CN1847246A - 加兰他敏衍生物及制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
加兰他敏衍生物及制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1847246A CN1847246A CN 200610050351 CN200610050351A CN1847246A CN 1847246 A CN1847246 A CN 1847246A CN 200610050351 CN200610050351 CN 200610050351 CN 200610050351 A CN200610050351 A CN 200610050351A CN 1847246 A CN1847246 A CN 1847246A
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- Prior art keywords
- benzyl
- piperidines
- compound
- galantamine
- bromo
- Prior art date
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- ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N galanthamine Chemical class O1C(=C23)C(OC)=CC=C2CN(C)CC[C@]23[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)C=C2 ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000017858 demethylation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010520 demethylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 229960003980 galantamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical group C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N ethyl (e)-3-[3-amino-2-cyano-1-[(e)-3-ethoxy-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]sulfanylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\SC(=C(C#N)C(N)=O)S\C=C\C(=O)OCC NLFBCYMMUAKCPC-KQQUZDAGSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 benzyl carbon Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010036631 Presenile dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940125890 compound Ia Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- PVFOHMXILQEIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[(6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)sulfanyl]-9-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]purin-6-amine Chemical compound C=1C=2OCOC=2C=C(Br)C=1SC1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1CCC1=CC=CC=C1Br PVFOHMXILQEIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002112 pyrrolidino group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 108010022752 Acetylcholinesterase Proteins 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229940022698 acetylcholinesterase Drugs 0.000 abstract description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000544 cholinesterase inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- 102000012440 Acetylcholinesterase Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940100578 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960002024 galantamine hydrobromide Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- QORVDGQLPPAFRS-XPSHAMGMSA-N galantamine hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.O1C(=C23)C(OC)=CC=C2CN(C)CC[C@]23[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)C=C2 QORVDGQLPPAFRS-XPSHAMGMSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 31
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 102100033639 Acetylcholinesterase Human genes 0.000 description 23
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 19
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 7
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compound IV Chemical compound O1N=C(C)C=C1CCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 FKLJPTJMIBLJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003408 phase transfer catalysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGRLKHMFMUXIOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-acetyloxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C GGRLKHMFMUXIOG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical group OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAVREABSGIHHMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 IAVREABSGIHHMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGIZCAMAXRSPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(4-bromobutoxy)phenyl]methyl]morpholine Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCCCBr)=CC=C1CN1CCOCC1 OGIZCAMAXRSPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGKPOQROEZQQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[[4-(4-bromobutoxy)phenyl]methyl]-N-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C(OCCCCBr)C=C1 MGKPOQROEZQQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FIMJSWFMQJGVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform;hydrate Chemical compound O.ClC(Cl)Cl FIMJSWFMQJGVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YDVNLQGCLLPHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.ClCCl YDVNLQGCLLPHAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N metachloroperbenzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- IBODDUNKEPPBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dibromopentane Chemical compound BrCCCCCBr IBODDUNKEPPBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWKULQJXVWPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[[4-(12-bromododecoxy)phenyl]methyl]piperidine Chemical class C1=CC(OCCCCCCCCCCCCBr)=CC=C1CN1CCCCC1 YIWKULQJXVWPII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYWMACAMJZAMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[[4-(4-bromobutoxy)phenyl]methyl]piperidine Chemical class C1=CC(OCCCCBr)=CC=C1CN1CCCCC1 XYWMACAMJZAMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJAKXXVQAKPNDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[[4-(5-bromopentoxy)phenyl]methyl]piperidine Chemical class C1=CC(OCCCCCBr)=CC=C1CN1CCCCC1 RJAKXXVQAKPNDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFLLOSFEGJBGPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[[4-(6-bromohexoxy)phenyl]methyl]piperidine Chemical class C1=CC(OCCCCCCBr)=CC=C1CN1CCCCC1 BFLLOSFEGJBGPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDXPQLTYKCZKQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[[4-(8-bromooctoxy)phenyl]methyl]piperidine Chemical class C1=CC(OCCCCCCCCBr)=CC=C1CN1CCCCC1 CDXPQLTYKCZKQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OSNAKSBTEXTNED-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[[4-(6-bromohexoxy)phenyl]methyl]-N-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1=CC=C(OCCCCCCBr)C=C1 OSNAKSBTEXTNED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供加兰他敏衍生物,结构通式为:X=(CH2) n,n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12Y=p or m-CH2,CHCH3,C=O是将氢溴酸加兰他敏经过一锅法脱甲基制得N-去甲基加兰他敏,然后和不同的溴代物连接链,在温和条件下缩合制得目标产物。相应的溴代物连接链可以由对应的含氮取代苯酚在碱性条件下经相转移催化或在无水非质子溶剂中反应得到。体外乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制实验表明:本发明所合成的目标化合物均有较强的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,可用于制备治疗早老性痴呆疾病的药物。本发明方法设计合理,操作步骤简单,原料来源充足,有良好的收率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属化合物合成,主要涉及加兰他敏衍生物的合成及用途。
背景技术
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,目前研究显示大脑中β淀粉样多肽(Aβ)的聚集和沉降可能是AD发病的主要原因,但由于AD的确切病因和发病机制至今仍不十分清楚,到目前为止,主要应用胆碱酯酶抑制剂减少乙酰胆碱的分解,提高脑内乙酰胆碱的浓度来治疗AD。近来越来越多的证据表明乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)在AD的发生进程中可能起了一个非胆碱能的作用。这种作用与经典的酶催化作用无关。乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)能加速β淀粉样多肽(Aβ)的沉淀,并且能与β淀粉样多肽(Aβ)形成复合物,而复合物的毒性比单一β淀粉样多肽(Aβ)的毒性更大,它可引起细胞的凋亡。乙酰胆碱酯酶的晶体结构数据也表明乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和β淀粉样多肽(Aβ)作用的可能部位是乙酰胆碱酯酶催化口袋的外周负离子位点(PAS),那些能够同时和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)催化位点和外周位点结合的化合物可能比单一能和催化位点结合的化合物更具优势,因为抑制外周负离子位点或许会阻止乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)诱导的β淀粉样多肽(Aβ)的聚集和沉降,从而起到治疗AD的作用。
加兰他敏是一种中枢作用的可逆性胆碱酯酶竞争性抑制剂,研究显示加兰他敏治疗轻、中度AD临床有效率为50%~60%,疗效与他克林相似,但耐受性良好,无肝毒性。基于对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的研究,对加兰他敏进行结构改造,合成能同时结合乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)中心位点和外周位点的双价配体已经成为当前研究的热点。Guillou(Aude Mary,Bioorg.Med.Chem.,1998,6,1835-1850;Denyse Herlem,Bioorg.Med.Chem.,2003,13,2389-2391)和其他的研究者在这方面已经做了大量的相关工作。
这种双价配体的制备一般都需要以N-去甲基加兰他敏为原料。而传统的N-去甲基加兰他敏的制备都需要先从商业上可利用的氢溴酸加兰他敏开始制备加兰他敏游离碱,然后经过氧化和选择性的脱甲基两步取得。操作步骤繁琐,降低了收率,需要加以改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是运用双中心理论对加兰他敏的D环进行结构改造,用一个烷烃链(含2~12个碳原子)连接N-去甲基加兰他敏和含氮药效团,使这两个部分能够分别结合乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的中心位点和外周位点,从而得到一个双价配体。于是,在我们组以前研究的基础上(Rong Sheng et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2005,15,3834-3837),选取N-去甲基加兰他敏作为结合外周位点的部分,选取苄基哌啶等胺类基团作为结合中心位点的部分,同时用一条烷烃链将二者偶联起来,然后经过实验探索出这种双价配体的最佳碳链长度,以期能够找到一类对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)有双重作用的高选择性的抑制剂,并将它用于制备治疗早老性痴呆病症的药物。
本发明提供的一类加兰他敏衍生物具有如下结构通式:
X=(CH2)n,n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12
Y=p or m-CH2,CHCH3,C=O
上述结构通式可通过以下步骤制得:
上述反应式是制备化合物Ia的反应式,其中化合物II(氢溴酸加兰他敏)及化合物IVa(间羟基苯甲醛或对羟基苯甲醛)均可直接购买得到。
根据上述反应式,化合物II(氢溴酸加兰他敏)可以通过一锅法选择性的脱甲基得到化合物III(N-去甲基加兰他敏),而不需事先萃取制得加兰他敏游离碱,干燥后再转移到其他反应器中进行。在同一反应器中,氢溴酸加兰他敏在氨水和氯仿或二氯甲烷存在下释放出加兰他敏游离碱,进而氧化为它的氮氧化物,氧化剂为间氯过氧苯甲酸,反应在0℃进行,反应时间30分钟。然后不需分离仍在同一反应器中直接加入甲醇和水合硫酸业铁,-10℃反应2小时,然后缓慢升至室温再反应1小时,可选择性的脱掉氮上的甲基,所得粗品经柱层析可得纯产物III。化合物IVa与环状或开链脂肪胺在极性质子性溶剂中通过还原胺化反应可得到化合物Va。化合物Va与二溴代物可在相转移催化条件下合成化合物VIa,也可在无水非质子溶剂中加入碱的条件下合成化合物VIa。相转移催化体系溶剂和碱一般选用二氯甲烷-水、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,三氯甲烷-水、碳酸钠或碳酸钾等,相转移催化剂可选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵和四丁基碘化铵等。使用无水非质子溶剂和碱时,溶剂可选用乙腈、N、N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等;碱可选用有机碱或无机碱,有机碱可用二乙胺、三乙胺、DBU等,无机碱可用碳酸钾、氢化钠等。反应温度一般为30℃-60℃,反应时间4-6小时,经柱层析纯化可得纯品VIa。
最后,在惰性溶剂中,碱的存在下,中间体VIa与化合物III经过缩合反应生成目标化合物Ia,所用的惰性溶剂主要选用THF、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环、二甲亚砜等,所用的碱包括有机碱和无机碱,有机碱主要选用二乙胺、吡啶、三乙胺、4-二甲胺基吡啶,无机碱主要选用碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢化钠等。反应通常在60℃-100℃之间进行。所得粗品经过柱层析可得纯产物Ia。
上面反应式为制备目标化合物Ib的反应式,化合物III的合成方法同上,化合物IVb[3-(1-氯乙基)苯甲醚]可根据文献方法(Hartmann,Rolf W.,J.Med.Chem.,1981,24,1192-1197)制得。根据反应式所示,在惰性溶剂和碱的存在下,化合物IVb与吗啉经过取代反应生成相应的中间体Vb,然后Vb用40%的氢溴酸脱甲基得到化合物VIb。化合物VIb与二溴代物可在相转移催化条件下合成化合物VIIb,也可在无水非质子溶剂中加入碱的条件下合成化合物VIIb。相转移催化体系溶剂和碱一般选用二氯甲烷-水、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾,三氯甲烷-水、碳酸钠、碳酸钾等,相转移催化剂可选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵和四丁基碘化铵等。使用无水质子溶剂和碱时,溶剂可选用乙腈、N、N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等;碱可选用有机碱也可选用无机碱,有机碱可用吡啶、4-二甲胺基吡啶、二乙胺、三乙胺、DBU等,无机碱可用碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢化钠等。反应温度一般为30℃-60℃,反应时间4-6小时,所得粗品经柱层析可得纯产物VIIb。最后,中间体VIIb在惰性溶剂中,碱的存在下与化合物III缩合生成目标化合物Ib,所用的惰性溶剂为THF、乙腈、N、N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等,所用的碱可以是有机碱如:三乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)等,无机碱如:碳酸钾、氢化钠等。反应温度可以在60℃-100℃之间,通常在65℃进行。所得粗品经过柱层析可得纯产物Ib。
上面反应式为制备目标化合物Ic的反应式,化合物III的合成方法同上,化合物IVc可按文献方法(C.Robin Ganellin,J.Med.Chem.,1996,39,3806-3813)制取。
根据反应式所示,化合物IVc与二溴代物可在无水非质子溶剂中存在碱的条件下合成化合物Vc。溶剂可选用乙腈、N、N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等;碱可选用有机碱或无机碱,有机碱可用吡啶、4-二甲胺基吡啶、二乙胺、三乙胺、DBU等,无机碱可用碳酸钾、氢化钠等。反应温度一般为30℃-60℃,反应时间4-6小时,所得粗品经柱层析纯化可得纯产物Vc。然后,Vc在惰性溶剂中,碱存在下与中间体III经缩合反应生成目标化合物Ic,所用溶剂为THF、乙腈、N、N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜等,所需碱可以是有机碱如:三乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)等,无机碱如:碳酸钾、氢化钠等。反应温度可以在60℃-100℃之间,通常在65℃进行。所得粗品经柱层析纯化可得纯产物Ic。
本发明提供的加兰他敏衍生物制备方法设计合理,操作步骤简单,省略了从商业上可利用的氢溴酸加兰他敏制备加兰他敏游离碱的步骤,原料来源非常充足,有良好的收率。经药理实验证实它们均为可逆性的乙酰胆碱酯酶竞争性抑制剂。它们在制备治疗早老性痴呆症的药物中将会发挥巨大作用。
具体实施方式
下面将通过实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1:N-去甲基加兰他敏(III)的制备
176.64mg(0.48mmol)氢溴酸加兰他敏投入5mL二氯甲烷中,室温下加入氢氧化钠水溶液(1mol/L)0.48mL,持续搅拌15分钟,直至固体消失。反应在冰浴上冷却至0℃,然后,将207mg(50%,0.48mmol)间氯过氧苯甲酸溶于10mL二氯甲烷中,在20分钟之内慢慢滴入反应液内,继续反应10分钟。将20mL甲醇加入瓶内,反应在冰盐浴上冷却,然后,将266.88mg(0.96mmol).FeSO4.7H2O一次投入反应瓶中,-10℃反应2小时,之后,缓慢升至室温,继续搅拌1小时后,加入10mL(5mol/L)盐酸,减压除去溶剂,然后用乙醚10mL×2洗涤,水层用氨水碱化,并用二氯甲烷10mL×3萃取,合并萃取液,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,减压回收溶剂,得到粗品,硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为氯仿:甲醇(4∶1),得白色固体95mg,收率72.60%。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):6.65(1H,d,J=8.2Hz),6.60(1H,d,J=8.2Hz),6.05(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),5.99(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.4Hz),4.63(1H,brs),4.16(1H,t,J=4.0Hz),4.04(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),4.03(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.85(3H,s,OCH3),3.41(1H,d,J=14.4Hz),3.28(1H,t,J=14.4Hz),2.71(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),2.17(1H,brs),2.04(1H,dd,J=13.4,3.2Hz),1.93(1H,m),1.91(1H,d,J=11.2Hz)
实施例2:4-(哌啶-1-基甲基)苯酚(Va)的制备
2.44g(0.02mol)4-羟基苯甲醛溶于20mL甲醇中,在室温下滴加4.4mL哌啶和5mL甲醇的混合溶液,滴加毕后,继续反应30min;然后在90分钟内分5次加入0.53g KBH4,加完后继续反应1.5小时。冰浴冷却,用2mol/L的盐酸调节pH至2,回收溶剂,残留物中加入30mL 2mol/L的盐酸和15mL乙酸乙酯萃取,分去有机层,水层用浓氨水调节pH到10,乙酸乙酯20mL×3提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,回收溶剂得到粗品,用乙醇-水重结晶,得到白色颗粒状结晶3.42g,收率89.50%,m.p.133-135℃。
实施例3:1-[4-(2-溴-乙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶的制备
将189.27mg(1mmol)4-(哌啶-1-基甲基)苯酚、5mL二氯甲烷、2mL(1mol/L)氢氧化钠水溶液、36.46mg(0.10mmol)十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、2.59mL(30mol)1,2-二溴乙烷投入反应瓶中,回流下搅拌5h,加水10mL,二氯甲烷(10mL×3)提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,回收溶剂得到无色液体,硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(10∶1),得无色油状物271mg,收率90.91%。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.24(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.85(2H,d,J=9.2Hz),4.28(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.63(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.41(2H,s),2.35(4H,brs),1.56(4H,m),1.42(2H,m)
实施例4:1-[4-(3-溴-丙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶的制备
将189.27mg(1mmol)4-(哌啶-1-基甲基)苯酚、207.32mg(1.50mmol)碳酸钾、0.51mL(5.00mmol)1,3-二溴丙烷,6mL乙腈投入干燥得反应瓶中,氮气保护,65℃下搅拌4小时,减压回收溶剂,残余物中加入10mL水,二氯甲烷(10mL×3)提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,回收溶剂得到无色液体,硅胶柱层析纯化,洗脱剂为石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(10∶1),得无色油状物274.11mg,收率87.8%。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.21(2H,d,J=9.2Hz),6.84(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),4.07(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.59(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),3.46(2H,s),2.35(4H,brs),2.30(2H,m),1.56(4H,m),1.41(2H,m)
实施例5:1-[4-(5-溴-戊氧基)-苄基]-哌啶的制备
操作过程同实施例3,只是用1,5-二溴戊烷代替1,2-二溴乙烷。得到无色油状物。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.24(2H,d,J=9.2Hz),6.83(2H,d,J=9.0Hz),3.94(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.47(2H,s),3.41(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),2.40(4H,brs),1.91(2H,m),1.78(2H,m),1.61(6H,m),1.43(2H,m)
实施例6:1-[4-(6-溴-己氧基)-苄基]-哌啶的制备
操作过程同实施例4,只是用1,6-二溴己烷代替1,3-二溴丙烷。得到无色油状物。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.23(2H,d,J=9.2Hz),6.86(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.97(2H,d,J=6.0Hz),3.44(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),3.43(2H,s),2.38(4H,brs),1.91(2H,m),1.81(2H,m),1.58(4H,m),1.52(4H,m),1.43(2H,m)
实施例7:1-[4-(10-溴-癸氧基)-苄基]-哌啶的制备
操作过程同实施例4,只是用1,10-二溴癸烷代替1,3-二溴丙烷。得到无色油状物。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.21(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.83(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.93(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.40(2H,s),3.39(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),2.35(4H,brs),1.85(2H,m),1.77(2H,m),1.56(4H,m),1.42(6H,m),1.32(8H,m)
实施例8:1-[4-(12-溴-十二烷氧基)-苄基]-哌啶的制备
操作过程同实施例3,只是用1,12-二溴十二烷代替1,2-二溴乙烷。得到无色油状物。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.19(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.82(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),3.91(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),3.39(2H,s),3.38(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),2.34(4H,brs),1.83(2H,m),1.75(2H,m),1.55(4H,m),1.42(6H,m),1.28(12H,m)
实施例9:1-[4-[2-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]乙氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a1)
将55.00mg(0.20mmol)N-去甲基加兰他敏、59.64mg(0.20mmol)1-[4-(2-溴-乙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶、97.47mg(0.71mmol)无水碳酸钾、4ml无水乙腈投入干燥的反应瓶中,氮气保护,在60℃搅拌24小时,减压回收溶剂,残留物中加水10mL,氯仿15mL×3提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,回收溶剂得到的剩余物用硅胶柱提纯,洗脱剂为氯仿∶甲醇(4∶1),得粘稠状物质54.36mg,收率55.02%。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.24(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.86(2H,d,J=6.8Hz),6.68(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.65(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.11(1H,d,J=9.6,4.8Hz),6.03(1H,dd,J=9.6,5.6Hz),4.64(1H,brs),4.26(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),4.58(1H,t,J=4.8Hz),4.08(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.93(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),3.85(3H,s),3.49(1H,t,J=13.6Hz),3.47(2H,s),3.28(1H,d,J=14.8Hz),2.96(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),2.71(1H,dt,J=15.6,1.6Hz),2.41(4H,brs),2.12(1H,td,J=13.2,3.2Hz),2.03(1H,m),1.61(4H,m),1.56(1H,d,J=13.4Hz),1.45(2H,m)
实施例10:1-[4-[3-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]丙氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a2)
将68.30g(0.25mmol)N-去甲基加兰他敏、77.56mg(0.25mmol)1-[4-(3-溴-丙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶、75.91mg(0.75mmol)三乙胺、4mL无水DMF投入干燥得反应瓶中,在65℃搅拌24小时,反应物中加水50mL,氯仿15mL×3提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,回收溶剂得到的残留物用硅胶柱提纯,洗脱剂为氯仿∶甲醇(4∶1),得粘稠状物质82.04mg,收率65.02%。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.22(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.83(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.67(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.62(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.11(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.01(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.8Hz),4.62(1H,brs),4.17(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),4.14(1H,t,J=4.8Hz),3.97(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.84(3H,s),3.83(1H,d,J=15.1Hz),3.44(2H,s),3.38(1H,t,J=13.6Hz),3.19(1H,d,J=14.8Hz),2.68(3H,m),2.39(4H,brs),2.05(1H,td,J=13.2,3.2Hz),1.98(1H,m),1.95(2H,m),1.58(4H,m),1.53(1H,d,J=15.0Hz),1.43(2H,m)
实施例11:1-[4-[4-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]丁氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a3)
操作过程同实施例9,只是用1-[4-(4-溴-丁氧基)-苄基]-哌啶代替1-[4-(2-溴-乙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.25(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.84(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.67(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.63(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.11(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.02(1H,dd,J=10.4Hz),4.62(1H,brs),4.16(1H,t,J=4.5Hz),4.14(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.96(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.85(3H,s),3.83(1H,d,J=15.4Hz),3.48(2H,s),3.38(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.19(1H,d,J=14.0Hz),2.71(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),2.59(2H,m),2.43(4H,brs),2.08(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.02(1H,m),1.79(2H,m),1.67(2H,m),1.63(4H,m),1.53(1H,d,J=13.6Hz),1.46(2H,m)
实施例12:1-[4-[5-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]戊氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a4)
操作过程同实施例10,只是用1-[4-(5-溴-戊氧基)-苄基]-哌啶代替1-[4-(3-溴-丙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.23(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.82(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.66(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.61(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),6.10(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.01(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.8Hz),4.61(1H,brs),4.14(1H,t,J=3.2Hz),4.13(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.93(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),3.84(3H,s),3.81(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.48(2H,s),3.36(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.18(1H,d,J=14.8Hz),2.69(1H,dt,J=15.6,2.1Hz),2.51(2H,m),2.43(4H,brs),2.07(1H,d,J=16.4Hz),2.01(1H,m),1.78(2H,m),1.60(4H,m),1.56(1H,d,J=13.6Hz),1.53(2H,m),1.44(4H,m)
实施例13:1-[4-[6-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]己氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a5)
操作过程同实施例9,只是用1-[4-(6-溴-己氧基)-苄基]-哌啶代替1-[4-(2-溴-乙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.23(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.82(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.67(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.63(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.09(1H,d,J=10.0Hz),5.98(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.8Hz),4.56(1H,brs),4.16(1H,t,J=4.5Hz),4.14(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.96(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.86(3H,s),3.83(1H,d,J=15.4Hz),3.48(2H,s),3.38(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.19(1H,d,J=14.0Hz),2.71(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),2.59(2H,m),2.43(4H,brs),2.08(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.02(1H,m),1.78(2H,m),1.58(4H,m),1.56(1H,d,J=13.6Hz),1.51(2H,m),1.44(6H,m)
实施例14:1-[4-[8-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]辛氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a6)
操作过程同实施例9,只是用1-[4-(8-溴-辛氧基)-苄基]-哌啶代替1-[4-(2-溴-乙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.22(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.83(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.66(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.60(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.08(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),5.98(1H,dt,J=10.4,4.4Hz),4.60(1H,brs),4.14(1H,t,J=4.5Hz),4.11(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.92(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),3.83(3H,s),3.80(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.44(2H,s),3.34(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.17(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.68(1H,d,J=15.5Hz),2.47(2H,m),2.39(4H,brs),2.07(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.01(1H,m),1.75(2H,m),1.58(4H,m),1.45(7H,m),1.31(6H,m)
实施例15:1-[4-[9-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]壬氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a7)
操作过程同实施例10,只是用1-[4-(9-溴-壬氧基)-苄基]-哌啶代替1-[4-(3-溴-丙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.22(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.83(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.66(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.61(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.09(1H,d,J=10.0Hz),6.00(1H,dd,J=10.0,5.2Hz),4.65(1H,brs),4.14(1H,t,J=4.5Hz),4.12(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.93(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),3.83(3H,s),3.81(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.44(2H,s),3.35(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.17(1H,d,J=14.8Hz),2.69(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),2.47(2H,m),2.38(4H,brs),2.07(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.00(1H,m),1.76(2H,m),1.57(4H,m),1.50(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),1.44(6H,m),1.28(8H,m)
实施例16:1-[4-[10-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]癸氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a8)
操作过程同实施例10,只是用1-[4-(10-溴-癸氧基)-苄基]-哌啶代替1-[4-(3-溴-丙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.29(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.85(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.66(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.61(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.08(1H,d,J=10.0Hz),6.00(1H,dd,J=10.0,5.2Hz),4.61(1H,brs),4.14(1H,t,J=5.2Hz),4.13(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),3.94(2H,d,J=6.8Hz),3.83(3H,s),3.81(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),3.61(2H,s),3.35(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.17(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.67(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),2.55(4H,brs),2.48(2H,m),2.07(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.00(1H,m),1.77(2H,m),1.71(4H,s),1.52(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),1.47(6H,m),1.28(10H,m)
实施例17:1-[4-[12-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]十二烷氧基苄基]]哌啶的制备(I a9)
操作过程同实施例10,只是用1-[4-(12-溴-十二烷氧基)-苄基]-哌啶代替1-[4-(3-溴-丙氧基)-苄基]-哌啶,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.28(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.82(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.62(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.58(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.05(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),5.96(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.8Hz),4.57(1H,brs),4.12(1H,t,J=5.2Hz),4.10(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),3.89(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.81(3H,s),3.80(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.63(2H,s),3.29(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.14(1H,d,J=14.1Hz),2.63(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),2.57(4H,brs),2.44(2H,m),2.03(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),1.97(1H,m),1.72(6H,m),1.43(7H,m),1.23(14H,m)
实施例18N-[4-[4-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]丁氧基]苄基]-N-乙基乙胺的制备(I a10)
将60mg(0.22mmol)N-去甲基加兰他敏、61.75mg(0.22mmol)[4-(4-溴-丁氧基)-苄基]-二乙胺、91.13mg(0.66mmol)无水碳酸钾、4mL无水乙腈投入干燥得反应瓶中,氮气保护,在60℃搅拌24小时,减压回收溶剂,残留物中加水10mL,氯仿15mL×3提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,回收溶剂得到的剩余物用硅胶柱提纯,洗脱剂为氯仿∶甲醇(4∶1),得粘稠状物质62.35mg,收率56.02%。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.32(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.85(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.65(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.61(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.09(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),5.99(1H,dd,J=10.4,5.1Hz),4.60(1H,brs),4.14(1H,s),4.12(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.95(2H,t,J=6.2Hz),3.84(3H,s),3.82(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.69(2H,s),3.38(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.19(1H,d,J=14.0Hz),2.71(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),2.59(2H,m),2.43(4H,brs),2.08(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.02(1H,m),1.79(2H,m),1.67(2H,m),1.63(4H,m),1.53(1H,d,J=13.6Hz)
实施例19:N-[4-[6-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]己氧基]苄基]-N-乙基乙胺的制备(I a11)
操作过程同实施例18,仅是用[4-(6-溴-己氧基)-苄基]-二乙胺代替[4-(4-溴-丁氧基)-苄基]-二乙胺,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.30(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.85(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.67(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.63(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.10(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.02(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),4.61(1H,brs),3.97(2H,m),3.89(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.79(3H,s),3.77(1H,d,J=15.1Hz),3.58(2H,s),3.38(1H,t,J=13.6Hz),3.19(1H,d,J=15.1Hz),2.70(3H,m),2.41(4H,brs),2.06(1H,td,J=13.2,3.2Hz),1.97(1H,m),1.78(2H,m),1.62(2H,m),1.58(4H,m),1.54(5H,m)
实施例20:4-[4-[4-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]丁氧基苄基]]吗啉(I a12)的制备
将45.20mg(0.1656mmol)N-去甲基加兰他敏、48.60mg(0.1656mmol)4-[4-(4-溴-丁氧基)-苄基]-吗啉、68.66mg(0.4968mmol)无水碳酸钾、5mL无水乙腈投入干燥的反应瓶中,氮气保护下在60℃搅拌24小时,减压回收溶剂,残留物中加水10mL,氯仿15mL×3提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,回收溶剂得到的残余物用硅胶柱提纯,洗脱剂为氯仿∶乙醇(4∶1),得粘稠状物质53.84mg,收率62.5%。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.22(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.81(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.65(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.62(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.07(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.01(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.8Hz),4.60(1H,brs),4.18(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),4.14(1H,t,J=4.8Hz),3.94(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.86(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),3.82(3H,s),3.71(4H,t,J=4.8Hz),3.45(2H,s),3.40(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.21(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),2.68(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),2.60(2H,m),2.44(4H,brs),2.07(1H,d,J=13.6Hz),2.01(1H,m),1.76(2H,m),1.69(2H,m),1.56(1H,d,J=13.2Hz)
实施例21:4-[4-[6-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]己氧基苄基]]吗啉的制备(I a13)
操作过程同实施例20,仅是用[4-(6-溴-己氧基)-苄基]-吗啉代替[4-(4-溴-丁氧基)-苄基]-吗啉,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.22(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.83(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.68(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.65(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.06(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.01(1H,dd,J=10.4,4Hz),4.62(1H,brs),4.26(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),4.15(1H,t,J=4.4Hz),3.94(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),3.91(2H,t,J=6.8Hz),3.83(3H,s),3.71(4H,t,J=4.4Hz),3.48(2H,s),3.46(1H,t,J=13.8Hz),3.26(1H,d,J=13.8Hz),2.67(1H,d,J=15.2,4.4Hz),2.57(2H,m),2.47(4H,brs),2.08(1H,d,J=13.2Hz),2.00(1H,m),1.75(2H,m),1.62(1H,d,J=13.1Hz),1.59(2H,m),1.45(2H,m),1.34(2H,m)
实施例22:3-(1-吗啉-4-基-乙基)-苯酚的制备
将1.71g(0.01mol)3-(1-氯乙基)苯甲醚、1.31g(0.015mol)吗啉、10mL THF、1.8mL吡啶加入干燥反应瓶中,升温至回流,反应4小时。减压回收溶剂,残留物中加入30mL 2mol/L盐酸和15mL乙酸乙酯萃取;弃去有机层,水层用浓氨水调节pH至10,然后用乙酸乙酯20mL×3提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,回收溶剂得到1.42g油状物;然后将此产物与15mL 45%HBr水溶液混合,升温至回流,反应5h,冷却后加入乙酸乙酯10mL×3,分去有机层,水层用浓氨水调节pH至10后,乙酸乙酯15mL×3提取,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,旋蒸溶剂得到粗品,用乙醇-水重结晶得到白色结晶,m.p:119-121℃。
实施例23:4-[1-[3-[4-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]丁氧基]苯基]乙基]吗啉的制备(I b1)
将50.00mg(0.1830mmol)N-去甲基加兰他敏、59.66mg(0.1830mmol)4-{1-[3-(4-溴丁氧基)-苯基]-乙基)-吗啉、75.88mg(0.5490mmol)无水碳酸钾、5mL无水乙腈投入干燥得反应瓶中,氮气保护,在70℃搅拌24小时,回收溶剂,残留物中加水10mL,氯仿15mL×3提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,回收溶剂得到的剩余物用硅胶柱提纯,洗脱剂为氯仿∶乙醇(4∶1),得粘稠状物质46.84mg,收率47.86%
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.19(1H,t,J=7.6Hz),6.88(2H,d,J=6.8Hz),6.74(1H,d,J=7.2Hz),6.65(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.61(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.09(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.00(1H,dd,J=10.4Hz),4.61(1H,brs),4.16(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),4.13(1H,s),3.95(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.85(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.83(3H,s),3.68(4H,t,J=4.4Hz),3.38(1H,t,J=13.6Hz),3.26(1H,q,J=6.6Hz),3.19(1H,d,J=14.8Hz),2.68(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),2.57(2H,m),2.48(2H,m),2.37(2H,m),2.06(1H,d,J=13.6Hz),2.01(1H,m),1.77(2H,m),1.68(2H,m),1.53(1H,d,J=13.8Hz),1.34(3H,d,J=6.8Hz)
实施例24:4-[1-[3-[6-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]己氧基]苯基]乙基]吗啉的制备(I b2)
操作过程同实施例23,仅是用4-{1-[3-(6-溴-己氧基)-苯基]-乙基}-吗啉代替4-{1-[3-(4-溴丁氧基)-苯基]-乙基}-吗啉,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.21(1H,t,J=8.0Hz),6.87(2H,m),6.76(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.66(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.62(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.09(1H,d,J=10.0Hz),5.99(1H,dd,J=10.0,4.8Hz),4.60(1H,brs),4.14(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),4.13(1H,t,J=4.4Hz),3.93(2H,t,J=6.0Hz),3.83(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),3.81(3H,s),3.68(4H,t,J=4.8Hz),3.36(1H,t,J=13.6Hz),3.25(1H,q,J=6.8Hz),3.18(1H,d,J=14.4Hz),2.68(2H,d,J=16.0Hz),2.51(2H,m),2.48(2H,m),2.37(2H,m),2.07(1H,d,J=14.4Hz),2.01(1H,m),1.77(2H,m),1.52(3H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.38(2H,m),1.33(3H,d,J=6.8Hz)
实施例25:4-[1-[3-[12-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]十二烷氧基]苯基]乙基]吗啉的制备(I b3)
操作过程同实施例23,仅是用4-{1-[3-(12-溴-十二烷氧基)-苯基]-乙基}-吗啉代替4-{1-[3-(4-溴丁氧基)-苯基]-乙基}-吗啉,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.21(1H,d,J=7.2Hz),6.86(2H,m),6.72(1H,d,J=8.6Hz),6.67(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.62(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.10(1H,d,J=10.8Hz),6.01(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.4Hz),4.61(1H,brs),4.14(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),4.13(1H,t,J=4.4Hz),3.94(2H,d,J=8Hz),3.84(3H,s),3.82(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),3.69(4H,t,J=4.4Hz),3.36(1H,t,J=14.0Hz),3.26(1H,q,J=6.8Hz),3.18(1H,d,J=14.8Hz),2.68(1H,d,J=12.9Hz),2.48(4H,m),2.38(2H,m),2.07(1H,d,J=14.4Hz),2.00(1H,m),1.78(2H,m),1.52(3H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.38(14H,m),1.33(2H,d,J=6.8Hz)
实施例26:1-[4-[4-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]丁氧基]苯甲酰基]吡咯烷的制备(I c1)
将50.01mg(0.1830mmol)N-去甲基加兰他敏、53.69mg(0.1830mmol)1-[4-(4-溴丁氧基)苯甲酰基]吡咯烷、75.88mg(0.5490mmol)无水碳酸钾、5ml无水乙腈投入干燥的反应瓶中,氮气保护,在80℃搅拌24小时,减压回收溶剂,残留物中加水10mL,氯仿15mL×3提取,合并有机层,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,回收溶剂得到的剩余物用硅胶柱提纯,洗脱剂为氯仿∶乙醇(4∶1),得粘稠状物质34.67mg,收率36.55%。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.48(2H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.85(2H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.66(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.62(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.08(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.01(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.4Hz),4.60(1H,brs),4.19(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),4.14(1H,t,J=4.0Hz),3.98(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.88(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),3.83(3H,s),3.63(2H,t,J=7.4Hz),3.48(2H,m),3.45(1H,t,J=13.2Hz),3.21(1H,d,J=14.0Hz),2.68(1H,d,J=15.8Hz),2.61(2H,m),2.08(1H,d,J=14.0Hz),2.01(1H,m),1.95(2H,m),1.87(2H,m),1.79(2H,m),1.72(2H,m),1.58(1H,d,J=13.6Hz)
实施例27:1-[4-[6-[(4aS,6R,8aS)-6-羟基-3-甲氧基-5,6,9,10,11,12-六氢-4aH-苯并呋喃[3a,3,2-ef][2]苯并氮杂卓-11-基]丁氧基]苯甲酰基]吡咯烷的制备(I c2)
操作过程同实施例26,仅是用1-{4-[(6-溴己基)氧基]苯甲酰基}吡咯烷代替1-[4-(4-溴丁氧基)苯甲酰基]吡咯烷,得粘稠状物质。
1HNMR(δ,CDCl3):7.51(2H,d,J=7.0Hz),6.87(2H,d,J=6.8Hz),6.67(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),6.63(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.08(1H,d,J=10.4Hz),6.01(1H,dd,J=10.4,4.8Hz),4.61(1H,brs),4.17(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),3.96(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.86(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),3.83(3H,s),3.63(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),3.48(2H,t,J=6.4Hz),3.39(1H,t,J=12.8Hz),3.21(1H,d,J=14.0Hz),2.68(1H,d,J=15.2Hz),2.53(2H,m),2.08(1H,d,J=14.2Hz),2.00(1H,m),1.94(2H,m),1.88(2H,m),1.78(2H,m),1.55(3H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.36(2H,m)
实施例28:药理活性实验
体外抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的测定:
因目标化合物水溶性不理想,我们将其制成了药理上可以接受的盐酸盐,并以氢溴酸加兰他敏为阳性对照进行了药理活性测试。乙酰胆碱酯酶酶源采用小鼠皮层,实验方法采用Ellman方法(Ellman,G.L.Courtney,K.D.Andres,V.Featherstone,R.M.A new and rapid colormetric determination ofacetylcholinesterase activity.Biochem Pharmacol.1961,7,88-95.)部分结果参见表1:
表格1 加兰他敏及其衍生物体外抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性数据:
无需进一步详细阐述,相信采用前面所公开的内容,本领域技术人员可最大限度地应用本发明。因此,前面的优选具体实施方案应理解为仅是举例说明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的加兰他敏衍生物,其特征是:当X为含2~12个碳原子的烷烃链,Y=CH2,苄基碳在氧原子的对位取代时,胺基取代基为哌啶、二乙胺、吗啉基团。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加兰他敏衍生物,其特征是:当X为含2~12个碳原子的烷烃链,Y=CHCH3,苄基碳在氧原子的间位取代时,胺基取代基为哌啶、二乙胺、吗啉基团。
4、根据权利要求1所述的加兰他敏衍生物,其特征是:当X为含2~12个碳原子的烷烃链,Y=C=O,苄基碳在氧原子的对位取代时,胺基取代基为吡咯烷基团。
5、根据权利要求1所述的加兰他敏衍生物的制备方法,其特征是:
(1)化合物II氢溴酸加兰他敏经一锅法脱甲基制备化合物IIIN-去甲基加兰他敏;
(2)化合物Va、VIb、IVc与二溴代物发生选择性取代反应,生成单取代的溴代物VIa、VIIb、Vc;
(3)在碱性试剂的作用下,将VIa、VIIb、Vc分别与化合物III反应制得目标化合物Ia、Ib和Ic。
6、根据权利要求1所述的加兰他敏衍生物的用途,其特征是:该类化合物在制备治疗早老性痴呆疾病药物中的应用。
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