CN1722535A - 柱形凸点插座 - Google Patents

柱形凸点插座 Download PDF

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CN1722535A
CN1722535A CNA2005100785563A CN200510078556A CN1722535A CN 1722535 A CN1722535 A CN 1722535A CN A2005100785563 A CNA2005100785563 A CN A2005100785563A CN 200510078556 A CN200510078556 A CN 200510078556A CN 1722535 A CN1722535 A CN 1722535A
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stud bump
socket
sidewall
base portion
contact structures
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CN1722535B (zh
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D·K·福克
J·H·丹尼尔
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Palo Alto Research Center Inc
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Palo Alto Research Center Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于在已柱形凸点加工的IC芯片和主PCB之间的无焊连接的插座。所述插座包括三维例如柱形或立方体形中空金属框架,金属框架或者是自立的,或者由底层图形化模板结构支承。该金属框架包括远离主衬底延伸的侧壁和位于侧壁上端即自由端的接触结构。该接触结构限定一开口,柱形凸点可穿过该开口插入金属框架的中央室中。侧壁和/或接触结构形成为使得,当柱形凸点的尖端插入中央室中时,柱形凸点的底部结构和侧壁的至少之一在两个或更多个接触点处邻接接触结构。

Description

柱形凸点插座
技术领域
本发明涉及集成电路(IC)器件,更具体地涉及用于将IC器件连接至主系统的结构。
背景技术
电子封装是用于集成电路(IC)器件的可互连的壳体。在根据已知半导体加工技术制造半导体晶片后执行封装,然后将其“切块”(即,切割)成单独的IC“芯片”。典型地,封装包括将一个或多个IC芯片放置到封装壳体中,例如通过将这些接触盘引线接合至在IC芯片上形成的相应的输入/输出(I/O)管芯焊盘将IC芯片电连接至形成在壳体上的接触盘,然后为了保护,覆盖IC芯片和布线。壳体典型地包括多个导线、引脚、或凸点,它们通过导电迹线连接至接触盘,且以预定图案设置,使得通过将测试信号应用到导线/引脚/凸点,使用测试设备测试被封装的IC芯片。这样,识别有缺陷的IC芯片,并将其丢弃,同时将通过此测试过程的IC芯片随后安装(例如焊接)到另一主系统印刷电路板(PCB)的相应接触部位上。如果被封装的IC随后出故障,则通过加热焊料以去除有缺陷的IC,清洁PCB接触部位,接着将新的被封装的IC重新接合到接触部位上,可将有缺陷的IC从主系统移走。
与测试之前封装IC芯片的传统实施有关的问题是,封装损坏的或以其它方式不可用的IC芯片的过程显著提高了总生产成本。目前,几乎没有能在封装之前测试IC芯片的芯片级封装插座解决方法。相反,大多数TC测试插座技术包括零插拔力(ZIF)插座,它被设计为便于插入和去除双列直插式封装或针栅阵列封装,而无需专门的工具。这样,这些传统的ZIF插座解决方法要求每个IC芯片在其使用之前被封装,这提高了总制造成本,从而减少了盈利能力。
因此,适应的可再加工IC芯片连接是封装之前测试和老化测试IC芯片的非常理想的技术。除了使得装配和再加工更简单和更快外,这样的连接便于绕过进口的计算机部件所交的关税(例如,膝上型电脑可与其处理器分开运送,因此作为部件而不是完整的计算机系统纳税)。
倒装芯片技术因为其高输入/输出密度容量和优良的电性能而逐渐普及。因为IBM开发出C4工艺,所以焊料凸点倒装芯片技术已经很好地建立。在此工艺中,焊料凸点在芯片上的凸点下冶金结构(UBM)盘上形成,且通过回流工艺连接至衬底上的匹配金属盘。由于所建立的技术包括实现起来困难而昂贵的工艺,所以寻找低成本的倒装芯片连接新技术。
近来,作为低成本倒装芯片技术的非常吸引人的解决方法,已经开发出基于引线接合技术的接线柱凸点接合(SBB)技术。利用SBB技术,通过在传统的引线结合中使用的“球焊”的改进将柱形金凸点放置在IC芯片的管芯焊盘上。在球焊中,熔化金焊线的尖端,以形成球体。引线接合工具在铝焊盘上按压此球体,施加机械力、热、和超声能,以产生金属连接。该引线接合工具接着使金线伸长到板、衬底、或引线框的连接盘上,且“缝合”至此盘,通过折断焊线完成,以开始另一循环。对于接线柱金凸点接合,如所述的形成第一球接点,但是紧靠球上方折断该线。所形成的具有被截的线的金球或“柱形凸点”保留在焊盘上,以通过氧化铝提供至底层金属的永久而可靠的连接。这种技术具有几个优点:UBM工艺不是必要的,凸点加工成本低廉,和可能实现精细间距和芯片级凸点加工。
柱形金凸点倒装芯片技术相对于传统的IC封装提供了几个优点。凸点加工设备、引线接合器、或专用柱形凸点加工器(stud bumper)普遍可用,且有很好的特性。由于柱形凸点由引线接合器形成,所以它们可以放置在可以放置引线接点的任何地方。它们能容易地实现小于100微米的间距,并被放置在小于75微米的盘上。由于柱形凸点加工可以在引线接合器上完成,所以其不需要晶片或凸点下金属化(UBM)。无需预处理,可对成品管芯进行凸点加工和倒装。这使得对于产品开发、原型开发、和降低介质体积产量而言,柱形凸点倒装芯片模型是快速、有效、和灵活的,同时易于利用自动化设备增加到基于大体积晶片的生产。
尽管柱形凸点加工已经得到很好地研制,但是能以可靠而可再加工的方式接收柱形凸点的连接插座仍未形成。
因此,需要一种用于将已进行柱形凸点加工的IC器件电连接至主系统(例如,测试系统,或电子器件的PCB)的适应式可再加工连接插座。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种便于电子器件(例如,集成电路(IC)芯片)至主系统(例如,诸如数字计算机等的电子系统的印刷电路“主板”、或测试系统的印刷电路测试板)的无焊连接的插座。具体而言,本发明旨在提供一种这样的插座,在电子器件安装到主系统上时,该插座能提供至柱形凸点(或从电子器件延伸的其它金属线柱或类似金属结构)的可靠且可再加工的电子连接。本发明也提供了一种包括电子器件和主系统的组件,以及设置为接收相应的柱形凸点阵列的插座阵列。
根据本发明的一方面,插座包括三维(例如柱状或立方体形)中空金属框架,该金属框架由底层结构支承,或者是自立的,通过在图形化模板结构上镀金属而形成。该金属框架包括远离下面的主衬底延伸的侧壁和位于所述侧壁的上端(即,自由端)的接触结构。该接触结构限定一开口,柱形凸点穿过该开口插入金属框架的中央室中,该中央室由金属框架的侧壁围绕。侧壁和/或接触结构形成为使得,当柱形凸点的尖端插入中央室中时,柱形凸点的底部结构和侧壁的至少之一在两个或更多个接触点处靠接接触结构,从而确保,如果一个接触点具有断续的接触损失或阻力增大,则其它接触点继续处理电负荷。因此,本发明提供了这样一种机构,无需焊料,利用适应热膨胀失配和机械缺陷的适应性,以吸收机械冲击的方式将“已进行柱形凸点加工的”电子器件电和机械地连接至主系统。此外,本发明便于对已封装的集成电路再加工,而不必加热所述部分、清洁、和再接合。
根据本发明的一方面,插座制造包括靠近暴露在主系统衬底(例如,PCB)上的接触盘形成负作用抗蚀剂材料层(例如,诸如SU-8等负的环氧基光致抗蚀剂材料,举例来说由Microchem Corp.of NewtonMass.,USA制造),接着用负作用抗蚀剂材料覆盖上表面,使得抗蚀剂材料的预定图形通过掩模暴露。接着穿过图形化开口照射所暴露的负作用抗蚀剂材料,从而使相应于理想的图形化模板结构的负作用材料的区域显影。负作用材料的显影区域呈现凹腔侧壁(即,使得在下端的侧壁的截面比上端薄)。接着使用已知技术去除负作用材料的未暴露的区域,从而暴露图形化模板结构。接着,使用已知电镀或无电镀技术在图形化模板结构的暴露的表面上镀覆金属框架。这样,在此实施例中,所形成的插座使用金属框架提供柱形凸点和主系统与图形化模板结构之间的电接触,以支承金属框架。根据可选实施例,使用例如硅酮(聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS))等弹性体材料形成图形化模板结构。
根据另一实施例,插座包括围绕中央空腔的大致为柱状的较厚主壁和从主壁延伸进中央空腔的几个较窄的柔性膜。在一个实施例中,通过使用例如SU-8制造不导电图形化模板结构形成主壁和膜,通过利用电镀或无电镀形成金属外壳(框架)。在随后的使用中,柱形凸点的尖端进入中央室,并一个或多个接触膜,使得被接触的膜向着主壁弯曲。由于膜的较高柔性,在此实施例中柱形凸点的横向定位精度更宽。
根据本发明的可选实施例,在形成金属框架后去除(例如,溶解或蚀刻)图形化模板结构。具体而言,在图形化模板结构上形成镀覆掩膜的部分,以产生一开口,在完成镀覆工艺后,该开口暴露图形化模板材料。接着通过此开口去除图形化模板材料,以产生一插座结构,该插座结构仅包括主衬底上的自立金属框架,该金属框架提供了比保留的结构应力更小柔性更大的连接器。在一个示范性实施例中,自立金属框架包括由沟槽分开的两个共轴侧壁,且插座的接触结构由内侧壁的上边沿设置。在其它实施例中,金属框架包括一个或多个围绕中空中央腔的连续的垂直侧壁、和限定几个悬臂式接触结构的水平上壁,该悬臂式接触结构具有连接至侧壁的固定端和在中央空腔上延伸的自由端。狭缝或其它开口在悬臂式接触结构之间限定,其中利用溶解或等离子体蚀刻等通过该开口去除牺牲的图形化模板结构。在随后的使用中,通过在一个或多个悬臂式接触结构上向下压,柱形凸点的尖端进入中央空腔,使得被接触的结构向下弯曲进中央空腔中。
附图说明
参看以下描述、所附权利要求书、和附图,将更好地理解本发明的这些和其它特性、方面、和优点,在附图中:
图1是示出根据本发明的实施例的插座和柱形凸点的部件分解透视图;
图2是示出包括图1的插座和柱形凸点的组件的透视图;
图3是示出根据本发明的另一实施例的插座阵列的部件分解透视图;
图4(A)和4(B)是示出在安装工艺过程中图3的阵列的一行的截面侧视图;
图5(A)、5(B)、和5(C)是示出在根据本发明的实施例的图形化模板结构的制造期间,负作用材料的沉积和掩模图形的随后形成的截面侧视图;
图6是示出在图5(C)的工艺中使用的掩模图形的俯视图;
图7(A)和7(B)是截面侧视图,示出负作用材料的显影及随后的去除,以形成图形化模板结构;
图8(A)、8(B)、8(C)是截面侧视图,示出根据本发明的一个实施例,金属框架在图7(B)的图形化模板结构上的形成;
图9(A)、9(B)、9(C)是示出根据本发明的可选实施例的金属框架的形成的截面侧视图;
图10是根据本发明的另一实施例的插座和柱形凸点的透视图;
图11(A)和11(B)是示出使用期间图10的插座的俯视图;
图12(A)、12(B)、12(C)是示出根据本发明的实施例的插座的制造的透视图;
图13(A)和13(B)是示出使用期间图12(C)的插座的截面侧视图;
图14是示出根据本发明的另一实施例的插座的透视图;
图15是示出根据本发明的又一实施例的插座的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1是示出插座100的部件分解透视图,该插座与根据本发明的一个实施例的柱形凸点150滑动接触。参看图1的上部,从基部151延伸出细长(锥形)本体152,尖端157位于细长本体152的自由(尖)端处。柱形凸点150根据改进的引线接合技术形成。插座结构包括金属框架110,该金属框架包括至少一个围绕中央室125的侧壁112和位于侧壁112的上端114处的接触结构115。接触结构115限定开口117,该开口与中央室连通,从而便于沿中心轴X插入柱形凸点150。
根据下面格外详细地描述的本发明的一方面,接触结构115形成为使得当柱形凸点150的尖端157插入中央室125中时,柱形凸点150的基部151和/或细长本体152在多个接触点处靠接接触结构115。通过设置从侧壁112向开口117延伸的几个接触凸点116,实现此多触点目标。具体而言,接触结构115形成为使得开口117限定三叶草形形状,同时接触凸点116形成较靠近中心轴X延伸的三叶草形凸点部分,接触结构115的凹进部分118离中心轴X较远地设置。通过以此方式设置绕开口117排列的多个接触凸点116,插座100确保了柱形凸点150和插座100之间的可靠的电接触,即使一个接触点经历断续的接触损失或阻力增大,也是如此。
图2是示出组件200的横截面侧视图,示出插座100便于主系统(例如印刷电路板(PCB))230和待测试、老化测试、和封装的IC芯片(电子器件))210之间的顺从而直接的可再操作连接。
参看图2的上部,柱形凸点150的基部151安装到IC芯片210的表面212上,使得基部151与晶片焊盘214电接触。本领域的技术人员将认识到,晶片焊盘214根据已知技术电连接到设置在IC芯片210上的相关I/O电路(未示出)。注意,在图2中,为了说明目的,以放大形式(即,相对于电子器件210)图示柱形凸点150。在一个实施例中,柱形凸点150的总长度(即,从表面212到尖端157)约为25微米。为了说明目的,在各个图中示出的其它尺寸类似地失真。
插座100包括在主系统230的上表面231上形成的图形化模板结构120,且金属框架110包括在图形化模板结构120上方形成(例如,镀覆)的金属层。如下面格外详细地描述的,图形化模板结构120由负作用光致抗蚀剂材料制成,且在本实施例中包括围绕中央室125的连续壁结构(即,大致为环状壁或连续的一组壁部分)。注意,中央室125基本上绕中心轴X对称并限定中心轴X,该中心轴X进而大致垂直于主系统230的表面231延伸。金属框架110包括在表面231上形成的外基部111、在模板结构120的外侧表面上形成且在下端部111和上端114之间延伸的外侧壁112-1、在图形化模板结构120的上端上方延伸的上壁(接触结构)115、在模板结构120的内侧表面上形成并从上壁115的内边沿向下延伸的内侧壁112-2、和连接至内侧壁112-2的下边沿并在表面231上形成的内基部119。如图1中所示,上壁115限定三叶草形开口117,该三叶草形开口与中央室125连通,该中央室由金属框架110的内侧壁112-2和内基部119有效限定。内侧壁112-2具有基本上与三叶草形开口117相同的水平截面,从而包括凹进和凸出壁部分。凸出壁部分的上端限定上壁115的凹进部分118,且凸出壁部分的上端限定上壁115的凸出部分(接触突起)116。因此,接触结构115和内侧壁112-2形成为使得,当柱形凸点150的尖端157通过开口117插入中央室125时,基部151和细长本体152的至少之一在相应于内侧壁112-2的上凸点部分和接触突起116的最内部分的多个接触点(例如,如图2中所示,接触点C1和C2)处邻接接触结构115,从而提供柱形凸点150和插座100之间的可靠连接。
注意,主系统230包括暴露在上表面231上并由金属框架110的外基部111和内基部119的至少之一接触的一个或多个接触垫(例如,外接触垫232和内接触垫233)。主系统230根据已知的印刷电路板(PCB)技术构造,包括嵌在绝缘材料235(例如,CR4)中的一系列导体234,以在插座100和选择的系统电子元件(未示出)之间传递电信号。在一个实施例中,这些系统电子元件包括至少一个测试设备,该测试设备根据已知技术配置为传递和/或接收由电子器件210使用的测试信号。
根据本发明的一个实施例,图形化模板结构120由负作用光致抗蚀剂材料(例如,SU-8)以下面详细描述的方式制成。当使用这样的负作用材料时,所形成的壁结构靠近其下端(即,靠近主系统230的上表面231)呈现较窄厚度W1,靠近其上端(即,靠近上壁115)呈现较宽厚度W2。这种凹入的壁形状使得插座100的总尺寸在上端114附近比靠近基部111要宽,当柱形凸点150插入中央室125内时,该凹腔壁形状与柱形凸点150的锥形一起使得柱形凸点150被放在插座100的中心,从而也允许柱形凸点150上的接触压力变大。
在一可选实施例(未示出)中,图形化模板结构可使用例如硅酮(聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS))等弹性体材料形成,但这样的图形化结构可能没有提供上述凹腔壁结构的优点。
在一个实施例中,柱形凸点150长度约为25微米,且预定图形中的相邻柱形凸点以约为100至500微米的间隔分开。在一个实施例中,每个插座100的中央室的深度(即参看图1,沿中心轴X测量的)超过柱形凸点150的长度,从而确保接触点位于金属框架110的上壁115和每个柱形凸点150的基部151之间。在一个实施例中,每个插座100都具有约为200微米的高度(或由用于形成图形化模板结构120的材料确定的其他适合的距离),且金属框架110形成有10微米厚的金属板厚度。所形成的结构在插入期间呈现约为5微米的偏斜。在一个实施例中,金属框架110镀镍(Ni),这确保了在每个接触垫处的约为0.2克的接触力。通过以此方式设置多个接触点,和利用金钝化,所形成的插座组件应为一些应用确保可靠的电接触。如果需要,不同几何形状可用于增加插座的弹簧常数。
图3是示出在主系统230上形成的插座阵列300的分解透视图,该插座阵列300用于接收和电连接电子器件210(例如,“倒装芯片”IC器件)。电子器件210包括以预定图形设置并以上述方式安装的柱形凸点150阵列。如上所述,每个柱形凸点150(例如柱形凸点150-1)包括在基部151和尖端157之间延伸的细长本体152。插座阵列300包括以与柱形凸点150相同的图形设置在主系统(衬底)230的上表面上的多个插座100。如上所述,每个插座100(例如,插座100-3)包括具有至少一个侧壁112的金属框架110,该侧壁包括连接至衬底表面的固定端111和远离衬底表面设置的自由端。围绕细长中央室125的侧壁112和位于侧壁112的自由端114处的接触结构115限定与中央室125连通的开口117。插座阵列300的每个插座100都构造为使得当相应柱形凸点150的尖端157插入其中央室125内时,相应柱形凸点的基部151和细长本体152的至少之一在多个接触点处靠接接触结构。
在示范性实施例中,阵列300的每个插座100的面积约为150×150微米。这种阵列的可实现的间距将约为几百微米。对于面阵互连,这能在1cm×1cm晶片上容纳约一百个插座100,但本发明的发明人预见其发明可使用在显著小于1cm2的晶片上。例如,在手持装置(例如,个人数字助理)约为几平方毫米的几分之一。
初步计算表明,柱形凸点(引脚)和插座之间的组件连接将是非常可靠的,且非常抗震的。假定摩擦系数为5,每个引脚/插座连接四个接触点,则30个引脚/插座阵列的插入力将为约12克。用于这样的部分的硅晶片的质量仅为约几毫克。装置的基本模型在下表1中作了概述。所计算的特性表明,将IC芯片从主系统移走要经受数百或数千克的冲击,从而表明插座阵列300提供了非常可靠的连接结构。注意,可总是包括在部分(IC)或主系统上的简单的固定夹或一些角接点,以进一步提高插座部分的耐震强度,同时仍使在需要时更换故障部分保持相当容易。
表1:基本的插座机械模型
输入参数                         所计算的特性
尺寸                             所计算的特性
高度:200μm                     弹簧常数:0.04gm/μm
宽度:50μm                      接触力:0.20gm
厚度:10μm                      插入力:12.0gm
变形:5μm
每个引脚的接触点:4              引脚间距:258微米
芯片面积:2mm2                  芯片质量:0.00233gm
引脚数:30                       移走加速度:5132g
芯片厚度:0.5mm
材料:镍
材料模数:250GPa
摩擦系数:0.5
Si密度:2.33gm/cm3
除了提供非常可靠的抗震无焊连接结构我和耐冲击无焊连接结构,插座阵列300适应相关柱形凸点图形的热膨胀失配和机械缺陷,从而便于电子器件210和主系统230在各种条件下的可重复的连接,其中的一些将在下面参看图4(A)和4(B)进行描述。
图4(A)和4(B)示出一行阵列300(图3)的横截面侧视图,该阵列包括插座100-1至100-3和柱形凸点150-1至150-3。参看图4(A)的左侧,插座100-1和柱形凸点150-1代表柱形凸点150与中央室125-1的轴X大致对准的标准设置,连接工艺大致与前述相同继续,以产生在图4(B)中表示和上面详述的多个接触连接。与此相反,如图4(a)的中央中所示,例如由于热膨胀失配合/或机械缺陷(例如,引线结合工具的错误放置),柱形凸点150-2的位置稍微从其理想位置(用虚线115-2A表示)偏移。插座阵列通过弹性变形和与插座100-2相关的多接触点设置适应这样的对准错误。具体而言,如图4(B)中所示,由于其凹腔形状和顺应式结构,侧壁112-2A变形,以适应柱形凸点150-2进入中央腔125-2时的不对准,从而在基部151-2和接触结构115-2之间提供至少一个可靠连接。参看图4(A)的右侧,柱形凸点150-3包括由于在改进的引线结合生产工艺期间或之后产生的机械缺陷偏离理想形状(用虚线115-3A表示)的弯曲尖端157-3。本发明的插座结构通过变形适应这样的缺陷,以在尖端157-3进入中央腔125-3时容纳弯曲的尖端157-3,从而在尖端157-3和内侧壁112-3B的至少之一和/或基部151-3和上壁115-3之间提供可靠连接。注意,插座100-1至100-3的弹性特性便于重复去除和插入柱形凸点150-1至150-3,从而便于,不必加热、清洁、和重新焊接连接,就可再加工(rework)组件。
现在将参看图5(A)至8(C)描述用于生产插座100(上面描述的)的示范性制造工艺。
图5(A)、5(B)、和5(C)是横截面侧视图,分别描述了负作用光致抗蚀剂材料层510在主系统230的上表面231和接触盘232和233上的沉积,以及随后掩模图形520在层510的上表面515上的形成(图5(C))。在一个实施例中,用于形成层510的负作用光致抗蚀剂材料包括基于负性环氧树脂的光致抗蚀剂材料,例如厚度TSU-8约为200微米的SU-8。SU-8典型地以液体形式应用,所以其以高的平面度开始。SU-8可应用于很大的厚度范围,这取决于应用工艺中的旋转速度和黏度。
如图5(C)和6(是顶平面图)中所示,掩模520图形化为包括限定窗口525的主掩模部分520A和在窗口525内居中的三叶草形掩模部分520B。注意,负作用光致抗蚀剂材料层510的图形化表面区域512通过窗口525暴露。
图7A和7B是横截面侧视图,示出材料层的产生和随后的去除,以完成图形化模板结构120的制造。如图7(A)中所示,材料层510的部分515(位于暴露的图形化表面区域512下方)通过光束530经受照射。注意,由于逐渐减少曝光量,所以部分515为其中上部区域(即,邻近表面的区域512)比下部区域宽的锥形(凹腔形)。掩模520和材料层510的底层未暴露的区域接着根据已知技术去除,从而在主系统230上留下图形化模板结构120(图7(B))。注意,图形化模板结构120在接触盘232上或靠近接触盘232形成,或限定露出中央接触盘233的中央室125。
图8(A)至8(C)是横截面侧视图,描述了根据本发明的另一方面金属框架在图形化模板结构120上的形成。首先,如图8(A)中所示,可选籽晶(seed)层540在图形化模板结构120、接触盘232和233、和主系统230的其它暴露结构和表面上形成。溅射的籽晶可用于电镀到SU-8上。图形化引发剂(initiator)也用于无电镀。参看图8(B),镀覆掩模550接着围绕图形化模板结构120形成,且金属框架110接着通过电镀或无电镀在图形化模板结构120和环绕的暴露结构上形成。用金钝化的磷化镍是镀覆连接器冶金结构的适合的候选对象,但是其它可能性对本领域的技术人员是显然的。一些镀覆形式,包括电镀,往往以急剧的特性(sharp feature)沉积金属较快。这有利于产生具有凹腔侧壁的结构,因为其将在图形化模板结构120的上表面和其它水平表面上形成较厚的金属,沿相对垂直的侧壁表面形成较薄的金属。如图8(C)中所示,示出通过去除镀覆掩模和下面的籽晶材料(例如通过从金属框架110和图形化模板结构120周围进行蚀刻)制造插座100的工艺。
将抗蚀剂放置到高方位(aspect)、凹腔结构上,例如本文中提出的各种插座结构,可能认为是成问题的。喷涂抗蚀剂认为是一种选择。然而,近来的讨论已经揭示,已经开发出用于用电沉积抗蚀剂可靠而廉价地涂覆部分的设备。
图9(A)至9(C)是横截面侧视图,示出根据本发明的另一实施例具有可选的自立金属框架110A的插座100A(图9(C))的形成。此实施例认识到,存在制造插座结构并具有潜在优点的方法,其中从完成的插座结构完全或部分去除内部聚合体框架。如图9(A)中所示,当如上所述参看图8(A)形成镀覆掩模550时,掩模部分555在图形化模板结构120的上表面上形成。随后金属框架110A的形成产生上表面121上不存在镀覆的金属的开口端结构。随后的掩模材料(和籽晶材料)的去除留下图9(B)中所示的结构;即,在图形化模板结构120借助于上表面121通过金属框架110A暴露的地方。如图9(C)中所示,接着使用蚀刻剂或溶剂通过金属框架110A的开口上端进入并从外侧壁112-1和内侧壁112-2之间清除材料去除图形化模板结构120,从而形成槽113。注意,在此实施例中,分别通过外侧壁112-1和112-2的上边沿形成接触结构115-A1和115-A2,同时接触结构115-A2为插座100A提供主要的接触结构。也注意到,通过形成暴露图形化模板结构120的部分的较小掩模部分555,可加强接触结构115-A2,从而形成从内侧壁112-2的上边沿向外延伸的水平凸缘结构。此外,通过在掩模部分550和555之间延伸掩模材料,可能形成单壁插座结构,从而防止外侧壁112-1的形成(即,使得镀覆材料仅留在图形化模板结构120的内表面上,且如果需要,所形成的插座仅包括内壁112-2、内基部119、和从内壁112-2的上边沿延伸的水平凸缘结构)。插座100A的潜在优点包括在热循环期间更少的内部应力和更大的柔性。这些特性可以证明特别对于进行焊料回流、或用于焊接有插座的部件自身、或相同板上的其它部分的结构是有利的。
为了检验IC芯片和接着通过焊接产生完整的冶金结构接触点,存在多种方式将本发明的插座用于测试或老化测试。一个可能的方法涉及用镀覆的焊料涂锡于柱形凸点、插座,或者既涂锡于柱形凸点也涂锡于插座上,接着一检验完IC芯片性能就使焊料回流。
与上述示范性实施例相比,根据本发明产生的插座能按比例制造为较小尺寸和较高密度。例如,柱形凸点可用板式柱替换,且插座的侧面尺寸可按比例缩小。比例限制可基于部件公差和使部分连在一起的工具的放置精度。
并且,尽管上述示范性实施例涉及具有三叶草形开口的插座,但是可产生整合本发明的精神和范围的其它插座结构。下面擦看图10至15介绍几个这样的可选插座结构。
图10是根据本发明的另一实施例的插座100C和柱形凸点150的透视图。插座100C包括金属框架110C,该金属框架具有围绕中央腔(腔)的较厚(例如,10-15微米)的大致为柱状的壁112C、和几个从主壁112C延伸进中央腔125C内的较窄(例如,1-5微米)的柔性膜116C。柱状壁112C在其上端114C限定与中央腔125C连通的开口117C。上边沿115C和/或柔性膜116C形成插座100C的接触结构。在一个实施例中,使用负作用光致抗蚀剂材料(例如,SU-8)形成柱状壁112C和膜116C,使得这些机构限定在上端114C附近较宽在下端111C附近较窄的凹腔横截面。通过认真选择适当宽度,可将膜116C形成为使得由于负作用光致抗蚀剂的凹腔轮廓,它们没有固定到下面的衬底,从而提供额外的柔性给膜116C。接着以上述方式用例如镍和/或金等金属镀覆(over plate)(或部分包覆镀覆)所形成的结构。
图11(A)和11(B)是示出使用期间的插座100C的顶部平面图。图11(A)示出插入工艺期间柱形凸点150的较窄部分已进入中央腔125C的情形。如图11(B)中所示,当柱形凸点150进一步插入中央腔125C中时,柱形凸点150的较宽的外壁接触柔性膜116C并压在其上,从而向着柱状壁112C(即在用箭头表示的方向上)向外推动膜116C。注意,由主壁112C限定的宽开口117C和膜116C的柔性便于放宽柱形凸点150的横向放置精度。
图12(A)至12(C)示出根据本发明的再一实施例的另一插座的制造的透视图。通过根据上述任一方法(图12(A))在主系统表面231D上形成牺牲材料柱120D开始此工艺。接着,如图12(B)中所示,设置了镀覆膜,该镀覆膜包括围绕柱120D的周缘部分550D的和在柱120D的上表面上图形化的X形部分555D。接着通过在柱120D的暴露部分上镀覆金属层和去除镀覆膜形成金属框架110D。如图12(C)中所示,所形成的金属框架110D包括基部111D、围绕柱状模板结构的大致为柱状的侧壁112C、和上壁(接触结构)115D,该上壁包括从上边沿114D向内延伸且由通过径向槽117C形成的X形开口分开的几个楔形接触结构116D。在形成金属框架110D后,用于形成柱120D(例如,在图12(A)中示出)的牺牲材料接着溶解或以其它方式通过径向开口117C去除,从而在金属框架110D内形成中空腔。
图13(A)和13(B)是示出使用期间的插座100D的横截面侧视图。具体而言,这些图示出在尖端157压在上壁115D上时柱形凸点150使得悬臂式接触结构116D向下偏斜到由柱状侧壁112D和上壁115D限定的中央腔125D内。
图14是示出根据本发明的又一实施例的插座100E的顶部平面图。插座100E包括金属框架的上壁115E,其分成八个楔形接触结构116E,这些楔形接触结构通过上面大致参看图13(B)操作的径向槽117E分开。本领域的技术人员将认识到,通过形成任意数量的径向槽,可产生具有任意数量的楔形接触结构的插座。
图15是示出根据本发明的又一实施例的插座100F的顶部平面图。插座100F包括与上面参看图14描述的金属框架类似的金属框架110F,且包括大致为矩形的悬臂式接触结构116F,这些悬臂式接触结构平行形成,且通过平行槽117F分开。通过以图15中所示方式偏移悬臂式接触结构116F的末端,由于柱形凸点将在两个或更多个位置中接触的可能性增加,所以提供了可靠的接触结构。
尽管参看一些具体实施例描述了本发明,但对本领域的技术人员来说显然的是,本发明的有创造性的特性也可应用于落在本发明的范围内的其它实施例。尽管上面已经详细参看柱状侧壁描述了几个插座,但本领域的技术人员将认识到,这样的侧壁可用其它连续壁结构替换,这些连续壁结构例如椭圆形壁和一系列连续的直壁,设置为例如形成正方形、五角形、或六角形结构。此外,图14和15中表示的具体接触结构几何形状是示范性的,且可修改为包括例如弯曲的螺旋形结构或Z字形结构。此外,代替垂直侧壁,这些结构可形成有向内倾斜(正倾斜)的侧壁,以允许涉及结构的垂直长度的一定适应性挠曲(compliant flexure),这通过形成沿该结构的倾斜侧壁向下延伸的狭缝增强(即,使得接触结构的基部位于侧壁上)。此外,本文中所用的术语“柱形凸点”不限制于通过改进的引线结合技术形成的结构,而是也延伸到类似的金属结构,例如通过电镀形成的金属杆等。最后,上述凹腔壁结构可通过使用与负作用抗蚀剂材料不同的方法形成,例如图像反转、角形暴光、和聚焦暴光的可变深度等。

Claims (3)

1.一种插座,用于电连接安装在其上的柱形凸点,所述柱形凸点包括基部和在基部和尖端之间延伸的细长本体,所述插座包括金属框架,所述金属框架包括围绕中央室的至少一个侧壁和位于所述侧壁的上端的接触结构,所述接触结构限定与所述中央室连通的开口,其中当将所述柱形凸点的尖端插入所述中央室中时,所述柱形凸点的基部和细长本体中至少一个在两个或更多个接触点处靠接所述接触结构。
2.一种组件,包括:
包括柱形凸点的电子器件,所述柱形凸点包括连接至所述电子器件的表面的基部、远离所述表面设置的尖端、和在所述基部和所述尖端之间延伸的细长本体;以及
主系统,包括:
衬底;以及
插座,安装在所述衬底的表面上,所述插座包括金属框架,所述金属框架包括:
至少一个侧壁,所述侧壁具有连接至所述衬底表面的固定端和远离所述衬底表面设置的自由端,所述至少一个侧壁环绕细长中央室,以及
接触结构,位于所述至少一个侧壁的自由端处,所述接触结构限定与所述中央室连通的开口,
其中所述电子器件连接至所述主系统,使得所述柱形凸点的尖端穿过所述开口插入所述插座的中央室,和使得所述插座的接触结构在至少两个或更多个接触点处靠接所述柱形凸点的基部和细长本体中至少一个。
3.一种用于电连接电子器件的插座阵列,电子器件包括多个从其延伸出的柱形凸点,所述多个柱形凸点以预定图形设置,每个柱形凸点都包括基部和在所述基部和尖端之间延伸的细长本体,所述插座阵列包括:
衬底;以及
多个插座,以预定图形设置在所述衬底的表面上,每个插座都包括金属框架,所述金属框架包括:
至少一个侧壁,所述侧壁具有连接至所述衬底表面的固定端和远离所述衬底表面设置的自由端,所述至少一个侧壁环绕细长中央室,以及
接触结构,位于所述至少一个侧壁的自由端处,所述接触结构限定与所述中央室连通的开口,
其中所述插座阵列的每个插座都构造为使得当相应的柱形凸点的尖端插入其中央室时,所述相应的柱形凸点的基部和细长本体中至少一个在两个或更多个接触点处靠接所述接触结构。
CN2005100785563A 2004-06-18 2005-06-17 柱形凸点插座 Expired - Fee Related CN1722535B (zh)

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