CN1817871A - 借助于过氧化氢的钌催化的烯烃环氧化的方法 - Google Patents
借助于过氧化氢的钌催化的烯烃环氧化的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1817871A CN1817871A CN200610059985.0A CN200610059985A CN1817871A CN 1817871 A CN1817871 A CN 1817871A CN 200610059985 A CN200610059985 A CN 200610059985A CN 1817871 A CN1817871 A CN 1817871A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- hydrogen
- aryl
- carbon atoms
- arylalkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 hydroxy, hydroxycarbonyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 88
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N dichloromethane-d2 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])(Cl)Cl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N 0.000 description 36
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 31
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipicolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 101001053401 Arabidopsis thaliana Acid beta-fructofuranosidase 3, vacuolar Proteins 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004992 fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QOQQWLXXSDSXBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7,7-trimethyl-3-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane Chemical compound C1CC2(C)CC(=C)C1C2(C)C QOQQWLXXSDSXBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BGDKRGCBUXAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(=C)C(=O)C1C2(C)C BGDKRGCBUXAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipicolinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=N1 WJJMNDUMQPNECX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CMBACTWXDITUGK-IUCAKERBSA-N (2r,3s)-2-(chloromethyl)-3-phenyloxirane Chemical compound ClC[C@@H]1O[C@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMBACTWXDITUGK-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YVCOJTATJWDGEU-VXNVDRBHSA-N (2r,3s)-2-methyl-3-phenyloxirane Chemical compound C[C@H]1O[C@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 YVCOJTATJWDGEU-VXNVDRBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YUWWNQUBHDXKMT-OIBJUYFYSA-N (2s,3s)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyloxirane Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@H](C)O1 YUWWNQUBHDXKMT-OIBJUYFYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRKFSZMYFFNIHK-UWVGGRQHSA-N (2s,3s)-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-phenyloxirane Chemical compound COC[C@@H]1O[C@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZRKFSZMYFFNIHK-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKNDKHFVBCTWOT-GJZGRUSLSA-N (2s,3s)-2-(phenoxymethyl)-3-phenyloxirane Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](O1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BKNDKHFVBCTWOT-GJZGRUSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YVCOJTATJWDGEU-IONNQARKSA-N (2s,3s)-2-methyl-3-phenyloxirane Chemical compound C[C@@H]1O[C@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 YVCOJTATJWDGEU-IONNQARKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCSYHIMAJMWJFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-phenyloxiran-2-yl)methyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 XCSYHIMAJMWJFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004454 (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000171 (C1-C6) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZWBOIOUXXAJRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-b]oxirene Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C2C1O2 ZWBOIOUXXAJRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNWZLIBGGSLNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-phenyloxirane Chemical compound CC1(C)OC1(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PNWZLIBGGSLNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GIMKHGWDFQQNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethyl-3-phenyloxirane Chemical compound CC1(C)OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 GIMKHGWDFQQNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBWLXNDOMYKTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)oxirane Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1OC1 IBWLXNDOMYKTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ICVNPQMUUHPPOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxirane Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1OC1 ICVNPQMUUHPPOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAWJAMQTRGCJMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)oxirane Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1OC1 QAWJAMQTRGCJMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGAKWTQCQUVXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1C1OC1 KGAKWTQCQUVXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDLOAJBYHVVDQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2,3-diphenyloxirane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C)OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 SDLOAJBYHVVDQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRXPNWXSFCODDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-phenyloxirane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C)CO1 MRXPNWXSFCODDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTOVVHWKPVSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BTOVVHWKPVSLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEVVTFWFRCKGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane Chemical compound C1CCCCC21C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)O2 NEVVTFWFRCKGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUDYJVLITCQGCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Chemical compound O1C2CCCCC21C1=CC=CC=C1 DUDYJVLITCQGCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NERZWZQNSRXDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6a-methyl-1a,6-dihydroindeno[1,2-b]oxirene Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2C1(C)O2 NERZWZQNSRXDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101001053395 Arabidopsis thaliana Acid beta-fructofuranosidase 4, vacuolar Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical group CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019891 RuCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVALSANGMFRTQM-IUCAKERBSA-N [(2s,3s)-3-phenyloxiran-2-yl]methanol Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1O[C@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 PVALSANGMFRTQM-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000007854 aminals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZSXFJPZOCRDPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbanide;trioxorhenium Chemical compound [CH3-].O=[Re](=O)=O VZSXFJPZOCRDPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910009112 xH2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N (-)-Nopinene Natural products C1[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIMKHGWDFQQNSB-SECBINFHSA-N (3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenyloxirane Chemical compound CC1(C)O[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 GIMKHGWDFQQNSB-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004641 (C1-C12) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004955 1,4-cyclohexylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- IAFFEFPJCKQBKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene;ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C(Cl)=C1Cl IAFFEFPJCKQBKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROKBWEFRLPISJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenyloxiran-2-yl)-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound O1CCOC1C1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 ROKBWEFRLPISJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMYNFPKQFVQEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(3-phenyloxiran-2-yl)methyl]isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1CC1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 NMYNFPKQFVQEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CABMTIJINOIHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-methyl-5-oxo-4-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C(C)C)(C)N=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C=C1C(O)=O CABMTIJINOIHOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIEKVYPYFQSFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21C FIEKVYPYFQSFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pseudopinene Natural products C1C2C(C)(C)C1CCC2=C WTARULDDTDQWMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010039737 Scratch Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Fenchene Natural products C1CC2C(=C)CC1C2(C)C XCPQUQHBVVXMRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- YUWWNQUBHDXKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N anti-anethole epoxide Natural products C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1C(C)O1 YUWWNQUBHDXKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930006722 beta-pinene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002933 cyclohexyloxy group Chemical group C1(CCCCC1)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005879 dioxolanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-carene Natural products C1CC(=C)CC2C(C)(C)C21 LCWMKIHBLJLORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxidooxidocarbon(.) Chemical group O[C]=O ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LSEFCHWGJNHZNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LSEFCHWGJNHZNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005246 nonafluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005545 phthalimidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKJSECQHJABECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine;dihydroiodide Chemical compound I.I.C1=CC=NC=C1 KKJSECQHJABECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FDDKCJBJJYNRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl(silyloxy)silane Chemical group CC(C)(C)[SiH2]O[SiH3] FDDKCJBJJYNRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXMODQFAOXORTP-KBPBESRZSA-N tert-butyl-dimethyl-[[(2s,3s)-3-phenyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy]silane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@H]1O[C@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMODQFAOXORTP-KBPBESRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/04—Compounds containing oxirane rings containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/12—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0046—Ruthenium compounds
- C07F15/0053—Ruthenium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种在过氧化氢的存在下使用基于钌络合物的催化剂的烯烃环氧化的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种在过氧化氢存在下使用基于钌络合物的催化剂的烯烃环氧化的方法。
烯烃是工业应用中易得而廉价的原料。一个特别重要的有机合成反应是烯烃至环氧化物的氧化,环氧化物是活性化合物和精细化学品(化妆品工业、聚合物工业、等等)合成的多用途中间体。
除了分子氧以外,过氧化氢代表了同样廉价且普遍可得的生态可持续的“绿色”氧化剂。在环氧化反应中,用过氧化氢时获得高达47%的原子效率,只有水作为副产物形成。与使用纯氧的反应(特别是用氧气的压力反应)相比,过氧化氢具有低得多的安全风险性的优点。
环氧化物传统上可以由烯烃通过其与过酸的反应而制备,过酸可以由过氧化氢对酸或酸衍生物的作用而产生。这种方法的缺点在于不是酸敏感性的底物的范围对烯烃和环氧化物的限制,以及化学计量量的盐废弃物的形成。为了克服这些缺点并且提高环氧化反应的选择性,已经开发了用过氧化氢以及由过渡金属催化的其它方法。在中性条件下最广泛地可用于烯烃环氧化的催化剂可能是MTO体系(甲基三氧化铼)[(a)Herrmann,W.A.;Fisher,R.W.;Marz,D.W.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1991,30,1638-1641;(b)Rudolf,J.;Reddy,K,L.;Chiang,J.P.;Sharpless,K.B.J.Am.Chem.Soc.197,119,6189-6190.(c)Hermann,W.A.;Kratzer,R.M.;Ding,H.;Thiel,W.R.;Glas,H.J.Organomet.Chem.1998,555,293-295.]。然而从工业的角度出发,一种价格更低、活性更高以及产率更高的、使用过氧化氢的化学选择性烯烃环氧化的催化剂体系的开发,是一个重要而要求高的目标。
钌代表一种引起关注的且廉价的用于环氧化反应的贵金属。在过氧化氢存在下,钌催化环氧化的例子可以在下述文献中找到:Stoop.R.M.;Bachmann,S.;Valentini,M.;Mezzetti,A.Organometallics 2000,19,4117-4126.)。然而,在这篇文献中只描述了苯乙烯衍生物的反应并且产率最大达到55%。在Klawonn,M.;Tse,M.K.;Bhor,S.;Dbler,C.;Beller,M,J.Mol.Catal.A 2004,218,13-19中描述了另一种基于RuCl3和吡啶2,6-二羧酸的催化环氧化体系,该体系是在过氧化氢存在下进行的。然而,由于该反应在酸性条件下进行,其一个缺点在于不是酸敏感性的烯烃底物对烯烃的限制,从而限制了官能团的耐受力。此外,为了达到满意的产率,不得不加入大量的配体(吡啶2,6-二羧酸)。
因此仍需要开发一种普遍化学选择性的同时又有效的烯烃环氧化方法,该方法在温和条件以及可能地pH中性条件下进行。此外,从工业的角度出发,既廉价又对环境友好的氧化剂的使用是所针对的目标。
现在已发现,使用三联吡啶配体改性的以及用2,6-吡啶二羧酸配体改性的钌催化剂在过氧化氢存在下,在温和的、包括pH中性的条件下,有效且以高产率地引起烯烃转化成环氧化物。
所发现的方法是基于式(I)的环氧化物的制备,
其中,R1、R2、R3和R4,彼此独立地各自是氢、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、卤代烷基,或者是式(IIa)至(IIf)中之一的基团
A-B-D-E (IIa) A-E (IIb)
A-SO2-E (IIc) A-B-SO2R6 (IId)
A-SO3W (IIe) A-COW (IIf)
其中,在式(IIa)至(IIf)中
A不存在,或者是亚烷基或卤代亚烷基,和
B不存在,或者是氧或NR5,其中
R5是氢、芳基烷基或芳基,和
D是羰基,和
E是R6、OR6、NHR7或N(R7)2,
其中
R6是烷基、芳基烷基或芳基,和
基团R7彼此独立地各自是烷基、芳基烷基或芳基,或者所述结构部分N(R7)2是含有4-12个碳原子的环氨基,和
W是OH、NH2、或OM,其中M是碱金属离子、半当量的碱土金属离子、铵离子或有机铵离子,或者基团R1、R2、R3和R4中的两个一起作为具有总共3-16个碳原子的3-7元环的一部分,
该方法的特征在于式(III)的化合物与过氧化氢(H2O2)进行反应,
其中,R1、R2、R3和R4互相独立地各自如上所定义,所述反应在含有式(IV)的化合物和式(V)的化合物同时作为配体的钌络合物的存在下进行。
其中R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18彼此独立地各自是氢、卤素、羟基、羟基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷氧基、烷基、芳基烷基或芳基;或基团R8、R9、R10和R11中的两个,或者基团R15、R16、R17和R18中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元单环的一部分,或一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的双环的一部分,
其中,X1、X2和X3彼此独立地,各自是N、CH或CR19,和
R19是氢、卤素、羟基、羟基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基或芳基,和
n是0、1、2或3,优选是0或1,特别优选是0。
本发明的范围包括上述和下述的、所有基团定义、参数和解释,它们可以是广义的或者在任意相互组合的优选范围内,也可以在各自范围和优选范围之间。
对本发明而言,除非另外指明,术语芳基优选指含有6-24个骨架碳原子的碳环芳基,或含有5-24个骨架碳原子的杂芳基,其中每个环中的0,1,2或3个碳原子可以被选自氮、硫和氧的杂原子所取代,但在整个分子中至少有一个骨架碳原子被上述杂原子取代。此外,碳环芳基或杂芳基在每个环上可以被至多5个相同或不同的取代基所取代,所述取代基选自氢、卤素、硝基、氰基、游离的或受保护的甲酰基、C1-C12-烷基、C1-C12-卤代烷基、C5-C14-芳基、C6-C15-芳基烷基、C1-C12-烷氧基、C1-C12-烷氧羰基、-PO-[(C1-C8)-烷基]2、-PO-[(C5-C14)-芳基]2、-PO-[(C1-C8)-烷基)(C5-C14)-芳基)]2、三(C1-C8-烷基)甲硅烷氧基和式(IIa)至(IIf)的基团。这同样适用于芳基烷基中的芳基部分。
例如,芳基特别优选为苯基、萘基或蒽基,它们可以被1、2或3个独立地选自C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-卤代烷基、C5-C14-芳基、C1-C6-烷氧基、C1-C6-烷氧羰基、卤素、羟基、硝基和氰基中的基团取代。
对本发明而言,除非另外指明,术语烷基、亚烷基和烷氧基优选在各种情况下独立地指的是取代或未取代的直链的、环状的、支化或未支化的烷基或亚烷基或烷氧基。这同样适用于芳基烷基的亚烷基部分。烷基或亚烷基或烷氧基的可能的取代基例如是C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-卤代烷基、C5-C14-芳基、C6-C15-芳基烷基、C1-C6-烷氧基、C1-C6-芳氧基、C1-C6-烷氧羰基、C1-C6-酰氧基、卤素、羟基、硝基、氰基或三(C1-C8-烷基)甲硅烷氧基。
例如,烷基特别优选为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、环己基或正己基、正庚基、正辛基、异辛基、正癸基或正十二烷基。
亚烷基优选是,例如,亚甲基、1,1-亚乙基、1,2-亚乙基、1,1-亚丙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,1-亚丁基、1,2-亚丁基、2,3-亚丁基或1,4-亚丁基、1,5-亚戊基、1,6-亚己基、1,1-环亚己基、1,4-环亚己基、1,2-环亚己基或1,8-亚辛基。
烷氧基优选地例如是甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基、正丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基或环己氧基。
环烷基可以是具有总计3-17个碳原子的3-7个碳环或杂环,后者优选含有1、2或3个杂原子。碳环烷基例如是取代或未取代的环戊基或环己基,而杂环烷基的例子是二氧杂戊环基或邻苯二甲酰亚胺基。
在三(C1-C8-烷基)甲硅烷氧基取代基中,所述C1-C8-烷基可以相同也可以不同。上述取代基的实例是叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基。
对本发明而言,除非另外指明,术语芳基烷基优选在各种情况下独立地指可以是由上述定义的芳基单取代或多取代、特别优选单取代的、直链的、环状的、支化的或未支化的烷基。
对本发明而言,除非另外指明,术语卤代烷基和卤代亚烷基优选在各种情况下独立地指可以被独立地选自氟、氯、溴或碘的卤原子单取代、多取代或全取代的、直链的、环状的、支化的或未支化的烷基。
例如,C1-C8-卤代烷基特别优选为三氟甲基、三氯甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、五氟乙基或九氟丁基。
卤素可以是氟、氯、溴或碘,优选氟或氯。
受保护的甲酰基是通过转换成缩醛胺、乙醛缩或混合的缩醛胺-乙醛缩而受到保护的甲酰基,其中缩醛胺、乙醛缩或混合的缩醛胺-乙醛缩是acyclic(无环状的)或环状的。
式(I)中用*标注的碳原子取决于R1-R4的含义彼此独立地可以是不对称碳原子,其彼此独立地可以具有(R)或(S)构型。对本发明而言,式(I)中用*标注的两个碳原子可以都是不对称的,或其中之一是不对称的,或者都不是不对称的。
式(I)、(IV)和(V)的优选化合物如下定义。
式(I)中,优选R1、R2、R3和R4,彼此独立地,各自是氢、取代或未取代的C1-C8-烷基、C5-C14-芳基、C6-C15-芳基烷基、C1-C8-卤代烷基,或者基团R1、R2、R3和R4中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元环的一部分。
式(I)的化合物特别优选的是,其中基团R1、R2、R3和R4中的至少一个是取代或未取代的C5-C14-芳基,或者基团R1,R2,R3和R4中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元环的一部分。
在式(IV)中,优选R8、R9、R11、R12、R14、R15、R17和R18都是氢而同时R10、R13和R16都是叔丁基;R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18都是氢,或者基团R8、R9、R10、R11中的两个以及基团R15、R16、R17和R18中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元单环的一部分,或一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的双环的一部分,并且剩下的基团R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18都是氢。在一个优选实施方案中,R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18都是氢。
式(V)的化合物中,优选基团X1、X2和X3中的至少两个,特别优选三个是CH或CR19,极其优选为CH。n优选为0或1,特别优选为0或者1(在4位上有取代基),和极其优选为0。
优选钌络合物是式(VI)的络合物,
[Ru(IV)(V)] (VI)
其中(IV)代表式(IV)的化合物和(V)代表式(V)的化合物。所述络合物可以用本身已知的方式,采用与本文开头引用的文献(Nishiyama,H.;Shimada,T.;Itoh,H.;Sugiyama,H.;Motoyama,Y.Chem.Commun.1997,1863-1864)中描述的方法相类似的方法进行制备。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的方法是在有机溶剂的存在下进行的,上述有机溶剂特别是例如仲醇或叔醇、非质子极性溶剂、酮、氯代烃和芳烃。非质子极性溶剂是在25℃介电常数为5或更大,并且25℃时基于水性基准标度的pKa。为20或更大的溶剂。在本发明的方法中,特别优选仲醇和叔醇尤其例如叔戊醇和叔丁醇。
例如,反应通过将式(III)的化合物和所述钌络合物连同有机溶剂一起置于反应容器中并加入氧化剂而进行,需要的话氧化剂可溶解在合适的有机溶剂中。在一个优选实施方案中,氧化剂溶液经过10分钟至24小时的期间引入到反应混合物中。
任何进一步的后继搅拌时间可以是,例如,至多24小时,优选至多5小时,以及特别优选至多1小时。
该反应可以在-20℃-150℃的温度下进行,优选0-80℃,特别优选0℃-40℃,以及极其优选15℃-30℃。
反应过程中的压力并不是关键,并且可以是,例如,从0.5-100bar,优选0.8-10bar。特别优选环境压力。
氧化剂过氧化氢优选用量是以式(III)化合物计1-10摩尔当量,特别优选1-5摩尔当量,以及极其优选1-3摩尔当量。所述氧化剂可有利地作为在溶剂中的溶液使用,特别优选作为在水中的溶液,以及适当的话,作为在水和另外地至少一种上述有机溶剂中的溶液。
对本发明而言,所述钌络合物可以作为分离出的络合物使用,也可以是反应混合物中原位产生的。在后者情况下,合适的钌前体,例如,二[二氯(对异丙基甲苯)钌]与式(IV)和(V)的两种配体在反应混合物中混合。
分离出的络合物同样通过将合适的钌前体如二[二氯(对异丙基甲苯)钌]与式(IV)和(V)的两种配体混合而制备,并且例如通过首先在惰性气体氛围下将钌前体连同式(IV)的配体与合适的溶剂一起放在反应容器中,加入优选以其二钠盐形式的式(V)的配体的溶液,随后加热该反应混合物,并且例如通过结晶、过滤和重结晶而分离出钌络合物。特别是当把该分离出的络合物用作催化剂时,本发明的方法可以在pH值中性条件下进行,这展现了对于式(III)化合物更广泛的适用。因此优选使用式(IV)的分离出的络合物。
合适的钌前体例如是钌化合物例如:氯化Ru(III),或者例如是含有至少一个配体的Ru(II)或Ru(III)络合物,上述配体选自膦,例如:三芳基膦、三烷基膦、或二(二芳基膦基)烷烃;胺类,例如:三芳基胺、三烷基胺、环脂族胺或环芳族胺或杂芳族胺;或不饱和环状烃,例如:对异丙基甲苯、降冰片二烯或环辛二烯。一个合适钌前体的例子是二[二氯(对异丙基甲苯)钌]。
所述反应可以在pH值中性的条件下进行,酸或碱的加入也可能是有利的。此反应优选在pH值中性条件下进行,对本发明而言上述条件意味着在20℃时测定的pH值为5-9。
对本发明而言,钌络合物或钌前体的用量例如是0.001-20摩尔%,优选0.01-1摩尔%,以及特别优选0.1-1摩尔%。
式(I)的化合物可在温和的条件下通过本发明提供的路线以很好的收率获得。处理可以本身已知的方法进行,例如通过用水猝灭、用合适的有机溶剂萃取并蒸馏、或环氧化物的重结晶。
本发明的方法可以立体选择性地或非立体选择性地进行。本发明的方法优选非立体选择性地进行。对本发明而言,非立体选择性地进行本发明的方法包括外消旋地进行。然而,立体选择性地进行本发明的方法也可以是优选的。
用于上述立体选择性(对映体选择性)环氧化的优选催化剂是这样的式(VI)的催化剂,其中式(VI)化合物中的基团R8、R9、R10和R11中的两个或者基团R15、R16、R17和R18中的至少两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元双环的一部分,该双环特别优选衍生自萜烯。
所述式(VI)催化剂的例子是式(VI-2)-(VI-5)的化合物。
这些化合物至今未见文献报导,因此同样是本发明的主题。
当本发明的方法对映体选择性地进行时,通式(I)的两个对映体之一与另一个对映体相比是以对映体过量(以下也称作ee)获得。这种对映体过量优选2-100%ee,特别优选50-100%。ee值的定义在本专利申请的实施例中给出。如果通式(I)中用*标注的碳原子都是不对称的,这两个对映体也可以是非对映的一对。
可根据本发明制备的式(I)的化合物特别适用于制备药物、农业化学品、聚合物或其中间体。
在本发明的方法中,烯烃的环氧化在非常温和的条件下以高的选择性进行,并且获得非常好的产品收率。可特别提及的是需要非常少的钌和配体用量。同时,能够使用廉价的氧化剂过氧化氢是本发明的一个特殊优点,而进一步的优点在于能够在pH中性条件下甚至使酸敏感性的式(III)化合物反应,和/或制备酸敏感性的式(I)的化合物。
实施例
一般方法:
在代表性的实验中,将钌络合物[钌(2,2’:6’,2”-三联吡啶)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸酯)](VI-1)(0.0025mmol)室温下在叔戊醇(9ml)中搅拌,并加入式(III)的烯烃(0.5mmol)。将过氧化氢(1.5mmol)在叔戊醇(0.83ml)中的30%strength(译为30%浓度)溶液经过12小时时间计量加入该混合物中。该反应然后通过加入水(10ml)和Na2SO3(0.5g)而猝灭,并用乙酸乙酯(20ml)萃取该混合物。有机相干燥后,通过气相色谱法分析等分试样。为了分离环氧化物,通过蒸馏除去溶剂,以及合适的话该产物通过柱层析纯化。
实施例1-25:
表1概括了根据本发明一般方法在钌络合物[Ru(2,2’:6’,2”-三联吡啶)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸酯)](VI-1)的存在下式(III)烯烃氧化的实施例。
(a)OTBDME=叔丁基二甲硅烷氧基;(b)Ac=乙酰基
表1:按照本发明一般方法在钌络合物[钌(2,2’:6’,2”-三联吡啶)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸酯)](VI-1)的存在下的式(III)烯烃的环氧化
所述实施例中制成的式(I)环氧化物的分析数据显示如下。
1,2-环氧-1-甲基环己烷:
1,2-Epoxy-1-methylcyohexane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.22(m,5H),1.36-1.31(m,2H),1.59(m,2H),1.82-1.78(m,2H),2.87(s,1H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ19.7,20.1,22.7,25.0,29.9,57.8,59.6;(E.I.,70eV):m/e 112(M+),111,97(100),55,43.
苯基环氧乙烷:
Phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ2.72(dd,J=5.6,2.6Hz,1H),3.06(dd,J=5.6,4.2Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=4.2,2.6Hz,1H),7.16-7.29(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ51.3,52.5,125.6,128.3,128.6,137.7;(E.I.,70eV):m/e 120(M+,41),119(65),92(37),91(100),90(64),89(79).
2-(对甲苯基)环氧乙烷:
2-(p-Tolyl)oxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2):δ2.33(s,3H),2.77(dd,J=5.5,2.6Hz,1H),3.09,(dd,J=5.5,4.1Hz,1H),3.79,(dd,J=4.1,2.6Hz,1H),7.06-7.26(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CD2Cl2):δ20.9,50.9,52.1,125.5,129.2,134.8,138.1;GC-MS:m/e 134(M+).
4-氟苯基环氧乙烷:
4-Fluorophenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ2.67(dd,J=5.6,2.6Hz,1H),3.04(dd,J=5.6,4.0Hz,1H),3.75(dd,J=4.0,2.6Hz,1H),6.91-6.96(m,2H),7.12-7.17(m,2H),13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ51.6,52.2,115.9(d,J=20Hz),127.6(d,J=7Hz),133.7(d,J=2Hz),163.1(d,J=24Hz);(E.I.,70eV):m/e 138(M+),137(M-1+),122(86),109(100),96.
4-氯苯基环氧乙烷:
4-Chlorophenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ2.68(dd,J=5.6,2.6Hz,1H),3.07(dd,J=5.6,4.0Hz,1H),3.76(dd,J=4.0,2.6Hz,1H),7.12-7.26(m,4H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ51.4,51.9,127.0,128.8,134.1,136.3;(E.I.,70eV):m/e 156(M+2+,9),155(M+1+,10),154(M+,28),153(M-1+,23),125(53),119(74),89(106).
(4-三氟甲基)苯基环氧乙烷:
(4-Trifluoromethyl)phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ2.77(dd,J=5.6,2.6Hz,1H),3.19(dd,J=5.6,4.0Hz,1H),3.92(dd,J=4.0,2.6Hz,1H),7.4(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.6(d,J=8.1Hz,2H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ51.4,51.6,125.4(q,J=3.8Hz),125.9,141.9;(E.I.,70eV):m/e 188(M+,14),187(20),159(49),158(48),119(100),91(37).
反式-2-甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷:
Trans-2-Methyl-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.44(d,J=5.2Hz,3H),3.03(dq,J=5.2,2.0Hz,1H),3.57(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.23-7.4(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ18.0,59.2,59.6,125.7,128.1,128.5,137.9;(E.I.,70eV):m/e 134(M+,52),133(65),105(51),91(42),90(100),89(77),77(23).
顺式-2-甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷:
Cis-2-Methyl-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.07(d,J=5.4Hz,3H),3.33(dd,J=5.4,4.3Hz,1H),4.05(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),7.25-7.36(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ12.5,55.1,57.5,126.5,127.4,128.0,135.5;MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 134(M+).
1,2-二氢萘氧化物:
1,2-Dihydronaphthalene oxide:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.72-1.80(m,1H),2.41(dddd,J=14.5,6.5,2.9,1.7Hz,1H),2.55(dd,J=15.5,5.6Hz,1H),2.76-2.85(m,1H),3.72-3.74(m,1H),3.85(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.10(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.19-7.23(m,1H),7.25-7.29(m,1H),7.40(dd,J=7.3,1.4Hz,1H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ21.7,24.3,52.6,54.9,126.0,128.2,128.3,129.4,132.4,136.5;GC-MS:m/e 146(M+).
2-甲基-2-苯基环氧乙烷:
2-Methyl-2-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.65(s,3H),2.73(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),2.90(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.17-7.31(m,5H),13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ56.9,57.2,125.4,127.6,128.5,141.3;MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 134([M]+,35),133(87),105(100),104(41),103(58),91(23),79(37),78(54),77(49).
2,2-二甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷:
2,2-Dimethyl-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.04(s,3H),1.45(s,3H),3.83(s,1H),7.21-7.33(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ17.9,24.7,61.0,64.5,126.3,127.3,128,136.6;MS(E.I.,70eV)m/e 148(M+).
1,2-环氧-1-苯基环己烷:
1,2-Epoxy-1-phenylcyclohexane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.18-1.30(m,1H),1.34-1.44(m,1H),1.44-1.58(m,2H),1.87-1.95(m,2H),2-2.09(m,1H),2.16-2.25(m,1H),2.99(m,1H),7.15-7.20(m,1H),7.23-7.32(m,4H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ19.9,20.2,24.8,29.0,60.3,62.1,125.4,127.3,128.4,142.6,MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e=175([M+1]+,10),174([M]+,82),173(100),159(21),145(40),129(50),117(47),115(58),105(68),91(58),77(43).
2-苯基-1-氧杂螺[2.5]辛烷:
2-Phenyl-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.22-1.31(m,2H),1.37-1.85(m,8H),3.85(s,1H),7.23-7.34(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ24.5,25.3,25.5,28.4,35.4,64.5,65.5,126.3,127.2,127.9,136.3;MS(E.I.,70eV)m/e 188(M+).
2-甲基-2,3-二苯基环氧乙烷:
2-Methyl-2,3-diphenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.48(s,3H),3.98(s,1H),7.30-7.34(m,2H),7.37-7.42(m,6H),7.45-7.48(m,2H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ16.7,63.0,67.1,125.1,126.5,127.5,127.6,128.2,128.4,135.9,142.3;MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 210(M+).
2-甲基茚氧化物:
2-Methylindene oxide:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ1.69(s,3H),2.90(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),3.15(d,J=17.7Hz,1H),4.04(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.14-7.25(m,3H),7.44(d,J=7.3Hz,1H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ18.5,38.6,65.0,65.3,124.8,125.7,126.0,128.2,141.7,144.5;MS(E.I.,70eV)m/e 146(M+).
2,2,3-三甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷:
2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ0.95(s,3H),1.46(s,3H),1.61(s,3H),7.20-7.23(m,1H),7.27-7.33(m,4H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ20.7,21.3,21.7,63.7,66.5,126.0,126.7,128.0,142.2;MS(E.I.,70eV)m/e 162(M+).
反式-2-羟基甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷:
Trans-2-Hydroxymethyl-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2):δ.1.84(br s,1H),3.20(d,J=4.2,2.2Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=12.7,4.2Hz,1H),3.88(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.01(dd,J=12.7,2.2Hz,1H),7.27-7.38(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CD2Cl2):δ.55.8,61.7,62.8,116.7,126.1,128.5,128.8;MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 150([M]+,5),132(19),131(12),119(19),107(100),105(33),104(34),91(67),90(78),89(58),79(67),77(41).
反式-2-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基)甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷:
Trans-2-[(tert-Butyldimethylsiloxy)methyl]-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ0.09(s,3H),0.10(s,3H),0.91(s,9H),3.12-3.13(ddd,J=4.4,2.8,1.9Hz,1H),3.79(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),3.81(dd,J=12.0,4.4Hz,1H),3.95(dd,J=12.0,2.8Hz,1H),7.24-7.35(m,5H);13CNMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ-5.3,18.4,25.9,55.9,62.7,64.0,125.7,128.1,128.4,137.2;MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 249(M+-CH3).
乙酸3-苯基环氧乙烷基甲基酯:
3-Phenyloxiranylmethyl acetate:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ2.04(s,3H),3.18-3.20(m,1H),3.73(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),4.02(dd,J=12.3,6.0Hz,1H),4.41(dd,J=12.3,3.4Hz,1H),7.17-7.32(m,5H),13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ20.7,56.4,59.2,64.2,125.6,128.4,128.5,136.1,170.7;MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 192(M+,2),150(10),149(79),133(26),107(95),105(67),91(54),90(45),89(42),79(31),77(31),43(100).
反式-2-甲氧基甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷:
Trans-2-Methoxymethyl-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ3.19(ddd,J=5.2,3.1,2.1Hz,1H),3.43(s,3H),3.52(dd,J=11.4,5.2Hz,1H),3.76(dd,J=11.4,3.1Hz,1H),3.78(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.25-7.35(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ55.7,59.2,60.9,72.1,125.6,128.2,128.4,136.8;MS(E.I.,70eV)m/e 164(M+).
反式-2-对甲氧苯基-3-甲基环氧乙烷:
Trans-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2):δ1.41(d,J=5.2Hz,3H),3.01(qd,J=5.2,2.0Hz,1H),3.50(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),6.87(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.17(d,J=8.9Hz,2H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CD2Cl2):δ18.0,58.9,59.5,114.1,127.2,130.3,160.0;MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e=165([M+1]+,7),164(M+,57),121(47),120(82),105(31),91(100),77(55),51(37).
反式-2-苯氧基甲基-3-苯基环氧乙烷:
Trans-2-Phenoxymethyl-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ3.40(ddd,J=5.2,3.2,2.0Hz,1H),3.91,(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),4.14(dd,J=11.2,5.2Hz,1H),4.32(dd,J=11.2,3.2Hz,1H),6.94-7.00(m,3H),7.27-7.38(m,7H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ56.4,60.2,67.8,114.7,121.3,125.7,128.4,128.5,129.5,136.5,158.4;MS(E.I.,70eV)m/e 226(M+).
2-(3-苯基环氧乙烷基)-[1,3]-二氧环戊烷:
2-(3-Phenyloxiranyl)-[1,3]dioxolane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ3.13(dd,J=3.8,2.0Hz,1H),3.89(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),3.89-3.97(m,2H),4.00-4.06(m,2H),5.00(d,J=3.8,1H),7.25,7.35(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ55.2,61.3,65.3,65.5,102.3,125.7,128.3,128.4,136.2;GC-MS:m/e 192(M+).
反式-2-氯甲基3-苯基环氧乙烷:
Trans-2-Chloromethyl-3-phenyloxirane:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ3.28(ddd,J=5.8,4.8,1.9Hz,1H),3.66(dd,J=11.8,5.8Hz,1H),3.72(dd,J=11.8,4.8,Hz,1H),3.82(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.26-7.38(m,5H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ44.3,58.5,60.9,116.6,125.6,128.6,135.9;GC-MS:m/e 168(M+).
2-(3-苯环氧乙烷基甲基)异吲哚-1,3-二酮:
2-(3-Phenyloxiranylmethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione:1H NMR(400.1MHz,CDCl3):δ3.20(ddd,J=5.7,4.7,1.9Hz,1H),3.82(dd,J=14.3,5.7Hz,1H),3.83(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),4.09(dd,J=14.3,4.7Hz,1H),7.19-7.29(m,5H),7.68(dd,J=5.5,3.1Hz,2H),),7.82(dd,J=5.5,3.1Hz,2H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CDCl3):δ39.3,58.0,58.9,123.5,125.6,128.4,128.5,131.9,134.2,136.3,168.0;MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 279(M+).
实施例26:
钌络合物(VI-2)[钌(三联吡啶-β-蒎烯)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸)]的合成
200mg(0.47mmol)配体三联吡啶-β-蒎烯和145mg钌前体络合物二[二氯(对异丙基甲苯)钌](0.24mmol)连同8ml甲醇一起在室温下放置在反应容器中,并加入100mg吡啶-2,6-二羧酸(H2pydic)的二钠盐(0.47mmol)溶解在9ml甲醇/水(2/1)中的溶液。该反应混合物在65℃下加热1小时。冷却后,产物结晶以得到作为紫色结晶固体的[钌(三联吡啶-β-蒎烯)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸)](61mg,19%)。
Rf=0.20(CH2Cl2/MeOH 100∶5).1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2,ppm)δ0.44(s,6H),1.00(d,J=9.9Hz,2H),1.26(s,6H),1.88-1.92(m,2H),2.30-2.31(m,4H),2.43-2.48(m,2H),2.69-2.71(m,2H),7.27(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.75(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),8.08(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.24(d,,J=8.1Hz,2H),8.30(d,J=7.7Hz,2H).13C NMR(100.6MHz,CD2Cl2,ppm)δ20.6,24.9,30.2,34.2,38.3,40.0,47.1,119.3,120.3,127.6,130.5,133.3,133.8,145.7,155.0,157.8,158.2,164.3,172.7.FAB-MS m/e 688(M+).UV-VIS(CH2Cl2,λmax/nm,logε)339(4.57),399(3.95),524(3.94)569(sh,3.90).Elemental analysis calc.for C36H34N4O4Ru·H2O(%)C61.27,H5.14,N7.94;found C61.65,H5.18,N7.80.
由上述数据可见:C36H34N4O4Ru·H2O(%)元素分析计算:C61.27、H5.14、N7.94;实测C61.65、H5.18、N7.80。
实施例27:
钌络合物(VI-3)[钌(tpy-myrt)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸)]的合成
所述合成按实施例26所描述的,用211mg配体tpy-myrt(0.50mmol),105mg的Na2pydic(0.50mmol和152mg二[二氯(对异丙基甲苯)钌](0.25mmol)进行。这样获得300mg作为紫色结晶固体的[钌(tpy-myrt)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸)](VI-3)(90%)。
Rf=0.28(CH2Cl2/MeOH 100∶5).1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2):δ0.62(s,6H),1.14-1.17(m,2H),1.35(s,6H),2.28-2.32(m,2H),2.62-2.64(m,4H),3.24-3.26(m,4H),7.09(s,2H),7.76(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.05(s,2H),8.09(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.25(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),8.31(d,J=7.8Hz,2H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CD2Cl2):δ21.1,25.5,31.3,32.8,38.9,39.8,44.9,119.6,121.5,127.3,129.2,133.4,145.0,146.5,146.7,151.1,157.6,157.7,172.1;FAB-MS(E.I.,70eV)m/e688(M+);UV-VIS(CH2Cl2,λmax/nm,logε)332(4.58),392(4.08),518(4.01).Elemental analysiscalc.for C36H34N4O4Ru·0.5CH2Cl2(%)C60.04,H4.83,N7.67;found C59.91,H5.08,N7.86.
由上述数据可见:C36H34N4O4Ru·0.5二氯甲烷(%)元素分析计算:C60.04、H4.83,N7.67;实测C59.91、H5.08、N7.86。
实施例28:
钌络合物(VI-4)[钌(三联吡啶-甲基2-β-蒎烯)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸)]的合成
将三联吡啶-甲基2-β-蒎烯(50mg,0.11mmol)和RuCl3·xH2O(29mg,0.11mmol)在正丁醇中于125℃下搅拌过夜。然后加入吡啶-2,6-二羧酸(19mg,0.11mmol)和三乙基胺(46.6μL,0.33mmol),该反应混合物在125℃下再搅拌1小时。减压下除去溶剂后,产物通过层析(用100∶2-100∶5的二氯甲烷/甲醇作为分级洗脱剂的硅胶)纯化,从而得到41mg作为紫色结晶固体的(VI-4)(57%),通过在二氯甲烷/正己烷中重结晶得到分析纯的物质。
Rf=0.12(CH2Cl2/MeOH 100∶5).1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2,ppm)δ0.54(s,6H),0.60(d,J=6.9Hz,6H),1.17(d,J=10.3Hz,2H),1.32(s,6H),1.73(m,2H),1.94(ddd,J=13.8,6.9,3.6Hz,2H),2.35(m,2H),2.70(m,2H),7.23(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.81(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),8.09(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),8.31(d,J=7.7Hz,2H).13CNMR(100.6 MHz,CD2Cl2,ppm)δ20.9,21.1,25.2,27.3,37.9,40.5,47.0,48.1,119.2,120.7,127.2,131.6,133.7,134.1,144.5,155.7,158.6,159.1,169.7,173.2.FAB-MS m/e 716(M+).UV-VIS(CH2Cl2,λmax/nm,logε)338(4.54),396(3.94),522(3.89).HRMS calc.for(C38H38N4O4 102Ru+H+)m/e 758.22803 found 758.22870.
由上述数据可见:(C38H38N4O4 102Ru+H+)m/e的HRMS计算值为758.22803,实测758.22870。
配体三联吡啶-β-蒎烯、三联吡啶-myrt和三联吡啶-甲基2-β-蒎烯,
可例如像下列文献所述的那样进行制备,Ziegler,M.;Monney,V.;Stoeckli-Evans,H.;Von Zelewsky,A.;Sasaki,I.;Dupic,G.;Daran,J.C.;Balavoine,G.G.A.Dalton Trans.1999,667-675或Kwong,H.-L.;Lee,W.-S.Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 2000,11,2299-2308。
实施例29:
钌络合物(VI-5)[钌(tpy-cam)(吡啶-2,6-二羧酸)]的合成:
将tpy-cam(137mg,粗产物,0.30mmol)(参照实施例30制备)和RuCl3·xH2O(80mg,0.30mmol)在正丁醇中于125℃下搅拌过夜。然后加入吡啶-2,6-二羧酸(61mg,0.30mmol)和三乙基胺(128μL,0.91mmol),该反应混合物再搅拌1小时。减压下除去溶剂后,产物通过层析(用100∶0-100∶5的二氯甲烷/甲醇作为分级洗脱剂的硅胶)纯化,从而得到18mg作为紫色结晶固体的(VI-5)(18mg,8%)。通过在二氯甲烷/正己烷中的重结晶得到分析纯的物质。
Rf=0.18(CH2Cl2/MeOH 100∶5).1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2,ppm)δ0.35(s,6H),0.73(s,6H),0.83-0.87(m,2H),1.01-1.07(m,2H),1.21(s,6H),1.39(d,J=3.89Hz,2H),1.71-1.77(m,4H),7.38(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.73(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.07(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),8.12(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),8.34(d,J=7.7Hz,2H).13C NMR(100.6MHz,CD2Cl2,ppm)δ10.7,18.1,19.4,25.6,32.3,52.1,53.4,56.3,119.7,120.0,126.5,127.6,130.5,133.1,148.9,153.8,156.3,157.8,172.5,174.3.FAB-MS m/e 717(M+H+).UV-VIS(CH2Cl2,λmax/nm,logε)335(4.49),386(3.90),519(3.85).HRMS calc.for(C38H38N4O4 102Ru+H+)m/e 717.20148 found717.20068.
由上述数据可见:(C38H38N4O4 102Ru+H+)m/e的HRMS计算值为717.20148,实测717.20068。
实施例30:
配体tpy-cam的合成:
a)制备2-亚甲基莰烷(参照Greenwald R.;Chaykovsky,E.J.;Corey,E.J.J.Org.Chem.1962,28,1128-1129):
将溶解在二甲基亚砜(50mL)中的溴化甲基三苯基鏻(17.9g,0.05mmol)和溶解在二甲基亚砜(20mL)中的樟脑(6g,0.04mmol),在室温下加入到氢化钠(1.2g,0.06mmol)的二甲基亚砜(20g)溶液中。然后在60℃下搅拌该混合物72小时。水解(50g水)并用正戊烷萃取之后,除去有机溶剂,剩余物进行层析(硅胶,正戊烷),以得到无色晶体2-亚甲基莰烷(2.12g,36%)。
熔点:65-67℃;
1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2):δ0.75(s,3H),0.89(s,3H),0.91(s,3H),1.14-1.27(m,2H),1.60-1.68(m,1H),1.70-1.83(m,2H),1.87-1.94(m,1H),2.35-2.43(m,1H),4.61-4.70(m,2H);13C NMR(100.6 MHz,CD2Cl2):δ12.6,19.0,19.7,28.3,35.5,37.3,45.1,47.5,51.8,101.1,160.1;[α]D=-41.75°(CH2Cl2,c=0.92);MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 151([M+1]+,3),150([M]+,25),135(54),121(28),108(21),107(100),95(37),94(52),93(61),91(48),79(68);
C11H18m/e的HRMS计算值为150.14085,实测150.13664。
b)制备2-亚甲基-3-氧莰烷(参照Hartshorn,M.P.;Wallis,A.F.A.J.Chem.Soc.1964,5254-5260)
将2-亚甲基莰烷(1.89g,12.6mmol)和二氧化硒(1.4g,12.6mmol)在四氯化碳(5mL)中回流14小时。从反应混合物中除去溶剂,剩余物进行层析(硅胶,正己烷)以得到淡黄色晶体2-亚甲基-3-氧莰烷(873mg,42%)。
熔点:69-75℃;
Rf=0.4(n-hexane,silica gel);1H NMR(400.1MHz,CD2Cl2):δ0.82(s,3H),0.96(s,3H),1.09(s,3H),1.37-1.46(m,2H),1.86(dd,J=10.5Hz,1H),1.99(ddd,J=10.5,5.2,2.2Hz,1H),2.20(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),5.01(s,1H),5.74(d,J=0.6Hz,1H);13C NMR(100.6MHz,CD2Cl2):δ11.9,17.3,20.4,22.7,34.5,45.7,51.6,59.3,110.4,154.7,255.7;[α]D=-127.6°(CH2Cl2,c=0.64);MS(E.I.,70eV):m/e 165([M+1]+,9),164([M]+,63),149(56),136(21),122(28),121(100),107(33),96(65),95(48),93(66),91(34),79(38),77(32),69(35),67(82),55(32),41(93),39(49),27(40).
(C11H16O)m/e的HRMS计算值为164.12012,实测164.12049。
c)制备tpy-cam:
在一压力管中,将2-亚甲基-3-氧莰烷(773mg,4.71mmol),乙酸铵(726mg,9.42mmol)和2,6-二(吡啶并乙酰基)吡啶二碘化物(1.347g,2.35mmol)(如Ziegler,M.;Monney,V.;Stoeckli-Evans,H.;Von Zelewsky,A.;Sasaki,I.;Dupic,G.;Daran,J,C;Balavoine,G.G.A.Dalton Trans.1999,667-675所述那样制备)悬浮在乙酸(10ml)中,并在120℃下搅拌14小时。用16%浓度的碳酸钠溶液中和该反应混合物并用氯仿萃取之后,除去有机溶剂以得到配体tpy-cam(137mg,粗产物)。
实施例31:
用络合物(VI-3)作为催化剂的1-苯基-2-甲基丙烯的不对称环氧化:
钌络合物(VI-3)(0.0025mmol)在叔戊醇(9ml)中于室温下搅拌,并加入1-苯基2-甲基丙烯(0.5mmol)。经过12小时的时间,将过氧化氢(1.5mmol)在叔戊醇(0.83ml)中的30%浓度溶液计量加入上述混合物中。该反应然后通过添加水(10ml)和Na2SO3(0.5g)而猝灭并用乙酸乙酯(20ml)萃取该混合物。有机相干燥后,用气相色谱法确定环氧化物产率。产率:96%理论值;对映体过量=+54%((R)-(+)-1-苯基-2-甲基丙烯氧化物是过量存在的对映体)。
所述对映体过量通过在手性柱材料上的HPLC测定并作为如下定义的ee(S)或(R)值给出。
经由以下等式获得ee值:
其中,ee(S)或ee(R)是S或R型对映体的光学纯度,m(S)是S型对映体的摩尔量,而m(R)是R型对映体的摩尔量。(例如:对于外消旋物:R=See=0;对于纯(S)型时:ee(S)=100%;对于S∶R=9∶1的比例,ee(S)=80%)。
Claims (9)
1.式(I)的化合物的制备方法,
其中,R1、R2、R3和R4彼此独立地,各自是氢、烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、卤代烷基、或式(IIa)至(IIf)之一的基团
A-B-D-E (IIa) A-E (IIb)
A-SO2-E (IIc) A-B-SO2R6 (IId)
A-SO3W (IIe) A-COW (IIf)
其中,在式(IIa)至(IIf)中
A不存在,或者是亚烷基或卤代亚烷基,和
B不存在,或者是氧或NR5,其中
R5是氢、芳基烷基或芳基,和
D是羰基,和
E是R6、OR6、NHR7或N(R7)2,
其中,
R6是烷基、芳基烷基或芳基,和
基团R7彼此独立地,各自是烷基、芳基烷基或芳基,或者该结构部分N(R7)2是含有4-12个碳原子的环氨基,和
W是OH、NH2、或OM,其中M是碱金属离子、半当量的碱土金属离子、铵离子或有机铵离子,或者基团R1、R2、R3和R4中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元环的一部分,
其特征在于式(III)的化合物与过氧化氢反应,
其中,R1、R2、R3和R4互相独立地如上所定义,
所述反应在含有式(IV)的化合物和式(V)的化合物同时作为配体的钌
络合物的存在下进行,
其中R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18彼此独立地,各自是氢、卤素、羟基、羟基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷氧基、烷基、芳基烷基或芳基;或
基团R8、R9、R10和R11中的两个或者基团R15、R16、R17和R18中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元单环的一部分、或者一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的双环的一部分,
其中,X1、X2和X3彼此独立地,各自是N、CH或CR19,和
R19是氢、卤素、羟基、羟基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、芳基烷基或芳基,和
n是0、1、2或3,优选是0或1,以及特别优选是0。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在式(I)中,R1、R2、R3和R4,彼此独立地,各自优选是氢、取代或未取代的C1-C8-烷基、取代或未取代的C5-C14-芳基、取代或未取代的C6-C15-芳基烷基或C1-C8-卤代烷基、或者基团R1、R2、R3和R4中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元环的一部分。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,在式(I)中,基团R1、R2、R3和R4中的至少一个是取代或未取代的C5-C14-芳基,或者基团R1、R2、R3和R4中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元环的一部分。
4.根据权利要求1-3中至少一项的方法,其特征在于,在式(IV)中,R8、R9、R11、R12、R14、R15、R17和R18都是氢并且同时R10、R13和R16都是叔丁基,R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18都是氢,或者,基团R8、R9、R10、R11中的两个和基团R15、R16、R17和R18中的两个一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的3-7元单环的一部分、或一起作为具有总计3-16个碳原子的双环的一部分、并且剩下的基团R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18都是氢。
5.根据权利要求1-4中至少一项的方法,其特征在于,在式(IV)中,R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17和R18各自是氢。
6.根据权利要求1-4中至少一项的方法,其特征在于,在式(V)中,基团X1、X2、X3中至少2个基团,优选3个基团是CH或CR19。
7.根据权利要求1-6中至少一项的方法,其特征在于,所用的钌络合物是式(VI)的络合物,
[Ru(IV)(V)] (VI)
其中(IV)代表式(IV)的化合物,(V)代表式(V)的化合物,或者所用的钌络合物是在来自合适的钌前体与所述式(IV)和(V)的两种配体的反应混合物中原位产生的络合物。
8.根据权利要求1-7中至少一项的方法,其特征在于该方法是在仲醇或叔醇作为溶剂存在下进行的。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005002821.7 | 2005-01-20 | ||
DE102005002821A DE102005002821A1 (de) | 2005-01-20 | 2005-01-20 | Verfahren zur Ruthenium-katalysierten Epoxidierung von Olefinen mit Wasserstoffperoxid |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1817871A true CN1817871A (zh) | 2006-08-16 |
Family
ID=36283889
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200610059985.0A Pending CN1817871A (zh) | 2005-01-20 | 2006-01-20 | 借助于过氧化氢的钌催化的烯烃环氧化的方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060161011A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1683791B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1817871A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE391124T1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE102005002821A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2303701T3 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004024709A1 (de) * | 2004-02-05 | 2005-09-15 | Bayer Chemicals Ag | Verfahren zur asymmetrischen Epoxidierung von Olefinen |
-
2005
- 2005-01-20 DE DE102005002821A patent/DE102005002821A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-01-07 ES ES06000267T patent/ES2303701T3/es active Active
- 2006-01-07 DE DE502006000538T patent/DE502006000538D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-07 AT AT06000267T patent/ATE391124T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-07 EP EP06000267A patent/EP1683791B1/de active Active
- 2006-01-11 US US11/330,023 patent/US20060161011A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-20 CN CN200610059985.0A patent/CN1817871A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060161011A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
DE502006000538D1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
EP1683791B1 (de) | 2008-04-02 |
DE102005002821A1 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
EP1683791A1 (de) | 2006-07-26 |
ATE391124T1 (de) | 2008-04-15 |
ES2303701T3 (es) | 2008-08-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5929232A (en) | Stereoselective ring opening reactions | |
CN101080399A (zh) | 光学活性环氧化合物的制造方法以及使用该方法的错体及其制造方法 | |
CN1649861A (zh) | 动力学拆分方法 | |
KR0149208B1 (ko) | 에난티오 선택적인 옥사자보롤리딘 촉매 | |
CN1680412A (zh) | 过渡金属络合物、合成方法及其用途 | |
CN1680347A (zh) | 3,6-二烷基-5,6-二氢-4-羟基-吡喃-2-酮的合成方法 | |
CN1898255A (zh) | 制备吡啶衍生物的方法 | |
US8217184B2 (en) | Process for producing optically active cis-silyl olefin oxide compound | |
CN1737005A (zh) | 手性二磷化合物及其过渡金属配合物 | |
CN1817871A (zh) | 借助于过氧化氢的钌催化的烯烃环氧化的方法 | |
CN1761641A (zh) | 含氧化合物的制造方法 | |
CN101037451A (zh) | 过渡金属络合物、合成方法及其在催化氢化反应中的应用 | |
CN1288122C (zh) | 羰基化合物的生产方法 | |
CN1550482A (zh) | 生产反式-(r,r)-放线菌醇的方法 | |
JP4909084B2 (ja) | 触媒不斉エポキシ化 | |
CN1930116A (zh) | 手性叔氨基烷基萘酚 | |
CN1479714A (zh) | 旋光性胺衍生物及其合成方法 | |
CN1208316C (zh) | 生产视黄醇的方法和用于生产视黄醇的中间体化合物 | |
CN1172804A (zh) | 制备1-取代-乙内酰脲的方法 | |
CN1704421A (zh) | 手性二膦萜烯及其过渡金属配合物 | |
JP2018135292A (ja) | 光学活性アルコールの製造方法及び不斉触媒 | |
Jin et al. | Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes with easily prepared chiral thiazolidine catalysts | |
JP4807549B2 (ja) | シロキサン類,シラノール類及びシラン類,並びにその製造方法 | |
JP2005272339A (ja) | 光学活性ニトロアルコール類の製造法 | |
US11603337B2 (en) | Method for producing optically active substance, optically active substance, method for producing chiral molecule, and chiral molecule |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: SALTIGO GMBH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LANXESS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH Effective date: 20081024 |
|
C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20081024 Address after: Germany Langenfeld Applicant after: Saltigo GmbH Address before: Germany Leverkusen Applicant before: Lanxess Deutschland GmbH |
|
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20060816 |