CN1759456A - 铁氧体磁体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
铁氧体磁体及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium carbonate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]C([O-])=O LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxonium ion Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPJYAXCTOHRFDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetracopper;2,4,6-trioxido-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriarsinane;diacetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.[O-][As]1O[As]([O-])O[As]([O-])O1.[O-][As]1O[As]([O-])O[As]([O-])O1 BPJYAXCTOHRFDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
提供包括式为(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]的磁铅石型晶体结构单相的铁氧体磁体,其中,A是至少一种选自稀土元素中的元素,x,y和n表示摩尔比率,并且0<x≤0.6,0<y≤0.05,5.7≤n≤6.0。还提供制造铁氧体磁体的方法,其中,称量原料粉末SrCO3,Fe2O3,A2O3和MgO,将它们混合,并在还原气氛或者大气中煅烧,将煅烧后得到的粉末经湿法或者干法压制成生坯,将生坯在还原气氛中烧结,由此形成上述式的磁铅石型晶体结构单相。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种具有磁铅石型晶体结构的铁氧体磁体,以及它的制造方法。
发明背景
铁氧体磁体广泛用在各种工业中,最近,越来越多的用在汽车应用中,汽车应用中正在积极的引入电子部件和信息技术(IT)系统。由于用于汽车应用中的电子部件被明确要求降低尺寸和重量,在比如发动机中采用的铁氧体磁体被要求具有比以往更优异的磁性能。
熟知的,具有磁铅石型(M型)晶体结构的铁氧体磁体磁性能优异,对M型铁氧体磁体已进行了大量研究,目前有两种M型铁氧体磁体被用到了实际应用中:式为SrO·nFe2O3的Sr铁氧体磁体和式为BaO·nFe2O3的Ba铁氧体磁体(式中的n代表Fe2O3与SrO或者BaO之间的摩尔比率)。尤其的,已知Sr铁氧体磁体呈现出优异的磁性能。在Sr铁氧体磁体中,在构成磁铅石相的组分中,Fe2O3与SrO的化学计量组成为摩尔比率n=6.0(n=Fe2O3/SrO)。然而,在Sr铁氧体磁体的实际制造过程中,所采用的组成范围与化学计量组成相比具有显著过量的SrO,例如,其中的n为大约5.2到5.6。已知在比上述组成范围含有更多Fe2O3的组成范围中,可烧结性恶化,如果用比上述组成范围具有更多Fe2O3的组成范围来制造磁体,必须把烧结温度设定到高温,导致显著的晶体生长。这使得矫顽力明显降低。而且,为了提高磁性和改善可烧结性,经常有选择的使用总量为1-3质量%的添加剂,例如SiO2,CaCO3,Al2O3和Cr2O3。
上述具有过量SrO的组成范围(n=5.2-5.6)自然需要大量贵重的SrCO3作原料,这提高了原料成本。另外,采用高Fe2O3的组成,可以增大剩余磁通密度,但会带来上述可烧结性的问题。
为了制造高性能的磁体,必须提高矫顽力和剩余磁通密度。重要的是提高烧结密度并得到尺寸均匀的精细晶粒。为了得到高的烧结密度,必须采用高的烧结温度,但这会导致晶粒生长,不是理想选择。如上所述,可以采用添加剂,例如SiO2,CaCO3,Al2O3和Cr2O3来提高可烧结性。另一个改善可烧结性的方案是加入稀土元素的氧化物(参照例如日本专利No.S29-5139)。
进一步的,为了提高磁各向异性,可以与稀土元素结合加入钴(参照例如日本专利申请No.S62-119760)。稀土元素的加入改善可烧结性,但很多稀土元素成为取代磁铅石相中Sr2+或Ba2+的位置的正三价离子,这导致破坏了磁铅石相中的离子平衡。现在,这个问题可以通过比如用Co2+代替磁铅石相中的Fe3+的位置来处理,这样就减小了对离子平衡的扰动,由此稳定了磁铅石相。依据同样技术思想的铁氧体磁体和磁记录材料已被公开(参照,例如日本专利申请Nos.H10-149910和H11-154604)。然而,这需要结合采用贵重的钴,因而进一步增加了原料成本,尽管磁性记录材料是薄膜制品,不会遭受太大增加,而对是块状制品的铁氧体磁体而言就尤其明显。
如上所述,Sr铁氧体磁体用具有的Fe2O3与SrO的摩尔比率大约在5.2-5.6的范围的组成范围制造。这是因为,如果将摩尔比率n设定在从5.6向上到接近化学计量组成6.0的范围内,铁氧体磁体的可烧结性会显著恶化。进一步的,众所周知的,采用摩尔比率n高于6.0的组成范围,不能形成单一的磁铅石相。
例如,如果将具有的组成范围为摩尔比率n在5.6以上范围的铁氧体磁体在通常采用的温度(大约1150℃)下烧结,难以有效提高烧结密度,而且,进一步的,在具有的组成范围为摩尔比率n超过6.0的铁氧体磁体中,杂相比如Fe2O3相会剩余在铁氧体磁体中,这会导致不能得到足够的磁性能。另外,如果将铁氧体在更高的温度下烧结以补偿低的可烧结性,尽管烧结密度提高了,晶粒会长大,因而破坏磁性能。因此,Sr铁氧体磁体通常用含有的SrO比化学计量组成多(例如n大约为5.2-5.6)的组成范围来制造。这样,传统的铁氧体磁体中含有过量的昂贵的SrO,增加了制造成本。并且,加入了钴的铁氧体磁体得到了相对好的磁性能,但因为钴的高成本而导致了高的制造成本。
本发明是针对上述现有状况而提出的,本发明的一个目的是提供低廉的铁氧体磁体,其是用等于或者略低于化学计量组成的组成范围制造的,但仍得到了优异的磁性能,以及这种铁氧体磁体的制造方法。
发明简述
本发明人研究发现如果加入少量的稀土元素,并在烧结过程中严格控制氧的浓度以提供合适的还原气氛,可以制造出摩尔比率n(n=Fe2O3/SrO)等于或者略低于6.0的铁氧体磁体,并且,通过向前述铁氧体磁体中加入镁,可以保持主相中的离子平衡。本发明是基于上述发现做出的。
依据本发明的第一个方面,铁氧体磁体中包括式为(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]的磁铅石型晶体结构单相,其中,A是至少一种选自稀土元素中的元素,x,y和n是摩尔比率,其中,0<x≤0.6,0<y≤0.05,5.7≤n≤6.0;在上述铁氧体磁体中,由于甚至在等于化学计量组成或者略低于化学计量组成的组成范围适时保持了离子平衡,在磁铅石型单相中形成了具有尺寸均匀的精细晶粒的晶体结构,从而提高了磁性能。并且,由于组成范围等于或者略低于化学计量组成,昂贵的SrCOX的量得到了最小化。
在本发明的第一个方面中,铁氧体磁体中可以进一步包括至少一种选自0.01-0.5质量%的SiO2,0.01-1.0质量%的CaCO3,0.01-2.0质量%的Al2O3,以及0.01-2.0质量%的Cr2O3中的组分。由于上述组分的少量加入,可以提高铁氧体磁体的磁性和烧结反应性。
依据本发明的第二个方面,制造铁氧体磁体的方法包括步骤:称量SrCO3,Fe2O3,A2O3和MgO原料粉末;将称量的粉末混合成粉末混合物;将粉末混合物在还原气氛中煅烧;将煅烧的粉末混合物压制成生坯;将生坯在还原气氛中烧结,以形成式为(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]的磁铅石型晶体结构单相,其中,A是至少一种选自稀土元素中的元素,x,y和n是摩尔比率,其中,0<x≤0.6,0<y≤0.05,5.7≤n≤6.0。在上述制造方法中,依据本发明的具有的组成难以在大气中烧结铁氧体磁体可以在还原气氛中合适地烧结。
依据本发明的第三个方面,制造铁氧体磁体的方法包括:称量SrCO3,Fe2O3,A2O3和MgO原料粉末;将称量的粉末混合成粉末混合物;将粉末混合物在大气中煅烧;将煅烧的粉末混合物压制成生坯;将生坯在还原气氛中烧结,以形成式为(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]的磁铅石型晶体结构单相,其中,A是至少一种选自稀土元素中的元素,x,y和n是摩尔比率,其中,0<x≤0.6,0<y≤0.05,5.7≤n≤6.0。在上述制造方法中,依据本发明的、具有的组成难以在大气中烧结铁氧体磁体可以在还原气氛中合适地烧结。而粉末混合物的煅烧在大气中进行,这使得控制工作容易。
在本发明的第二个和第三个方面中,可以将生坯在还原气氛中烧结以在式中得到2ny=x。为了严格满足2ny=x,要严格选择A2O3和MgO的组成。这可完全保持磁铅石型晶体结构中的离子平衡,这对于磁性和晶体结构的稳定性是最希望的。
在本发明的第二个和第三个方面中,可采用混合稀土作为稀土元素原料。由此,可以廉价的制造铁氧体磁体。
优选实施方案详述
下面描述本发明的第一个实施方案。
依据第一个实施方案的铁氧体磁体包括式为(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]的磁铅石型晶体结构单相。这里,将Fe2O3和SrO的摩尔比率n设定在最小5.7且最大6.0是必要的。当n设定为接近化学计量组成(6.0)时,铁氧体磁体得到高的剩余磁通密度,但当n设定为超过6.0时,会损害铁氧体磁体的烧结反应性。另外,当将n设定在小于5.7时,不但不能得到高的剩余磁通密度,而且需要额外的SrO,这样增加了铁氧体的成本。结果,如上所述将n设定在5.7≤n≤6.0,由此可以同时确保高的剩余磁通密度和高的烧结反应性,这样可得到具有优异磁性能的廉价的铁氧体磁体。
在这种依据第一个实施方案的铁氧体磁体中,稀土元素A有助于改善烧结反应性。在稀土元素中,A可以是例如Ce,La,Nd和其它类似元素。在依据第一个实施方案的铁氧体磁体中含有Mg2+,以保持与选自稀土元素中的A之间的离子平衡,由此提高磁性能。并且,Mg2+比通常为保持离子平衡采用的钴便宜,这降低了铁氧体的成本。
可以向如上所述的依据第一个实施方案的铁氧体磁体组成中加入至少一种选自0.01-0.5质量%的SiO2,0.01-1.0质量%的CaCO3,0.01-2.0质量%的Al2O3,以及0.01-2.0质量%的Cr2O3中的组分。上述组分有助于提高磁性和/或改善烧结反应性。
下面描述本发明的第二个实施方案
第二个实施方案涉及制造铁氧体磁体的方法,其中,称量氧化铁,碳酸锶,稀土元素,氧化镁以及其它类似物质的原料粉末,将其混合成粉末混合物,将粉末混合物煅烧,粉碎,压制成生坯,将生坯烧结。
来自在炼铁厂中通过铁钢酸洗工艺去除的铁锈的氧化铁粉末以及纯的氧化铁粉末都可用作氧化铁原料粉末。在来自去除的铁锈的氧化铁粉末中,除了氧化铁外,存在比如Ca,Si,Cl,S,P,Mg,Cr,Ni,Co,V和其它类似的组分。上述组分中的Ca,Si,Cl,S,P在铁氧体磁体生产中的煅烧步骤和烧结步骤中经加热大多数被烧尽,只有少量剩余在铁氧体磁体中。另外,晶格常数近似等于Fe的晶格常数的Mg,Cr,Ni,Co,V和其它类似的组分,甚至在炼铁厂中经过精炼处理后仍会包含在铁钢中。然而,在铁氧体磁体中,少量的Mg,Cr和类似的物质不会带来问题,并且,如上所述,Ca和Si则有助于提高磁性能。
在依据本发明的第二个实施方案的制造方法中,可以采用混合稀土。混合稀土是稀土元素的混合物,例如,含有Ce(40-50质量%),La(20-40质量%)和Pr,Nd以及类似的元素,其在没有分离提纯成各种单一元素时就可以用作稀土元素材料。稀土元素在地壳中以微量存在,镧系元素,锕系元素以及类似元素在化学性质上彼此相似,所以难以分离提纯,这增大了分离提纯的成本。因此,采用混合稀土作铁氧体磁体的原料,显著降低了铁氧体磁体的制造成本。
煅烧步骤可有选择的在从1000到1400℃的温度范围内进行。优选的,将煅烧粉末混合物粉碎成尺寸均匀且平均直径在0.5-1.2微米范围之内的颗粒。在粉碎步骤中,根据需要,可以加入微量的SiO2,CaCO3,Al2O3,Cr2O3或者其它类似的物质,而且,上述的稀土元素和氧化镁原料粉末也可以在这步中加入,而不是在煅烧步骤之前加入。
将粉碎的颗粒,要么采用湿法从浆料压成生坯,要么采用干法在干燥后压成生坯。压制步骤可在400-1200kA/m的磁场中进行。
将生坯烧结,同时严格控制气氛中的氧浓度,以有助于烧结具有的组成为5.7≤n≤6.0的,因此本身难以烧结的铁氧体。如果将气氛保持在适当的还原状态,在这种组成中难以形成的氧离子原子空位就可主动形成。氧离子尺寸比其它金属离子大,当形成很多的氧离子空位时,其它的金属离子就可通过这些原子空位积极扩散,结果,烧结步骤容易进行。这样,即使n等于或者略小于6.0,通过适当的控制气氛中的氧浓度,生坯就可以在通常所用的大约1150℃的温度下适当烧结,此时晶粒不会过度生长,生坯可以完全烧结,这可阻止Fe2O3和SrO的剩余以及杂相的生成。气氛中的氧浓度靠通入氮气,氮气和氢气的混合物以及其它类似的气体进行控制。
铁氧体烧结在大约从600℃到最高温度之间的温度范围内进行。因此,在从600℃到最高温度的升温过程,最高温度保持过程和从最高温度到约600℃的冷却过程中要控制好气氛中的氧浓度。在从室温到大约600℃的升温过程中,为了将有机物质,比如包含在粉末生坯中的粘结剂烧尽,优选的将氧浓度设高。由于在低于500℃的温度范围内,在铁氧体中不会发生氧化还原反应,在冷却过程中对气氛中的氧浓度的控制只到500℃。
<实施例>
进一步用下面的实施例对本发明进行详细描述。要注意实施例不是穷尽的,不会将本发明限制在这里所公开的任何具体的形式。
称量各自指定量的SrCO3,Fe2O3,MgO和稀土元素氧化物的原料粉末,用湿法混合,得到粉末混合物。将这样得到的一些粉末混合物在1300℃下在大气中煅烧2小时,另一些在靠通入氮气控制氧浓度的气氛中煅烧。向煅烧的粉末混合物中加入0.3质量%的SiO2,0.3质量%的CaCO3和0.5质量%的Al2O3,用粉碎机湿法粉碎,得到平均直径为0.7微米的细小颗粒。
将所得到的细小颗粒用湿法在800kA/m的磁场中压制成生坯,在300℃下干燥。将一些生坯在大气中于1150℃烧结1小时,其它的在靠通入氮气控制氧浓度的气氛中烧结。这样,制备了如表1中所示的发明样品(铁氧体磁体)1-5和对比样品(铁氧体磁体)1-3。
对所制备的铁氧体磁体样品的组成进行分析,测定式(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]中的x,y和n,同时测定该式所代表的主相的摩尔比率。x(A),y(Mg)和n的测定采用荧光x射线法完成,主相的测定用X射线衍射法完成。测定结果如表1中所示。
表1
n | A | Mg | 主相的摩尔比(%) | ||
元素 | x | y | |||
发明样品1 | 6.0 | Ce | 0.12 | 0.01 | 100 |
发明样品2 | 5.9 | Ce | 0.24 | 0.02 | 100 |
对比样品1 | 5.8 | Ce | 0.18 | - | 93 |
对比样品2 | 5.7 | - | - | 0.03 | 96 |
发明样品3 | 5.7 | La | 0.34 | 0.03 | 100 |
发明样品4 | 5.7 | Nd | 0.34 | 0.03 | 100 |
发明样品5 | 5.7 | Mm(1) | 0.34 | 0.03 | 100 |
对比样品3 | 5.4 | Ce | 0.36 | 0.09 | 100 |
(1)混合稀土
然后,用磁通量计测量铁氧体磁体样品的最大能积(BH)max,剩余磁通密度Br和矫顽力Hc,所得测定值以及相应的煅烧和烧结气氛条件如表2中所示。
表2
气氛 | (BH)max[kJ/m3] | Br[T] | Hc[kA/m] | ||
煅烧 | 烧结 | ||||
发明样品1 | 大气 | 还原 | 40.6 | 0.436 | 340 |
发明样品2 | 大气 | 还原 | 40.5 | 0.421 | 368 |
对比样品1 | 大气 | 大气 | 28.2 | 0.335 | 221 |
对比样品2 | 大气 | 还原 | 30.0 | 0.347 | 246 |
发明样品3 | 还原 | 还原 | 40.3 | 0.420 | 367 |
发明样品4 | 大气 | 还原 | 40.1 | 0.417 | 366 |
发明样品5 | 大气 | 还原 | 39.1 | 0.417 | 360 |
对比样品3 | 大气 | 还原 | 36.3 | 0.408 | 349 |
表1和2中的结果表明,通过加入稀土元素和适当降低气氛中的氧浓度,本发明的铁氧体磁体(发明样品1-6)被适当烧结。结果,主相的摩尔比率是100%,没有发现未反应的剩余的Fe2O3和类似相。并且,通过加入Mg2+,保持了铁氧体相中的离子平衡。得到了优异的最大能积,剩余磁通密度和矫顽力。
而对于对比样品1-3中的铁氧体磁体,表1和表2表明了如下内容。对比样品1的铁氧体磁体在大气气氛中烧结,因而烧结不好,在其中没有Mg2+,因此铁氧体相中的离子平衡受到扰动。而且,在不含稀土元素,例如Ce的对比样品2中的铁氧体磁体烧结不充分。结果,对比样品1和2中的铁氧体磁体中包括未反应的剩余的Fe2O3和类似相,最大能积,剩余磁通密度和矫顽力,相对于本发明的铁氧体磁体(发明样品1-6)低劣。对比样品3中的铁氧体磁体尽管不如本发明的铁氧体磁体(发明样品1-5)好,在最大能积,剩余磁通密度和矫顽力方面是可取的,但含有太多的SrO,所以不能廉价生产,因此实现不了本发明的目的。
依据本发明,通过加入稀土元素和Mg2+,并在还原气氛中烧结,可制得具有磁铅石型晶体结构单相的铁氧体磁体,并且该结构具有的组成中,Fe2O3和SrO的摩尔比率等于或略小于化学计量组成6.0。这样制得的铁氧体磁体呈现出优异的磁性能,并且因为没有大量使用昂贵的原料而成本低廉。
Claims (6)
1.包括式为(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]的磁铅石型晶体结构单相的铁氧体磁体,其中,A是至少一种选自稀土元素中的元素,x,y和n是摩尔比率,其中,0<x≤0.6,0<y≤0.05,5.7≤n≤6.0。
2.依据权利要求1中的铁氧体磁体,其中铁氧体磁体中还包括至少一种选自0.01-0.5质量%的SiO2,0.01-1.0质量%的CaCO3,0.01-2.0质量%的Al2O3,以及0.01-2.0质量%的Cr2O3中的组分。
3.一种制造铁氧体磁体的方法,该方法包括步骤:
称量SrCO3,Fe2O3,A2O3和MgO原料粉末;
将称量的粉末混合成粉末混合物;
将粉末混合物在还原气氛中煅烧;
将煅烧的粉末混合物压制成生坯;
将生坯在还原气氛中烧结,
以形成式为(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]的磁铅石型晶体结构单相,其中,A是至少一种选自稀土元素中的元素,x,y和n是摩尔比率,其中,0<x≤0.6,0<y≤0.05,5.7≤n≤6.0。
4.一种制造铁氧体磁体的方法,该方法包括步骤:
称量SrCO3,Fe2O3,A2O3和MgO原料粉末;
将称量的粉末混合成粉末混合物;
将粉末混合物在大气中煅烧;
将煅烧的粉末混合物压制成生坯;
将生坯在还原气氛中烧结,
以形成式为(Sr1-xAx)O·n[(Fe3+ 1-yMg2+ y)2O3]的磁铅石型晶体结构单相,其中,A是至少一种选自稀土元素中的元素,x,y和n是摩尔比率,其中,0<x≤0.6,0<y≤0.05,5.7≤n≤6.0。
5.依据权利要求3或4中的制造铁氧体磁体的方法,其中,生坯在还原气氛中烧结,以在所述式中得到2ny=x。
6.依据权利要求3至5任意之一中的制造铁氧体磁体的方法,其中,采用混合稀土作为所述稀土元素的原料。
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CN104129982A (zh) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 郭永志 | 一种铁氧体复合材料的制备方法 |
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TWI758224B (zh) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-03-11 | 國立高雄科技大學 | 改質鐵氧體磁粉及磁石的製造方法 |
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