CN1774410A - 氢化羟甲基链烷醛的方法 - Google Patents
氢化羟甲基链烷醛的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
- C07C29/141—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/18—Polyhydroxylic acyclic alcohols
- C07C31/20—Dihydroxylic alcohols
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
一种在液相中在氢化催化剂上催化氢化通式(I)的羟甲基链烷醛的方法,其中R1和R2各自独立地表示另外的羟甲基或具有1-22个碳原子的烷基,或具有1-22个碳原子的烷基,或具有6-33个碳原子的芳基或芳烷基。本发明方法的特征在于通过加入至少一种叔胺将氢化进料的pH值调节为6.3-7.8。
Description
本发明涉及一种在液相中在氢化催化剂上在氢化进料的pH已经通过加入叔胺设定为6.3-7.8下催化氢化羟甲基链烷醛的方法。
催化氢化羰基化合物如醛类以制备简单的功能醇在基本化学品工业的生产料流中占据重要的位置。这对可以经由羰基合成方法或羟醛反应得到的醛类的氢化尤其如此。
链烷醛与过量甲醛在化学计算量的碱存在下的羟醛反应产生羟甲基链烷醛。由WO 01/51438已知使用无机氢氧化物如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钙作为碱。WO 98/28253描述了胺作为羟醛反应中的碱性催化剂且WO 98/29374描述了用于该目的的碱性离子交换剂。在这些方法中,以浓度为20-70重量%的水溶液得到羟甲基链烷醛。该水溶液的pH仅为3.5-6.0,因为用于该羟醛反应的碱性催化剂还催化从甲醛形成甲酸的坎尼扎罗反应,该甲酸又至少部分中和该碱。
如果要由羟甲基链烷醛水溶液制备多元醇如季戊四醇、新戊二醇或三羟甲基丙烷,则必须氢化这些溶液。
该氢化通常在高于80℃下进行。在氢化反应器中观察到由羟甲基到游离醛的再离解并且还有醚、酯和缩醛的形成。这些次级反应导致氢化选择性低以及多元醇的产率低。
此外,许多氢化催化剂在这些条件下不稳定。正如由EP-A 44 444和WO 95/32171已知的,尤其是基于铝和硅的氧化物的催化剂在这些羟甲基链烷醛水溶液中在氢化条件下因二氧化硅的浸出而至少失去部分硬度且在最坏的情况下变得不可用。
本发明的目的是提供一种催化氢化羟甲基链烷醛的方法,其中大大地抑制了形成的羟甲基链烷醛的再离解,大大地防止了醚、酯和缩醛的形成并对该催化剂的机械稳定性产生了积极效果。此外,该方法应可以良好的氢化选择性和良好的产率获得多元醇。
我们发现该目的由一种在液相中在氢化催化剂上催化氢化下式的羟甲基链烷醛的方法实现:
其中R1和R2各自独立地为另外的羟甲基或具有1-22个碳原子的烷基或具有6-33个碳原子的芳基或芳烷基,其中通过加入至少一种叔胺将氢化进料的pH设定为6.3-7.8。
在本专利申请中提到的氢化进料是包含式I的羟甲基链烷醛的水溶液,尤其是包含20-80重量%的羟甲基链烷醛的水溶液。该氢化进料优选如WO 98/28253所述通过醛与甲醛的缩合制备。
在该反应中,醛与2-8倍于其量的甲醛在叔胺存在下反应(羟醛的形成)并将反应混合物分离成两种溶液,其中一种包含所述羟甲基链烷醛,而另一种包含未反应的原料。将后一溶液返回反应中。通过蒸馏或简单分离水相和有机相而进行分级。包含羟甲基链烷醛的水溶液可以用作本发明方法中的氢化进料。
然而,还可以通过现有技术的其他方法制备作为氢化进料的羟甲基链烷醛水溶液,例如通过由WO 01/51438、WO 97/17313和WO 98/29374已知的方法。
在本发明方法的优选方案中,使用甲醛含量特别低或不含甲醛的羟甲基链烷醛水溶液作为氢化进料。在称为低甲醛含量的羟甲基链烷醛溶液中,甲醛含量低于5重量%。可以通过由现有技术已知的方法,例如通过蒸馏而从来自羟醛形成反应的输出物中分离出甲醛,例如如WO 98/28253所述得到所述输出物。
式I的羟甲基链烷醛优选为二羟甲基链烷醛、三羟甲基乙醛(Pentaerythrose)或羟基新戊醛。
在氢化反应器入口上游混合氢化进料与叔胺,直到氢化进料的pH为6.3-7.8。还可以将氢化进料和叔胺单独加入反应器中并在其中混合。
合适的叔胺例如是列于DE-A 25 07 461中的胺。优选的叔胺是三(正-C1-C4烷基)胺,特别优选三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丙胺和三正丁胺。
胺对于调节pH是特别有利的,因为它们与甲酸形成可热分解的盐,从而可以在氢化之后再次离解盐。这样可以避免作为副产物的盐并可以将叔胺返回该方法中。
在生产羟甲基链烷醛的羟醛形成方法,即高级醛与甲醛的缩合中以及氢化中使用相同叔胺是特别有利的。通过已知方法,优选借助玻璃电极和pH计测量pH。
可以用于本发明目的的催化剂是适合用于氢化且优选包含至少一种元素周期表第8-12过渡族的金属的催化剂,所述金属例如为Fe、Ru、Os、Co、Rh、Ir、Ni、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、An、Zn、Cd、Hg,优选Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ru、Pd、Pt,特别优选Cu,优选在常规载体材料之上,特别优选在包含钛、锆、铪、硅和/或铝的氧化物的载体材料上。可以根据本发明使用的催化剂可以通过由制备该类负载催化剂的现有技术已知的方法制备。还优选使用在存在或不存在一种或多种元素镁、钡、锌或铬下包含负载在含Al2O3或TiO2的载体材料上的铜的负载催化剂。由WO 99/44974已知该类催化剂及其制备。
含铜的负载催化剂例如描述于WO 95/32171中,而且在EP-A 44 444和DE 19 57 591中公开的催化剂也适合本发明的氢化。
氢化可以分批或连续进行,例如在填充有催化剂床且其中反应溶液例如以向下流动或向上流动模式通过催化剂床的管式反应器中,如DE-A 19 41 633或DE-A 20 40 501所述。再循环反应器输出物的子流可能是有利的,合适的话进行冷却,并再次将其通过催化剂的固定床。在多个如2-4个串联连接的反应器中进行氢化,其中在最后反应器上游的各反应器中氢化反应仅完成例如50-98%的部分转化并且仅在最后反应器中完成氢化,这同样可能是有利的。在进入下一反应器之前例如借助冷却设备或通过注入冷气体如氢气或氮气,或通过引入冷反应溶液的子流以冷却来自前一反应器的氢化输出物,这可能有是利的。
氢化温度通常为50-180℃,优选90-140℃。所用氢化压力通常为10-250巴,优选20-120巴。
可以在加入惰性溶剂下进行氢化。可以使用的溶剂包括环醚如THF或二噁烷以及无环的醚,同样还有低级醇,如甲醇、乙醇或2-乙基己醇。
此外,可以使用任何氢化方法且可以使用常用于醛的氢化且详细描述于标准文献中的任何氢化催化剂。
实施例1
将羟基新戊醛氢化成新戊二醇
氢化进料
将1.1mol异丁醛与浓度为40%的溶液形式的1mol甲醛和基于异丁醛为4mol%的三甲胺一起在75℃下搅拌1小时。通过在大气压力下蒸馏低沸点物质如异丁醛和部分水而浓缩反应溶液。得到的底部产物包含75重量%羟基新戊醛、20重量%水和约5重量%其他次级有机组分。
所用催化剂
使用如WO 95/32171所述的催化剂G。
氢化
将上述作为氢化进料的混合物用作起始溶液。通过加入三甲胺将该混合物调节到如表1中所示的各种情况下的pH,并在40巴和125℃下以向下流动的模式采用0.3kgHPA/lcat×h重时空速下的液体循环(再循环∶进料=10∶1)将该混合物泵送通过氢化反应器中的催化剂。在40巴和125℃下在单程操作的后反应器中完成转化。
本发明方法与其中氢化进料的pH在每种情况下位于本发明所规定的范围之外的对比例1和2的比较示于表1中。
使用带有来自Schott的N1041A玻璃电极的Knick 766型pH计测量pH。
表1
实施例 | pH | HPA2[GC重量%] | NPG3[GC重量%] | i-BuOH4[GC重量%] | HPN5[GC重量%] | Acetal6[GC重量%] | 选择性 |
C1 | 5.31 | 0.03 | 91.97 | 2.63 | 0.92 | 0.43 | 96.71 |
1 | 7.4 | 0.02 | 93.04 | 2.10 | 0.90 | 0.11 | 97.83 |
C2 | 8.3 | 0.07 | 91.89 | 3.08 | 1.04 | 0.09 | 96.62 |
1不加入胺
2HPA=羟基新戊醛
3NPG=新戊二醇
4i-BuOH=异丁醇
5HPN=羟基新戊酸的新戊二醇酯
6Acetal=羟基新戊醛NPG缩醛
Claims (9)
2.如权利要求1所要求的方法,其中氢化进料含有低于5重量%的甲醛。
3.如权利要求1或2所要求的方法,其中使用三(正烷基)胺。
4.如权利要求1-3中任何一项所要求的方法,其中使用三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丙胺和/或三正丁胺。
5.如权利要求1-4中任何一项所要求的方法,其中氢化催化剂包含至少一种元素周期表第8-12过渡族的金属。
6.如权利要求1-5中任何一项所要求的方法,其中氢化催化剂为负载催化剂。
7.如权利要求6所要求的方法,其中使用钛、锆、铪、硅和/或铝的氧化物作为载体材料。
8.如权利要求5-7中任何一项所要求的方法,其中氢化催化剂在存在或不存在一种或多种元素镁、钡、锌和铬下包含负载在含Al2O3或TiO2的载体材料上的铜。
9.如权利要求1-8中任何一项所要求的方法,其中氢化的羟甲基链烷醛是羟基新戊醛、三羟甲基乙醛或二羟甲基丁醛。
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DE10317543A DE10317543A1 (de) | 2003-04-16 | 2003-04-16 | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Methylolalkanalen |
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CN102083776A (zh) * | 2008-07-02 | 2011-06-01 | 奥克塞有限公司 | 制备新戊二醇的方法 |
CN103449970A (zh) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-18 | 北京三聚环保新材料股份有限公司 | 一种新戊二醇的制备方法 |
CN105727958A (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-07-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 羟基新戊醛加氢制新戊二醇的催化剂及其制备方法 |
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DE102006009839A1 (de) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-06 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Methylolalkanalen zu mehrwertigen Alkoholen mit geringem Acetalgehalt |
US7388116B2 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2008-06-17 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Hydrogenation of methylolalkanals |
TW200842132A (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-11-01 | Chi Mei Corp | Apparatus for hydrogenation and method for hydrogenating conjugated diene polymer by employing the apparatus |
WO2009153193A1 (de) | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-23 | Basf Se | Verwendung eines c11-diols oder c11-diolgemisches zur herstellung von polymeren |
US8853465B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2014-10-07 | Basf Se | Process for preparing neopentyl glycol |
KR20130064752A (ko) | 2010-05-12 | 2013-06-18 | 바스프 에스이 | 네오펜틸 글리콜의 제조 방법 |
US8710278B1 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2014-04-29 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyols |
US9056824B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2015-06-16 | Eastman Chemical Company | Preparation of hydroxy aldehydes |
KR101529828B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-06-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 메틸올알칸알의 제조방법 |
TW201536734A (zh) | 2014-03-12 | 2015-10-01 | Basf Se | 甲酸鹽的分解 |
KR102359896B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-12 | 2022-02-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 디메틸올부탄알의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 트리메틸올프로판의 제조방법 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102083776A (zh) * | 2008-07-02 | 2011-06-01 | 奥克塞有限公司 | 制备新戊二醇的方法 |
CN103449970A (zh) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-18 | 北京三聚环保新材料股份有限公司 | 一种新戊二醇的制备方法 |
CN103449970B (zh) * | 2012-05-28 | 2015-10-14 | 北京三聚环保新材料股份有限公司 | 一种新戊二醇的制备方法 |
CN105727958A (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-07-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 羟基新戊醛加氢制新戊二醇的催化剂及其制备方法 |
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EP1620377A1 (de) | 2006-02-01 |
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MY140112A (en) | 2009-11-30 |
BRPI0409005A (pt) | 2006-03-28 |
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US20060205985A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
MXPA05010270A (es) | 2005-11-17 |
EP1620377B1 (de) | 2008-07-02 |
ES2307007T5 (es) | 2017-07-31 |
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US7439406B2 (en) | 2008-10-21 |
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DE502004007493D1 (de) | 2008-08-14 |
ATE399749T1 (de) | 2008-07-15 |
KR101013318B1 (ko) | 2011-02-09 |
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