CN1228426C - 润滑剂添加剂的制备 - Google Patents
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
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- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Abstract
油溶性或油分散性的三核钼-硫化合物是在极性介质中,由含有包含三核钼芯的阴离子的钼化合物反应剂与现场制备的二硫代氨基甲酸酯反应而制成的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可用作润滑油组合物(或润滑剂)中添加剂的油溶性或油分散性三核钼化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
欧洲专利申请0960178(基于国际专利申请PCT/IB9701656)公开了用作润滑剂添加剂(例如起减摩剂、抗磨损剂和/或抗氧化剂作用)的三核钼化合物。该专利还公开了制备包含键合有能使该化合物呈油溶性或油分散性的配体的这类化合物的方法。然而,这些方法涉及配体源反应剂的预先制备,即需要制备起始物料的附加工艺步骤,从而增加了制造成本。同时,该反应剂可能未必是可控制的,或是“满足要求的”。
业已发现,该三核化合物可通过钼化合物与现场制备的配体源反应剂相反应而制得,从而缓解了上述问题。
发明内容
因此,本发明一方面是制备呈油溶性或油分散性的三核钼-硫化合物的方法,该三核钼-硫化合物包含键合有一个或多个能使该化合物呈油溶性或油分散性的二硫代氨基甲酸酯配体的三核钼芯,该方法包括使下列反应剂在极性介质中进行反应:
(A)含有三核钼芯(如硫代或多硫代三核钼芯)阴离子的钼化合物反应剂,和
(B)现场制备的二硫代氨基甲酸酯。
反应剂钼化合物不必经衍生化,例如不必是技术上已知的卤化衍生物。
从技术上说,本发明是出人意料的,正如Zimmermann等在“无机化学(Inorganic Chemistry)”,vol.30,No.23,1991,4336-4341中所述,氧化剂的氧化还原电势对于类似反应的成功与否可能是很关键的。
本发明第二方面是包含较多量润滑粘性油和少量由第一方面方法制得的三核钼-硫化合物的润滑油组合物。
本发明的第三方面是制备润滑油组合物的方法,该方法包括使较多量润滑粘性油与少量由第一方面方法制得的三核钼-硫化合物相混合。
本发明的第四方面是润滑内燃机的方法,该方法包括向内燃机供给第二方面润滑油组合物或由第三方面方法制得的润滑油组合物。
本发明的第五方面是降低内燃机的摩擦作用、磨损作用和氧化作用中一种或一种以上作用以及保持这些性能的方法,该方法包括用第二方面的润滑油组合物或由第三方面方法制得的润滑油组合物处理内燃机的滑动表面。
本发明的第六方面是降低内燃机的燃料消耗并保持该性能的方法,该方法包括用第二方面的润滑油组合物或由第三方面方法制得的润滑油组合物处理内燃机的滑动表面。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的特征进行详细的说明。
如上所述,本发明制得的化合物是键合有二硫化氨基甲酸酯配体的三核钼-硫芯。它们的化学式可能例如为Mo3SxLy。
式中x为4-10整数,如4-7,优选4或7;
L代表二硫代氨基甲酸酯;及
y是中和Mo3Sx芯上所带的电荷数。
所谓“键合”在本说明书中包括共价键、反离子静电作用引起的静电键以及介于共价键与静电键间的键的形式。同一化合物中的L配体可以呈不同的键合方式,例如当y是4时,三个L可以是以共价键键合的,而第4个L可以是以静电键键合的。
反应剂化合物(A)的一个实例是含[Mo3S13]2-离子的化合物,例如其铵盐如(NH4)2Mo3S13·nH2O,其中n是0-2,包括非整数值。
二硫代氨基甲酸酯,(B),可以是烃基取代的二硫代氨基甲酸酯,优选二烃基取代的二硫代氨基甲酸酯。
术语“烃基”是指碳原子直接连接在配体残基上的取代基,主要是指与本发明内容相适应的烃基。这类取代基包括:(1)烃取代基,即脂族(例如烷基或链烯基)、脂环族(例如环烷基或环烯基)取代基,芳族取代基,脂族和脂环族取代的芳核以及环状取代基,其中环是通过另一部分或残基构成的(即任何两个指定的取代基可一起构成脂环基团);(2)经取代的烃取代基,即本发明中那些含不会改变取代基主要烃基特性的非烃基团的取代基。技术熟练人员会知道适用的基团(例如卤基(特别是氯基和氟基)、氨基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基以及磺基);(3)含杂原子取代基,即显然与本发明内容相适应的主要是烃、但在由碳原子构成的链或环中也可含有除碳原子外的原子的取代基。
优选的烃基基团是烷基(例如,其中连接在配体残基上的碳原子是伯、仲或叔碳原子)、芳基,取代芳基及醚基团。
重要的是,烃基基团要拥有足够数的碳原子,以使该化合物能溶于或分散于油中。该化合物的油溶性或油分散性会受配体中碳原子数的影响。优选的是配体具有足够的碳原子数,以使该化合物能溶于或分散于油中。化合物配体中烃基基团中的碳原子总数通常为至少21,例如21-800,如至少25,至少30或至少35。例如,每个烷基基团中的碳原子数通常为1-100,优选1-40,更优选3-20。
二硫代氨基甲酸酯可现场制备,例如,由二硫化碳与烃基取代胺如烷基仲胺在反应制备二硫代氨基甲酸酯(B)的条件下反应而制得,接着再与反应剂(A)反应。
极性介质(或溶剂)可以是例如甲苯、四氢呋喃(THF)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、甲醇或水。也可采用碱如碱金属氢氧化物例如NaOH。
可使所得产物如Mo3SxLy从反应混合物中分离出来。根据需要,例如,可采用过滤方法除去本发明方法制备的过量的含阴离子的反应剂化合物。
该反应产物可用作具有高减摩性、抗磨损和抗氧化性能的多功能润滑油添加剂。因此可通过向润滑粘性油添加该反应产物来制备润滑油组合物以提高润滑粘性油的减摩性、抗磨损性和抗氧化性。
润滑油组合物中也可掺入其它技术上已知的添加剂,只要这些添加剂不同于本发明的添加剂。实例有分散剂、洗涤剂、防锈剂、抗磨损剂、抗氧化剂、腐蚀抑制剂、摩擦改性剂、倾点下降剂、消泡剂、粘度改性剂以及表面活性剂。
对于润滑油组合物制备来说,通常的方法是以添加剂在适当的油质(一般为烃)、载体液体(如矿物润滑油)或其它适当溶剂中的浓缩形态加入润滑油中的。润滑粘性油以及脂族烃、环烷烃和芳烃是浓缩物的适用载体液体的实例。
以浓缩物添加是使用前处理添加剂的一种方便方法,并且还有利于形成添加剂在润滑油组合物中的溶液或分散体。当制备含有一种以上添加剂(有时称为“添加剂组分”)的润滑油组合物时,每种添加剂可分别掺入即每种添加剂以浓缩物形态掺入。然而,在许多情况下,提供含两种或两种以上添加剂的单一浓缩物的所谓添加剂“包”(也称为“adpack”)也是适宜的。
浓缩物可含1-90%,如10-80%,优选20-80%更优选20-70(质量)%的一种或多种添加剂活性成分。
润滑油组合物可通过向润滑粘性油添加有效最低量的至少一种添加剂的混合物,以及根据需要添加一种或多种如以上所述的共添加剂而制成。该制备步骤可以是直接向润滑油添加添加剂,或是向润滑油添加浓缩物而达到分散或溶解添加剂。可采用技术熟练人员熟知的任何方法向润滑油中添加添加剂,可在添加其它添加剂之前添加,也可与其它添加剂同时添加,或者在添加了其它添加剂后添加。
实施例
下面将参照实施例对本发明作说明。
本文所用的“椰油基”是一种烷基链或平均碳原子数一般在C6-C8不等的烷基链混合物。
方法A
将(NH4)2Mo3S13·2H2O(称为ATM)、二辛基胺和任选的氢氧化钠与溶剂在氮气氛下混合,然后添加二硫化碳并搅拌两小时,在形成二硫代氨基甲酸酯后进一步实施Mo3S7dtc4的合成。然后,将反应混合物在适当温度下加热约16小时(进行回流,溶剂是二甲基甲酰胺时除外)。除去产物中溶剂(溶剂若是甲苯则不需除去),然后将产物溶于甲苯中,过滤除去固体副产物,然后除去甲苯得到成品产物。
方法A
实施例 | 摩尔比(ATM∶octyl2NH∶CS2∶NaOH) | 溶剂 | 温度(℃) |
1 | 1∶10∶10∶0 | MeOH | 65 |
2 | 1∶10∶10∶0 | MeOH | 65 |
3 | 1∶10∶10∶0 | DMF | 110 |
4 | 1∶10∶10∶0 | THF | 67 |
5 | 1∶4∶4∶0 | MeOH | 65 |
6 | 1∶4∶4∶0 | 甲苯 | 110 |
7 | 1∶4∶4∶0 | THF | 67 |
8 | 1∶4∶4∶0 | DMF | 110 |
DMF=二甲基甲酰胺
THF=四氢呋喃
方法B
以二辛基胺、任选的氢氧化钠和二硫化碳与溶剂在氮气氛下混合并搅拌两小时后添加ATM的方法进行Mo3S7dtc4的合成。然后,将反应混合物在适当温度下加热约16小时(进行回流,除溶剂是水外)。
产物的处理同方法A。下列具体实施例是以方法B实施的。
实施例 | 摩尔比(ATM∶octyl2NH∶CS2∶NaOH) | 溶剂 | 温度(℃) |
9 | 1∶4∶4∶0 | MeOH | 65 |
10 | 1∶4∶4∶0 | 甲苯 | 110 |
11 | 1∶4∶4∶0 | 水 | 65 |
12 | 1∶4∶4∶4 | 水 | 65 |
方法C
在氮气氛下,将ATM和二椰油基胺添加于MeOH(作为溶剂)中,随后添加二硫化碳并搅拌两小时,在形成二硫代氨基甲酸酯后进一步实施Mo3S7dtc4的合成。然后,将反应混合物在65℃加热8小时,除去MeOH,使产物与矿物油(ESN150)混合。对成品进行Mo和S的定量分析。
下列具体实施例是以方法C实施的。
实施例 | 摩尔比(ATM∶coco2NH∶CS2) | Mo(质量)% | S(质量)% |
13 | 1∶4∶4 | 7.89 | 13.5 |
14 | 1∶4∶10 | 8.22 | 13.78 |
15 | 1∶10∶10 | 5.23 | 10.73 |
16 | 1∶10∶4 | 4.17 | 7.54 |
所有上述实施例的产物作为润滑剂添加剂都具有满意的性能。
Claims (8)
1.一种制备油溶性的或油分散性的三核钼-硫化合物的方法,该化合物包含键合有一个或多个能使化合物呈油溶性或油分散性的二硫代氨基甲酸酯配体的三核钼芯,该方法包括使下列反应剂在极性介质中进行反应:
(A)含有三核钼芯阴离子的钼化合物反应剂,和
(B)现场制备的二硫代氨基甲酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中钼化合物反应剂含[Mo3S13]2-离子。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中二硫代氨基甲酸酯是由二硫化碳与仲胺在反应产生二硫代氨基甲酸酯的反应条件下现场制备的。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中极性介质是甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇或水。
5.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中三核钼化合物的化学式为Mo3SxLy,
式中x是4-10,
L代表二硫代氨基甲酸酯配体,及
y是中和Mo3Sx芯上所带的电荷数。
6.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中二硫代氨基甲酸酯是烃基取代的二硫代氨基甲酸酯,其中所述烃基的碳原子总数至少为21。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述烃基是烷基,所述烷基的碳原子数为1-100。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中所述烷基的碳原子数为3-20。
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US4683316A (en) * | 1986-01-02 | 1987-07-28 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Method of preparation of dithiocarbamate complexes of molybdenum (VI) |
JP3495764B2 (ja) * | 1993-08-13 | 2004-02-09 | 旭電化工業株式会社 | 粉末状の硫化オキシモリブデンジチオカルバミン酸組成物及びその製法並びにこれを含有するグリース組成物 |
JPH07196603A (ja) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-08-01 | Tonen Corp | 塩基性ジチオカルバミン酸金属塩、及び該塩を含有する潤滑油組成物 |
JP3510368B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-31 | 2004-03-29 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
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US5824627A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-10-20 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Heterometallic lube oil additives |
US6232276B1 (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 2001-05-15 | Infineum Usa L.P. | Trinuclear molybdenum multifunctional additive for lubricating oils |
US5837657A (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 1998-11-17 | Fang; Howard L. | Method for reducing viscosity increase in sooted diesel oils |
US5906968A (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-05-25 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Method of synthesizing Mo3 Sx containing compounds |
EP1040115B1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2004-06-30 | Infineum USA L.P. | Method for the preparation of tri-nuclear molybdenum-sulfur compounds and their use as lubricant additives |
US6110878A (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2000-08-29 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Lubricant additives |
DE29722439U1 (de) | 1997-12-18 | 1998-05-07 | Siemens Ag | Halbleiterspeicher und Implantationsmaske |
US5895779A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-04-20 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Lubricating oil having improved fuel economy retention properties |
GB9813071D0 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 1998-08-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Lubricant compositions |
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2001
- 2001-03-15 DE DE60114687T patent/DE60114687T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-15 AT AT01106335T patent/ATE309315T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-23 US US09/816,053 patent/US6569820B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 CA CA002342434A patent/CA2342434A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-28 JP JP2001092983A patent/JP4707859B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-28 CN CNB011117931A patent/CN1228426C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-29 SG SG200101962A patent/SG109445A1/en unknown
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JP4707859B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
DE60114687T2 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
CA2342434A1 (en) | 2001-09-29 |
ATE309315T1 (de) | 2005-11-15 |
US6569820B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 |
US20010053751A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
SG109445A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
JP2001302622A (ja) | 2001-10-31 |
DE60114687D1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
CN1319648A (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
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