27 AU AU2001293146A patent/AU2001293146A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-27 CN CNA01819561XA patent/CN1860200A/zh active Pending
- 2001-09-27 WO PCT/US2001/030276 patent/WO2002026913A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102281932B (zh) * | 2008-11-19 | 2016-01-06 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 用于溶解油的组合物和方法 |
CN113583632A (zh) * | 2015-02-06 | 2021-11-02 | 科慕埃弗西有限公司 | 包含z-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯的组合物及其用途 |
CN109689830A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-04-26 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 热传递组合物、方法和系统 |
CN109689830B (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2021-07-06 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 热传递组合物、方法和系统 |
CN109749711A (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-05-14 | 南京知博工业科技有限公司 | 一种冷凝剂 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001296349A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 |
JP2004510032A (ja) | 2004-04-02 |
WO2002026913A2 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
MXPA03002662A (es) | 2004-03-18 |
WO2002026912A3 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
CA2423813A1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
AU2001293146A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 |
WO2002026912A2 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
US6526764B1 (en) | 2003-03-04 |
KR20030041994A (ko) | 2003-05-27 |
WO2002026913A3 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
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