CN1798528B - 动力型固定装置 - Google Patents

动力型固定装置 Download PDF

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CN1798528B
CN1798528B CN2004800148338A CN200480014833A CN1798528B CN 1798528 B CN1798528 B CN 1798528B CN 2004800148338 A CN2004800148338 A CN 2004800148338A CN 200480014833 A CN200480014833 A CN 200480014833A CN 1798528 B CN1798528 B CN 1798528B
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implanting device
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斯蒂芬·里特兰德
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7002Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
    • A61B17/7019Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7002Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
    • A61B17/7004Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7002Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
    • A61B17/701Longitudinal elements with a non-circular, e.g. rectangular, cross-section
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7002Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
    • A61B17/7011Longitudinal element being non-straight, e.g. curved, angled or branched
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae

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Abstract

提供一种动态固定装置,其允许其连接于的椎骨在正常的生理活动限制内弯曲活动,同时还提供了限制平移活动量超出正常生理限制的结构支撑。本发明包括柔性部分和用于连接椎弓根螺钉的两端。

Description

动力型固定装置
技术领域
本发明一般性地涉及固定装置,更加特别地涉及一种可伸缩杆或装置,能够沿着其一部分柔性地将椎骨固定在一起。
背景技术
腰脊柱吸收了正常活动期间大量的压迫和运动。对于大多数人,机体的康复反应能够克服损伤、疲劳、以及老化的积累效果,而仍保持适当功能的稳定性。然而,在某些情况下,损伤或压迫超过了机体康复的能力,导致局部的损坏或过度磨损,且经常还会导致局部的松动(instability)。因此,随着年龄加在腰脊柱的基线骨骼上的退化变化对某些患者导致了包括松动、疼痛和神经损害在内的问题。在某些情况下,局部的骨骼无法为运动节段提供相同的保护,由此加重了这种损坏。尽管康复、训练、限制压力、以及通过时间恢复对于大多数患者是有效治疗,但对于持续疼痛、残疾和潜在神经缺陷仍有较大的无效率。
现在参照图1和2,其示出了一对相邻的脊椎体的两幅侧视图。图1示出了中间位置下脊椎的两块脊骨V1和V2。如图2所示,在人向前倾斜时,脊椎承受弯曲。脊椎前面的部分包括一组一个叠在另一个之上的通常为圆柱形的骨头。椎骨的这些部分称作脊椎体VB1和VB2,且其每一个通过椎间盘D彼此分开。椎弓P1和P2包括将前脊椎体VB连接至每块椎骨后部的骨桥。在每个椎间关节或盘D处,弯曲包括前部的纵向旋转和小幅度的前部平移的组合。
椎间关节是一种复杂的结构,其包括前面的椎间盘和后面成对的椎骨关节突关节。盘起着在椎骨之间的弹性支撑和连接的作用,并允许脊柱弯曲和伸展,以及有限的转动和平移。椎骨关节突关节和相关骨骼允许显著的弯曲和延伸,同时提供对平移和转动的限制。
腰脊柱的主要弯曲运动是前/后平面的弯曲和伸展。这发生在弯曲和伸展的近似10至15度的范围内。在年轻或正常的腰脊椎中,这种运动的发生是相对盘的后部中间处的轴。这与10至15mm的小关节或后部单元的分散和脱位相关。这不是关于纯轴进行,而是围绕中间区、或与腰间盘相关的旋转形心进行。盘、关节和韧带的正常弹性,以及这些关节相关的活动或自由度,连同施加于脊骨的负荷的性质对于此旋转区域的大小有贡献。在某些情况下,盘的经常负荷和运动、以及对盘和运动节段的相关创伤超出康复或机体修复的自然速度。在这样的条件下,会有与旋转的正常轴损失相关的运动节段损坏。随着节段运动发生了增大的脱位,存在旋转轴的显著移动,而位移发生在盘间隙内或经常到盘外的某些点。因此,在损坏运动阶段情形下,存在旋转形心的损坏和椎骨节段的相关平移。这种平移由发生盘内的损坏以及与磨损和椎骨关节突关节的退化相关的松动产生。运动节段和关节下面的组织使得在盘上有明显更大的压力并加快盘和关节的退化。
通常,外科治疗已经引导到治疗神经损害,或者疼痛、松动、或松动的风险足够大,已经考虑节段接合(segmental fusion)。近来,已经在过去几年来尝试了坚固处置,包括人造盘和韧带以及弹性构造,从而保护脊柱。为使功能最大化并降低对相邻节段上的动态效果的关节造形术是具有更低长期积累结果的更新的手段。设计这种系统的挑战在于限制正常生理范围内的运动。
目前的脊柱固定系统有几个缺点。刚性的接合构造不允许使用包括椎弓根螺钉、连接器机构和刚性杆接合的椎骨之间的相对运动。另外,刚性移植物已知在包括椎弓根螺钉和杆在内的该构造的部件、以及骨结构自身上形成了相当大量的压力。这些压力甚至会使刚性杆折断。另外,传递到椎弓根螺钉的压力会使螺钉松动或者甚至从椎骨脱出,由此使得其它的骨骼受损。
脊椎接合外科是接合脊椎的至少两个活动节段从而将其连接在一起如同一个单元并消除节段之间运动的方法。动态固定装置为准弹性、半刚性固定结构,其允许连接于该动态固定装置的椎骨之间一定尺寸的运动。腰脊椎的动态固定提供了保护腰椎结构并允许无需进行腰椎关节固定术的康复的方式。对该系统的限制与诸如用于接合的刚性或近刚性结构有些不同。
当前,椎弓根固定是一种已经接受的固定脊椎的方法。在腰椎接合的情形中,相对刚性的结构适于固定脊椎和便于骨结构的康复。在为腰椎结构提供保护的情形下,柔性结构适于限制但不阻止腰椎部件的运动。该系统中的柔性元件需要实现几个目的。主要目的在于允许脊椎的生理运动,同时保护避免过度或非生理的活动。其次要考虑的在于保护椎弓根的固定免受会让其在骨接合部的固定松脱的不适当的压迫。
人造盘可以替换失效的盘,且接近正常的旋转形心或轴;然而该装置的放置对技术要求高,且通过机械替换替换正常的盘带来不确定的长期结果。人造盘将经历磨损而没有机体的修复自身的康复能力。
对于某些患者,还可以预期一种脊椎植入系统,其允许脊柱在人体的重量下自然地固定。人骨在某些压强下更易康复。在刚性的脊椎植入系统中,患者的脊柱会不自然地保持与植入物分开。这可能会彼此相对拉伸椎骨,导致骨头康复的延迟或不完全。
设置有椎弓根固定的在后面的装置可以提供一些稳定性,然而,该装置的自然运动未必一定能模仿正常生理而动作。在健康的腰脊椎中,旋转轴或运动的中性区位于第三腰间盘下后附近。期望的人造系统将更近似于生理运动。然而,至今,后系统还无法解决这些事情。
几个现存的专利公开了具有至少某些局部弯曲能力的接合装置。例如,美国专利No.5,415,551公开了一种包括曲线杆的装置。该曲线形状设计为提供特定量的弯曲能力,使得植入物推测上会恢复容纳该植入物的脊柱的椎骨的生物机械功能。然而,’661专利未公开具有0至180度之间曲率半径的曲线形状以外的结构的装置。另外,’661专利未公开提供前投影轴枢点的概念,其中前投影轴枢点通过使用提供与由患者椎骨提供的旋转区域一致的虚拟旋转区域的结构而模仿目标椎骨的自然关节。另外,如’661专利的图3所见,’661专利公开的装置采用具有中心截面10的主体4,该截面10具有相对于其端部6a和6b的前取向的位置。
美国专利No.6,293,949也公开了一种可弯曲脊椎固定装置,其包括一纵向部分,该纵向部分包括一系列具有褶皱外观的形状。’949专利中公开的装置应沿颈椎骨使用,且其应沿椎骨的前侧安装。
美国专利No.6,440,169公开了连接于两个椎骨的多刺突起并具有片簧的装置,其中片簧允许该装置压缩并随后在压迫停止后同时恢复。然而,’169专利没有提出这样的结构,其包括在脊椎经历弯曲时允许椎骨接合的前投影轴枢点。
由上可见,对长期存在且未解决的,能避免现有技术的上述不足并提供应用相对简单且需要身体组织最小移动或切除的有效系统的方法和系统,存在需要。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种装置,其可以实施且提供特定量向前弯曲运动,由此允许在容纳植入物的椎骨之间向前沿弧矢向旋转。说明书因此结合了运动的传统说明术语,以及在Churchill Livingstone1999年出版的第三版的Nikolai Bogduk著的Clinical Anatomy of Lumbar Spine and Sacrum的其它内容。尽管椎骨之间向前沿弧矢向旋转或弯曲是正常的,椎骨之间明显的向前沿弧矢向平移或滑动运动却不是。由此,通过允许一定量的旋转运动同时保护免于平移,可以保护患者的状况或损伤,由此促进治疗过程,同时由此提供相对于邻近的椎骨旋转一块椎骨的能力,由此使得在外科手术和康复后改善脊柱运动。因此,如此处所述,提出包括多个具有柔性部分的杆构造的各种植入物,其提供了一种具有伸长和弯曲能力的装置。由此,本发明的第一方面在于提供一种伸长的装置,本发明的第二方面在于提供一种弯曲的装置。更加具体而言,本发明为动态固定装置,其包括柔性杆部分,其中柔性杆部分可以包括以下中的一个或多个:细截面的杆,弯曲杆部,几何形状,以及铰链部分。这些动态固定装置由适合的尺寸、几何形状的材料构成,且具有机械性质,使得其弯曲,由此允许与植入物相关的椎骨相对于另一块椎骨旋转,类似于正常脊柱的运动。
腰脊柱的正常瞬时旋转轴通常在第三盘下后部。脊柱的传统椎弓根固定杆和板通常设置在椎骨关节突关节的背面或关节后。因此,考虑有效地将此旋转点向前朝向生理轴移动的构造是恰当的。
存在一组几何形状,其若用于后装置,将限制节段半脱位和保持在正常的区域或靠近其或在旋转轴中旋转。这种使用特征是要将压力和运动限制在一范围内,这样将允许机体的正常康复反应,从而保持运动节段的足够能力从而避免松动或神经损害的发展且使疼痛或关节炎最小化。该些重要特征允许维护生理运动而没有与退化的盘相关的并会导致进一步退化的不正常的半脱位或平移。由此,本发明的其它方面在于提供能限制过分的半脱位或平移的构造。
尽管,该与可能施加的压迫的范围的运动是很复杂的,但其可以提供一种装置,使得在压缩时,移动是轴向的或通过稍微在背侧平移来实现,且在弯曲时,使得后部单元的分离和稍微的纵向平移允许相对盘的后部旋转。
因此,本发明的一个方面在于提供一种装置,其允许某些有限的运动,由此降低设置在植入物各个部件、以及受影响的椎骨上的压迫。本发明的另一方面在于提供一种装置,其运动设计为模仿脊柱的弯曲运动。本发明的几个实施例实现了该些目的。
本发明的其它方面在于提供一种构造,其在几何上容纳人体脊柱组织,同时提供结构部件,该部件提供了旋转的前投影区域。
在第一实施例中,可以使用可植入弹性材料,或者可以使用适当成形和减薄从而起弹簧或支点作用的外科植入合金。适合的成形和造型的柔性杆部允许柔性杆部材料在其弹性范围内工作和避免应力失效。另外,本发明的此方面允许控制运动如何发生。更加具体而言,这一特征提供不必在杆中心的旋转虚轴,由此允许植入物更加接近脊柱的正常生理。由此,在此提供的第一实施例中,减薄和/或平整杆将允许发生简单的弯曲。随着平的节段伸长,可允许逐渐更大的平移。
在此处提出的第二实施例中,利用柔性杆部上更复杂的弯曲允许弯曲和受控的平移,以及若轴加载在脊柱上时将轴稳定。沿着曲线控制减薄的区域允许控制柔性杆部在受负荷时如何弯曲。另外,沿着曲线可变地调整减薄提供了控制平移的能力、以及由此精细调整有效旋转轴。另外,形成弯曲而非平坦的部分使得具有选择性地改变弯曲对伸长的弯曲特性的调整能力,由此允许医师控制节段移动。
在又一不同实施例中,使用双中间部分从而提供对旋转额外的控制,或允许无旋转的平移。双中间部分包括弧形部件和倒T形部件。该些部件适当的减薄或充分平整,从而允许控制弯曲中的弯折。由此,双部件可以采用不同的形状从而实现适合的弯曲特性。
对于上述装置,第一和第二杆臂连接于柔性结构的任何一端,二杆臂的另一端连接于连接器,其又连接插在脊椎椎骨中的椎弓根螺钉。在弯曲和伸展期间,每块椎骨表现出相对于下面椎骨的弧向运动。弧的中心位于活动椎骨下。动态接合装置提供一种装置,其用于允许椎骨移动,具有模仿和基本与该装置连接于的椎骨的实际旋转轴点对齐的向前投射轴点位置。因此,动态接合装置提供了用于接合的可弯曲的杆,其模仿脊柱椎骨的移动。
本发明的各个实施例的动态部分随着其压缩时伸长和缩短而伸展。这些特性允许该装置利用椎弓根螺钉系统植入脊柱内,同时实际构造在脊柱的背面,这将允许脊柱的效果如同在脊柱的前柱中有柔性构造。
使用中,有问题的脊椎盘开始由医师确定。在外科手术期间,透过覆盖在脊椎植入物位置上的皮肤和肌肉形成切口。随后,向第一椎骨中插入第一椎弓根螺钉,向第二椎骨中插入第二椎弓根螺钉。随后,外科医师随后使用可调连接器或端部连接器将动态固定装置连接于椎弓根螺钉,其一体地形成为动态固定装置的一部分。
通过下面的介绍,特别是结合附图将使本发明的其它优点变得明显易懂。
附图说明
图1为处于中间位置的两块椎骨的侧面透视图;
图2为弯曲状况下图1所示的两块椎骨的侧面透视图;
图3为与椎弓根螺钉连接使用的动态固定装置的第一实施例的侧视图;
图4为图3所示的装置的杆部的第一端的截面图;
图5为图3所示的第一实施例的改进型的侧视图;
图6为图3所示的第一实施例的又一不同改进型的侧视图;
图7为图3所示的第一实施例的再一不同改进型的侧视图;
图8a至8h示出了不同潜中心部分的截面图;
图9示出了动态固定装置的不同实施例;
图10示出了动态固定装置的不同实施例;以及
图11a至11f示出了不同潜中间部分的截面图。
具体实施方式
虽然将参照附图在下面更加全面地介绍本发明,其中附图中示出了植入的特定实施例和方法,现在应理解,本领域技术人员可以对在此介绍的本发明进行改动同时实现本发明的功能和结果。因此,下面的介绍应被理解为在本发明的宽广范围内对具体结构、方面和特征的说明和示例,且不视为限制该宽广范围。
如上所述,在每个椎间连接或盘D处,弯曲包括向前沿弧矢旋转和小幅度向前平移的组合。本发明的各个实施例允许控制旋转同时将平移限制在可接受的、正常生理范围内。
现在参照图3,其示出了动态固定系统1的第一实施例。动态固定装置1包括具有第一端12、中间部分14、以及第二端16的杆部10。杆部10的第一端12和第二端16优选连接于连接器18a、18b,其接着连接于椎弓根螺钉20,而在该装置用于固定椎骨时如虚线所示的椎弓根螺钉20插在椎骨的椎弓根中。在本实施例的一个示例中,如图3所示,杆部10在第一端12连接于连接器18a。位于第一端12的连接器18a是一体地形成为杆部10的一部分的类型。或者,连接器可以是独立性的连接器,其可以选择性地沿着杆部10的长度定位。例如,在杆部10的第二端16处的连接器18b可以选择性地调整且可以在沿着第二端16的多个位置通过在紧固连接器18b之前在连接器18b的箍17内滑动调节第二端16的位置而连接于杆部10,从而在连接器18b内互锁第二端16的位置。
中间部分14可以具有图3所示的固定截面积。或者,如图3所示,截面可以沿着杆部10的长度变化。图3示出了杆部10其具有截面宽度小于第一端12或第二端16处杆部10截面宽度的中间部分14。在本实施例的一个示例中,杆部10具有第一端12的圆形截面和第二端16的圆形截面。图4示出了杆部10在第一端12处的可能截面。如图3所示,这与位于第二端16的截面相同,其通常直径约5mm。
现在参照图5,动态固定装置1’示出了第一实施例的改型,其中截面积在第一端12与第二端16之间沿着中间部分14的长度改变。如图5所示,可以使用连续变化的截面积,其中截面的轮廓沿着中间部分14的长度连续变化。更加具体而言,图5示出了第一实施例的本改型的一个示例,其中中间部分的宽度从第一端12和/或第二端16处的其最宽直径开始变化,并向中间部分14的中心附近逐渐变细。
现在参照图6,中间部分14的截面轮廓可以在不连续的点处变化。图6示出了第一实施例的又一不同改进。动态固定装置1”’示出了这种可变轮廓的示例,其中沿着中间部分14提供逐步变化的截面积。如图6所示,中间部分14可以包括第一端12和第二端16处的第一宽度,中间区域21处的第二宽度,以及中心区域22处的第三宽度。
现在参照图7,在又一替代改进中,动态固定装置1IV包括类似扭转带的中间部分14。中间部分14可以延其宽度均匀或可变,且沿其长度扭转。
上述可选构造提供了不同的弯曲特性,诸如相对仅纯弯曲,允许一定量的扭转的能力。依据患者的情况,主治医师可以期望采用具有这些不同轮廓中之一的植入物来提供对患者椎骨的动态固定。
现在参照图8a至8h,没有限制,杆部10中间部分14的截面可以是多种不同形状,且该些形状可以改变截面积。优选,中间部分14具有约2至3mm的厚度,约5mm的宽度。然而,尺寸将根据具体患者所需的具体设计变化。更具体而言,中间部分14的尺寸对于重量越大的人越厚,与纤小的妇女的需要相反。另外,用于构造中间部分14的材料类型也将影响中间部分14所需的尺寸。杆部10可以由各种材料制成,优选为金属或表现出弹性特性的材料,且更加优选地,钛合金或外科用不锈钢。另外,可以使用各种材料的组合或叠层。例如,中间部分14其中心可以由具有弹性或类似橡胶性质的材料形成,而足够厚的柔性金属包层基本抵抗平移运动。这种构造允许在弯曲期间旋转弯折和伸长,同时防止盘承受超出正常生理限制的平移运动。由于不同的材料具有不同的强度和弹性性质,所用材料的类型将部分地规定在特定患者中实现一定功能需要的杆部的尺寸。
如图8a所示,杆部10中间部分14的截面可以是伸长的椭圆形。或者,如图8b所示,中间部分14的截面可以是扁平矩形。在又一替代变化中,中间部分14可以类似蝴蝶结,如图8c所示,或图8d所示的扁平六边形。图8e示出了具有圆形截面的中间部分14,但是足够小使得其提供弯曲或弯折的能力。图8f至8h示出了具有变化宽度的截面,其为与图8c所示结构共通的特征。图8h为新月形的中间部分14。由此,中间部分14可以是各种不同的形状,且仍提供必需的柔性从而允许脊柱受控、有限的弯曲。
中间部分14适合的形状和造型允许杆部10在其弹性范围内实现功能和避免应力失效。另外,中间部分14提供一其中心不必位于杆部10处的旋转虚轴,由此允许植入物更接近脊柱的正常生理。
现在参照图9,其示出了动态固定装置的不同实施例。图9所示的动态固定装置24在中间区域14内包括倒T形弹簧。如图3所示的动态固定装置1,杆部10的第一端12和第二端16分别互连于连接器18a和18b,其接着连接于安装在椎骨椎弓根中的椎弓根螺钉20。如同动态固定装置1,用于动态固定装置24的连接器18a和18b可以形成为装置24的一体部分,或者它们可以是独立的,由此提供第一端12和第二端16处的可调节性。除具有如上述那样在弹性范围内起作用而避免应力失效的相对细截面的中间部分14以外,中间部分14具有非线性的形状,如图9所示。
中间部分14优选包括至少两个弯曲,且更加优选地,进一步增加弹性效果的一系列的弯曲。如上所述,图9所示动态固定装置24的杆部10在中间部分14内包括倒T形区域。更具体地,动态固定装置24包括第一对反弯曲26a和26b和第二组反弯曲28a和28b。杆部10中的每个反弯曲26a、26b、28a和28b大于约90度,且最好,每个反弯曲大于约135度且直到约180度。即,杆部10在开始弯曲28a前在弯曲26a处弯曲至少约135度且直到约180度,弯曲28a也弯曲至少135度且直到约180度。反弯曲26b及28b相反,但曲率分别类似于弯曲26a和28a。
图9所示的改进的动态固定装置24帮助消除通过该装置互连的椎骨之间的轴向压缩负荷。这种构造不仅便于椎骨之间的弯曲,还提供了用于消除椎骨之间发生的压缩负荷的效果。中间部分14的倒T形区域朝向生理轴,或者向前偏移旋转轴。这允许脊柱的一些轴向负荷而不会不适当地压迫椎弓根螺钉到骨面。
类似于动态固定装置1,动态固定装置24的中间部分14可以具有各种不同的截面。图8a至8h所示的中间部分14表现出多种可能的截面,其可以用于构造动态固定装置24。
现在参照图10,其示出了动态固定装置30的不同实施例。动态固定装置30的特征在于能够提供允许弯曲以及消除压缩负荷,同时提供提高的稳定性的装置。因此,依据患者的特性,包括身体尺寸、年龄、骨密度、以及活动水平,图10所示的装置会更适用于特定的患者。
动态固定装置30的功能特征通过提供双中间部件32a和32b来实现。第一中间部件32a包括与前述且如图9所示类似的倒T形区域。另外,动态固定装置30的特征在于为弧形细截面的第二中间部件32b。
两个中间部件32a和32b的组合可以根据患者的需要调整取向。更加具体而言,弧形部件可以位于倒梯形部件的上面(未示出)或邻近倒T形部件,且不是要如图10所示必须位于倒T形部件下面。不同的取向提供了不同的弯曲和压缩、以及扭转特性。由此,多部件动态固定装置的各种构造适用于解决具体患者的需要,如可能指出的情况。另外,与一个弧形部件和一个倒T形部件对比,可使用各种取向的两个T形部件。类似地,也可以结合使用两个弧形部件,从而包括类似匙状叠置的弧形部件,彼此180度取向的弧形部件,或彼此90度设置的弧形部件。
对于图10所示的实施例,对于每个中间部件32a和32b的各种截面都是可以的。几种,但不是所有可以的截面视图在图11a和11f中示出。两个伸长的椭圆形部件在图11a中示出。或者,中间部件32a和32b可以采用一个伸长的椭圆形部件和一个扁平矩形的形式,如图11b所示。在又一可选组合中,可以与扁平六边形部件组合使用相对较小的圆形部件,如图11c所示。或者,扁平矩形部件可以与蝴蝶结形部件组合,如图11d所示。其它未在此列出的用于中间部件32a和32b的其它形状组合也在本发明的范围内。
在又一不同实施例,动态固定装置可以采用盘绕部分(未示出),用于提供允许杆弯曲的机构。在本实施例的可选设计中,使用复合材料作为可弯曲部分。盘绕或复合材料用于形成可弯曲部分,本实施例优选采用防止反弯曲或向后沿弧矢向旋转的机构。例如,可以在盘绕部分的后侧上提供单独的刚性件,由此允许该装置向前方向弯曲,允许向前沿弧矢向旋转,但基本限制或防止沿相反方向弯曲,由此防止向后沿弧矢向旋转。另外,多个刚性件可以用于限制横向旋转。即,可以采用基本限制或防止左或右环形旋转的额外的刚性件。
线圈的性质可以是单绕组、双绕组、或者其可以包括多个绕组。在一个优选实施例中,提供了螺旋形线圈。线圈在受压迫时解开缠绕。合成物具有根据负荷条件模仿缠绕和解开缠绕的物理性质。线圈可以用于与合成材料组合,以及与各个取向的刚性件组合。
在通常使用于跨过两块椎骨时,动态固定装置1、24和30的总长度可以近似25至30mm。对于跨过一个关节的动态固定装置,其将扩展至近似5至10mm的长度,且将向前旋转直到5至10度,从而适应脊柱的弯曲。显然,可以使用不同尺寸的动态固定装置以适应每个单独患者的具体需要。更加具体而言,会需要相对较大的动态固定装置用于较大的患者,而会需要相对较小的动态固定装置用于较小的患者,诸如孩子和纤小的妇女。然而,有限数量的尺寸可以足够满足大多数患者。对于任何给定的装置,期望动态固定装置有近似20%的潜在伸展。
动态固定装置可以用于可弯曲地接合多块椎骨。或者,动态固定装置可以位于需要脊柱弯曲的特定的点,而刚性的杆可以使用在医师期望的其它位置。
本发明的结构由具有在用于医疗应用时承受来自人体的负荷的适当强度特性的一种或多种材料制成。另外,这些材料与人体不产生排斥。优选,材料包括陶瓷、塑料、金属、或者碳纤维合成物。最好,材料由钛、钛合金、或者不锈钢制成。
此处公开的装置还可以由热记忆材料或在不同温度下具有不同弹性性质的材料制成。在本发明的此方面中,目标成份可以被加热或冷却至期望的温度,被植入,随后接着冷却或加热至其将在目标装置使用周期期间存在于的环境条件温度,即正常体温。
应理解,本发明可用于除了脊柱植入以外的医疗装置。另外,应理解,本发明可用于医疗领域以外。本发明的动态固定装置不限于医疗植入物。该装置可用于减震应用。或者,本发明可用于固定任何两个物体,诸如在连接机构中,且可用于带活动连接的任何类型的机械装置。并非毫无遗漏,其它应用可以包括连接任何关节装置,诸如与牵引器实施连接。还可以用于此前的静态型连接应用,诸如连接天线至基体结构。由此处提供的指导(关于外科应用)和由此处展示的附图,构造技术人员将理解如何进行和使用本发明。
虽然已经详细介绍了本发明的各个实施例,对于本领域技术人员而言对该些实施例进行调整和改动是显然的。然而,可以明确了解,这些调整和改动落入如所附权利要求展示的本发明的实质和范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于柔性连接患者脊柱的至少两块椎骨的植入装置,包括:
杆部,包括具有第一截面积的第一端、具有第二截面积的第二端、以及设置在所述第一端与所述第二端之间的第一中间部分,所述第一中间部分具有比所述第一截面积和所述第二截面积中的至少一个更小的截面积;以及
用于连接所述杆部至患者脊柱的装置;
其中,所述第一中间部分具有新月形截面形状;和
其中,所述第一中间部分在患者弯曲其脊柱时弯曲。
2.如权利要求1所述的植入装置,其中用于连接所述杆部至患者脊柱的所述装置包括至少一个杆连接器和至少一个椎弓根螺钉。
3.如权利要求1所述的植入装置,其中所述植入装置包括金属合金。
4.如权利要求1所述的植入装置,其中所述植入装置包括钛。
5.如权利要求1所述的植入装置,其中所述植入装置包括不锈钢。
6.如权利要求1所述的植入装置,其中所述植入装置包括塑料。
7.如权利要求1所述的植入装置,其中所述植入装置包括陶瓷,塑料,金属,以及碳纤维复合材料中的一个或多个。
CN2004800148338A 2003-04-04 2004-04-02 动力型固定装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1798528B (zh)

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WO2004089244A2 (en) 2004-10-21
KR20070029828A (ko) 2007-03-14
DE602004023066D1 (de) 2009-10-22
US20030191470A1 (en) 2003-10-09
US8932334B2 (en) 2015-01-13
KR20060012270A (ko) 2006-02-07
WO2004089244A3 (en) 2005-05-26
JP4309913B2 (ja) 2009-08-05
KR100787066B1 (ko) 2007-12-21
AU2004228019A1 (en) 2004-10-21
CA2520741C (en) 2008-06-10
EP1613224A2 (en) 2006-01-11
HK1092678A1 (en) 2007-02-16
US20060009768A1 (en) 2006-01-12
ATE442092T1 (de) 2009-09-15
CA2520741A1 (en) 2004-10-21
EP1613224A4 (en) 2008-07-09
KR100755244B1 (ko) 2007-09-04
US6966910B2 (en) 2005-11-22
EP1613224B1 (en) 2009-09-09
JP2006521903A (ja) 2006-09-28
AU2004228019B2 (en) 2008-04-17
CN1798528A (zh) 2006-07-05

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