CN108166002B - 一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液及其使用工艺 - Google Patents
一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液及其使用工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液及其使用工艺,属于化学清洗工艺技术领域,特别涉及到一种适用于化学清洗的除油漂洗洗液及其使用工艺。本发明包括以下成分0.1‑0.2%环己六醇磷酸酯、双氧水、聚酰胺‑胺、0.05‑0.1%有机酸缓蚀剂、氨水。该技术方案不仅将除油、漂洗、钝化三个步骤简化成一步,具有98%以上除油率,漂洗钝化效果优良,环保高效、工期和废液少、成本低的优点,此外还具有独特的使用性能和众多优势,因此,具有较大的应用市场、值得大力推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学清洗工艺技术领域,特别涉及到一种适用于化学清洗的除油漂洗洗液及其使用工艺。
背景技术
锅炉化学清洗是保证锅炉安全、经济、稳定运行的重要技术措施。《火力发电厂锅炉化学清洗导则》(DL/T 794—2012)在规范化学清洗技术、确保热力设备沉积物清除效果、节能减耗等方面发挥了重要的作用。导则中,锅炉化学清洗分为6步,避免二次浮锈的漂洗工艺和在金属基体表面形成钝化膜的钝化工艺是两个独立步骤。由于漂洗和钝化之间需要转换(系统升温、换水)且漂洗与钝化时间较长,因此,总化学清洗时间通常在40~60小时,另一方面,钝化药剂通常是强氧化剂和还原剂,具有强挥发性、致癌性和环境破坏性、难于处理、需要温度高等缺点。随着环保和安全生产意识的增强,对锅炉化学清洗中漂洗、钝化的工艺和药剂改进显得越来越重要。
化学清洗常规步骤包括8步:水冲洗及水压试验、充过热器保护液、碱洗、碱洗后水冲洗、酸洗、酸洗后水冲洗、漂洗、钝化。《火力发电厂锅炉化学清洗导则》中明确给出了16种酸洗工艺、1种漂洗工艺、7种钝化工艺。在长期的清洗实践摸索,发现存在着如下需改进的地方:1)漂洗工艺单一,且对酸洗后水冲洗效果要求较高;2)钝化过程中氨水用量大,漂洗温度在50~80℃,漂洗时间2小时,加上配药、升温等,整漂洗工作时间通常持续6~8小时;3)单一柠檬酸漂洗铁离子含量较高;4)、除油、漂洗、钝化分三步进行,导致清洗周期较长。5)7种钝化工艺中,5种钝化温度较高,其余两种钝化工艺具有显著的局限性:亚硝酸钠具有致癌性,高浓度双氧水易分解、挥发,对人体伤害大。6)钝化膜质量不高。
因此现有技术当中亟需要一种新型的技术方案来解决这一问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:一种适用于热力设备化学清洗的低温除油漂洗钝化一体化工艺,其目的是在保证或提升化学清洗质量的基础上,简化化学清洗步骤或程序。
一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液,包括以下成分0.1-0.2%环己六醇磷酸酯、双氧水、聚酰胺-胺、0.05-0.1%有机酸缓蚀剂、氨水。
进一步的,所述成分以质量计原料比为:
进一步的,所述成分以质量计原料比为:
更进一步的,所述双氧水为0.3%的双氧水。
一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗钝化一体化工艺,使用如权利要求1所述的一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液,且包括以下步骤:
步骤一、对锅炉进行水冲洗及水压试验3-5小时;
步骤二、给锅炉充过热器保护液;
步骤三、对锅炉进行酸洗8-12h;
步骤四、对锅炉进行水冲洗4-6h;
步骤五、使用一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液在30-40℃的下对锅炉进行漂洗钝化;
步骤六、用清水对锅炉进行清洗。
进一步的,所述步骤五的漂洗钝化时长为1-2h。
通过上述设计方案,本发明可以带来如下有益效果:
1.环己六醇磷酸酯络合能力很大,对pH值、温度依赖性很小,且络合或螯合环稳定性高。
利用环己六醇磷酸酯分子结构中六个磷酸基、12个羟基,其中4个呈酸性基、2个呈中酸性基、6个呈强酸性基的特有结构,具有极大的络合能力(是EDTA及其盐类的3-4倍)使金属盐均可定性沉淀的优点。即使在低温、(强)酸性条件下,环己六醇磷酸酯也能与金属铁基体形成稳定的络合物(多螯合环),此外,其络合螯合物稳定性能高,具有很好抗蚀性,且和金属间的粘合性优良。
2.环己六醇磷酸酯降低了酸洗后水冲洗的技术要求,并能够依靠络合降低金属离子含量而大幅降低金属对金属基体的腐蚀。
环己六醇磷酸酯可使得酸洗后水冲洗终点的pH值(4-4.5)、全铁含量(不大于50mg/L)这一技术要求,可以较大幅度放宽,根据试验证明,即使酸洗后水冲洗终点的pH值(3)、三价铁含量(650mg/L)时,均对在环己六醇磷酸酯等药品加入后,全铁含量迅速下降至20mg/L以下,pH值升至5以上。
3.环己六醇磷酸酯具有进一步确保双氧水的稳定性,减少双氧水的分解。
4.双氧水的氧化性使得铁的低价物质快速氧化成三价,高价金属物质更易于与环己六醇磷酸酯反应。
5.利用双氧水的强氧化性可以使钝化膜为强氧化性钝化膜,膜质致密,完整,均匀性好,防护失效性长达50-60天,能够最大限度地降低化学清洗后因钝化膜质量差异导致的局部活化-钝化膜腐蚀体系的形成。
6.该复合药剂主要依靠分散、络合和氧化机理,不以酸度作为漂洗依据,因此对缓蚀剂性能没有特殊的要求,因此极低浓度的常规有机缓蚀剂就可以满足技术要求。
7.20-200mg/L聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)具有极好的分散性和乳化性、和较好的络合能力,因此,不仅有利于辅助环己六醇磷酸酯络合,还能够很好地对金属离子等物质进行分散,不引起局部沉积。
8.聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)具有很好的分散除油效果,可以简化酸洗前的碱洗除油程序,因此,工艺集除油、漂洗、钝化功能于一体,大幅简化了工艺步骤,缩短了时间,并减少了清洗废液。
9.聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)是稳定高分子物质,分子呈树枝状,具有很大的表面积,是较好的反应催化载体,因此,进一步缩短了整个过程反应时间。
10.由于催化络合、催化氧化反应迅速,且漂洗钝化同时进行,因此,漂洗钝化总时间将至1-2小时。
11.随着环己六醇磷酸酯反应消耗,pH值会逐渐上升,因此调节pH值得的氨水等物质用量很少。
12.该复合配方,协同效应好,兼具除油、漂洗、钝化功能于一体,但药品用量节省1/6。
综上所述,该技术方案不仅将除油、漂洗、钝化三个步骤简化成一步,具有98%以上除油率,漂洗钝化效果优良,环保高效、工期和废液少、成本低的优点,此外还具有独特的使用性能和众多优势,因此,具有较大的应用市场。
具体实施方式
一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液,包括以下成分0.1-0.2%环己六醇磷酸酯、双氧水、聚酰胺-胺、0.05-0.1%有机酸缓蚀剂、氨水。
进一步的,所述成分以质量计原料比为:
进一步的,所述成分以质量计原料比为:
更进一步的,所述双氧水为0.3%的双氧水。
一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗钝化一体化工艺,使用一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液,且包括以下步骤:
步骤一、对锅炉进行水冲洗及水压试验3-5小时;
步骤二、给锅炉充过热器保护液;
步骤三、对锅炉进行酸洗8-12h;
步骤四、对锅炉进行水冲洗4-6h;
步骤五、使用一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液在30-40℃的下对锅炉进行漂洗钝化;
步骤六、用清水对锅炉进行清洗。
进一步的,所述步骤五的漂洗钝化时长为1-2h。
实施例1
一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液,使用以下成分配置:
使用该漂洗洗液,对锅炉进行以下操作:
步骤一、对锅炉进行水冲洗及水压试验3小时;
步骤二、给锅炉充过热器保护液;
步骤三、对锅炉进行酸洗8h;
步骤四、对锅炉进行水冲洗4h;
步骤五、使用一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液在30-40℃的下对锅炉进行漂洗钝化1h;
步骤六、用清水对锅炉进行清洗。
实施例2
一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液,使用以下成分配置:
使用该漂洗洗液,对锅炉进行以下操作:
步骤一、对锅炉进行水冲洗及水压试验5小时;
步骤二、给锅炉充过热器保护液;
步骤三、对锅炉进行酸洗12h;
步骤四、对锅炉进行水冲洗6h;
步骤五、使用一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液在30-40℃的下对锅炉进行漂洗钝化2h;
步骤六、用清水对锅炉进行清洗。
Claims (3)
2.一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗钝化一体化工艺,其特征在于,使用如权利要求1所述的一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液,且包括以下步骤:
步骤一、对锅炉进行水冲洗及水压试验3-5小时;
步骤二、给锅炉充过热器保护液;
步骤三、对锅炉进行酸洗8-12h;
步骤四、对锅炉进行水冲洗4-6h;
步骤五、使用如权利要求1所述的一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗洗液在30-40℃的下对锅炉进行漂洗钝化;
步骤六、用清水对锅炉进行清洗。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于化学清洗的低温除油漂洗钝化一体化工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤五的漂洗钝化时长为1-2h。
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