CN1826507B - 用于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的固定器 - Google Patents

用于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的固定器 Download PDF

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CN1826507B
CN1826507B CN2004800212828A CN200480021282A CN1826507B CN 1826507 B CN1826507 B CN 1826507B CN 2004800212828 A CN2004800212828 A CN 2004800212828A CN 200480021282 A CN200480021282 A CN 200480021282A CN 1826507 B CN1826507 B CN 1826507B
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李锦锡
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B1/00Devices for securing together, or preventing relative movement between, constructional elements or machine parts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/08Testing mechanical properties
    • G01M11/083Testing mechanical properties by using an optical fiber in contact with the device under test [DUT]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/18Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35303Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0008Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of bridges
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0091Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by using electromagnetic excitation or detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02209Mounting means, e.g. adhesives, casings

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种用于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的固定器,任何人均可通过该固定器安装FBG,以无论安装的位置在何处均能使FBG传感器具有精确的值,并且该FBG传感器可以被半永久性安装和保护。所述固定器包括:底面附着在物体上的一对固定件(3),FBG传感器(S)的两端插入并且通过粘合剂(F)附着在所述固定件(3)中;用于以一定间隔将所述一对固定件隔开的管件(2),FBG传感器(S)插入到管件的中空部分中以保护FBG传感器(S)免受外部影响;以及用于以不超过0.0002mm的误差安装固定件(3)和管件(2)的部件。

Description

用于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的固定器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于测量波长变化的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的固定器,FBG传感器通过所述固定器安装在待测物体上,并且在所述固定器内保持FBG传感器的初始设定值,本发明尤其涉及一种具有一对固定件的固定器,所述固定件用于通过紧固螺栓(fasteningbolt)来固定管件,其中FBG传感器插入在所述管件内并固定在固定件上,并且所述管件保持FBG传感器的初始值以及保护FBG传感器。
背景技术
通常,光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器是通过形成周期性地调制光纤玻璃芯线内的折射率,以选择性地对特定波长进行反射的光栅而制造的波长选择器件。
由于用于测量物理量的FBG传感器具有良好的物理特性,例如,其具有固有波长并且不受电磁波的影响,因此FBG传感器取代了传统的应变计(strain gauge)。近年来,FBG传感器的应用领域显著增加。
尽管只有125毫米的很小的直径,但是FBG传感器每单位面积具有大的张力(tension)。因此,由于FBG传感器容易在外部撞击下破裂,所以需要将FBG传感器精细地安装在建筑物或者桥梁上。
另外,FBG传感器应该牢固地安装以具有合适的张力,从而测量正确的值。由于对于FBG传感器来说没有合适的用于民用建筑的光纤,因此有经验的工程师需要在空间-时间(space-time)受限的现场直接设定FBG传感器的值。
这样,虽然FBG传感器具有良好的测量性能,但是由于FBG传感器难于安装和操作,因此在各种工业领域没有得到广泛应用。
同时,FBG传感器是通过粘合剂、或者可选的固定件直接附着在待测物体上的。因此,FBG传感器可能会暴露在例如雨、风、虫子或动物等外部环境中。
暴露在外部环境中的FBG传感器可能会错误地测量应变(strain),因此,它难以稳定地检查民用建筑,并难以维护测量系统。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是解决现有技术中存在的问题,并且提供一种用于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的固定器,任何人不论在什么安装地点都可通过该固定器安装FBG,以使FBG传感器具有精确的值,并且FBG传感器可以被半永久性的固定和保护。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用于将光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器安装在待测物体上的固定器,以测量物体的波长变化,所述固定器可包括:底面附着在物体上的一对固定件,FBG传感器的两端插入并且通过粘合剂附着在所述固定件内;用于以一定间隔将所述一对固定件隔开的管件,FBG传感器插入到管件的中空部分内以保护FBG传感器免受外部影响;以及用于安装固定件和管件的装置。
附图说明
通过参照附图对本发明的优选实施方案进行描述,本发明的上述目的、其他特征和优点将会更加清楚,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的一个优选实施方案的用于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的固定器的立体图;
图2是图1中的固定器的分解图;
图3是根据本发明的另一个优选实施方案的用于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的固定器的底视图;
图4是图1中的固定器的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下将对本发明的优选实施方案进行详细说明,附图中示出了这些优选实施方案的实施例。
根据本发明的用于测量待测物体(例如建筑物和桥梁)的应变的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器S的固定器包括:一对固定件3,其底面附接在物体上,并且FBG传感器S的两端插入并且通过粘合剂F附接在固定件3中;用于以一定间隔将所述一对固定件隔开的管件2,FBG传感器S插入到所述管件的中空部分内以使其不受外部影响;以及用于对固定件3和管件2进行固定的装置。
所述固定装置包括从固定件3的各侧突出的管件接收部分3a,在管件接收部分的上部形成的螺纹孔3d,以及与螺纹孔3d螺纹接合用以压挤和固定管件2的紧固螺栓4。
管件2的两端安装到固定件3之间的管件接收部分3a中。FBG传感器S插入管件2内,并且优选地具有间隙度(degree of clearance),从而使得FBG传感器S不是被限制在固定件3的管件接收部分3a之间。
固定件3具有底面开放以接纳FBG传感器S的传感器保持槽3b,以及用于在传感器保持槽3b的下部选择性地将其打开/关闭的盖子6。
具体地,传感器保持槽3b沿着固定件3的中心部分(FBG传感器S由其通过)形成。传感器保持槽3b填充有粘合剂F,FBG传感器S插入粘合剂F内。这样,FBG传感器S在其两端通过粘合剂固定,并且在FBG传感器上施加了张力。
参照图3,传感器保持槽3b在其内侧至少形成有一个防滑槽3c。在传感器保持槽中填充的粘合剂F硬化的情况下,可以防止由于固定件3和粘合剂F之间的线性膨胀系数不同而在传感器保持槽3b中产生间隙。
举例来说,环氧树脂可用作粘合剂。
如上所述,如果FBG传感器S通过固定件3的传感器保持槽3b牢固地安装,那么固定件3的底面将通过粘合剂牢固地附着在待测物体(未示出)的表面上。
固定件3在其上表面设置有至少一个螺纹通孔3e。当难以将固定件3的底面通过粘合剂附着在待测物体上时,紧固螺栓5通过螺纹孔3e与附着在待测物体上的固定板7螺纹结合,从而将固定件3牢固地安装在待测物体上。如果需要的话,可以通过松开螺栓5来再次使用固定件。
当使用紧固螺栓5和固定板7、或者粘合剂将固定件3牢固地附着在物体的表面上后,通过松开管件接收部分3a的螺栓4(其被安装以保持FBG传感器S的张力),FBG传感器S的接合状态将会变松或者松脱,从而完成了安装用于FBG传感器(测量待测物体的应变)的固定器1的过程。
如上所述,当FBG传感器S完全安装到物体的表面上时,FBG传感器S将由固定器1的管件2和固定件3安全地保护,以防止其受到诸如风或虫子等外部环境的影响。另外,随着时间的流逝张力是不会变化的,这样就可以正确地测量应变。
当在某一地点直接使用FBG传感器S时,本发明的固定器的使用方法可以根据待测物体的类型或者测量时间而改变。例如,对于小于一年的较短的时期,可以利用粘合剂将固定件3直接附着在物体上。对于大于一年的较长时期,可以利用紧固螺栓5和固定板7将固定件3牢固地附着在物体上。
如上所述,在将固定件3固定到待测物体上之后,优选地去除接合在管件2上部的紧固螺栓4。这是为了更灵敏地将物体的应变传送到FBG传感器S上。根据测试,这时能够测量高至1ms的应变。
虽然在此参照优选实施方案对本发明进行了描述和说明,但是本领域技术人员应该认识到,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对其进行各种变化和修改。因此本发明涵盖了落入所附权利要求及其等同物范围内的各种变化和修改。
工业应用性
在进行上面的描述后,根据本发明,任何人都可以利用固定器来安装FBG。另外,可以半永久地安装FBG传感器,并可以防止其受外部环境影响。
这样,本发明的固定器可以防止由于外部环境而错误地测量到物体应变。另外,可以连续地测量民用建筑,而不会产生由电磁波所导致的失真。此外,其解决了在每次定期安全检查时都需要安装传统的电应变计所带来的麻烦。
此外,本发明可以降低安装FBG传感器所需的时间和费用。另外,利用本发明还可以测量FBG传感器的固有波长的变化,从而正确地测量物体的应变与初始值之比,从而相对于传统的测量系统更准确地测量民用建筑的老化程度。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于固定光纤布拉格光栅传感器(S)以测量待测物体应变的固定器,所述固定器包括:
一对用于将所述光纤布拉格光栅传感器(S)固定至所述物体的固定件(3),其中所述固定件(3)中的每一个具有位于其底面的传感器保持槽(3b),以及从其一侧突出的管件接收部分(3a),所述管件接收部分(3a)与所述传感器保持槽(3b)连通;
在所述一对固定件(3)之间设置有包围所述光纤布拉格光栅传感器(S)的管件(2),所述管件(2)的两端通过第一固定部件(4)可拆卸地固定至所述固定件(3)的各个所述管件接收部分(3a),所述光纤布拉格光栅传感器(S)插入到所述管件(2)中,并且其两端通过粘合剂(F)牢固地固定于所述固定件(3)的所述传感器保持槽(3b);以及
用于对所述固定件(3)和所述管件(2)进行固定的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的固定器,进一步包括用于封闭所述固定件(3)的所述传感器保持槽(3b)的盖子(6)。
3.如权利要求1所述的固定器,其中,所述固定装置包括从所述固定件的各侧突出的管件接收部分、在所述管件接收部分上部形成的螺纹孔、以及与所述螺纹孔螺纹接合以压挤和固定所述管件的紧固螺栓。
4.如权利要求1所述的固定器,其中,所述传感器保持槽(3b)在其内侧形成有至少一个防滑槽(3c),当填充在所述传感器保持槽内的粘合剂(F)硬化时,所述防滑槽(3c)可以防止由于所述固定件(3)和所述粘合剂(F)之间的线性膨胀系数不同而在所述传感器保持槽(3b)中产生间隙。
5.如权利要求1所述的固定器,进一步包括附着在所述待测物体上的固定板(7),所述固定件(3)通过第二固定部件(5)可拆卸地固定在所述物体的所述固定板(7)上。
6.如权利要求1所述的固定器,其中,插入到所述管件接收部分(3a)中的所述管件(2)的两端设置有分接头(8),用以容易地防止所述管件旋转并使其保持水平状态。
CN2004800212828A 2003-07-24 2004-07-23 用于光纤布拉格光栅传感器的固定器 Expired - Fee Related CN1826507B (zh)

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PCT/KR2004/001842 WO2005010462A1 (en) 2003-07-24 2004-07-23 Fixer for fiber bragg grating sensor

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