CN1741903A - 改进的热塑性单层保护覆盖层 - Google Patents
改进的热塑性单层保护覆盖层 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
改进的单层、防水顶部覆盖层，所述顶部覆盖层具有用于粘附到如建筑顶部或运输交通工具的基材上的挤出压敏橡胶基粘合剂衬背，该粘合剂包括与聚异丁烯和低分子量聚丁烯混合的含有至少25％丁基橡胶的热塑性橡胶。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于顶部层面和运输交通工具包括汽车、卡车、火车、船及类似物的单层暴露于天气的覆盖层，所述覆盖层呈具有改进的顶部附着物的伸长片材形态，所述顶部附着物包括在它非暴露的底面上涂布的压敏、橡胶基粘合剂。
背景技术
自1970年以来使用的传统的单层顶部覆盖层或膜存在若干问题，涉及安装的简便性、导致更高能源成本的差的光反射率、导致接缝破损的收缩性、耗时的附着、替换和修理程序、引起裂缝和挠性损失的低耐气温酷寒性和较低耐化学腐蚀粘合力。使用乙烯/丙烯/丁二烯(EPDM)共聚物的单层片材的传统顶部由于膜的收缩性而遭到渗漏和接缝破损。引入替换粘合剂的接缝封带已经部分地改善了这种情况；然而，封带的应用是耗时的并且在修理和替换过程中遇到困难。单层聚氯乙烯(PVC)/增塑剂片材目前更广泛地用于顶部，因为它具有若干优于EPDM的优点。例如，虽然更昂贵，但是它适用于白色或稍微着色的膜以求更好的光反射率，由此实现能源成本的显著节约。此外PVC对多种潜在有害的化学制品具有高的抵抗力。尽管具有这些优点，聚氯乙烯片的安装与昂贵并耗时的热焊缝有关以便确保防水安全性。此外，在一些场合中，增塑剂渗移的问题已经引起了系统故障。乙烯/丙烯共聚物(TPO)和其它的热塑性烯烃聚合物的片材具有优于上述片材的若干优点，包括显著地减少收缩性、高反射率、良好的耐气候性以及改进的抗冲击和抗穿刺性，由此找出和最小化先前单层顶部失效的原因。
已经使用或提出了不同的将上述片材附着到顶部的方法。这些方法包括用螺旋钉和锚板通过膜机械地紧固入顶部层面；使用岩石或替换的集料稳定膜来保持膜在适当的位置，然后将包含芳族组分的接触粘合剂涂布到基材和膜上，所述接触粘合剂要求延时固化时间来使涂布表面粘合。另外，后者所述的方法存在源自在固化过程期间气化的有害的甲苯或二甲苯烟的健康危害。
因此，本发明的一个目的是在保持单层顶部有益性质的同时克服上述耗时的方法和其它的不足，所述有益的性质包括优良的耐撕破性、耐剥落性和抗穿刺性、耐低温性以避免裂缝、以及耐化学腐蚀性。
另一个目的是提供一种单层顶部覆盖层，它可以消除机械紧固、压载、热焊接、固化时间和要求固化时间的补充胶粘。
还有另一个目的是实现粘附于单层顶部元件的表面替换或修补的简化。
又一个目的是提供改进的包装在连续卷中的单层片材，在剥落硅树脂剥离衬带之后可以即刻使用所述片材。
这些和其它的目的以及优点可以从下列说明和内容中变得明显。
发明内容
按照本发明，提供一种传统的加强或非加强的单层顶部(single ply roof)覆盖层或膜的片材，任选的，它具有退火(annealed)到它底面的粘合剂吸收材料层、和至少具有涂有压敏粘合剂的膜的底面边缘或粘合剂吸收层，所述压敏粘合剂包含(a)含有至少约25％丁基橡胶的橡胶基聚合物、或聚合物的混合物；(b)聚(异丁烯)和低分子量的聚丁烯或上述组分的混合物。
具体实施方式
本发明包括一种单层顶部片材，所述顶部片材包括用作顶部层面或运输交通工具的任何上述的那些或任何其它的单层膜。合适膜的典型例子是热塑性聚烯烃如TPO、PVC、EPDM和其它的热塑性烯烃聚合物。
除具体的应用例如周围接缝(around joints)或防水板(flashing)需要更大的柔韧性之外，该膜可以包括用于增加强度而嵌入热塑性聚合物的稀松布(scrim)。该稀松布通常是由聚酯或其它纤维或编织材料例如尼龙、腈纶纤维等等组成。
另外，该加强或非加强的膜可以具有粘合剂吸收片材以在粘合层和膜层之间提供更强的结合，将所述粘合剂吸收片材退火到它的底面。合适的粘合剂吸收片材是由毡、羊毛、或者任何其它的纤维素的或合成材料如例如尼龙或腈纶纤维的无规则或编织纤维组成。
通过压敏、聚合粘合剂或粘合剂混合物的1到50密耳底涂层、优选3到30密耳底涂层，将本发明的单层片材附着于顶部基材，所述压敏、聚合粘合剂或粘合剂混合物至少涂布到热塑性膜或粘合剂吸附层底面边缘的外缘。合适的压敏粘合剂是那些无需固化结合的，它包括(a)包含至少25wt％丁基橡胶的压敏橡胶基热塑性聚合物，其混有(b)聚(异丁烯)和(c)聚(丁烯)，或(a)的混合物。组分(a)包括已知的热塑性橡胶如SB、SBS、SIS、SEBS。优选的压敏粘合剂混合物包含近似相等数量的丁基橡胶、具有数均分子量约70,000到约400,000的聚(异丁烯)和具有数均分子量约700到约2,700的聚丁烯。最希望的是混合物包含约32-34wt％的丁基橡胶例如由EXXON/MOBIL提供的EXXPRO、约32-34wt％的聚异丁烯例如也是由EXXON/MOBIL提供的VISTONEX和约30-36wt％的聚丁烯例如由BP AMOCO提供的INDOPOL。粘合剂混合物可以另外包含直到3％的稀释剂或增稠剂，这取决于膜的重量和与它使用相关的气候条件。
粘合剂也可以包含少量的、小于5％的抗氧化剂和/或碳氢化合物或橡胶增粘剂，例如C6至C12，例如由EXXON/MOBIL提供的ESCOREVZ。
包括任何粘合剂吸收层的加强的或非加强的单层膜的厚度可以在约25和60密耳之间、优选在约40和约50密耳之间变化。本发明的压敏粘合剂处理的膜的总厚度在约45和约75密耳之间、最优选在约55和约65密耳之间。
当以连续卷的方式包装时，本发明的膜用牛皮纸或硅树脂处理的剥离片材包面，以覆盖粘合表面，其中可以容易地在安装到顶部之前剥落剥离材料。因为不需要机械紧固、无粘合剂固化时间、无压载和不使用附加的粘合剂化学制品，因此大大简化了即用膜的安装。将该片材简单地切削到应有的尺寸，剥落剥离片材，把膜置于顶部上用于即刻安装，当在膜结构中熔接任何接缝时将膜瞬间粘合到基材上。
本发明改进的单层膜展现了优良的超过250lbf(磅力)的抗穿刺性、124×140lbf或更大的撕裂强度和大于45lbs的剥离强度。另外，当它在低的和结冰的温度下保持挠度时，该膜具有良好的耐化学性。此外，该压敏粘合层允许该膜与基材的不平整度和不同的顶部区如顶部四坡和凹部一致。
已经概括地描述了本发明，可以参考下列例子，其阐明优选的实施方案和与当前单层膜对比的实施例；然而，这些实施例并不认为是对如权利要求所定义的本发明范围的限制。
实施例1
将等份的平均分子量为100,00的聚异丁烯、平均分子量约为1,000的聚丁烯和包含30wt％的丁基橡胶的苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯聚合物挤压到混合锅中，然后在220℃下搅拌0.5小时以提供可涂抹的压敏粘合剂。将粘合剂以约50密耳的厚度涂布在单层聚氯乙烯膜的底面以提供具有抗风升力而无需机械紧固的单层顶部层面覆盖层。
实施例2
除了使用嵌入膜中的玻璃毡席稀松布加强单层膜之外，重复上述方法。由此产生的产品当应用于顶部层面时展现了良好的抗风升力。
实施例3
除了单层膜具有毡纤维的底面粘合剂-吸收层以增加在涂布步骤中膜吸取的压敏粘合剂的量来提供75密耳的粘合剂底涂层之外，再次重复实施例1。这个产品当应用于顶部层面时也展现了良好的抗风升力。
在没有违背发明范围的情况下，应该明白其它的压敏粘合剂组分可以整体或部分地代替用于组合物的(a)、(b)和(c)或仅仅(a)的一部分，但是上述的替代常会存在本发明背景技术讨论的上述一个或多个缺点，这取决于它们的浓度。上述的压敏材料替代粘合剂包括丙烯酸类聚合物和聚氨酯。
Claims (13)
1.在一种单层热塑性顶部覆盖膜中，改进之处在于包含在所述膜的底面上涂布的层厚度在约45和约75密耳之间的聚合压敏粘合剂。
2.权利要求1所述的改进，其中压敏粘合剂包含(a)含有至少25wt％丁基橡胶的热塑性橡胶基聚合物和所述橡胶基聚合物混合物；(b)具有约40,000到400,000数均分子量的聚异丁烯；(c)具有约700到约2,500的聚丁烯和任选的(d)增稠剂、稀释剂、抗氧化剂和橡胶增粘剂的聚合混合物。
3.权利要求2所述的改进，其中所述粘合剂包含近似等份的丁基橡胶基聚合物、聚(异丁烯)和聚(丁烯)。
4.权利要求3所述的改进，其中所述粘合剂包含在约32和约34wt％之间的丁基橡胶基聚合物、在约32和约34wt％之间的聚(异丁烯)和在约30和约36wt％之间的聚(丁烯)。
5.权利要求1所述的改进，其中该单层膜用无规则的稀松布或编织纤维加强。
6.权利要求1所述的改进，其中该单层膜是非加强的。
7.权利要求1所述的改进，其中该压敏粘合剂混合物包含直到约3wt％的增稠剂或稀释剂。
8.权利要求1所述的改进，其中该压敏粘合剂混合物包含直到约5wt％的抗氧化剂或橡胶增粘剂。
9.权利要求8所述的改进，其中该橡胶基聚合物选自苯乙烯/丁二烯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯和苯乙烯/乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯的聚合物。
10.权利要求5和6任何一项所述的改进，其中使粘合剂吸收层退火到在膜和压敏粘合剂涂层之间的单层膜底面。
11.权利要求1、2、5和6任何一项所述的改进，其中膜的厚度在约25和约60密耳之间，在所述膜上涂布的压敏粘合剂的厚度在约1和约50密耳之间。
12.权利要求1或2所述的改进，其中将粘合剂的自由表面用牛皮纸或硅树脂处理的剥离片材覆盖，并且将其以层材料卷的方式包装。
13.权利要求2所述的改进，其中用选自丙烯酸脂聚合物和聚氨酯以及它们的混合物的压敏粘合剂代替压敏粘合剂(a)、(b)和(c)的一部分或仅仅(a)的一部分。
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| CA2514410A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| US6863944B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 |
| US20050183365A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
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| JP2006518411A (ja) | 2006-08-10 |
| WO2004070132A3 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
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| EP1590538A4 (en) | 2006-05-17 |
| US7914868B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
| US20040146681A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| MXPA05007776A (es) | 2005-09-30 |
| EP1590538B1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| US20110139340A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
| CN100503236C (zh) | 2009-06-24 |
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