CN1741782B - 控制床的物理特性的装置和方法 - Google Patents

控制床的物理特性的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1741782B
CN1741782B CN2004800027047A CN200480002704A CN1741782B CN 1741782 B CN1741782 B CN 1741782B CN 2004800027047 A CN2004800027047 A CN 2004800027047A CN 200480002704 A CN200480002704 A CN 200480002704A CN 1741782 B CN1741782 B CN 1741782B
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G·巴德尔
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Abstract

一种根据在床上的人的状态控制床的至少一个物理特性的系统和方法。所述床的躺卧部分(102)具有多个传感器(106),所述多个传感器适于连续测量物理量作为人的状态的测量值。从所述传感器测得的数值被记录单元(104)接收、处理和分析,以控制所述床的物理特性。

Description

控制床的物理特性的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制在其上有人的床的物理特性的装置和方法。
背景技术
在睡眠中,所用的床往往不是最适于睡着的人的状态及体质。入睡后,有可能发生人在一段时间后由于越来越僵硬而醒来的情况,也可能出现背痛。一个众所周知的条件是,在买床时,应仔细试验,以找出适于个人的重量和体形的最优的弹性和硬度。然而,不仅从长远来看而且在夜间,对床的不同特性的要求随时间改变。另外,就熟睡、做梦活动和打鼾等的周期而言,随着每个人的情况不同以及场合不同,睡眠节律可能有很大的变化。
入睡困难及睡眠不适可通过温度、通风的调节,以及躺卧姿势的改变在一定程度上得到解决。然而,这样的措施需要这个人做出努力,这当然会干扰入睡过程及睡眠。这样,同一个人在床上的时间内,可能对热/冷有非常不同的要求。例如,可能希望晚上在较温暖的床上入睡,而在睡眠期间及可能在醒来时要求凉爽。在睡眠期间及醒来时,例如由于做梦或发烧,常会出汗。
因此,希望优化在床上的人的舒适度。很难做到,例如在床上的整个时间段内保持对于躺在床上的人来说感觉舒适的合适的温度和硬度。那些由于某种原因,由于例如身体受伤,疾病,残废或年老等原因相对不能移动的人被长期限制在床上时,可能出现损伤或褥疮。通常长时间不动地躺着也可能不舒服,尤其是姿势不变时,此时经常导致僵硬和麻木。因此,为了提供高度舒适,防止不愉快和损伤,有必要能够控制在其上有人时床的不同特性。也希望控制个人睡觉所在的房间内的环境。
另一个有趣的领域包括由打鼾引起的短暂呼吸中断,此短暂呼吸中断称为睡眠窒息,其可导致不令人满意的睡眠质量,并且,如果情况坏到极点,可导致脑损伤。当然,打鼾也影响其他人。针对这个问题已提出了几种解决方案,例如外科手术或适于在口腔内放置的矫正器,以阻止打鼾。然而,这些措施必然是烦人的。一个明显较简单的方法是以稍微直立的姿势睡眠,此稍微直立的姿势有助于防止打鼾。然而,这样的睡眠姿势毕竟不舒服,因此,睡着的人在睡眠中经常改变其姿势,从而继续打鼾。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是为在床上的人提供在床上的高度舒适。另一个目的是阻止打鼾及睡眠过程中由打鼾引起的呼吸中断。再一个目的是提供良好的床上卫生。
根据所附权利要求书,这些和其它目的通过根据在床上的人的状态控制床的至少一个物理特性的装置和方法得到实现。本发明的系统包括躺卧部分,所述躺卧部分包括在床中,并具有多个传感器,所述多个传感器适于连续测量物理量作为人的状态的测量值。本系统还包括记录单元,以记录从所述传感器中测得的数值。
附图说明
现在将通过优选实施例和参考结合附图更详细说明本发明,其中:
图1是控制床的至少一个物理特性的系统的示意性透视图。
具体实施方式
图1是控制有人在其上的床的和/或周围环境的至少一个物理特性的系统100的示意图。该系统包括躺卧部分102和记录单元104,该躺卧部分102包括在床中。躺卧部分可以是床垫等,其可以是与床整体形成,也可以是作为独立部分将放置在床上。躺卧部分102具有多个传感器106,以测量有人在床上时的一个或多个物理量。传感器106可适于测量下列物理量中的一个或多个:温度、压力、活动、声音和湿度。系统100此外还可以包括一个或多个传感器106a,该一个或多个传感器106a被设置在躺卧部分以外,例如在床边或某个其它的方便的地方,例如便于测量声音或空气温度的地方。
并且测得的物理量可以构成另一个量的间接测量值。例如,测得的躺卧部分102的温度可用于分析当有人在床上时在相同位置的压力分布。躺卧部分的特定点处或小区域中在特定时间段内的升高的温度可解释为与剩余表面相比增大的压力的表征。
记录单元104包括可编程处理器108,以接收和处理从传感器106测得的数值M。因此,记录单元104适于接收、处理和分析从传感器106得到的测量值,以得到关于人的信息。例如,可计算不同的参数,描述传感器所覆盖的表面上的量的分布,即空间信息,以及一段时间内量如何改变,即时间信息。根据本发明,这样的信息用于控制床和/或周围环境的至少一个物理特性。
应当注意,为了从传感器向记录单元输送物理量的测量值,本发明不限于特定设置或特定部件。
因此,可通过从传感器的测量值提供下列关于人的信息:
-人的活动,例如在床上翻身;
-声音,例如打鼾的探测;
-人的呼吸活动,其可通过活动和/或声音记录;
-人的心脏活动,其也可通过活动和/或声音记录;
-人的温度及空气温度;
-施加到床的躺卧表面的压力,其可通过温度间接记录;
-床的湿度及空气湿度;
-相对于躺卧表面的人的姿势。
为了对人的状态进行近乎连续的分析,例如关于失眠、睡眠深度、做梦活动和睡眠周期中的阶段,记录单元104可程控,以处理接收到的测量值。然后可通过采取一步或多步措施,将此信息用于优化舒适度和睡眠质量。下面是这些措施的一些较简单的例子:
1.床的温度可根据测得的床的温度进行控制。为此,床具有温度感应圈110或其它类似的结构,适于通过温度控制单元112控制。温度感应圈110从而可适于加热和/或冷却躺卧部分,例如通过电线圈或合适的流动介质。当一个或多个传感器106显示床的温度,例如超过预定水平一段特定时间后,记录单元104向温度控制单元112发射控制信号S1,接着温度控制单元112激活温度感应圈110,以致床上的温度下降为合乎要求的水平。并且,记录单元104可程控,以根据睡眠周期中的时间段或时间点,或者是否探测到出汗,设置不同的温度。例如,当入睡时可要求较高的温度,而在稍后阶段较低的水平则更适宜。
2.躺卧表面的硬度可适于人的体重、状态和/或时间点。为此,床具有用以调整床的硬度的机构,此机构没有示出,适于通过硬度控制单元114控制。例如当人上床睡觉时,可需要较软的床,而在睡眠期间较硬的床则更适宜。当一个或多个传感器106显示人入睡了时,记录单元104向硬度控制单元114发射控制信号S2,接着硬度控制单元114保证躺卧表面的硬度从较软改变成为较硬。随同着醒来,发射新的控制信号,以致躺卧表面重新变软,这意味着人在柔软的床上入睡和醒来。
床的硬度也可以在躺卧表面的一点或一个限定区域内局部地改变。在特定的时间内在躺卧表面的特定点或小区域内升高的温度可能是与剩余表面相比增大的压力的表征。当然,可选地,也可利用压力传感器直接测得此压力。这样的增大的压力对于人来说可能引起不舒服,例如僵硬和麻木以及,在不利的情况下,引起褥疮。然后,此信息可用于局部地改变床的硬度,以减轻在此点处的压力。此应用最适用于那些由于疾病、年老、瘫痪或受伤原因行动不便的人,并且也普遍提高了躺卧的舒适度。为了将床的硬度调整为与人的重量最适应,也可利用这样的关于压力的信息。
3.在当前的睡眠分析表明人在适当的例如早晨的时间点之后将要醒来时,可打开灯,为了模拟日出,优选地通过逐渐提高照明度方法来打开。为此,记录单元104与合适的光源116相连接,向此光源116发送控制信号S3。
4.记录单元104可程控,以探测人是否打鼾,及可选地是否有由打鼾引起的呼吸中断,即所谓的睡眠窒息。然后,可通过记录中断的次数和持续时间,将合适的程控算法用于探测人正在睡眠时是否发生明显的呼吸中断,以及呼吸中断是否已持续了一段预定时间。当探测到这样的明显的呼吸中断时,或者当探测到长时间打鼾时,例如,通过记录声音,发射控制信号S4,此控制信号S4启动位于床头端的垂直可调节部分116,在图中以虚箭头表示,以致使人的身体的上部被抬高,以降低其打鼾的倾向。如果打鼾/呼吸中断仍继续,可进一步抬高垂直可调节部分116。经过预定时间段后,以及在醒来之前,可发射新的控制信号,以致垂直可调节部分116被重新降低至水平位置,这样人将以平躺姿势醒来。
5.通过由合适的传感器的测得的数值可探测到偶尔的睡眠困难,此合适的传感器例如表明人在经常地动来动去。为促进入睡,可接着改变睡眠环境,例如通过改变空气的温度,通风或者开启舒缓的声音。
6.一旦探测到人已离开床,就可以通过向床垫内注入空气自动执行床的通风,以干燥被褥,并去除螨类过敏源。例如,压缩机可自动工作,以向床垫中注入空气,空气中可能通过集成在床垫中的柔性小管(未示出)混合有例如清洁剂微滴或防腐剂。
上述传感器106,106a可以通过电缆106A-C单独地或成组地连接到记录单元104,或装备有无线通信方式,以记录从传感器测得的数值。当成组连接时,每组传感器及相关的电缆连接可形成串联有传感器的测量圈,以使从组内的单个传感器测得的数值可依次读出,测得的数值其本身构成测量领域中的现有技术。
本发明提供一种平稳可靠的解决方法,以得到在其上有人的床上的最优舒适度和睡眠质量,而不会以任何方式干扰人。
本发明不限于上述实施例,并且一般通过所附的权利要求书进行限定。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于控制在其上有人的床的至少一个物理特性的系统,包括:
-躺卧部分(102),包括在所述床中,并且具有多个传感器(106),以测量一个或多个物理量,以及
-记录单元(104),适于接收、处理和分析从所述传感器测得的数值,并根据从所述传感器接收到的测量值控制所述床的至少一个物理特性,
其特征在于,所述记录单元适于探测人是否打鼾和其呼吸是否可能被打鼾所中断,并且在探测到明显的呼吸中断时或探测到长时间打鼾时,启动位于所述床的床头端的垂直可调节部分(116),以致人的身体的上部抬高。
2.根据权利要求1的系统,其特征在于,所述传感器适于测量下列物理量的一个或多个:温度、压力、活动、声音和湿度。
3.根据权利要求1或2的系统,其特征在于,在所述躺卧部分以外设置一个或多个传感器(106a)。
4.根据权利要求1或2的系统,其特征在于,所述记录单元包括可编程处理器(108),以接收和处理从所述传感器(106,106a)测得的数值(M)。
5.根据权利要求1或2的系统,其特征在于,所述记录单元适于通过从所述传感器测得的数值产生下列信息:人的移动、声音、呼吸活动、心脏活动、人的温度及空气的温度、施加到所述躺卧表面的压力、所述床的湿度及空气的湿度,以及人的相对于所述躺卧表面的姿势。
6.根据权利要求1或2的系统,其特征在于该系统包括温度控制单元(112),用于根据下列中的至少一个控制所述床的温度:测得的所述床的温度、睡眠周期中的时间段、时间点,以及是否探测到出汗。
7.根据权利要求1或2的系统,其特征在于该系统包括硬度控制单元(114),用于控制对所述床的硬度进行调节的机构,以致使所述躺卧表面的硬度适于人的重量、状态和/或时间点。
8.根据权利要求7的系统,其特征在于,所述硬度控制单元适于在所述躺卧表面的一点或限定区域内局部地改变所述床的硬度。
9.根据权利要求1或2的系统,其特征在于,在当前睡眠分析表明人将要在合适的时间点之后醒来时,为了打开灯,所述记录单元连接到光源(116)。
10.根据权利要求1或2的系统,其特征在于,当探测到偶尔的睡眠困难时,为了促进人的入睡,所述系统改变睡眠环境。
11.根据权利要求1或2的系统,其特征在于,当已探测到人离开了所述床时,所述系统通过向所述床的床垫注入空气自动执行所述床的通风。
12.控制有人在其上的床的至少一个物理特性的方法,其特征在于,通过多个传感器(106)测量一个或多个物理量,接收、处理和分析从所述传感器测得的数值,并且,在探测到明显的呼吸中断时或探测到长时间打鼾时,启动位于所述床的床头端的垂直可调节部分(116),以致人的身体的上部抬高,所述多个传感器(106)位于躺卧部分(102)中,所述躺卧部分(102)包括在所述床中。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,测量下列物理量中的至少一个:温度、压力、活动、声音和湿度,以及
控制下列物理特性中的至少一个:温度和所述躺卧表面的硬度。
14.一种床,包括权利要求1所述的系统。
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