CN1777666A - 有机钨酸铵和有机钼酸铵化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

有机钨酸铵和有机钼酸铵化合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1777666A
CN1777666A CNA2004800107234A CN200480010723A CN1777666A CN 1777666 A CN1777666 A CN 1777666A CN A2004800107234 A CNA2004800107234 A CN A2004800107234A CN 200480010723 A CN200480010723 A CN 200480010723A CN 1777666 A CN1777666 A CN 1777666A
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罗伯特·J·特尼克
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Abstract

本发明提供了新型的有机铵化合物,其可用作改善润滑组合物抗磨损和减摩擦性能的添加剂。该化合物通过水合金属酸与一种或多种烷基胺反应形成。具体例子是双十三烷基钨酸铵,双正辛基钨酸铵和双十三烷基钼酸铵的制备。

Description

有机钨酸铵和有机钼酸铵化合物及其制备方法
本申请是2003年4月22日提交的第60/464,541号临时申请和2003年11月5日提交的第60/517,604号临时申请的非临时申请。
发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及给予抗摩擦和抗磨损性能的润滑剂添加剂。特别涉及新型有机钨酸铵和有机钼酸铵化合物及其制备方法,以及含有该化合物的润滑组合物。
现有技术
润滑剂的开发代表技术的一个重要领域,此技术旨在寻找减小各种机械装置中接触的运动元件之间的摩擦的方法。摩擦大大加速了这些元件的机械磨损,因而增加了运转机械装置的费用。就发动机而言,例如汽车发动机,使用润滑剂来减小发动机内摩擦具有降低发动机能源需求的附加优点。这种摩擦增加了实现运动所需的能量,因而增加了燃料的消耗并降低了里程。现在人们明显意识到在许多种机械装置中利用润滑剂使摩擦最小化是有利的。
减摩添加剂以不同的物理或化学机理来实现其功能。因此,就润滑内燃机而言,尤其希望所述添加剂具备其它功能性,例如与减小机械组件的物理磨损有关的性能。
现用二硫代氨基甲酸钼盐作为润滑油添加剂来给予抗磨损与减摩擦性能。尽管这种组合物是有效的,但是为达到所需性能需要较大量的组合物。因此需要能以更少量的添加剂达到相同或更好效果的化合物。
发明概述
现已发现一类新型的金属有机铵化合物,其能赋予润滑剂更多的减摩擦与抗磨损性能。本发明还涉及这些金属有机铵化合物的制备方法。所述金属有机铵化合物基于VI族金属(如钼和钨),并且当以润滑组合物总重的0.025到5.0%重量比的最终浓度加入到润滑油中,其可改善该润滑油的润滑性能。但是,与现有技术的化合物相比,本发明的新型化合物只需更少量的金属就能够达到优异的性能。该化合物是下述方法的反应产物,且相信是双烷基钼酸或钨酸铵。
本发明也描述了所述金属有机铵化合物的制备方法。简要地说,通过水合金属酸与一种或多种烷基胺反应形成该化合物。具体例子为双十三烷基钨酸铵,双正辛基钨酸铵和双十三烷基钼酸铵的制备。本发明也涉及作为水合钨酸或钼酸与仲胺的反应产物形成的新型化合物,以及含有该化合物的润滑组合物。
详细说明
下面结合所示反应路线来说明本发明的方法。尽管所示的示例性的实施方案为双十三烷基钨酸铵、双正辛烷基钨酸铵和双十三烷基钼酸铵的制备,发明人也预想到了其它双烷基钨酸铵和钼酸铵的制备,且本领域所属技术人员可以理解这可以通过以对应的胺为起始物来实现。申请人也预想到该方法可用于基于其它VI族金属(例如碲和硒)的双烷基铵盐。本领域所属技术人员也能理解,在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的前提下所述过程参数可以变化。
                钨和钼的有机铵盐的制备
Figure A20048001072300061
一般而言,本发明的制备所述金属有机铵化合物的方法包括将VI族金属的二水合碱金属,例如二水合钨酸钠,转化为相应的VI族金属的水合金属酸。然后使所述水合金属酸与烷基胺反应形成本发明的有机铵化合物。
本发明所述方法的具体例子如下:将二水合钨酸钠(66.0g,0.200摩尔)溶解在水(150g)中。起始物可以用二水合钨酸钠本身,或通过使三氧化钨与氢氧化钠反应或其它已知的方法来制备。随后在良好的搅拌下将96%的硫酸(20.6g,0.202摩尔)溶解在水(50g)中形成的溶液缓慢加入到所述二水合钨酸钠溶液中以产生水合钨酸。温度对于该反应并不关键,可在约10-70℃变化,优选的温度范围是20-50℃。
关键是制备水合钨酸,因为该水合物在水中溶解度较大,且尽管有些可以从溶液中沉淀出来,但是以非常细微的形式沉淀的。下一步加入胺时,溶解的和沉淀的物质都将快速和完全的反应。也可以使用钨酸固体,但由于颗粒的尺寸大得多,其与胺的反应将大大减慢,并且反应需要较长的加热时间。
水合钨酸产生后,加入有机溶剂,例如庚烷(100g.),随后在良好的搅拌下加入双十三烷基胺(77.7g.,0.20摩尔)。温度对于该轻微放热的反应并不关键,可在10-70℃变化,优选的温度范围是约20-50℃。加热反应混合物回流约30分钟以确保其完全转化为据信为双核双十三烷基钨酸铵的物质。
回流时间可随所用的特定的胺来变化。在当前生产双十三烷基钨酸铵产品的特定实例中,30分钟的回流时间是有效的,但是可能会需要长得多的回流时间,尤其是如果特定的胺有空间位阻的话。
回流过程结束后,将混合物转移到分液漏斗中,使两相分离为上层产品层和下层硫酸钠水溶液层。将下层排出,随后将产品层排出到圆口瓶中。旋转蒸发产品层以除去庚烷和任何微量的水,剩余126.0克粘稠的液体。然后将该液体热过滤(80-90℃)以除去任何少量的固体物质如硫酸钠晶体,剩余清澈,粘稠,浅黄色的液体产品。
该方法的另一个具体例子如下:将二水合钨酸钠(66.0g.,0.200摩尔)溶解在水(150g.)中。将96%的硫酸溶液(20.6g.,0.202摩尔)溶解在水(50g.)中,随后在良好的搅拌下缓慢加入到二水合钼酸钠溶液中以产生水合钨酸。温度对于该反应并不关键,并可在约10-70℃变化,优选的温度范围是20-50℃。水合钨酸产生后,在良好的搅拌下加入有机溶剂例如甲苯(100g.),随后加入双正辛基胺(49.3g.,0.20摩尔)。温度对于该轻微放热的反应并不关键,可在约10-70℃变化,优选的温度范围是20-50℃。加热反应混合物回流约20分钟以确保其完全转化为据信为双核双正辛基钨酸铵的物质。回流过程结束后,将混合物转移到分液漏斗中,使两相分离为上层产品层和下层硫酸钠水溶液层。将下层排出,随后将产品层排出到圆口瓶中。旋转蒸发产品层以除去甲苯和任何微量的水,剩余97.8克的米白色腊状固体。
该方法的另一个具体例子如下:将二水合钼酸钠(48.4g.,0.200摩尔)溶解在水(150g.)中。将96%的硫酸溶液(20.6g.,0.202摩尔)溶解在水(50g.)中,随后在良好的搅拌下缓慢加入到二水合钼酸钠溶液中以产生水合钼酸溶液。温度对于该反应并不关键,可在10-70℃变化,优选的温度范围是20-50℃。水合钼酸产生后,在良好的搅拌下加入庚烷(100g.),随后加入双十三烷基胺(81.6g.,0.20摩尔)。温度对于该轻微放热的反应并不关键,可在约10-70℃变化,优选的温度范围是20-50℃。随后,加热反应混合物回流约30分钟以确保其完全转化为据信为双核双十三烷基钼酸铵的物质。回流过程结束后,将混合物转移到分液漏斗中,使两相分离为上层产品层和下层硫酸钠水溶液层。将下层排出,随后将产品层排出到圆口瓶中。旋转蒸发产品层以除去庚烷和任何微量的水,剩余111.9克非常粘稠的、蓝绿色液体,当冷却到室温时该液体固化为灰绿色腊状固体。
液体形式的固体产品可通过将其与任何适合的稀释液体混合并在高温下搅拌直至产品完全溶解来制备。然后可以真空吸滤该液体形式以除去任何固体杂质。
起始物的量不应该变化太大以至于对产品的质量或产率造成负面影响。但是,因为钨和钼的起始物是最昂贵的,其它起始物通常稍过量使用,以确保所有的钨和钼被完全消耗。
对于在反应中使用的R2NH,预计任何通式为R1R2NH的仲胺都可以使用,除非氨基氮原子附近有显著的空间位阻,其中R1和R2可以相同也可以不同,并选自直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C2-C40烷基、C3-C40环烷基、C6-C40芳基、C7-C40烷芳基和芳烷基。研究者发现水合钨酸与特定的胺的反应对胺基氮原子附近的空间位阻敏感,而水合钼酸敏感程度更低。当使用带有直链烷基的胺时例如双正辛基胺和双十三烷基胺,可以预计接近定量的产率。因此,尽管可以使用所述基于通常的双烷基胺描述的方法,但是优选使用基于无空间位阻的从C2到C40、更优选为从C5到C18的烷基链的胺。
也可以使用两种或多种不同的胺的混合物,以及单烷基胺,所预期的结果是不对称单烷基或双烷基钨酸铵或钼酸铵。也可以使用多官能团的胺,例如二元胺和三元胺。
本发明也涉及从上述方法中得到的反应产物,以及含有所述反应产物的润滑组合物。从下面的数据可以看出,当以基于润滑组合物重量的0.025到5.0的质量百分比,优选为大约0.05到2.0%,更优选为从大约0.09到0.5%的量,将该化合物加入到润滑组合物中时,其对增强润滑剂的减摩擦与抗磨损的性能尤其有用。预计本发明的产品将具有正的抗氧化效果,也可以作为耐极压剂。为方便引入到润滑制剂中,可以用和润滑制剂相容的稀释剂溶解或稀释所述反应产物。润滑剂的基油(base oil)可以选自环烷油、芳香油、链烷油、矿物油和合成油。除其它外,所述合成油选自烯烃聚合物、聚硅氧烷、羧酸酯和聚乙二醇酯。
所述润滑剂组合物可以含有必要的成分以配制组合物,例如乳化剂,分散剂和增粘剂。油脂可以通过加入增稠剂(例如脂肪酸的盐及复合物、聚脲化合物、粘土和季铵皂土复合物)来制备。根据润滑剂的用途,可加入其它的功能性添加剂以增强润滑剂的特定性能。所述润滑剂组合物还可含有耐极压剂,金属钝化剂,防锈剂,分散剂和其它已知的抗氧剂和抗磨剂。
实验数据
评估BT-521-85A(50%双核双十三烷基钨酸铵在Uninap 100 SD油中)。结果与Molyvan822添加剂(二硫代氨基甲酸钼50%,R.T.范德比尔特公司提供)。
表1就摩擦系数对本发明化合物双核双十三烷基钨酸铵作了评估并与当前使用的减摩擦剂二硫代氨基甲酸钼进行了对比。数据显示,就摩擦系数而言本发明的钨化合物相对无添加剂的基油有所改善。尽管改善不像对MoDTC那么大,但关键是改善减摩擦效果所需的钨化合物的量仅仅是传递同等量金属(ppm基准)所需的MoDTC量的1/3。需指出W化合物和MoDTC都以50%的稀释度使用。
                                         表1
                                                 质量百分比
  A   B   C
  BT-521-85A(14.8%W)   0.46   -   -
  Molyvan822二硫代氨基甲酸钼(5.1%Mo)   -   1.37   -
  GF-4原型汽油   99.54   98.63   100
  ppm W或Mo(近似)   700   700   700
  ASTM D5707 SRV Ball on Disc(球-盘);50N,50N,50Hz;1.00mm stroke(冲程)80℃;30m;   0.111   0.054   0.134
  最终摩擦系数:
  混合油外观混合后@RT
  澄清   澄清   澄清
  7天后@RT   澄清   澄清   澄清
表2就抗磨损性能对本发明的W化合物和现有技术的MoDTC化合物进行了对比。可看出W化合物提供了优秀的、与MoDTC同等标准的抗磨损保护,但是与MoDTC相比只需要1/3量的W化合物。也可以看出随着稀释化合物在润滑复合物中的量从0.46%增加到0.93%质量比(对W化合物本身为0.23到0.465%),所述W化合物的抗磨损特性不是必然提高。
                                                表2
                                             质量百分比
  A   B   C   D   E   F   G
  BT-521-85A(14.8%W)   0.46   -   -   0.46   0.93   -
  Molyvan822二硫代氨基甲酸钼(5.1%Mo)   -   1.37  -   -   1.37   -   -
  Uninap 100SD+二硫代磷酸锌(0.1%P)   99.54   98.63   100
  ExxonBlend ISO 220   -   -   -   99.54   98.63   99.07   100
  ppm W或Mo(近似)   700   700   0   700   700   1,400   0
  ASTM D5707SRV Ballon Disc;50N,50N,50Hz;1.00mm Stroke80℃;30m;最终摩擦系数:   0.110   0.060   0.121   -   -   -   -
  ASTM D-4172 4-BallWear(4-球磨损)1200rpm 75℃1h@40kgf,mm   -   -   -   0.44*   0.52   0.45   1.42
  0.48*
  混合油外观混合后@RT
  模糊   澄清   澄清   模糊   澄清   模糊   澄清
  7天后@RT   浑浊   澄清   澄清   浑浊   澄清   浑浊   澄清
*对制剂4进行两次测试
评估BT-521-116A(50%双核双十三烷基钼酸铵在Corsol 100油中)。结果与Molyvan855(有机钼减摩擦剂,R.T.范德比尔特公司提供)比较。
表3就摩擦系数对本发明化合物双核双十三烷基钼酸铵作了评估并与当前使用的有机钼减摩擦剂进行了对比。可看出本发明的Mo化合物提供了优异的、与Molyvan855几乎相当的减摩擦保护,但是与Molyvan855相比只需要1/4到1/2量的本发明的Mo化合物。也可以看出,随着稀释化合物在润滑复合物中的量从0.195%增加到1.561%质量比(对本发明的Mo化合物本身为0.098-0.781%),所述Mo化合物的减摩擦性能不是必然提高。
                                                     表3
    质量百分比
BT-521-116A(8.7%Mo)Molyvan855(7.9%Mo)ppm Mo:     1     2   3     4     5
    0.195---175     0.390---350   0.780---700     1.561---1400     ---0.88700
ASTM D5707 SRV 200N;50Hz;80℃ 1h;1.00mmStroke:Ball on Disc最终摩擦系数:     0.095     0.093   0.105     0.124     0.082
球上疤痕,mm:盘上疤痕,mm:     0.422×0.4701.421×0.415     0.417×0.4591.417×0.423   0.439×0.4681.392×0.367     0.463×0.4791.456×0.484     0.427×0.4541.414×0.418

Claims (23)

1.VI族金属的有机铵盐,包括通式为MO4H2·H2O的水合金属酸与至少一种烷基胺的反应产物,其中M选自碲、硒、钨和钼。
2.如权利要求1所述的有机铵盐,其中所述的水合金属酸是通式为Na2MO4·2H2O的二水合金属钠和酸的反应产物。
3.如权利要求1所述的有机铵盐,其中所述的水合金属酸与烷基胺的反应产物是通过回流形成的。
4.如权利要求1所述的有机铵盐,其中所述烷基胺的通式为R1R2NH,其中R1和R2可以相同也可以不同,且选自氢、直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C2-C40烷基、C3-C40环烷基、C6-C40芳基、C7-C40烷芳基和芳烷基。
5.如权利要求4所述的有机铵盐,其中R1和R2选自氢、直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C2-C40烷基。
6.如权利要求4所述的有机铵盐,其中R1和R2是直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C5-C18烷基。
7.如权利要求4所述的有机铵盐,其中R1R2NH是双十三烷基胺,且M是钨或钼。
8.如权利要求4所述的有机铵盐,其中R1R2NH是双正辛基胺,且M是钨或钼。
9.如权利要求1所述的有机铵盐,其中所述的M是钨或钼。
10.如权利要求1所述的有机铵盐,其中所述的至少一种烷基胺进一步包括两种不同的双烷基胺。
11.润滑组合物,包括
(a)占主要量的润滑油,以及
(b)权利要求1所述的有机铵盐,其含量以所述润滑组合物的总重量为基准为约0.025到5.0%重量比。
12.如权利要求11所述的润滑组合物,其中所述有机铵盐的浓度为约0.05到2.0%重量比。
13.如权利要求12所述的润滑组合物,其中所述有机铵盐的浓度为约0.09到0.5%重量比。
14.如以下通式所示的金属有机铵化合物,
Figure A2004800107230003C1
其中(a)M是VI族金属的离子;以及
(b)R1和R2可以相同或不同,且选自氢、直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C2-C40烷基、C3-C40环烷基、C6-C40芳基、C7-C40烷芳基和芳烷基。
15.如权利要求14所述的金属有机铵化合物,其中R1和R2是氢,或直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C2-C40烷基。
16.如权利要求14所述的金属有机铵化合物,其中R1和R2是直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C5-C18烷基。
17.如权利要求14所述的金属有机铵化合物,其中R1和R2是直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C5-C18烷基。
18.如权利要求14所述的金属有机铵化合物,其中R1R2NH2 +是双十三烷基铵,且M是钨或钼。
19.如权利要求14所述的金属有机铵化合物,其中R1R2NH2 +是双正辛基铵,且M是钨或钼。
20.如权利要求14所述的金属有机铵化合物,其中M选自碲、硒、钨和钼。
21.VI族金属的有机铵盐的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
使通式为MO4H2·H2O的水合金属酸与至少一种烷基胺反应,其中M选自碲、硒、钨和钼。
22.如权力要求21所述的方法,还包括通过使通式为Na2MO4·2H2O的二水合金属钠与酸反应制备所述水合金属酸的步骤。
24.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述烷基胺的通式为R1R2NH,其中R1和R2可以相同或不同,且选自氢、直链或支链的、饱和或不饱和的C2-C40烷基、C3-C40环烷基、C6-C40芳基、C7-C40烷芳基和芳烷基。
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