CN1756052A - 带有双边定子的电机 - Google Patents

带有双边定子的电机 Download PDF

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CN1756052A
CN1756052A CNA2005101088951A CN200510108895A CN1756052A CN 1756052 A CN1756052 A CN 1756052A CN A2005101088951 A CNA2005101088951 A CN A2005101088951A CN 200510108895 A CN200510108895 A CN 200510108895A CN 1756052 A CN1756052 A CN 1756052A
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stator
wind turbine
turbine generator
iron core
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CN1756052B (zh
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P·L·詹森
J·P·莱昂斯
R·J·小卡尔
曲荣海
J·M·福加蒂
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/207—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium with openings in the casing specially adapted for ambient air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • B63H2005/1254—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis
    • B63H2005/1258—Podded azimuthing thrusters, i.e. podded thruster units arranged inboard for rotation about vertical axis with electric power transmission to propellers, i.e. with integrated electric propeller motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
    • B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
    • B63H5/125—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers movably mounted with respect to hull, e.g. adjustable in direction, e.g. podded azimuthing thrusters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/086—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

用于风力涡轮(10)和船舶推进装置(710)的电机，包括带有两个同心气隙的风力涡轮发电机(12)或船舶推进电动机(712)。在一个实施例中，电机包括带有内转子铁心(20)和外转子铁心(16)的转子(14)；以及带有内定子边(30)和外定子边(26)的双边定子(24)。该双边定子(24)同心地设在内转子铁心(20)和外转子铁心(16)之间。

Description

带有双边定子的电机
技术领域
本申请包括涉及到与本申请同时提交的题为“带有双边叠片组的电机”的美国专利申请No.10/951329(代理人档案号No.148901-2)的主题，该申请通过引用结合于本文中。
本发明大体上涉及风力涡轮发电机和船舶推进电动机。
背景技术
风通常被视为太阳能的一种形式，它是因太阳对大气的不均匀加热、地球表面的不规则性以及地球的自转所造成的。风的流型被地球的地形、水体和植被所改变。用语“风能”或“风力”描述了风被用来产生机械动力或发电的过程。
通常来说，风力涡轮用来将风中的动能转化成机械动力。这种机械动力可用于特定的工作(例如磨谷物或者抽水)，或者可用发电机来将该机械动力转化成电力。风力涡轮通常包括空气动力机构，其用于将空气的运动转化成机械动力，然后由发电机将该机械动力转化成电力。发电机的功率输出与风速的立方成比例。当风速加倍时，风力发电机的容量增加了几乎八倍。
大部分可买到的风力涡轮采用齿轮传动系来将涡轮叶片连接在风力发电机上。风使涡轮叶片转动，涡轮叶片使轴自转，轴装在齿轮箱中并连接在风力发电机上并进行发电。齿轮传动装置旨在增加机械运动的速度。齿轮传动装置的缺点在于，它降低了风力涡轮的可靠性，并且增大了风力涡轮的噪声和成本。
也可以买到一些采用直接驱动式发电机的风力涡轮。直接驱动式发电机的大直径提出了在工厂和在风力涡轮安装现场的运输和装配方面的比较困难的挑战。随着风力涡轮行业的成熟和技术改进，将需要更大的额定功率来继续实现能耗的降低。用于陆上涡轮机的标准额定功率预期在今后若干年内会达到3MW或更大，而海上涡轮机预期会达到5MW或更大。
为了使风力涡轮发展至较高的额定功率，传统的方法是增大直接驱动式发电机的直径或轴向(层叠)长度。单纯从发电机电磁的角度来看，增大直径是优选的，但从运输、框架和装配的角度来看就没有吸引力，尤其是对于陆上涡轮机而言。在保持直径小于约4.1-4.3米的同时增大发电机的轴向长度缓解了陆上涡轮机的运输问题，但会导致复杂和昂贵的框架结构以及较长的轴向长度。
因此，需要提供具有较大额定功率和较小直径的成本效率合算的风力涡轮。
发明内容
简而言之，根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种风力涡轮。该风力涡轮的发电机包括至少两个同心的气隙。在一个示例性实施例中，该发电机是双边发电机，其包括至少一个带有内转子铁心和外转子铁心的转子，以及至少一个带有内定子边和外定子边的双边定子。该至少一个双边定子同心地设在内转子铁心和外转子铁心之间。
简而言之，根据本发明的另一实施例，提供了一种风力涡轮发电机。该风力涡轮发电机包括至少两个同心的气隙。该风力涡轮发电机包括带有内转子铁心和外转子铁心的至少一个转子，以及带有内定子边和外定子边的至少一个双边定子。该至少一个双边定子同心地设在内转子铁心和外转子铁心之间。
简而言之，根据本发明的另一实施例，提供了一种船舶推进电动机。该船舶推进电动机包括至少两个同心的气隙。该电动机包括带有内转子铁心和外转子铁心的至少一个转子，以及带有内定子边和外定子边的至少一个双边定子。该至少一个双边定子同心地设在内转子铁心和外转子铁心之间。
附图说明
通过参考附图来阅读以下详细介绍，可以更好地理解本发明的这些和其它的特征、方面及优点，在附图中类似的标号代表类似的部件，其中：
图1显示了包括示例性直接驱动式双边发电机的风力涡轮的剖视图；
图2显示了带有双边定子和转子的图1所示示例性发电机的剖视图；
图3显示了图2所示双边定子的三维剖视图；
图4显示了图2所示转子的一个示意性图示；
图5显示了在图2所示设置中带有液体冷却管的示例性实施例；
图6显示了在图2所示设置中具有用于强迫空气冷却的孔的示例性实施例；和
图7显示了包括示例性双边船舶推进电动机的船舶的推进毂罩单元的剖视图。
图中各标号的含义如下：10风力涡轮；12发电机；14转子；16外转子铁心；18外PM；20内转子铁心；22内PM；24双边定子；26外定子边；28外定子绕组(线圈)；30内定子边；32内定子绕组(线圈)；34固定框架；36主框架；38塔架；39空气通道；40冷却通道；41定子铁心支撑件；42转子叶片；44转子叶片毂；46转子扭矩管；48机壳(nacelle)；49转子毂盖；50机壳盖；52旋转框架；54毂法兰；56主轴和轴承组件；58前主轴承；60后主轴承；62外气隙；64内气隙；66外铁心叠片；68内铁心叠片；70外定子绕组；72内定子绕组；74冷却通道的表面；76前导流锥；78后导流锥；80液体冷却管；82轴向孔；84气流方向；85排气孔；710船只的一部分；712电动机；714转子；716外转子铁心；718外PM；720内转子铁心；722内PM；724双边定子；726外定子边；728外定子绕组(线圈)；730内定子边；732内定子绕组(线圈)；734螺旋桨；736安装和轴承组件；738框架组件。
具体实施方式
本发明包括了尤其适用于直接驱动式风力涡轮和船舶推进装置、但是如果需要的话也可用于齿轮传动式单元的双边发电机和电动机的不同实施例。在下文中描述的这些不同构造是基于双边的、径向磁通的、同步的电机。尽管出于说明目的而介绍和显示了永磁(PM)电机，然而也可以使用其它的电机如绕组励磁电机，并且可通过载流的传导线圈来实现励磁。这些构造有助于实现具有增大额定功率(＞2.0MW)的成本效率合算的风力涡轮，并且尤其有利于外径会受到运输限制条件的约束的陆上应用。
现在来看附图，图1是风力涡轮10的剖视图的示意性图示，其带有直接驱动式双边PM发电机12的一个示例性实施例。风力涡轮10的PM发电机12包括至少两个同心的径向磁通气隙(图1中未示出，参考图2在下文中论述)，从而有效地将PM发电机12转化成两个同心的发电机。因此，本领域的技术人员可以理解，对于由外径和轴向长度所限定的相同总包迹而言，PM发电机12可比单边发电机产生高很多的功率输出。因此在实践中，对于相同的总直径和轴向长度而言，2MW的单边发电机可被能产生3-3.6MW的双边发电机取代。等效的是，具有6米直径的3MW单边PM发电机可被仅具有4.3米直径的相同轴向长度的双边发电机取代，从而使整个发电机可作为一个单元而进行陆上运输。
如图1所示，风力涡轮10的一个示例性实施例包括发电机12中的转子14。转子14包括带有外永磁体18或励磁线圈的外转子铁心16，以及带有内永磁体22或励磁线圈的内转子铁心20。发电机12还包括双边定子24，其包括带有外定子线圈28的外定子边26以及带有内定子线圈32的内定子边30。在操作中，双边定子24的动力输出由能够进行完全动力转换的动力转换单元(未示出)来输送和控制。定子24连接到固定框架34上，固定框架34又连接到主框架36上。主框架还通过传统的偏动轴承(yaw bearing)和齿轮传动系统(未示出)而安装在塔架38上。在一个更具体的示例中，在外定子边26和内定子边30之间设置了冷却通道40。下面将参考图2来说明发电机12的更多详细的特征。
图1所示的风力涡轮10还包括连接在具有转子毂盖49的转子叶片毂44上的转子叶片42。转子叶片毂44通过转子扭矩管46而连接在发电机转子14上。转子14(发动机转子)连接在旋转框架52上。机壳盖50通常可保护机壳内的部件不受外界影响。转子叶片毂44还安装在位于主旋转扭矩管46上的法兰54上。固定毂56通过轴承组件将转子扭矩管连接到主框架36上。尽管显示了两个主轴承即前主轴承58和后主轴承60，然而包括一个主轴承在内的其它轴承构造也是可以的。可通过旋转框架和固定框架中(即处于PM发电机12与主轴承组件56之间)的进入孔或者选择性地通过主固定毂和轴承组件56来接近转子叶片毂44。本领域的技术人员可以理解，主轴承和轴直径的大小可根据用来接近毂的手段来设置，例如，较大直径的主轴承(例如约1.5米或以上)将有助于接近毂。使用低成本的、例如小于或等于约1.0米的小直径轴承将可能需要通过进入孔来接近毂。
在安装现场装配风力涡轮10通常这样来完成：首先吊起主框架36，然后吊起PM发电机12(包括主轴和轴承组件56)，之后是涡轮、转子毂44和叶片42。机壳盖50在最后一个步骤中安装。图2是图1所示PM发电机12的详细视图。如上所述，PM发电机12包括转子14和定子24，转子14带有外转子铁心16和内转子铁心20，而定子24带有外定子边26和内定子边30。外转子铁心16相对于内转子铁心20倒置。各转子铁心具有各自的永磁体，即外永磁体18和内永磁体22，或者连接在与定子24相对的侧面上的永磁磁极组件。定子24同心地设置在外转子铁心16和内转子铁心20之间。外定子边26和内定子边30促进了所述至少两个同心的径向磁通气隙62，64。冷却通道40将外定子边26和内定子边30分隔开。在一个特定示例中，冷却通道40还包括定子铁心支撑件41，其机械式地连接在固定框架34上并且为定子24提供了安装面和刚度。定子铁心支撑件41优选由工具钢或铸铁制成，然而它也可以是铝或任何其它也是良好导热体的普通结构材料。
可以使用多种冷却PM发电机12的方法，包括但不限于经由管道送风的空气冷却、经由鼓风机或风扇的强制性空气冷却，以及液体冷却。在所示的一个特定实施例中，PM发电机12的冷却通过使风流过集成在定子铁心支撑件41和固定框架34内的冷却通道40并且冷却外定子边26和内定子边30来实现。除了空气动力学形状的转子毂盖49和机壳盖50(如图1所示)之外，位于PM发电机12的前部(导流锥)76和后部78上的空气动力学形罩盖将自然流入的风引导成流经冷却通道40。
图3显示了如上针对图1和图2所示双边定子24的扩大的三维剖视图。在图3所示的实施例中，图1所示的外定子边26和内定子边30均包括相应的铁心叠片组，即外铁心叠片66和内铁心叠片68。如图所示，外定子铁心叠片组66和内定子铁心叠片组68通过定子铁心支撑件41与冷却通道40热连接。在一个示例中，定子叠片通常被压缩并安装在定子铁心支撑件41上。可以使用用来将铁心叠片组66，68连接到定子铁心支撑件41的表面74上的多种公知的方法，包括螺栓固定的框架构造。各个定子绕组70，72插入到形成于定子铁心组的齿之间的槽中。绕组可以是多相交流电机所常用的任何类型的结构。在一个具体示例中，绕组是密集的线圈，其均围绕着单个的定子齿。各线圈连接到电机的一个相上，形成了平衡绕组的至少一个三相组。典型的带齿绕组具有每相每极1/2个槽，即每定子边64个磁极、3个相和96个槽(线圈)。也存在着许多其它的可能性，例如每相每极2/5个槽的绕组；例如每定子边80个磁极、3个相和96个槽(线圈)。也可以使用更传统的绕组，例如配电用两层叠绕组。
图4显示了如上针对图1和图2所示转子14的的示意性图示。转子14具有外转子铁心16和内转子铁心20，以及与旋转框架52相连的其各自的永磁体(18和22)。如图所示，与外转子铁心和内转子铁心相关的永磁体18和22可以是对齐的或在角位置上有变化的，即它们构造成偏开，从而显著地减少了因打榫和绕组调谐所带来的净扭矩波动，同时发电机的扭矩性能或净效率只有很少的降低。图4还显示了空气通道39，其使空气可流动到定子中的冷却通道40内(见图3)，空气通道39设置在外转子铁心16和内转子铁心20之间并与它们间隔开。
图5和图6显示了用于冷却图1和图2所示PM发电机12的两个具体的示例性实施例。在图5所示的实施例中，PM发电机12包括液体冷却管80，其作为设置在外定子边26和内定子边30中的至少一个的附近的冷却通道。液体冷却管80可设置成邻近于外或内定子边的线圈或齿的附近。液体冷却管80采用液体来冷却外定子边26和/或内定子边30。在一个示例中，液体冷却管80设置在定子24两侧或任一侧的槽底。所用液体通常是水-乙二醇和去离子水中的至少一种，但也可使用常用于冷却电机的任何其它液体。冷却管80可以是用于制造冷却管的任何材料，例如为铝、铜、不锈钢及其任何组合的材料，并且可采用常用于冷却电机的任何其它材料。冷却管80可通过一组串联或并联的连接件而与一个或多个回路相连。可采用热交换器(未示出)来将冷却液体所吸收的热量传递至周围空气中。液体冷却是有利的，这是因为它提供了更紧凑的机器，它们可完全地封闭以便与环境间隔开。特别是，在上述液体冷却的例子中，净定子铁心的厚度比风冷设计更小。因此就增大了内气隙64(图2)的直径，从而对于同一总外径和轴向长度而言增大了PM发电机12的动力性能。
在图6所示的另一示例中，冷却PM发电机12通过在定子24中提供多个轴向孔82来实现。该多个轴向孔82可设置在多个位置，例如在定子槽的底部(处于定子绕组和所示铁心之间)、定子轭架的靠近框架的背部、定子齿或甚至是单个定子线圈之间。也可在定子铁心叠片中冲出多个轴向孔82，或者只是在线圈之间或在线圈与铁心叠片之间的空间内设置轴向孔82。气流可在两个定子边沿同一方向84流动，如图所示，或者沿一个定子向下流动并回到另一个定子。可在旋转框架中设置排出孔85以实现单向气流。在另一示例中，可采用鼓风机(未示出)来使空气强制性地以非常高的速度流过该多个轴向孔82。在该示例中，空气从环境空气中流出，提供了开放的排放结构。另一示例性示例包括热交换器，用于形成封闭的强制性空气结构。
对于风力涡轮而言，如上在不同实施例中描述的双边发电机12与单边发电机相比提供了若干优点。最大的优点包括对于给定额定功率而言降低了框架质量，和/或对于安装在给定运输体积内的发电机而言提高了额定功率。其它的优点例如包括，两个同心气隙内的径向磁力沿相反的方向作用，从而抵消或至少显著地减小了在间隙的各周向位置处的净径向磁力。这便减小了定子的径向偏转，同时还减小了振动和噪音。
尽管主要已在风力涡轮的方面介绍了本发明的实施例，然而本发明的概念可以用于其它应用中，其中一个示例是船舶推进电动机。图7显示了船舶推进毂罩单元710的剖视图，其包括示例性的双边船舶推进电动机712、螺旋桨734、安装和轴承组件736以及框架组件738。船舶推进电动机712包括转子714，其包括带有外永磁体718的外转子铁心716和带有内永磁体722的内转子铁心720。电动机712还包括双边定子724，其包括带有外定子绕组728的外定子边726和带有内定子绕组732的内定子边730。该至少一个双边定子同心地设在船舶推进电动机的内转子铁心和外转子铁心之间。许多具体的转子构造细节与风力涡轮实施例中的类似，在这里不再重复。
尽管在本文中只显示和介绍了本发明的某些特征，然而本领域的技术人员可以进行多种修改和变化。因此可以理解，所附权利要求旨在覆盖属于本发明的精神实质内的所有这些修改和变化。

Claims (10)

1.一种风力涡轮发电机(12)，包括：
至少一个带有内转子铁心(20)和外转子铁心(16)的转子(14)；和
至少一个带有内定子边(30)和外定子边(26)的双边定子(24)，
其中，所述至少一个双边定子(24)同心地设在所述风力涡轮发电机的内转子铁心(20)和外转子铁心(16)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机(12)包括直接驱动式发电机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，所述内转子铁心(20)和外转子铁心(16)包括各自的内永磁体(22)和外永磁体(18)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机(12)包括直接驱动式发电机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机还包括至少一个将所述内定子边(30)和外定子边(26)分隔开的冷却通道(40)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，所述至少一个冷却通道(40)构造成用于使用风来冷却所述内定子边(30)和外定子边(26)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，所述至少一个冷却通道(40)包括与固定框架(34)相连的定子铁心支撑件(41)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机还包括至少一个液体冷却管(80)，其设置在所述内定子边(30)和外定子边(26)中的至少一个的附近。
9.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机还包括多个轴向孔(82)，其位于所述至少一个双边定子(24)内并构造成用于使冷却空气流经所述定子。
10.一种船舶推进电动机(712)，包括：
至少一个带有内转子铁心(720)和外转子铁心(716)的转子(714)；和
至少一个带有内定子边(730)和外定子边(726)的双边定子(724)，
其中，所述至少一个双边定子同心地设在所述船舶推进电动机的内转子铁心和外转子铁心之间。
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