CN1849075A - 食品组合物 - Google Patents
食品组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1849075A CN1849075A CNA200480025798XA CN200480025798A CN1849075A CN 1849075 A CN1849075 A CN 1849075A CN A200480025798X A CNA200480025798X A CN A200480025798XA CN 200480025798 A CN200480025798 A CN 200480025798A CN 1849075 A CN1849075 A CN 1849075A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- edible composition
- composition
- fat
- emulsifying agent
- preferred
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
本发明提供可食用组合物,其包含脂肪和至少一种过渡金属、二价金属或其化合物,和以脂肪重量为基础的0.01-50%wt的乳化剂,该乳化剂包含与具有3-6个碳原子和一个或多个游离羟基的碳链连接的羧基酯基团,包含酯化甘油乳化剂和酯化藻酸的混合物。可食用组合物中30%或更少的热量由脂肪提供。该组合物具有良好的稳定性和营养价值。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及包含脂肪和过渡金属、二价金属和/或它们的化合物的可食用组合物。该化合物在储藏时具有良好的感观稳定性和物理稳定性。
发明背景
采用所谓西方饮食的国家内肥胖的发生率和超重人士的数量在过去十年内急剧增加。由于肥胖和超重通常已知与各种疾病如心脏病、高血压、2型糖尿病和动脉硬化有关,该增加是医学界和个人的主要健康问题。而且,西方人大多数将超重认为没有吸引力。
这导致消费者对于其健康的兴趣增加,创造了对帮助减轻或控制每日热量摄入和/或控制体重和/或身体外观的产品的需求。已提出某些溶液以帮助个体控制体重。这些溶液中使用药物例如以抑制消化系统中酶的活性。但是通常不优选使用药物,除非医学目的确实需要。
另一种提出的超重问题的解决方案是规定有关个体特殊的饮食,例如,具有有限每日热量摄入的饮食。这些饮食的问题是它们通常没有提供健康的营养平衡和/或它们难以适应现代生活方式。
已提出将膳食替代产品作为健康饮食的部分,以控制或降低体重。例如,US 5,688,547公开了包含膳食纤维、蛋白质、羧甲基纤维素和凝胶的营养膳食替代组合物。
这些膳食替代产品通常为计划作为单份食品消费的产品,例如棒或饮料等,以代替每日一餐或两餐。设计这种膳食替代产品使得一方面它们提供了有限的热量摄入,但另一方面它们提供了营养成分的健康平衡,并且方便结合到个体的每日饮食中。
为了提供营养成分的健康平衡,可用微量营养素如过渡金属和它们的化合物强化食品。这对于计划用于失重或体重维持计划的食品特别正确,在该计划中消费食品的对象可食用有限的热量和可能营养有限的饮食(参见例如US 5,688,547)。
但是,微量营养素强化食品(尤其是计划用于失重或体重维持计划的食品例如膳食替代产品或低热量点心)的普遍问题是,当加入过渡金属和它们的化合物向消费产品的对象提供营养益处的时候,产品或其中使用成分的感观性质和/或稳定性(包括物理稳定性)可受到不利的影响。
具体地说,产品的感观性质在储藏时可受到不利影响,导致产品的一种或多种味道、口感或质地恶化。这些稳定性问题可通过某些方式显现;产品可随时间改变颜色和/或可显示某种程度的物理不稳定性如相分离(例如油相分离)和/或一种或多种成分可显示某种程度的化学不稳定性(例如氧化敏感成分如某些脂肪的氧化)。
在过渡金属和它们的化合物存在下,尤其是食品的感观性质、颜色稳定性和化学稳定性可受到不利影响。
当可食用组合物包含脂肪时上述问题通常更迫切。例如,许多脂肪容易氧化,因为它们在化学上不是非常稳定,这可导致随时间在产品中产生异味。当可食用组合物包含不饱和脂肪例如葵花籽油时这尤其显而易见。但是,期望包含这种成分以为组合物提供有益的营养性质。
当在高温下长时间储存时(例如30℃下4周),或者,当可食用组合物在制备过程中经受可用于制备环境稳定食品的热处理步骤(例如巴氏灭菌或其它灭菌步骤)时,感观性质的恶化和/或储存时的稳定性尤其成为问题。
同样,对于包含相对低水平脂肪以控制脂肪提供的热量水平的组合物,为组合物提供良好口感的问题尤其有关。这种产品可以是所谓的全脂产品的“低脂”版本。消费者通常希望更高脂肪产品提供的口感,但是又没有与其相关的脂肪水平。
消费者对认为健康和可帮助他们达到失重目标的食物表现出偏好,同时,他们对牺牲他们喜好食物的感观性质表现出很少的倾向。
因此,成功食物的配方设计师必须在保持理想感观性质和稳定性的同时改善食物的营养价值。具体地说,在储存时这种食物的外观和/或质地可恶化,如同产品和/或一种或多种其成分的物理稳定性可恶化。
美国专利6,245,803(Abbott Labs)公开了元素营养配方,其声称补充完整具有特殊饮食需要的人的营养。该配方使用特殊游离氨基酸(一盐酸L-天冬酰胺和L-谷氨酰胺),配方中38-50%的热量由脂肪提供。该配方可包含酯化甘油乳化剂。
US 6,248,375(Abbott Labs)公开了设计用于糖尿病人的固体基质材料。其包含双成分糖系统,该系统据称为钝化餐后糖效应。提到的一种给予形式是营养棒。在实施例中公开的营养棒包含约15%或16%重量的大豆蛋白、约4.6%重量的甘油、维生素和矿物质预混合物(包含锌、铁和铜)。
EP-A-626,177(Abbott Labs)公开了饮料营养组合物,用于感染人免疫缺陷病毒的人。该饮料包含油、大豆蛋白水解物和作为乳化剂的双乙酰酒石酸单甘油酯和二甘油酯。
WO 94/15486(Danish Crown Inc.)公开了包含藻酸丙二醇酯的乳化食品。
JP 56065622(San-EI Chem Ind.Ltd.)公开了主要包含清蛋白和任选的天然或合成糊(其可包含藻酸丙二醇酯)的发泡剂。
但是,虽然有上述进展,本领域中仍需要提供本文上述问题的解决方案。
认识到需要有效和方便的食品,当其中包含某些微量营养素(尤其是过渡金属或它们的化合物)时,其保持良好的感观性质和稳定性,已进行了研究以解决一种或多种与其有关的问题。
具体地说,仍然需要可食用组合物,其包含营养优势水平的过渡金属、二价金属和/或它们的化合物,但其对于消费者具有可接受的感观性质。具体地说,需要这种可食用组合物,在储存时和/或当通过包括热处理步骤的方法制备时,其保持良好的味道(例如不产生不佳气味)、口感或质地。
也需要可食用组合物,其包含营养优势水平的过渡金属、二价金属和/或它们的化合物,其生产方便和/或经济,但产物和/或其成分在生产和储存时表现良好的稳定性。尤其需要这种组合物,其表现颜色稳定性方面的良好物理稳定性和/或成分的良好化学稳定性(例如抗氧化)。
也仍需要可食用组合物,其包含营养优势水平的过渡金属和/或它们的化合物,在储存时表现一种或多种上述感观性质和稳定性,尤其在高温长时间储存时(例如30℃下4周),或者是当可食用组合物在制备中经历可用于制备环境稳定食品的热处理步骤时(例如巴氏灭菌或其它灭菌步骤)。
所有上述尤其适用于膳食替代产品或其它作为失重或重量控制计划部分消费的热量控制产品。
本发明寻求解决一种或多种上述问题。
发明概述
出人意外地发现,当可食用组合物包含受控水平的脂肪和至少一种过渡金属、二价金属或其化合物,并还包含某种乳化剂时,可改善一种或多种上述问题。
因此本发明的第一个方面提供可食用组合物,其包含脂肪和:
1)至少一种过渡金属、二价金属、过渡金属化合物或二价金属化合物,和
2)以脂肪重量为基础的0.01-50%wt乳化剂,该乳化剂包含与具有3-6个碳原子和一个或多个游离羟基的碳链连接的羧酸酯基团,其中乳化剂化合物包含酯化甘油乳化剂和酯化藻酸的混合物,此外可食用组合物中30%或更少千卡的热量由脂肪提供。
尤其优选可食用组合物包含酯化甘油乳化剂和/或酯化藻酸的混合物,以及至少一种稳定剂和/或至少一种增稠剂。
优选稳定剂为果胶。优选增稠剂选自淀粉或胶。最优选使用稳定剂和增稠剂两者,并且稳定剂为果胶,增稠剂为胶如瓜尔豆胶。
可食用组合物在储存时不遭受不可接受的味道、质地或口感恶化。可食用组合物在储存时也不遭受不可接受的稳定性恶化,尤其是产品或其成分的颜色稳定性和/或化学稳定性。
优选本发明的可食用组合物在20℃储存时至少4个月不遭受上述问题,更优选至少6个月。
不希望受理论限制,相信乳化剂延迟过渡金属离子和/或二价金属离子对可食用组合物中存在的脂肪的有害作用,这可能通过在它们和脂肪之间提供有效屏障。这可通过在脂肪表面如油滴表面结晶而发生,因此形成紧密物理屏障。或者或此外,要求保护的乳化剂可表现金属螫合作用。某些要求保护的乳化剂可与可食用组合物中存在的蛋白质相互作用,以在过渡和/或二价金属离子和脂肪之间提供其它物理屏障,而蛋白质存在于油/水界面上。这通过降低其中蛋白质聚集的可能性,还具有有助于食品的物理稳定性的其它优势。
本语“包含”指不限于任何随后所述组分,包括未指出的具有较大或较小功能重要性的组分。换句话说,所列步骤、组分或选项不需要详尽。每当使用“包括”或“具有”时,这些术语的意思等于以上定义的“包含”。
除了操作和比较实施例之外,或另有清楚说明外,本说明书中所有指示材料量或反应条件、材料物理性质和/或使用的数字,应理解为被“约”修饰。除非另有说明,所有量为重量,以相关产物总重量为基础。
除非另有说明或上下文要求,本文中的术语“脂肪”和“油”可互换使用。同样,除非另有说明或上下文要求,本文中术语“营养棒”和“营养的棒”可互换使用。
对以上更完整的解释和本发明的其它特征和优势,应参见以下优选实施方案的描述。优选实施方案用于本发明的所有方面,可适当地用于各个方面。
发明详述
脂肪
用于可食用组合物的脂肪来源可为动物脂肪或植物脂肪,或其混合物。尤其优选单饱和和/或多不饱和脂肪和其混合物。优选的多不饱和脂肪包括ω-3油例如鱼油和亚麻子油。优选的ω-3脂肪酸为以下的C18:3、C18:4、C20:4、C20:5、C22:5和C22:6。可使用任何包含ω3脂肪酸,尤其是二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,C20:5)和/或二十碳五烯酸(EPA,C22:5)的油。
优选脂肪选自植物脂肪,例如可可脂、印度铁色、牛油树脂(shea)、棕榈、棕榈仁、婆罗双树(sal)、大豆、红花、棉籽、椰子、油菜籽、卡诺拉、玉米和向日葵油、亚油酸和缀合亚油酸、亚麻酸或其混合物。但是,如果与产品的所需营养性质一致,也可使用动物脂肪如乳脂肪。
根据本发明,可食用组合物中30%或更少的千卡热量由脂肪提供。优选可食用组合物中25%或更少的千卡热量由脂肪提供,更优选20%或更少。
以可食用组合物的重量为基础,优选可食用组合物中脂肪的量不超过45wt%,尤其不超过35wt%,优选为0.5-20wt%,仍优选为1-15wt%,关于来源于脂肪的热量百分比符合本发明要求。
过渡金属和过渡金属化合物
根据本发明,可食用组合物包含至少一种过渡金属或过渡金属化合物。
过渡金属优选选自铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜和锌和其混合物,过渡金属化合物优选为这些过渡金属的化合物。已发现铁、钴、镍、铜和锌可导致可食用组合物中具体的味道和感观问题。
可食用组合物通常每份组合物包含最多100%、通常最多55%、优选30-50%、最优选35-45%的给定金属,基于1996年2月26日European Commission Directive 96/8/EC对计划用于有限能量饮食以减轻重量的食品给出的量。过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物的确切量取决于使用的可食用组合物的类型和计划消费该类型可食用组合物的频率。
上述指导中给出的量为1mg锰、1.1mg铜、9.5mg锌和16mg铁。
可食用组合物优选每份包含最多0.5mg锰、最多0.4mg铜、最多3mg锌或最多5mg铁中的一种或多种和其混合物。
至少一种过渡金属或过渡金属化合物可为20℃下基本水不溶形式,这是本发明所优选的。过渡金属或过渡金属化合物可通过任何合适方式以基本水不溶的形式提供。优选使用基本水不溶的盐,或者,使用合适的胶囊材料以达到所需的水不溶水平。
明智地确保过渡金属或过渡金属化合物在可食用组合物制备过程中经历的所有处理温度下为基本水不溶形式,理想地在所达到的最高温度以上5℃或更高时也是。
根据本发明可使用过渡金属的任何基本水不溶化合物,尤其是基本水不溶无机化合物。优选这种化合物选自氧化物、碳酸盐和磷酸盐,包括焦磷酸盐。如果使用铜,优选碳酸铜。如果使用铁,优选焦磷酸铁。如果使用锌,优选氧化锌。
或者或此外,可胶囊化过渡金属或过渡金属化合物,以使其基本水不溶。这为可使用的过渡金属化合物类型提供了多种选择,可允许包含更加生物可利用的化合物。可使用任何合适的胶囊材料。尤其优选使用在胶囊材料熔点以下的温度不允许任何明显水转移穿过胶囊层的胶囊材料。对于可食用组合物制备过程中胶囊化的过渡金属或过渡金属化合物经历高温(例如60℃或更高)时,这尤其重要。
术语“胶囊化”指其中基本在过渡金属或过渡金属化合物周围形成包被的实施方案,和其中过渡金属或过渡金属化合物包裹在基质内部或各处从而使其基本不溶于水的实施方案。过渡金属或过渡金属化合物优选具有基本完整的胶囊材料包被或在其周围的基质。
合适的胶囊材料包括基本水不溶的可食用蜡、蛋白质、纤维、糖类。胶囊材料可为交联的。
可用作全部胶囊材料或其部分的蛋白质包括明胶、牛乳蛋白质(包括酪蛋白酸盐如酪蛋白酸钠和乳清蛋白质如β-乳球蛋白和α乳清蛋白)、清蛋白和植物蛋白质,包括来自菜豆、荚果和谷类(如大豆、豌豆、玉米和小麦)的蛋白质和大豆分离蛋白。
可用作全部胶囊材料或其部分的糖类包括单糖或多糖,包括纤维素聚合物和淀粉(包括水解的和改性淀粉)和糖醇。合适的材料包括阿拉伯树胶、角叉菜胶、琼脂、藻酸盐、果胶和果胶酸盐。优选胶囊材料为糖如藻酸盐或果胶,尤其包括藻酸的钠盐、钾盐和钙盐。
酪蛋白酸钠和任何阿拉伯树胶、角叉菜胶、琼脂和阿拉伯树胶的混合物是合适的。类似地,可使用β-乳球蛋白和任何阿拉伯树胶、角叉菜胶、琼脂、藻酸盐或果胶,尤其是β-乳球蛋白和阿拉伯树胶。
优选过渡金属和/或过渡金属化合物与胶囊材料的重量比在5∶1至1∶15的范围内,优选1∶2至1∶12,例如1∶5至1∶10。
可通过本领域已知的任何合适胶囊化技术胶囊化过渡金属或过渡金属化合物,例如凝聚或喷雾,此处不需要进一步解释。
术语“基本水不溶”指过渡金属或过渡金属化合物基本不溶于水中,尤其是20℃时其在水中的溶解度为1g/100g去离子水或更少,优选0.5g/100g去离子水或更少。
本发明也提供包含至少一种二价金属或二价金属化合物的可食用组合物的稳定方法,其使用相同量的相同乳化剂化合物,与用于过渡金属的具有相同特征,而这些组合物可遭受与包含过渡金属的组合物相同的问题。二价金属和/或二价金属化合物可以以本文对过渡金属离子和它们的化合物给出的量存在。所有上述对过渡金属和它们的化合物给出的内容同样适用于二价金属离子和它们的化合物。
乳化剂化合物
以组合物中脂肪重量为基础,本发明可食用组合物包含0.01-50%wt量的乳化剂,该乳化剂包含与具有3-6个碳原子和一个或多个游离羟基的碳链连接的羧酸酯基团,其中乳化剂包含酯化甘油乳化剂和酯化藻酸的混合物。
以组合物中脂肪重量为基础,优选该组合物包含5-45%wt的所述乳化剂化合物,更优选10-40%wt,例如15-35%wt。
优选羧酸酯基团连接至具有3或4碳原子和一个或多个游离羟基的碳链。
乳化剂化合物优选具有50-100%的酯化程度,更优选55-95%。
一类本发明优选的乳化剂化合物为C12-C20、优选C16-C20碳链的脂肪酸和多羟基醇(优选甘油和1,2-环氧丙烷)的酯。可使用甘油的脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸的聚甘油酯和脂肪酸的聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯酯。优选甘油单酸酯和甘油二酸酯。
优选脂肪酸和多羟基醇的酯为酯化甘油乳化剂,其具有长度C12-C20的脂肪酸链。
尤其优选的乳化剂化合物为用(植物)甘油单酸酯/甘油二酸酯酯化的双乙酰酒石酸。
藻酸丙二醇酯尤其优选酯化藻酸。藻酸盐为甘露糖醛酸和古洛糖酸(guluronic acid)的天然来源共聚物,为由海藻提取的亲水胶体。
优选藻酸丙二醇酯的重量平均分子量为30,000-300,000,更优选40,000-250,000。还优选酯化程度优选为50-95%,更优选75-90%,例如80-90%。
尤其优选的本发明乳化剂混合物为用甘油单酸酯/甘油二酸酯酯化的双乙酰酒石酸和藻酸丙二醇酯,尤其是当以1∶5至5∶1的重量比使用时,最尤其是1∶2至2∶1,例如1∶1。
稳定剂
优选可食用组合物还包含至少一种稳定剂化合物。可使用任何合适的稳定剂,虽然优选果胶。果胶可为任何合适的果胶。对于某些应用,优选甲氧基化果胶,尤其是甲氧基化程度为50%或更高的果胶,更优选60%或更高,例如70%或更高。
存在时,可食用组合物中稳定剂的总量基于可食用组合物优选为0.1-5%wt,更优选0.15-3%wt,例如0.2-2%wt。
增稠剂
优选可食用组合物还包含至少一种增稠剂化合物。可使用任何合适的稳定剂,虽然优选胶和淀粉。
优选可食用组合物包含至少一种稳定剂和至少一种增稠剂。
可使用任何合适的胶,优选的胶包括角叉菜胶、瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶、角豆荚胶、tara gum、阿拉伯树胶和黄芪胶。可使用任何合适的淀粉,优选的淀粉为改性淀粉。合适的淀粉包括从谷类、马铃薯、玉米(尤其是蜡质玉米)、木薯、米或小麦获得的淀粉。
存在时,基于可食用组合物的重量,可食用组合物中增稠剂的总量优选为0.01-3%wt,优选0.02-1.5%wt,例如0.03-1%wt。
根据本发明的尤其优选方面,用甘油单酸酯/甘油二酸酯酯化的双乙酰酒石酸和/或藻酸丙二醇酯的混合物,以及果胶和/或瓜尔豆胶用于可食用组合物中。
组合物中也可使用羧甲基纤维素(carbomymethylcellulose)作为增稠剂,虽然在许多情况下不优选。
可食用组合物的类型
可食用组合物可为任何类型。优选计划用作失重或重量控制计划部分的可食用组合物。尤其优选可食用组合物在环境温度下稳定。
优选的可食用组合物类型包括饮料、营养棒、甜点(包括冰激凌、慕斯)、汤、可溶粉末产品(包括用于制备饮料的产品)和基于谷物或米的产品(包括面食制品和基于面条的产品)。这种产品可为膳食替代类型。
已发现在20℃下pH范围为3-7的可食用组合物尤其容易发生一种或多种上述问题,因此根据本发明是尤其优选的。这对于具有至少某些液体性质的可食用组合物是更显而易见的。这种产物包括饮料,例如基于乳品或大豆的饮料,和能够流动的甜点例如慕斯、奶油冻型甜点、酸奶和冰激凌(当至少部分融化备食用时)等。
根据本发明的一个具体方面,尤其优选在20℃下pH范围为3-7的饮料,因为已发现其中上述问题尤其明显。这种饮料可基于任何奶制品来源蛋白或或蛋白来源,尤其优选20℃下pH范围为3-7的基于酸奶或大豆的饮料,pH更优选为3-5,例如3.5-5.5。
本文所指的份大小是指计划作为单一份消费的可食用组合物的量,通常是一个坐位。
可食用组合物的份大小取决于组合物的类型。对于饮料,典型份大小范围为100-500ml,优选200-400ml,例如250-350ml。对于棒产品,典型份大小范围为20-100g,优选45g-70g,尤其是50g-65g,例如55g-60g。但是,应理解份大小根据可食用组合物的类型而变化。
可食用组合物优选具有的热量含量范围为每份30-500千卡(kcal),更优选75-450kcal,最优选100kcal-400Kcal,这里组合物计划用于代替整餐。如果可食用组合物为点心产品,并且可食用某些点心产品以代替一餐,或者该产品计划在餐间食用,热量含量可低于每份200kcal。但是,应理解每份的热量含量根据根据可食用组合物的类型而变化。
蛋白质
可食用组合物中优选还包含蛋白质。可用于本发明的优选蛋白质来源包括奶制品蛋白质来源,例如全奶、脱脂奶、浓缩奶、炼乳、脱脂奶粉和它们的混合物,包含乳清蛋白例如乳清蛋白分离物和乳清蛋白浓缩物和酪蛋白;植物蛋白来源,例如大豆、小麦、米或豌豆和它们的混合物;以及动物蛋白来源,包括明胶。尤其优选大豆和奶制品蛋白质。
为使热量的影响最小,尤其优选这样加入的蛋白质胜过作为食物组分(例如全奶)的一种成分。该方面优选蛋白质浓缩物,例如一种或多种乳清蛋白浓缩物、乳蛋白浓缩物、酪蛋白酸盐例如酪蛋白酸钠和/或酪蛋白酸钙,以及大豆蛋白浓缩物。该蛋白可作为分离蛋白质、蛋白浓缩物或蛋白质水解物存在。
可包含任何合适物理形式的该蛋白,这取决于可食用组合物的类型,包括作为粉末或作为小块(nugget)。粉末来源通常最适合饮料和汤等,这种可食用组合物和蛋白块可在基本为固体的产品例如棒和面食制品中发现具体应用。
优选可食用组合物中至少15%的千卡由蛋白提供,更优选20-80%,最优选25-70%,例如30-60%。
根据本发明,优选蛋白质与乳化剂的重量比范围为50∶1至10∶1,更优选30∶1至10∶1,最优选25∶1至15∶1。
糖
可食用组合物优选还包含糖。
可食用组合物中可包含任何合适的糖。合适的实例包括淀粉,例如包含在米粉、面粉、木薯粉、木薯淀粉、全麦粉和它们的混合物中的淀粉。
通常可食用组合物具有天然甜味,这提供了糖的来源。甜味的天然来源包括蔗糖(液体或固体)、葡萄糖、果糖和淀粉糖浆(液体或固体),包括高果糖淀粉糖浆和高麦芽糖淀粉糖浆和它们的混合物。其它甜味剂包括乳糖、麦芽糖、甘油、黄糖、半乳糖和它们的混合物。糖和糖源的水平优选导致糖固体水平最高约40wt%,优选5-20wt%。可使用以下提到的作为任选组分的人工甜味剂。
可食用组合物中的糖也可包括纤维来源。可包含在本发明可食用组合物中的合适纤维来源包括果糖寡糖,例如菊粉、大豆纤维、水果纤维(如苹果、燕麦纤维)、纤维素和它们的混合物。组合物优选每份包含至少2-10g纤维,更优选3-7g,最优选4-6g。
可食用组合物中糖的总量(包括任何作为过渡金属或过渡金属离子的胶囊材料存在的糖)优选在2wt%至60wt%的范围内,尤其是5%wt至40%wt。
任选组分
如果期望在可食用组合物中包含缓冲剂,优选惰性聚糊精。聚糊精可在商标名Litesse下获得。其它可单独使用或与其联合使用的传统缓冲剂包括麦芽糖糊精、糖醇、淀粉糖浆干粉、糖或淀粉,也可使用它们的混合物。可食用组合物中的总缓冲剂水平优选为0%至20wt%,优选1%至15wt%。
优选加入可食用组合物中的调味剂的量可带来温和愉悦的味道。调味剂可为任何通常使用的商品调味剂。掩盖维生素和/或矿物质和其它组分异味的调味剂优选包含在可食用组合物中。
按需要,可食用组合物可包含一种或多种传统量的传统着色剂。本发明的一个优势为包含着色剂的可食用组合物在储存时保持良好的颜色稳定性。
可食用组合物可包含一种或多种传统量的降胆固醇剂。可使用任何合适的已知降胆固醇剂,例如异黄酮、植物甾醇、大豆提取物、鱼油提取物、茶叶提取物。
可食用组合物可任选包含合适量的一种或多种物质,其有益地影响(餐后)能量代谢和底物利用,例如咖啡因、类黄酮(包括茶儿茶素、辣椒素类和肉碱)。
如果期望使用人工甜味剂,可使用本领域已知的任何人工甜味剂,例如天冬甜素、糖精、Alitame(可从Pfizer获得)、双氧噻嗪K(可从Hoechst获得)、环己基氨基磺酸盐、纽甜(neotame)、蔗糖素(sucralose)、它们的混合物等。甜味剂可以以可变量使用,从可食用组合物的0.005%至1wt%,优选0.007%wt至0.73%wt,取决于甜味剂。例如,可使用0.05%wt至0.15%wt水平的天冬甜素,优选0.07%wt至0.11%wt。双氧噻嗪K优选为0.09%wt至0.15%wt的水平。
在一个优选实施方案中,除过渡金属和碱土金属源外,产品用一种或多种维生素和/或矿物质强化。这可包括任何或所有以下:抗坏血酸(维生素C)、乙酸生育酚(维生素E)、生物素(维生素H)、维生素A棕榈酸盐、烟酰胺(维生素B3)、d-泛酸钙(维生素B5)、氰钴胺(维生素B12)、核黄素(维生素B2)、硫胺素一硝酸盐(维生素B1)、钼、硒、碳酸钙、乳酸钙或镁(例如磷酸镁)。
优选每份组合物中一种或多种这些维生素和矿物质存在的量为上述1996年2月26日的European Commission Directive 96/8/EC给出的量的最高100%,通常最高55%,优选30-50%,最优选35-45%。
优选可食用组合物包含维生素C,尤其是其量为每份10-100mg。
具体地说可食用组合物可包含碱金属,例如钠和/或钾。
如果组合物中存在二价金属,优选镁和/或钙。优选可食用组合物中存在的钙的量为每份组合物中上述1996年2月26日的EuropeanCommission Directive 96/8/EC给出的量(700mg)的最高100%,通常最高55%,优选30-50%,最优选35-45%。可使用任何合适的可食用钙源。
优选可食用组合物包含钾,尤其是其量为每份可食用组合物至少300mg钾,更优选400-1000,最优选450-700mg。可使用任何合适的可食用钾源。
可食用组合物的类型当然决定使用的任选组分的类型和量。
可食用组合物的制备
本发明的可食用组合物可通过任何合适的已知方法产生。
如果可食用组合物为棒或其它基本固体产品,其可用例如牛奶巧克力或酸奶味糖衣完全或部分包衣。或者,可使用香薄荷(savoury)糖衣。可使用合适的传统包衣方法。
失重计划
本发明可食用组合物优选为计划用作失重或重量控制计划的部分的组合物。
本文所称的膳食替代产品指该产品计划用于替代每日一次或多次传统进餐;它们具有受控的热量含量,通常作为单一产品食用。膳食替代产品的实例包括:液体产品例如基于乳品或大豆的饮料、用于制备这些饮料的可溶粉末和从其制备的饮料、棒、汤、谷类或面条或基于面食制品的产品,甜点例如米粉布丁、蛋奶冻等。膳食替代产品通常由消费者按照热量控制饮食使用。本发明的可食用组合物可作为膳食替代产品消费。
通过参考以下实施例进一步说明本发明。本发明范围内的其它实例对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。
实施例
如表1中给出的和以下描述的,制备以下基于酸奶的饮料。所有的量为基于组合物重量的重量百分比。
表1
实施例1 | 对照 | |
酸奶 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
果胶*1 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
瓜尔豆胶*2 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
藻酸丙二醇酯*3 | 0.12 | - |
植物甘油单酸酯/甘油二酸酯的双乙酰酒石酸酯*4 | 0.10 | - |
蔗糖 | 4.38 | 2.67 |
玉米油 | 0.57 | 0.57 |
乳清蛋白浓缩粉 | 2.90 | 2.90 |
果糖 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
阿拉伯树胶 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
菊粉纤维 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
食品着色剂/调味剂 | 0.97 | 1.92 |
维生素和矿物质预混合物*5 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
乳酸溶液 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
抗坏血酸钠 | 0.03 | - |
水 | 至100%wt | 至100%wt |
*1AMD782高酯果胶,可从Davisco获得
*2瓜尔豆胶1400/178,可从Danisco获得
*3GP7530,可从FMC获得
*4Datum Admul乳化剂1935,可从Quest获得
*5每300ml份组合物包含最高量4mg的铜、最高量3mg的锌和最高量5mg的铁,也包含钙。
通过约80℃下在部分水中混合果胶、瓜尔豆胶和0.06%wt(基于饮料重量)的蔗糖,直到形成浆,制备对照配方。冷却浆,与酸奶混合。边混合边加入玉米油、乳清蛋白粉、果糖、阿拉伯树胶和菊粉。加入食品着色剂、调味剂、剩余蔗糖和水,所得混合物混合约15分钟。加入维生素和矿物质预混合物,用乳酸溶液将pH调至4.1。再混合饮料15分钟,然后巴氏灭菌。
通过约90℃下在部分水中混合果胶、瓜尔豆胶、藻酸丙二醇酯和1.24%wt的蔗糖(基于饮料的重量)直到形成浆,制备实施例1。冷却浆至约5℃,与酸奶混合。如对照实施例,加入剩余组分,也加入植物甘油单酸酯/甘油二酸酯的双乙酰酒石酸酯。用乳酸溶液将pH调至4.0。
两者配方的样品储存在30℃和20℃下,以评估储存时的稳定性。结果在表2和3中给出,以1-10分级评估(10为最高分),除另有说明外。以储存时的外观、香气、口感、气味稳定性、对沉降的抵抗、粘度稳定性和总体可接受性评估稳定性。也记录储存时pH的变化。
表2;30℃储存结果
周 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
外观P=粉红;B=棕色 | |||||||
对照 | P | 较深 | S1.B | B | V.B | V.B | V.B |
实施例1 | P | P稍较浅 | P | S1.B | S1.B | S1.B | B |
香气;水果/酸奶/异味 | |||||||
对照 | 7/6/0 | 5/4/0 | 4.5/4/0 | 3/3/0.8 | 2/2/1 | 0.5/2/1.5 | 0.5/1.5/1.5 |
实施例1 | 7/6/0 | 7/6/0 | 7/6/0 | 7/6/0 | 7/6/0 | 7/6/0 | 7/6/0 |
口感;乳状/柔滑 | |||||||
对照 | 7/6 | 7/6 | 7/6 | 7/6 | 7/6 | 7/6 | 7/6 |
实施例1 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 |
味道;水果/酸奶 | |||||||
对照 | 8/7 | 6/5 | 6/5 | 4.5/4 | 3/2 | 2.5/2 | 2/2 |
实施例1 | 8/7 | 8/7 | 7.5/7 | 7.5/7 | 7.5/7 | 6.5/6.8 | 6.5/6.8 |
异味;煮熟味/纸板味/氧化味 | |||||||
对照 | 0/0/0 | 0.5/0/0 | 1/0.5/0 | 1/0.8/0 | 1.5/1/0.5 | 1.5/1.5/0 | 1.5/2/0 |
实施例1 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 |
pH; | |||||||
对照 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
实施例1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 |
沉降(g)每约300ml | |||||||
对照 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | - | 1.0 |
实施例1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
粘度(cP); | |||||||
对照 | 45 | 30 | 30 | 35 | 36.5 | 36.5 | 30 |
实施例1 | 73 | 59.5 | 69.5 | 69.5 | - | - | - |
总体可接受性(0-5) | |||||||
对照 | 5 | 4 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 |
实施例1 | 5 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1.5 |
上述结果表明,本发明的饮料在30℃下储存时,在上述性质方面比对照配方表现出更好的稳定性。
表3;20℃储存结果
周 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 12 |
外观;P=粉红 | ||||
对照 | 好 | 好 | 稍变深 | 显著变深 |
实施例1 | 好 | 好 | 粉红稍浅 | 粉红稍浅 |
香气;水果/酸奶/老油味/纸板味 | ||||
对照 | 7/6/0/0 | 7/6/0/0 | 7/6/0/0 | 6/5/1/1 |
实施例1 | 8/7/0/0 | 8/7/0/0 | 8/7/0/0 | 8/7/0/0 |
口感;乳状/柔滑 | ||||
对照 | 7/6 | 7/6 | 7/6 | 7/6 |
实施例1 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 | 7/7 |
味道;水果/酸奶 | ||||
对照 | 8/7 | 8/7 | 7.8/6.8 | 5.8/6 |
实施例1 | 8/7 | 8/7 | 7.5/6.8 | 7.5/6.8 |
异味;煮熟味/纸板味/氧化味 | ||||
对照 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0.5/0/0 |
实施例1 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 |
pH; | ||||
对照 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.1 |
实施例1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
沉降(g);每约300ml | ||||
对照 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
实施例1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
粘度(cP); | ||||
对照 | 45 | 45 | 43.5 | 45 |
实施例1 | 80 | 80 | 66.5 | 60.1 |
总体可接受性(0-5) | ||||
对照 | 5 | 5 | 4.8 | 4 |
实施例1 | 5 | 5 | 4.6 | 4.6 |
上述结果表明,本发明的饮料在20℃下储存时,在上述性质方面比对照配方表现出更好的稳定性。
Claims (15)
1.一种可食用组合物,所述组合物包含脂肪和:1)至少一种过渡金属、二价金属、过渡金属化合物或二价金属化合物,和2)以脂肪重量为基础的0.01-50%wt乳化剂,所述乳化剂包含与具有3-6个碳原子和一个或多个游离羟基的碳链连接的羧酸酯基团,其中所述乳化剂包含酯化甘油乳化剂和酯化藻酸的混合物,并且可食用组合物中30%或更少的千卡热量由脂肪提供。
2.权利要求1的可食用组合物,其中可食用组合物包含以脂肪重量为基础的5-45%wt的乳化剂。
3.权利要求1或2的可食用组合物,其中酯化甘油乳化剂包括用甘油单酸酯或甘油二酸酯酯化的双乙酰酒石酸。
4.权利要求1或2的可食用组合物,其中酯化藻酸包括藻酸丙二醇酯。
5.前述权利要求任一项的可食用组合物,其中可食用组合物还包含至少一种稳定剂和/或增稠剂。
6.权利要求5的可食用组合物,其中基于可食用组合物的重量,稳定剂的存在量为0.1-5%wt,和/或增稠剂的存在量为0.01-3%wt。
7.权利要求5或6的可食用组合物,其中稳定剂为果胶和/或增稠剂选自胶和淀粉。
8.前述权利要求任一项的可食用组合物,其中至少一种过渡金属或过渡金属化合物选自铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜或锌和其混合物。
9.权利要求8的可食用组合物,其中可食用组合物包含每份可食用组合物最多0.5mg的锰、最多0.4mg的铜、最多3mg的锌或最多5mg的铁中的一种或多种和它们的混合物。
10.前述权利要求任一项的的可食用组合物,其中可食用组合物还包含蛋白质。
11.权利要求10的可食用组合物,其中蛋白质与乳化剂的重量比在约50∶1至约10∶1的范围内。
12.前述权利要求任一项的可食用组合物,其中可食用组合物在环境温度下稳定。
13.前述权利要求任一项的可食用组合物,其中可食用组合物在20℃具有3-7的pH。
14.权利要求13的可食用组合物,其中可食用组合物为基于乳品或大豆的饮料。
15.权利要求1-12任一项的可食用组合物,其中可食用组合物为饮料、营养棒、甜点、汤、可溶粉状产品或基于谷类或米的产品。
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CN105911001A (zh) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-31 | 上海必诺检测技术服务有限公司 | 一种原子吸收间接测定啤酒中双乙酰含量的方法 |
CN105911001B (zh) * | 2016-04-12 | 2018-08-21 | 上海必诺检测技术服务有限公司 | 一种原子吸收间接测定啤酒中双乙酰含量的方法 |
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BRPI0412634A (pt) | 2006-09-26 |
DE602004005348D1 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
CA2534822C (en) | 2012-02-21 |
EP1662902A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
RU2006111443A (ru) | 2006-09-10 |
ATE356555T1 (de) | 2007-04-15 |
AU2004269874A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
ZA200600762B (en) | 2007-05-30 |
US20050175761A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
MXPA06002303A (es) | 2006-05-17 |
CN100475058C (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
ES2281823T3 (es) | 2007-10-01 |
CA2534822A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
WO2005023018A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
DE602004005348T2 (de) | 2007-07-12 |
EP1662902B1 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
AU2004269874B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
AR045742A1 (es) | 2005-11-09 |
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