CN1802731A - 半导体工艺中后蚀刻残留物的去除 - Google Patents
半导体工艺中后蚀刻残留物的去除 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1802731A CN1802731A CNA2004800119301A CN200480011930A CN1802731A CN 1802731 A CN1802731 A CN 1802731A CN A2004800119301 A CNA2004800119301 A CN A2004800119301A CN 200480011930 A CN200480011930 A CN 200480011930A CN 1802731 A CN1802731 A CN 1802731A
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02041—Cleaning
- H01L21/02057—Cleaning during device manufacture
- H01L21/0206—Cleaning during device manufacture during, before or after processing of insulating layers
- H01L21/02063—Cleaning during device manufacture during, before or after processing of insulating layers the processing being the formation of vias or contact holes
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- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
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- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
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- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种从包含低k介电材料的衬底中清洗蚀刻残留物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:使衬底与包含H2SiF6或HBF4、有机溶剂、胺、腐蚀抑制剂和水的成分相接触,所述成分能够使后蚀刻残留物片状脱落并使氧化物损失最小化,并且所述成分具有低于7的pH。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于氟化物的清洗溶液,所述基于氟化物的清洗溶液可有效地用于使后蚀刻残留物(post-etch residue)片状脱落(exfoliating),同时减小与清洗过程相关的所不希望的氧化物损失。
背景技术
在半导体工业中,将含氟化物的化学成分(chemistries)用于原始硅晶片已有多年。公开了用低pH溶液来清洗原始晶片的方法的专利包括美国专利5,560,857、5,645,737、5,181,985、5,603,849和5,705,089。
在前端流程(Front End of Line,FEOL)清洗过程之后,晶片进入到半导体器件的典型后端流程(Back End of Line,BEOL)制造过程,其中所述器件可能是动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、逻辑、可电编程只读存储器(EPROM)、互补型硅上金属(CMOS)等。使用化学反应(液体或等离子体)的蚀刻制备技术已经用作在这样的半导体衬底上形成布线结构的方法。通常,稀释的氢氟酸在所谓的“RCA冲洗”序列中也用作最后过程步骤,以清洗由前述具有金属、阴离子和/或有机残留物的过程步骤所污染的衬底。使用氟化物化学成分(通常是HF)作为最终的RCA清洗步骤会导致硅晶片的表面处于排斥水的疏水状态(表面覆盖有Si-H原子团)。在该步骤期间,一定比例的氧化物表面被溶解(去除)。除非小心地监控条件(时间、温度、溶液成分),否则会损害衬底。
在晶片上沉积光刻胶膜以形成掩膜,然后将衬底设计成像在膜层上,烘烤,并用显影剂将未显影的图像去除。然后通过具有由等离子能所促使的反应蚀刻气体的蚀刻(电介质或金属),将剩余的图像转移到下方的材料。蚀刻剂气体选择性地侵蚀衬底的未保护区域。多年以来,广泛地使用液体或湿法蚀刻化学成分以蚀刻金属、氧化物和电介质。这些化学成分提供了有效的各向同性蚀刻(在所有方向上均等地蚀刻)。等离子蚀刻、反应离子蚀刻或离子研磨(ion milling)被日益使用,而这样的蚀刻过程由等离子气体、反应种类和光刻胶的相互作用而产生所不希望的残留物。残留物的成分(composition)受到蚀刻类型、抗蚀剂、下方的衬底和所使用的过程条件的影响。
如果没有从衬底去除蚀刻残留物,那么残留物可干扰涉及衬底的后续过程。不佳的清洗结果导致低的器件合格率、低的器件可靠性和低的器件性能。
为了满足半导体的更快处理速度的要求,已用Cu或Cu合金取代了用作互连材料的传统的Al或Al合金,通常使用熟知的镶嵌工艺。在衬底上顺次形成阻挡物膜,可以是氮化硅,和低-k膜,然后形成抗蚀剂掩膜。常用的低-K电介质包括CORAL、四乙基原硅酸盐(tetraethylorthosilicate,TEOS)、SiOC、多孔MSQ、SiON和硼磷硅酸盐玻璃(BPSG)。介电常数比p-TEOS膜低的新低-k膜包括由诸如多孔硅石等的无机材料所形成的膜、由诸如聚酰亚胺、聚亚芳香(polyarylene)等的有机材料形成的膜、以及由上述无机及有机材料的混合物所形成的膜。下一步,干法蚀刻所暴露的低-k膜以暴露出阻挡物膜,致使形成通孔洞。此时,用于干法蚀刻的气体的反应产物和低-k膜及抗蚀剂膜作为抗蚀剂残留物而聚集在通孔洞中。然后,通过等离子灰化(ashing)去除抗蚀剂膜,根据灰化期间抗蚀剂对热和等离子体的反应而在低-k膜的表面上留下改变的膜(modified film)。然后,通过用基于氟化物的清洗成分处理而去除抗蚀剂残留物。为了确保抗蚀剂残留物的去除,通常清洗成分具有氢氟酸,所述氢氟酸迅速侵蚀电介质的通孔侧壁并因此改变了器件的尺寸,如Ireland,P.的Thin Solid Films,304,pp.1-12(1997)所述,并且可能已使用了均匀地蚀刻绝缘膜的电介质并扩大了通孔洞。HF通常还会侵蚀介电材料。这样的侵蚀不是所希望的(见Lee,C.and Lee,S.的Solid State Electronics,4,pp.921-923(1997))。随后,被图形化以形成沟槽的抗蚀剂膜形成在低-k膜上,并且,利用抗蚀剂掩膜将低-k膜向下干法蚀刻至其中间位置以形成沟槽。抗蚀剂残留物聚集在通孔洞和沟槽中,所述抗蚀剂残留物是用于干法蚀刻的气体的反应产物和低-k膜。通过等离子灰化去除抗蚀剂膜,并通过用传统的基于氟类型的化合物的清洗成分处理而去除抗蚀剂残留物。传统的清洗成分去除了抗蚀剂残留物,并且还蚀刻了低-k膜的表面,致使通孔洞的内径进一步扩大且沟槽的宽度增大。然后,通过干蚀刻去除阻挡物膜,例如氮化硅,以暴露出所埋入的铜互连。然后,用清洗成分来清洗铜互连的表面。在传统的基于氟化物的清洗成分中,加入诸如苯并三唑(benzotriazole,BTA)的铜腐蚀抑制剂(corrosion inhibitor)以防止铜互连的腐蚀。然而,对于这样的清洗成分会有一个问题,即铜腐蚀的预防干扰了改进抗蚀剂残留物去除作用的努力。最后,通过电镀等将铜填充在通孔洞和沟槽中。
对清洗溶液的要求显示出对处理区域中更有效的化学成分的需求,所述对清洗溶液的要求是指去除因等离子蚀刻不同类型的电介质和金属,诸如铝、铝/硅/铜、钛、氮化钛、钛/钨、钨、硅的氧化物、多晶硅等,而产生的所有类型残留物,同时却不腐蚀或化学改变下方的电介质以及通常的金属。
此外,用于去除光刻胶涂层的剥离成分和用于去除后蚀刻残留物的清洗成分在极大程度上是高度易燃的,一般对人和环境都有害,并包含展现出所不希望的毒性程度的反应溶剂混合物。另外,这些成分不仅有毒,而且其销毁也昂贵,因为可能不得不将它们作为有害废料而销毁。此外,这些成分一般具有严重受限的浴寿命(bath life),且在极大程度上是不可再生的或重复利用的。
声称能减少氧化物损失同时保持清洗能力的无数配方都已被描述过。除了水、有机溶剂和各种添加剂之外,这些成分结合HF、氟化胺或二氟化胺作为氟化物来源。用于控制对电介质的腐蚀和侵蚀的机制包括减少水的含量,将氟化物含量(作为HF)减少到少于0.2%,通常少于0.1%,并将pH控制成接近中性,例如,在4和10之间,通常在5和9之间。
水通常加剧HF腐蚀:硅石在HF/水中具有21/min的蚀刻率(@25℃),但在HF/异丁醇中蚀刻率仅为2.1/min,而在HF/丙酮中蚀刻率仅为0.12/min,如NSF/SRC Eng.Res.Center,Environmentally BenignSemiconductor Manufacturing,Aug.5-7,1998,Stanford University所报导。几种低-k材料可被水改变。极性的有机溶剂,典型地有氨基化合物、醚或其混合物,可部分地或完全地还原水。这些溶剂对于一些衬底而言可能是必要的,但它们较昂贵并造成销毁问题。
稀释的成分在反复使用之后可失去有效性,例如在浴中。最近的信息还显示,稀释的HF溶液在清洗较新的CFx蚀刻残留物时可能无效,如K.Ueno等人的“Cleaning of CHF3 Plasma-Etched SiO2/SiN/Cu ViaStructures with Dilute Hydrofluoric Acid Solutions”,J.Electrochem.Soc.,Vol.144,(7)1997所述。用稀释的HF溶液清洗开启至TiSi2的接触孔也较困难,因为似乎会侵蚀下方的TiSi2层。在狭窄的亲水接触孔中大量输送化学品可能也有困难,如Baklanov,M.R.等人的Proc.Electrochem.So.,1998,97-35,pp.602-609所述。
因此,需要开发出改进了的清洗成分以有效地清洗许多种衬底的许多种沉积物。尤其在集成电路制造领域中,应意识到,对于避免侵蚀被清洗的衬底的改进清洗性能的需求持续增长。这意味着适于清洗较不复杂的集成电路衬底的成分可能在制造过程中不能够对包含更高级集成电路的衬底产生令人满意的结果。清洗成分还应是经济的、环境友好的及易于使用的。
发明内容
在第一实施例中,本发明涉及能使后蚀刻残留物片状脱落并将氧化物损失最小化的成分,包括:(a)H2SiF6、HBF4或两者;(b)有机溶剂;(c)可选的胺(amine);(d)腐蚀抑制剂;以及(e)水,或在另一个实施例中,成分包括:H2SiF6、水以及可选的腐蚀抑制剂。在优选实施例中,成分具有H2SiF6,且pH低于7。
在一个实施例中,成分包含:(a)H2SiF6、HBF4或两者,总浓度的重量百分比从约0.001%至约5%,例如,从约0.3%至约4%;(b)有机溶剂,浓度的重量百分比从约50%至约98%;(c)胺,浓度的重量百分比低于约1.5%;(d)腐蚀抑制剂,浓度的重量百分比从约0.001%至约10%;以及(e)水的平衡。在另一个实施例中,成分包含:(a)H2SiF6、HBF4或两者,总浓度的重量百分比从约0.05%至约3%,例如,从约0.5%至约2%;(b)有机溶剂,浓度的重量百分比从约60%至约95%;(c)胺,浓度的重量百分比低于约1%;(d)腐蚀抑制剂,浓度的重量百分比从约0.05%至约7%;以及(e)水的平衡。在又一个实施例中,成分包含:(a)H2SiF6、HBF4或两者,总浓度的重量百分比从约0.1%至约2%,例如,从约0.7%至约1.7%;(b)有机溶剂,浓度的重量百分比从约75%至约95%;(c)胺,浓度的重量百分比低于约0.5%;(d)腐蚀抑制剂,浓度的重量百分比从约0.1%至约5%;以及(e)水的平衡。在一个实施例中,成分的pH有利地可从大约1至大约6,或从大约1至大约5。
在一个实施例中,成分包含:H2SiF6的重量百分比从约0.001%至约5%,例如,从约0.3%至约4%;可选地,腐蚀抑制剂的浓度的重量百分比从约0.001%至约10%;以及水。水的含量优选地至少约为90%,例如,重量百分比至少为98%。在另一个实施例中,成分包含重量百分比从约0.5%至约2%的H2SiF6和重量百分比从约0.05%至约7%的腐蚀抑制剂。在又一个实施例中,成分包含重量百分比从约0.7%至约1.7%的H2SiF6。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种用本发明的成分来使后蚀刻抗蚀剂残留物片状脱落的方法。在优选实施例中,该方法包括:提供具有由蚀刻而产生的抗蚀剂残留物的衬底;在足以使成分基本上去除抗蚀剂残留物的温度下,用本发明的成分来接触衬底一段时间;以及可选地但优选地冲洗衬底。所述时间可从5秒至30分钟而变动并通常是10秒至15分钟,所述温度可从正好成分的冰点之上至成分的沸点而变动并通常是从室温(ambient)至大约40℃。
除非另有说明,在此所表述的所有百分比都应理解为是指重量百分比。另外,术语“大约”当用于指数值的范围时应理解为是指范围中的任一个值,或是指范围中的两个值。
本发明涉及一种有效地用于去除后蚀刻抗蚀剂残留物的成分。包含:(a)H2SiF6或HBF4;(b)有机溶剂;(c)可选的胺;(d)腐蚀抑制剂;以及(e)水。成分的pH低于7。
在本发明的成分中,通常包括在清洗溶液中的传统氟化物化合物可被包含H2SiF6和HBF4的氟化物化合物有利地取代。如果包含在成分中的H2SiF6或HBF4的数量太低,那么成分使抗蚀剂残留物片状脱落的能力会太弱。因此,在一个优选实施例中,本发明的成分包含H2SiF6或HBF4,浓度的重量百分比从约0.001%至约5%,优选重量百分比从约0.005%至约3%,例如,重量百分比从约0.01%至约2.5%,或重量百分比从约0.1%至约2%。在一个更优选的实施例中,本发明的成分包含H2SiF6,浓度的重量百分比从约0.3%至约4%,优选重量百分比从约0.5%至约2%,例如,重量百分比从约0.7%至约1.7%。
在一个实施例中,成分包含:重量百分比从约0.001%至约5%的H2SiF6;可选的腐蚀抑制剂,浓度的重量百分比从约0.001%至约10%;以及水。水的含量优选地至少约为90%,例如,重量百分比至少为98%。在另一个实施例中,成分进一步包含重量百分比从约0.05%至约7%的腐蚀抑制剂。
此外,本发明的成分的许多实施例也可包含有机溶剂。所述有机溶剂的例子包括但不限于:诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺和N-甲基乙酰胺的酰胺类;诸如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮和N-羟乙基-2-吡咯烷酮的吡咯烷酮类;诸如1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、1,3-二乙基-2-咪唑啉酮的咪唑啉酮类;诸如四甲基脲和四乙基脲的烷基脲类;诸如乙二醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯、二甘醇、二甘醇单甲醚、二甘醇单乙醚、二甘醇单丙醚、二甘醇单丁醚、三甘醇单甲醚、丙二醇、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇单丁醚、二丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇单乙醚、二丙二醇单丙醚、二丙二醇单丁醚、二甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇二乙醚、二甘醇二丙醚、二甘醇二乙醚、二甘醇二丙醚、二甘醇二丁醚和三甘醇二甲醚的多羟基醇类和它们的衍生物;诸如二甲基亚砜和二乙基亚砜的亚砜类;诸如γ-丁内酯和σ-戍内酯的内酯类;诸如乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丙酯和乳酸丁酯的碳酸衍生物;诸如3-甲基-2-噁唑烷酮和3-乙基-2-噁唑烷酮的噁唑烷酮类;和类似物;及它们的组合。应当理解,这里所用的有机溶剂不包括胺类和水。优选的有机溶剂包括酰胺、醚或它们的混合物。最优选的有机溶剂为酰胺,如N-烷基-2-吡咯烷酮。
在一个优选的实施例中,成分所含有的有机溶剂的浓度的重量百分比从约50%至约98%,优选重量百分比从约60%至约95%,例如重量百分比从约75%至约95%,重量百分比从约70%至80%。
可选地,本发明的组分中可包括胺。如上所述,这里使用的胺不定义为有机溶剂。适用于本发明成分的胺的例子包括但不限于:链烷醇胺类诸如单-、二-和三-异丙醇胺、2-(2-氨基乙基氨)-乙醇、2-(2-氨基乙氧基)-乙醇(“DGA”)、2-氨基乙醇(“单乙醇胺”或“MEA”)、2-(N-甲氨基)乙醇(“单甲基乙醇胺”或“NMEA”)、2-氨基-1-丙醇(“单异丙醇胺”或“MIPA”)、2-(N-羟乙基-氨基)-乙醇(“二乙醇胺”或“DEA”)、2-[(2-氨乙基)-(2-羟乙基)-氨基]-乙醇(N,N-双-羟乙基-乙二胺“)、N,N,N-三-(2-羟乙基)-氨(“三乙醇胺”或“TEA”)、N-氨乙基-N′-羟乙基-乙二胺、N,N’-二羟乙基-乙二胺、2-[2-(2-氨基乙氧基)-乙氨基]-乙醇、2-[2-(2-氨基乙氨基)-乙氧基]-乙醇、2-[2-(2-氨基乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙醇、叔丁基二乙醇胺、异丙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、3-氨基-1-丙醇(“正丙醇胺”或“NPA”)、异丁醇胺、2-(2-氨基乙氧基)-丙醇,及类似物,和它们的组合;其它醇胺诸如羟基苯胺(如1-羟基-2-苯胺)、羟胺、羟胺衍生物;及类似物;和它们的组合。
优选的链烷醇胺是两个碳原子连接的链烷醇胺。适用于本发明的两个碳原子连接的链烷醇胺化合物具有结构通式:N-(X,Y)-C(R1,R1’)-C(R2,R2’)-Z-O-R3,其中,R1、R1’、R2、R2’和R3在每种情况下分别为氢或含有1-7个碳原子的直链、支链或环状烃;其中,Z为具有通式(-Q-CR1R1’-CR2CR2’-)m-的基团,其中m为0-3的整数(即当m=0时,在上述通式的-CR2CR2’基团和-OR3基团之间没有原子)、R1、R1’、R2和R2’在每一个重复单元中可分别定义,如果m>1,则在上述为这些部分设定的参数之内,并且Q在每一个重复单元中可分别定义,如果m>1,每一个Q分别为-O-或-NR3-;其中的X和Y在每种情况下分别为氢、C1-C7直链、支链或环状烃,或者是具有通式-CR1R1’-CR2R2’-Z-F的基团,其中的F为-O-R3或者-NR3R4,这里R4的定义与上述R1、R1’、R2、R2’和R3类似,并且Z、R1、R1’、R2、R2’和R3如上定义,或者其中的X和Y连在一起形成C4-C7元环的含氮杂环。
在一个优选的实施例中,成分含有两个碳原子连接的链烷醇胺化合物,其中,m为大于或等于1。在另一个优选的实施例中,成分含有两个碳原子连接的链烷醇胺化合物,其中,m为1,R1、R1’、R2、R2’和R3都是氢或者C1-C4直链或支链烃。在更优选的实施例中,成分含有两个碳原子连接的链烷醇胺化合物,其中:m是1;R1、R1’、R2、R2’和R3都是氢或者C1-C4直链或支链烃;Q是-NR3。在最优选的实施例中,成分含有两个碳原子连接的链烷醇胺化合物,其中,m为1,R1、R1’、R2、R2’和R3都是氢;X和Y分别为氢或直链或支链C1-C4烃;Q是-NH-、-NCH3-或者-N[(C2-C4)直链或支链烃]-。
本发明的羟胺及羟胺衍生物的特征是具有下面的通式N(X,Y)-O-R3,其中,R3是氢或含有1-7个碳原子的直链、支链或环状烃;其中的X和Y分别为氢或含有1-7个碳原子的直链、支链或环状烃,或者其中的X和Y连在一起形成C4-C7元环的含氮杂环。优选地,X、Y和R3分别为氢或者含有1-2个碳原子的烷烃。
本发明羟胺衍生物的例子包括但绝不限于羟胺、N-甲基-羟胺、N,N-二甲基-羟胺、N-乙基-羟胺、N,N-二乙基-羟胺、甲氧胺、乙氧胺、N-甲基-甲氧胺,及类似物。如这里所使用的,羟胺不是有机的,并且羟胺和羟胺衍生物的沸点和闪点(flash point)对配方没有影响。可以理解的是,如上述定义的羟胺及其衍生物可以以盐的形式使用(并且可包括在本发明的成分中),如硫酸盐、硝酸盐,或类似物,或者它们的组合,本发明包括羟胺化合物及其衍生物的这些形式。这些盐能大大增加羟胺衍生物的理论闪点。因此,在另一个实施例中,成分包括羟胺、羟胺的硫酸盐或硝酸盐,或它们的组合。这里所述的配方的子配方中不希望使用羟胺。因此,在一些实施例中,本发明的成分基本不具有羟胺和/或它们的衍生物。此外,羟胺水溶液可购得,即含50%的水,溶液。羟胺衍生物可典型地以更浓缩的形式加以应用,如含有15%水的85%溶液。然而,在某些情况及某些浓度下,并在无水配方中可获得或制备羟胺和/或羟胺衍生物。
在一个优选实施例中,本发明的成分包含水。水在大多数的去除残留物成分中是优选的,且在另一个实施例中,成分主要是水,例如,大于90%。如上所述,在一个可替换的实施例中,本发明的成分基本上没有水。
在一个优选实施例中,胺的浓度的重量百分比可低于1.5%,重量百分比优选低于1%,例如重量百分比低于0.5%。在另一个优选实施例中,当胺存在时,胺的浓度的重量百分比可有利地从约0.005%至约1%,优选重量百分比从约0.01%至约0.5%,例如,重量百分比从约0.05%至约0.15%,重量百分比从约0.1%至约0.2%,或重量百分比约为0.1%。
本发明的成分还可有利地包含腐蚀抑制剂作为组分。腐蚀抑制剂的例子包括但并不限于:铵的硝酸盐;烃取代的铵硝酸盐;苯并三唑;2,4-戍二酮二肟;1,6-二氧代螺环烷基[4,4]壬烷2,7-二酮(二醚);硫脲;硫酸氢铵;胆碱盐类,如硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、氢氧化物,或类似物,或它们的组合;双胆碱盐,如硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、氢氧化物,或类似物,或它们的组合;三胆碱盐,如硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、氢氧化物,或类似物,或它们的组合;甘油;山梨醇(sorbitol);明胶;淀粉;磷酸;硅酸;聚环氧乙烷;聚乙烯亚胺;苯并三唑;镓酸及镓酸酯;羟基乙酸或羟基乙酸酯;糖醇,诸如traitol、赤藓醇、戍五醇、木糖醇(xylitol)、teritol、idetol和半乳糖醇;及类似物;和它们的组合。
在一个优选实施例中,成分包含腐蚀抑制剂,浓度的重量百分比从约0.001%至约10%,优选重量百分比从约0.05%至约7%,例如,重量百分比从约0.1%至约5%,重量百分比从约0.05%至约2%,重量百分比从约4%至约7%,或重量百分比从约4.5%至约5%。
本成分的pH低于8.5且典型地低于7。在一种优选成分中,pH可从大约1至大约6,更优选地从大约1.9至大约5。
当有必要或所希望时,可通过使用pH调节剂来调节pH,所述pH调节剂包括但并不限于:诸如硫磺酸、硝酸、盐酸和磷酸的无机酸;诸如乙酸、丙酸、草酸、乙醇酸和柠檬酸的有机酸;诸如氢氧化物的氨或铵盐;诸如乙(撑)二胺及它们各自的铵盐的有机胺;四(例如,C1-C10烃置换的)铵基;类似的物质;以及其组合(包括pH缓冲物)。所加入的所述pH调节剂的数量可由本领域的普通技术人员根据成分的特定组分而轻易地确定。优选的酸性的pH调节剂是磷酸。
本发明的一种半导体器件制备方法包括在半导体衬底上形成将铜作为其主要组分的金属膜的步骤、在其上形成诸如低-k膜的绝缘膜的步骤、进一步在其上形成抗蚀剂膜的步骤、通过将抗蚀剂膜用作掩膜的干法蚀刻而在绝缘膜中提供孔或沟槽的步骤、通过气体等离子加工或热处理而去除抗蚀剂的步骤,以及使用如上所述的用于去除抗蚀剂的清洗成分的去除步骤,抗蚀剂残留物是由于蚀刻气体、抗蚀剂膜和绝缘膜之间在干法蚀刻时的反应而生成的。用在本发明中的蚀刻气体包括碳氟化合物作为其主要组分,并且由于蚀刻气体、抗蚀剂膜和绝缘膜之间的反应而生成的抗蚀剂残留物,诸如低-k膜,包括抗蚀剂残留物、碳残留物及其合成物。
本发明的另一种半导体器件制备方法包括在半导体衬底上形成将铜作为其主要组分的金属膜的步骤、在其上形成诸如低-k膜的绝缘膜的步骤、进一步在其上形成抗蚀剂膜的步骤、通过将抗蚀剂膜作为掩膜进行干法蚀刻而在绝缘膜中提供孔或沟槽的步骤、以及使用如上所述的用于去除抗蚀剂的清洗成分的去除步骤,剩余的抗蚀剂膜和抗蚀剂残留物是由于蚀刻气体、抗蚀剂膜和绝缘膜之间在干法蚀刻时的反应而生成的。
本成分的残留物清洗成分在从构建在衬底上的多种集成电路中去除有机金属的和所选的金属氧化物的残留物方面一般是有效的,所述衬底例如有:硅;SiGe;诸如GaAs、GaP、InP等的III-V族化合物;诸如TeS的II-VI族化合物;诸如NiFe的磁性材料;诸如用于平面或LC显示的玻璃;或其任意组合,尤其是包括如下的那些衬底:金属和/或金属合金层,可选地具有用于互连的通孔洞特征,诸如包含铝、钛、铜、钽和/或钨的层;氧化物层,诸如氧化硅;氮化物层,诸如氮化硅;氮氧化物层;硅树脂;有机硅聚合物;类似的物质;及其组合。本发明的清洗成分还可有效地用于去除产生在用于制备集成电路的蚀刻设备的衬底上的有机金属残留物和金属氧化物残留物。可从市场上购得的蚀刻设备的例子包括可从Lam Research、Tegal、Electrotech、AppliedMaterials、Tokyo Electron、Hitachi等得到的蚀刻设备。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种利用本发明的成分清洗衬底的方法,所述方法涉及使其上具有有机金属的和/或金属氧化物的残留物的衬底与剥离和清洗成分相接触一段时间,并且是在足以去除残留物的温度下进行。在一个优选实施例中,尤其当衬底是氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物时,可有利地去除残留物而对衬底没有可观察得到的蚀刻,即,蚀刻率在操作条件下为每沉浸分钟约1埃或1埃以下。
在一个实施例中,可将衬底沉浸在本发明的成分中。在一些情形中,当生产线进展被临时打断时,可以抢救那些沉浸在具有非常低蚀刻率的去除剂中的暴露于本发明残留物的衬底,而沉浸在更强烈配方中的那些衬底被毁坏。在可替换的实施例中,可将本发明的成分用于衬底的表面,例如,通过喷射、施加小滴(applying droplets)、涂层、过涂层(过量的成分从衬底流走),或类似的方法,或其组合。
对于本发明的成分在实践中可被使用的时间和温度,并没有特定的限制。例如,本领域的普通技术人员基于诸如抗蚀剂条件和用于成分中的特定组分的因素,可轻易地确定片状脱落时间和片状脱落温度。
本发明还涉及一种使后蚀刻抗蚀剂残留物片状脱落的方法,包括:提供具有因蚀刻而产生的抗蚀剂残留物的衬底;使衬底与本发明的成分相接触一段时间,并且是在足以导致成分基本上去除抗蚀剂残留物的温度下接触;以及冲洗衬底。
可通过使用水溶性的有机溶剂而进行冲洗步骤,所述水溶性的有机溶剂例如有异丙醇、水溶性有机溶剂和水的混合物、或仅使用水(例如,特别纯的、蒸馏-去离子的、或双去离子水)。
具体实施方式
实施例:以下非限制性的例子示意了本发明的某些实施例以及本发明的某些优点。尽管在此仅公开了有限数目的例子,但是对本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可对材料和方法进行许多修改,而并不背离本发明的目的和兴趣。
实施例1:根据表1中的成分准备了成分A。溶液的pH约为1.9。在可从市场上获得的蚀刻设备中用氯化的等离子体蚀刻TEOS(四乙基原硅酸盐)和AlCu衬底。将所得到的具有残留物的金属晶片切成小试样片,然后将试样片沉浸在表1的溶液中,并在大约室温下清洗约5分钟。取出试样片,用去离子水冲洗并用N2气流干燥。用Hitachi 4500FE-SEM进行SEM以评估清洗和氧化物损失。观察到极好的抗蚀剂去除。所观察到的氧化物损失总结在表2中。
表1.成分A
组分 | 所使用的数量(克) | 重量百分比 |
H2SiF6 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
NMP | 75.5 | 79 |
MEA | 0.1 | 0.1 |
木糖醇 | 4.7 | 4.9 |
H2O | 13.9 | 平衡 |
表2.所观察到的氧化物损失
试样 | 处理前的厚度() | 处理后的厚度() | 变化量() |
TEOS#1 | 3011 | 3008 | 3 |
TEOS#2 | 3023 | 3019 | 4 |
TEOS#3 | 2996 | 2990 | 6 |
AlCu#1 | 5121 | 4222 | 899 |
AlCu#2 | 5119 | 4212 | 907 |
AlCu#3 | 5130 | 4219 | 911 |
实施例2:根据表3中的成分准备了成分B。溶液的起始pH为4.2。在可从市场上获得的蚀刻设备中用氯化的等离子体蚀刻TEOS和AlCu衬底。将所得到的具有残留物的金属晶片切成小试样片,然后将试样片沉浸在表1的溶液中以在室温下清洗24小时。取出试样片,用去离子水冲洗并用N2气流干燥。用Hitachi 4500FE-SEM进行SEM以评估清洗和氧化物损失。观察到极好的抗蚀剂去除。所观察到的氧化物损失总结在表4中。
表3.成分B
组分 | 所使用的数量(克) | 重量百分比 |
H2SiF6 | 0.2 | 0.25 |
NMP | 75.5 | 76 |
MEA | 0.1 | 0.1 |
木糖醇 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
H2O | 18.7 | 平衡 |
表4.所观察到的氧化物损失
试样 | 处理前的厚度() | 处理后的厚度() | 变化量() |
TEOS#1 | 3019 | 3016 | 3 |
TEOS#2 | 3010 | 3006 | 4 |
TEOS#3 | 2989 | 2988 | 1 |
AlCu#1 | 5119 | 5024 | 95 |
AlCu#2 | 5189 | 5085 | 104 |
AlCu#3 | 5145 | 5009 | 136 |
在24小时期间,TEOS(氧化物)损失非常低,且金属损失低。
实施例3-21:表5中的成分代表本发明的高-水(high-water)实施例的其它例子。
表5.
实施例 | H2SiF6份数 | 水份数 | pH | 其它组分份数 | 蚀刻率(/min) |
3 | 0.24 | ~99 | 4.6 | 1份木糖醇;Ch(III)以调节pH | ~47(Al)~13(Cu) |
4 | 0.24 | ~99 | 4.6 | 1份纤维醇Ch(III)以调节pH | |
5 | 0.24 | ~99 | 4.6 | Ch(III)以调节pH | |
6 | 0.24 | ~99 | 5.9 | 1份木糖醇Ch(III)以调节pH | ~70(Al) |
7 | 0.25 | ~98 | 5.2 | 1份胆碱氢氧化物 | |
8 | 0.24 | ~99 | 1.4 | 0.25份H3PO3 | ~150(Al) |
9 | 0.24 | ~99 | 1.1 | 0.75份H3PO3 | ~85(Al) |
10 | 0.24 | ~99 | 5.5 | 0.75份H3PO3Ch(III)以调节pH | ~53(Al) |
11 | 0.24 | ~99 | 1.3 | 1份NTMPA | ~24(Al) |
12 | 0.24 | ~99 | 5.2 | 1份NTMPATMAH以调节pH | ~22(Al) |
13 | 0.24 | ~99 | 5.6 | 1份NTMPATEA以调节pH | ~15(Al) |
14 | 0.25 | ~99 | 1.3 | 1.5份NTMPA | ~8.5(Al) |
15 | 0.24 | ~99 | 1.4 | 1份HPA | ~270(Al) |
16 | 0.24 | ~99 | 5.4 | 1份HPACh(III)以调节pH | ~59(Al) |
17 | 0.25 | ~99 | 1份山梨醇 | ||
18 | 0.25 | ~99 | 2份山梨醇 | ||
18 | 0.25 | ~99 | 5份山梨醇 |
*表5中是组分重量的份数。通常,当成分是以份来表述时,总的份数约为100份±约5份。
Ch(III)=三-胆碱氢氧化物(tris-choline hydroxide);NTMPA=在水中的50%次氨基三(亚甲基膦酸)溶液(nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid));TEA=三乙胺;TMAH=四甲基铵氢氧化物;HPA=在水中的50%H3PO2溶液
表5中的成分在30秒至1分钟的时间内清洗低-K材料TEOS是有用的。优选使用这些成分,因为溶剂的缺乏使它们是环境友好的及成本低廉的,并且不存在浴寿命稳定性的问题。然而,H2SiF6的数量在0.5%之下是有益的,例如在0.15%和0.4%之间,举例来说,在0.2%和0.3%之间。
优选的高水实施例基本上没有有机溶剂,具有低于5%,优选低于1%,更优选没有有机溶剂。优选的高水实施例是实施例3,具有少量的木糖醇。将45份的乙烯乙二醇或75份的乙烯乙二醇加入到100份的实施例3的成分中并没有减少铝的腐蚀,事实上反而少量地增加了铝的腐蚀。
加入酸以使pH低于1.5显著增加了铝的腐蚀。用像胆碱的腐蚀抑制剂来增大pH并没有显著保护铝,但是可改善所加入的含磷酸和/或磷酸(phosphoric and/or phosphorous acid)的影响。较容易调节pH的组分是TMAH和TEA,并且令人惊讶的是,当用这些化合物中的任一个将pH调节到5和6之间时,铝的腐蚀显著减少。甚至在非常低的(例如,低于1.5)的pH值下,基于膦酸盐(phosphonate-based)的腐蚀抑制剂(例如,次氨基三(亚甲基膦酸))在数量低于0.5%时削减金属腐蚀是有效的。
实施例3至18的成分可用于单个晶片的清洗应用,因为已显示它们展示出低的TEOS蚀刻率及可接受的Cu蚀刻率,清洗时间少于1分钟,同时相对环境友好,相对低成本及相对稳定。此外,这些成分可以可选地包括有机溶剂,例如,乙烯乙二醇,以增强清洗抗蚀剂的能力。
Claims (26)
1.一种从包含低k介电材料的衬底清洗蚀刻残留物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
使所述衬底与包含:(a)H2SiF6;(b)有机溶剂;(c)胺;(d)腐蚀抑制剂和(e)水的成分在足以导致所述成分基本上去除残留物的温度下相接触一段时间,其中所述成分能使后蚀刻残留物片状脱落并能使氧化物损失最小化,并且其中所述成分具有低于7的pH。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述成分包含:(a)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.001%至约5%的H2SiF6;(b)浓度的成分重量百分比从约50%至约98%的有机溶剂;(c)浓度的成分重量百分比低于约1.5%的胺;(d)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.001%至约10%的腐蚀抑制剂;以及(e)水的平衡。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述成分包含:(a)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.05%至约3%的H2SiF6;(b)浓度的成分重量百分比从约60%至约95%的有机溶剂;(c)浓度的成分重量百分比低于约1%的胺;(d)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.05%至约7%的腐蚀抑制剂;以及(e)水的平衡。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述成分包含:(a)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.1%至约2%的H2SiF6;(b)浓度的成分重量百分比从约75%至约95%的有机溶剂;(c)浓度的成分重量百分比低于约0.5%的胺;(d)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.1%至约5%的腐蚀抑制剂;以及(e)水的平衡。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述成分的pH从大约1至大约7。
6.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述成分的pH从大约3至大约6。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括冲洗所述衬底的步骤。
8.如权利要求6至7中任一项所述的方法,其中所述成分包含从约0.3%至约4%的H2SiF6。
9.如权利要求6至7中任一项所述的方法,其中所述成分包含从约0.2%至约2%的H2SiF6。
10.一种从包含低k介电材料的衬底清洗蚀刻残留物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
使所述衬底与包含:(a)HBF4;(b)有机溶剂;(c)胺;(d)腐蚀抑制剂和(e)水的成分在足以导致所述成分基本上去除残留物的温度下相接触一段时间,其中所述成分能使后蚀刻残留物片状脱落并能使氧化物损失最小化,并且其中所述成分具有低于7的pH。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述成分包含:(a)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.001%至约5%的HBF4;(b)浓度的成分重量百分比从约50%至约98%的有机溶剂;(c)浓度的成分重量百分比低于约1.5%的胺;(d)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.001%至约10%的腐蚀抑制剂;以及(e)水的平衡。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法,包含:(a)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.05%至约3%的HBF4;(b)浓度的成分重量百分比从约60%至约95%的有机溶剂;(c)浓度的成分重量百分比低于约1%的胺;(d)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.05%至约7%的腐蚀抑制剂;以及(e)水的平衡。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法,包含:(a)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.1%至约2%的HBF4;(b)浓度的成分重量百分比从约75%至约95%的有机溶剂;(c)浓度的成分重量百分比低于约0.5%的胺;(d)浓度的成分重量百分比从约0.1%至约5%的腐蚀抑制剂;以及(e)水的平衡。
14.如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述成分的pH从大约1至大约6。
15.如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述成分的pH从大约1至大约5。
16.如权利要求14至15中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括冲洗所述衬底的步骤。
17.一种从包含低k介电材料的衬底清洗蚀刻残留物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
使所述衬底与包含:(a)H2SiF6;(b)水和(c)腐蚀抑制剂的成分在足以导致所述成分基本上去除残留物的温度下相接触一段时间,其中所述成分能使后蚀刻残留物片状脱落并能使氧化物损失最小化,并且其中所述成分具有低于7的pH。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述腐蚀抑制剂是多聚糖。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述腐蚀抑制剂选自由木糖醇、山梨醇和纤维醇构成的组。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述腐蚀抑制剂是有机膦酸盐。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述腐蚀抑制剂是次氨基三(亚甲基膦酸)。
22.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述腐蚀抑制剂是胆碱氢氧化物、三-胆碱氢氧化物或其组合。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述pH在大约5和大约6之间。
24.如权利要求17至23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述成分基本上没有有机溶剂。
25.如权利要求17至23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述成分基本上由(a)H2SiF6;(b)水和(c)腐蚀抑制剂构成。
26.如权利要求17至25中任一项所述的成分,其中所述H2SiF6的数量的重量百分比从约0.2%至约0.3%。
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Also Published As
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TW200428512A (en) | 2004-12-16 |
US7479474B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
JP2006526895A (ja) | 2006-11-24 |
EP1620882A1 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
CN100442449C (zh) | 2008-12-10 |
US20050245409A1 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
WO2004100245A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
KR20060014388A (ko) | 2006-02-15 |
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