CN1658408A - 用于便携式电动工具的可拆卸的电池组 - Google Patents

用于便携式电动工具的可拆卸的电池组 Download PDF

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CN1658408A
CN1658408A CN2004100791659A CN200410079165A CN1658408A CN 1658408 A CN1658408 A CN 1658408A CN 2004100791659 A CN2004100791659 A CN 2004100791659A CN 200410079165 A CN200410079165 A CN 200410079165A CN 1658408 A CN1658408 A CN 1658408A
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battery pack
elastic buffer
plastic casing
electric tool
door bolt
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CN100364144C (zh
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肯尼思·布拉泽尔
黄锦旗
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Techtronic Industries Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/006—Vibration damping means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有弹性缓冲器的电池组，将所述缓冲器在外部安装到电池组的塑料外壳上。所述塑料外壳包括底面、从底面的外周边缘向上延伸的围壁、以及罩。所述底面、围壁和罩一起限定出一个封闭内腔，其中为了将电力提供给电动工具，安装多个电池。如果所述电池组或所述电动工具与电池组组件以所述电池组撞击硬表面的取向落下的话，当将冲击负荷施加到电池组上或施加到电池组和相联的电动工具时，弹性缓冲器用作缓冲器。

Description

用于便携式电动工具的可拆卸的电池组
技术领域
本发明涉及用于便携式电动工具的可拆卸的电池组。
背景技术
随着电池操纵的无绳电动工具的出现，商人、技工、甚至普通的房主都可以看到由无需工作电线的电动工具所提供的优越性。因此，已有技术中已经对无绳电动工具的改进有所开发，其中许多改进都具体涉及到可拆卸的电池组。一种这样的改进包括：在电池组的外壳内包含用于将电池与外壳分开的泡沫或橡胶部件。该泡沫或橡胶部件能够缓冲施加到电池组外壳上、由电池所经受的任何振动或冲击负荷。已有技术还描述了多种不同的、用于使将电池固定到电动工具上所需的力最小的连接结构。已有技术中最近介绍的又一特征是，在电池组内配备有通风口，用于在充电过程中冷却其内容纳的电池。
本发明的一个目的是，提供一种进一步的缓冲部件，如果工具落下或电池组受到撞击，那么该部件能够保护电池组和便携式电动工具。
另一个目的是，使操作者能够用一只手将电池组安装到电动工具上。
发明概述
本发明一方面提供了一种便携式电动工具，此工具具有将其内安装的多个电池封装起来的塑料外壳。该塑料外壳包括：底面以及从底面的外周边缘延伸出来的围壁。盖与外壳配合，从而提供一个封闭的内腔，将电池安装在该内腔中。将相当软的弹性缓冲器在外部安装到塑料外壳上，如果电池组或者电池组及相联的电动工具落下，或者电池组经受冲击负荷，就能够缓冲施加到电池组上的冲击负荷。
本发明的另一个方面是，这种电池组配有锥形导轨，此导轨与相应结构和电动工具配合，从而使电池组能够滑动到电动工具上以及从电动工具上滑下来。还配有弹簧偏置闩，此闩在安装适当时，能够将电池组牢固锁定就位。其次，闩力小于电池组在置于光滑干燥平坦的玻璃参比水平面上时所施加的静摩擦力，借此使用者能够通过用一只手将电动工具滑动到电池组上，来安装该电池组，并同时将该电池支撑在水平面上。
通过阅读以下参照附图对完成本发明的最佳实施方式的详细描述，本发明的上述方面和其它方面、特征和优点将清晰易懂。
附图简述
图1是按照本发明组装到便携式电动工具上的一个优选实施例的电池组的侧视图；
图2是按照本发明组装到另一便携式电动工具上的图1的电池组的侧视图；
图3是安装有本发明的电池组的电动工具放大分解图；
图4是图3的电池组的放大底面图；
图5是沿图3中的5-5线截取的图3的电池组的部分截面图；
图6是图3的电池组的顶面图，表示出没有便携式电动工具；
图7是沿图6中的7-7线截取的电池组的截面图；
图8是图1的电池组和便携式电动工具的示意图；
图9是图3的电池组的放大的部分截面图；
图10是按照本发明的一个替换性实施例的电池组的部分截面图；
图11是按照本发明的一个替换性实施例的电池组的部分截面图；
图12是按照本发明的另一替换性实施例的电池组的部分截面图；
图13是按照本发明的再一替换性实施例的电池组的部分截面图；
图14是按照本发明的又一替换性实施例的电池组的部分截面图；
图15是按照本发明的一个替换性实施例的电池组的侧视图；
图16是按照本发明的另一替换性实施例的电池组的侧视图。
优选实施例的详细描述
参照图1，此图表示出按照本发明的一个优选实施例的电池组20，该电池组与便携式电动工具(具体称作无绳钻机22)一起使用。无绳钻机22具有纵向上部外壳24，此外壳内设置有用于驱动输出轴(未示出)以及附着在外壳上的卡盘26的电机和传动装置(未示出)。钻机22包括作为外壳的一部分、并从纵向外壳24伸出的手枪式把手28。为了由使用者进行致动，将触发开关30从把手28上移开。利用触发开关30将来自电池组20的电力提供给置于纵向外壳24内的电机，以便实施与卡盘26旋转操作类似的操作。钻机22与2003年5月30日提交、序列号为10/449,226、名称为“三速旋转电动工具(Three SpeedRotary Power Tool)”的受让人的美国专利申请中公开的无绳钻机类似，该申请作为参考全部并入本文。
在无绳电动工具(例如图1的钻机22)的常规使用中，普遍可以将电池组20在一个工作位置拆卸多次。可以将电池组20拆下来进行充电，并随后将另加的电池组20安置到钻机22上。还普遍的是，可配备多个无绳电动工具，其中每个工具都适合接收一个通用的电池组。于是，当使用者将一个电动工具换成另一个时，可以将电池组20从一个电动工具上拆下来并固定到另一个电动工具上。
因此，参照图2，该图表示出其上固定有电池组20的另一个便携式电动工具。图2的便携式电动工具的特征在于，它是一个无绳往复锯32。无绳往复锯32具有纵向外壳34，此外壳内设置有用于往复驱动也排列在外壳内的锯导板(saw bar)(未示出)的电机和传动装置(未示出)，所述锯导板用于驱动可拆卸地附着到锯导板上的刀具(例如刀片36)。往复锯32包括后端把手38和前端鼻部40，每一部分的尺寸都适合使用者用手抓取。后端把手38还包括用于选择性地将来自电池组20的电流提供给电机的触发开关42。往复锯32与2002年11月25日提交、序列号为10/303,425、名称为“用于往复工具的无工具刀片夹具(Toolless Blade Holder for a Reciprocating Tool)”的受让人的美国专利申请中公开的往复锯类似，该申请作为参考全部并入本文。
虽然所示出和描述的是示范性无绳钻机22和无绳往复锯32，但是本发明预计将电池组20与任何无绳电动工具一起使用，这些工具包括(但不限于)：无绳圆锯、无绳磨沙机、无绳压胶枪、无绳冲击钻、无绳竖锯、无绳斜切锯、无绳刳刨机、无绳接合机、无绳刨、无绳钢丝锯等。
当将电池组20从多个不同的电动工具或一个工具交换到充电器上时；或者当将电池组20及相联的电动工具运送并用到多种应用中时，电池组20或电池组20及相联的电动工具可无意中落到相当硬的表面上。电池组20或电池组20及相联的电动工具的落下可导致电池组20和/或相联的电动工具损坏。为了幸免于某些冲击负荷，已有技术已经提供了具有外壳设计的无绳电动工具，其中外壳材料具有足够强度并且可部分回弹，从而避免了由这些冲击所造成的故障。已有技术还提供了这样的电池组：这些电池组具有由上述材料形成的外壳，并具有能够克服某些冲击负荷的结构设计。因此，本发明的电池组20包括由能够抵抗冲击负荷的高强度塑料形成的外壳44。
现在参照图3-5，这些图进一步详细放大地示出了电池组20。具体地说，电池组20的塑料外壳44具有通常为平坦的底面46，该底面在置于下面的支撑面上时，其尺寸适合支撑直立位置上的电池组20。在将底面46附着到某些电动工具(例如无绳钻机22)上时，其尺寸还适合维持直立不变。塑料外壳44包括从底面46的外周边缘向上延伸的围壁48。电池组20还包括与围壁48的上部和外周区域配合的罩50。塑料外壳44的罩50、围壁48和底面46共同限定出封闭的内腔52，该内腔在图5的截面图中示出。
具体参照图5，电池组20包括多个安装在封闭内腔52内的电池54。已有技术通过在电池组外壳内包括内部环形弹性部件，已经使电池免受直接的冲击负荷。因此，本发明的电池组包括一对内部环形弹性部件56，56’，这对弹性部件安装在内腔52中并与电池54配合，借此将电池54悬挂在内腔52中。于是，如果将冲击负荷施加到电池组外壳44上，内部环形弹性部件56，56’就缓冲施加到塑料外壳44上的相关撞击。而且，内部环形弹性部件56，56’有助于避免电池54接触和/或撞击外壳44的底面46、围壁48或罩50。
环形弹性部件56，56’具有20肖氏(Shore)O和80肖氏A的硬度，而且对于相关应用可以更具体地确定该硬度。选择一种能够提供弹性和缓冲特性的硬度是理想的。此外，弹性部件56，56’的尺寸适合悬挂电池54，并因此具有0.3mm至四倍于塑料外壳44的公称壁厚的公称径向厚度。
电池组20还包括在外部安装在塑料外壳44上的相当柔软的弹性缓冲器58。优选实施例的弹性缓冲器58沿塑料外壳底面46取向，以便防护电池组20，并且如果需要的话，在相联电动工具以电池组20撞击硬表面的取向落下时，可通过缓冲施加在电池组20上的冲击负荷来防护所述相联的电动工具。已有技术的电池组通常经受底面46外周边缘的破裂或故障，该破裂或故障是由于将冲击负荷施加到边缘而不是分布在整个表面上或者将高冲击负荷传递到工具外壳上，从而导致边部的破裂。因此，弹性缓冲器58围绕底面46的外周边缘延伸并覆盖部分底面46和围壁48。缓冲器58覆盖并防护电池组塑料外壳44最可能经受冲击负荷及故障的区域，并由此使对电池组20的损害最小。构想缓冲器58的任何硬度，例如，硬度可在20肖氏O和80肖氏A之间。然而，期望提供具有吸收和缓冲一些冲击负荷特性的缓冲器58，因此，20肖氏A至75肖氏A的硬度是优选的。硬度取决于缓冲器厚度，工具重量和冲击点处的缓冲器接触面积。
再具体参照图3，电池组20配有一对弹簧偏置的闩扣60，这对闩扣通过闩棘爪61将组装状态中的电池组20与相联的电动工具锁定。已有技术的电池组配有一部分围绕每个闩扣凸起的塑料外壳，以避免电池组意外脱开，并使施加到相关锁闩上的冲击负荷最小，从而起到防护作用。因此，电池组20包括围绕每个闩扣60形成的弹性缓冲器62，该缓冲器具有从围壁48向外突起的横向厚度，以防护闩扣60并缓冲施加到其上的任何冲击负荷。闩型弹性缓冲器62可作为弹性缓冲器58的一部分或作为一个单独的缓冲器(如图3所示)来形成。闩型弹性缓冲器62的横向厚度的大小使得其可以从围壁48向外延伸，经过闩扣60到达闩扣60的最外部，其中使闩扣60偏置的弹簧(未示出)延伸。然而，本发明设想，闩型弹性缓冲器62的厚度至少向外延伸到与处于压缩取向的锁闩对应的距离，借此避免将冲击负荷施加到闩扣60上。防护电池组20的闩扣60是理想的，因为对其中一个锁闩60的损害可损伤或抑制具有电动工具的组件。
在一般与底面46平行的滑动啮合中，优选实施例的电池组20与相联的电动工具配合，通称为滑进(slide-on)式电池组。该啮合在图3中示出，其中把手28的最下部用实线表示出并与电池组20组装到一起。还以相对于电池组20的未组装取向上的幻象表示出把手28的最下部。通过在一般垂直于电池组相应底面的方向上滑动啮合，而将被称作杆型电池组的已有技术的电池组组装到电动工具上以及从电动工具上拆下来。杆型电池组容易一只手进行组装，因为使用者可以通过在通常垂直于下面支撑面的方向上按压电动工具，来压缩锁闩，借此克服了在组装工具时锁闩的弹簧偏置作用。
然而，优选实施例是滑进式电池组20，以避免电池组20从电动工具上意外拆卸下来，从而使施加到其上的冲击负荷最小。在电动工具的工作过程中可出现这种意外拆卸，由此使用者可将电池组20压向邻近工作位的物体，或者使用者可以无意中压下一个或多个闩扣，同时抓住邻近或围绕电池组20的电动工具。普遍在通常直立的取向上使用电动工具(例如无绳钻机22和无绳往复锯32)。因此，利用优选实施例的滑进式电池组20，通过减小在无意中压下闩扣60之后由重力将电池组20从电动工具上脱开的可能性，而使电池组20落下的可能性最小。
已有技术的电池组公知的是，具有与相联电动工具的滑进啮合。然而，以与底面平行的滑动啮合方式组装到相联的电动工具上以及从相联的电动工具上拆卸下来的已有技术的电池组，象优选实施例那样，一般不容易用一只手将电池组啮合到电动工具上。在克服闩棘爪61的偏置力之前，当以图3中的箭头所示方向按压电动工具时，采用已有技术的电池组，可导致已有技术的电池组沿下面的支撑面滑动。因此，对于用一只手进行的组装，优选实施例的缓冲器58具有高摩擦系数，以便将电池组20维持在下面支撑面的取向上。当将电池组20置于相当滑的表面(例如光滑干燥平坦的玻璃参比水平面)上时，此摩擦系数应该高得足以使电池组20具有大于锁闩力的静摩擦力。此摩擦系数可以高得足以使施加到电池组上的动态摩擦力大于相关的锁闩力，从而甚至在电池组20沿下面的支撑面滑动时，还能够进行组装。因此，弹性缓冲器56在与光滑干燥平坦的玻璃参比水平面配合时，应该由具有高静摩擦系数(具体为大于0.5的静摩擦系数)的材料制成。因此，该优选实施例在与光滑干燥平坦的玻璃参比水平面配合时，应该具有大于0.8的静摩擦系数。
现在参照图6和7，它们示出了电池组20的另一特性。电池组20的罩50包括锥形导轨64，该导轨用于可释放地接收相关联电动工具22，32的把手28，38的配合安装凸缘66。安装凸缘66在处于组装模式时，通常与电池组20的底面46平行对准。电池组20包括位于锥形导轨64内的第一电连接器68。以常规方式，使第一电连接器68电连接到电池54上。电动工具上的安装凸缘66包括位于其内的相应第二电连接器70(如图5所示)，此连接器用于和第一电连接器68匹配啮合。在将第二电连接器70与第一电连接器68啮合之后，正如由相关触发开关30，42所控制的，将电力从电池54提供给电机。锥形导轨64在横向和垂直方向上渐细，以便在组装过程中适应电动工具22，32与电池组20的轻微偏离。于是，锥形导轨64有助于使用者将插头68和插座70对准。参照图6，用角θ表示该锥形相对于和底面平行的中心纵轴71的角度。优选实施例的电池组20的锥形角θ约为5°，然而，本发明考虑到不管轻微偏离都容易组装的任何角度，例如1°-10°。参照图7，用角表示相对于中心纵轴71的垂直锥形角。正如本发明所考虑的，锥形角是能够克服该对准的任何角度，例如1°-10°。优选实施例的锥形角约为5°。
正如在弹性缓冲器58向塑料外壳44提供回弹和缓冲支撑之前所述。因此，弹性缓冲器58是由低硬度橡胶材料形成的。参照图8，该示意图表示出电池组20和相联电动工具22，32的振动特性。具体地说，在与电池组20接触的那一点描绘硬表面72。由于弹性缓冲器58具有回弹和冲击吸收特性，因此用弹簧k1和阻尼器c1表示缓冲器58。在撞击电池组外壳44和硬表面72之后，弹性缓冲器58的回弹特性(用k1表示)以及弹性缓冲器58的冲击吸收特性(用c1表示)减小了施加到电池组外壳44上的冲击负荷。
此外，配备在电池组外壳44的内腔52中的内部弹性部件56，56’向电池54提供用弹簧k2表示的附加回弹特性和用阻尼器c2表示的冲击吸收特性。不象已有技术，利用内部弹性部件56，56’的特性和弹性缓冲器58的特性，一起保护电池54免受冲击负荷。
在电动工具的操纵部件与电池组20之间的一部分电动工具外壳有助于缓冲从电池组20传送到操纵部件上的冲击负荷。虽然该外壳是由相当硬的材料(例如高强度塑料)制成的，但是此材料还固有地包括回弹特性和缓冲特性，尽管与弹性缓冲器58和内部环形弹性部件56，56’相比，此材料的这些特性相当小。具体参照无绳钻机22，由于将纵向外壳24和电池组20分开的把手28的长度，而提供这些特性。在图8中，把手28的回弹特性用弹簧k3表示，而把手28的冲击吸收特性用阻尼器c3表示。已有技术的电动工具将分担给电池组20的冲击负荷从塑料外壳44分配到纵向外壳24上，后者具有由把手28的最小特性提供的冲击吸收和缓冲作用。该优选实施例最初在弹性缓冲器58的接触点处提供附加的冲击吸收特性。因此，弹性缓冲器58向电池54和纵向外壳24的操纵部件提供额外的缓冲支撑，同时伴随防护塑料外壳44。往复锯32的外壳提供了冲击吸收和回弹特性，尽管与无绳钻机22相比，其是最小的，因为通常使电池组20与纵向外壳34毗邻。
参照图9至图14，这些图详细地示出了多个电池组缓冲器的部分截面图，包括优选实施例的电池组20和可替换实施例的电池组，用于示范将弹性缓冲器连接到相应弹性外壳的各种不同的制造方法。
参照图9，示出了电池组20的部分截面图，显示弹性缓冲器58与塑料外壳44的联接。具体说，塑料外壳44由注模工艺制成，该注模工艺使塑料外壳44具有2.5mm至3.5mm的公称壁厚。弹性缓冲器58过压成型在塑料外壳44上，使橡胶缓冲器具有大约1mm的厚度。塑料外壳44包括贯穿其中形成的多个孔74，图9示出了一个。由于弹性缓冲器58过压模制到塑料外壳44上，弹性缓冲器58的一个突起76穿过孔74形成，借此将弹性缓冲器58与塑料外壳44机械联锁。可替换地，弹性缓冲器58和突起76可独立于塑料外壳44形成，并紧固到塑料外壳44上，如通过孔74压下突起76，借此将弹性缓冲器58与塑料外壳44机械联锁，当然，本发明考虑到其他的通用紧固件，如螺丝，固定夹或类似物。
现在参照图10，该图表示出按照本发明的一个替换性实施例的电池组78。电池组78包括塑料外壳80和弹性缓冲器82，这两部分粘合在一起，从而使缓冲器82的内面84和塑料外壳80完全熔融到一起。通过将弹性缓冲器82过压成型(over-mold)到塑料外壳80上，或者将弹性缓冲器82与塑料外壳80共模制，可提供此特性。为了获得所需的防护特性以及满足制造要求，弹性缓冲器82的厚度为约1.5mm-2mm。
现在参照图11，一个替换性实施例的电池组86配有：塑料外壳88和弹性缓冲器90，所述弹性缓冲器90利用分配在这两个部件之间的粘合剂92附着到该外壳88上。在逐步模制过程中或通过单独部件的组装中，而将粘合剂92和弹性缓冲器90附着到塑料外壳88上。为了保护电池组86，以约1mm或更厚的厚度形成弹性缓冲器90。
现在参照图12，该图示出了按照本发明的另一替换性实施例的电池组94。电池组94包括塑料外壳96和弹性缓冲器98。而弹性缓冲器98通过二者之间的摩擦啮合附着到塑料外壳96上。于是，使塑料外壳98与塑料外壳96分开形成，并在组装操作中将弹性缓冲器98压到外壳96上。塑料外壳96还包括多个围绕其形成、用于增强弹性缓冲器98内的摩擦啮合的外肋100。此外，可在与按压弹性缓冲器98的方向对应的方向上将外肋100开刺，以避免弹性缓冲器98从塑料外壳96上脱离下来。或者是，可围绕塑料外壳96配备肋100，并将弹性缓冲器模制到这些肋上，以便与肋100机械联锁啮合。弹性缓冲器98具有约1mm或更厚的厚度。
现在参照图13，又一替换性实施例的电池组102具有塑料外壳104和附着到其上的弹性缓冲器106。弹性缓冲器106是由液体弹性材料形成的，将该材料喷到塑料外壳104上，从而固化并形成弹性缓冲器106。弹性缓冲器106的材料由正规软接触漆或泡沫型橡胶漆形成，具有0.3mm或更大厚度。为了在固化之后发生键合，弹性缓冲器106的材料还包括引发与弹性外壳104外部的化学反应的试剂，从而将弹性缓冲器106固定到塑料外壳104上。
现在参照图14，该图示出了按照本发明的再一实施例的电池组108。电池组108包括塑料外壳110和附着到其上的弹性缓冲器112。弹性缓冲器112是由液体弹性材料(优选的是熔融橡胶)形成的，而将塑料外壳110部分浸渍到其内。塑料外壳110接收一层橡胶材料，此材料熔融或固化到具有塑料外壳110的界面114上，借此产生弹性缓冲器112。
现在参照图15和16，该图示出了具有中心杆设计的替换性实施例的电池组，以证实附着到相联塑料外壳上的弹性缓冲器的多种不同的设置。还在滑进式电池组上采用这些缓冲器图形(如图1-8所示)。
具体参照图15，一个替换性实施例的杆型电池组116包括具有罩120的塑料外壳118，罩120适合在通常平行于把手28，38的方向上与相联电动工具滑动啮合。电池组116包括弹性缓冲器122，该缓冲器至少部分覆盖塑料外壳118的底面124，覆盖底面124的周边，并沿部分围绕相联锁闩128的塑料外壳118的围壁126延伸。弹性缓冲器122防护底面124、围绕其的周边、锁闩128和大部分围壁26。
现在参照图16，该图示出了按照本发明的又一替换性实施例的电池组130。电池组130包括塑料外壳132和附着到其上的弹性缓冲器134。利用在多个部位附着到塑料外壳132上的多个弹性缓冲器部分限定出弹性缓冲器134，每个弹性缓冲器覆盖底面136、围壁138和配备在二者之间的相联边缘部分的一个区域。电池组130表示出，无论是由一体化缓冲器形成，还是由多个缓冲器部分形成，为了防护塑料外壳132，可配备多种式样和设置的弹性缓冲器134。弹性缓冲器部分134通过使所施加的橡胶量最小，可节省制造材料成本，并且可提供多种美观的电池组选择类型。
再参照优选实施例的电池组20的图4和6，电池组20包括配备在锥形导轨64内并与相联把手28，38对准以进行组装的多个通风口148。此外，电池组20的下侧包括另一组通风口150。正如本领域内所公知的，通风口148和150是用来给电池组20通风。于是，当电池组20的温度上升时，通过对流使空气流通，或者利用电机风扇或可配备在特定电动工具把手28，38内或相关联充电器内的附加风扇，推动空气流通。因此，并不总是需要覆盖相关电池组20的整个底面46。在2003年6月3日提交的名称为“电池通风系统(Battery VentingSystem)”的受让人的美国专利申请中，公开了气孔式或通风口式电池组，该申请作为参考全部并入本文。
总之，本发明提供了一种简化的相对低成本的装置，该装置通过使由于工具的意外滥用而导致的损坏最小，来防护电池组寿命和电动工具寿命。
虽然已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，但是并不是说，这些实施例示出和描述了本发明的所有可能形式。相反，说明书中所用的词汇是用于进行描述的而并非起限定作用，而且应该理解，在不脱离本发明的精髓和范围的前提下，可作出多种变型。

Claims (29)

1、一种与便携式电动工具一起使用的电池组，包括：
塑料外壳，所述外壳具有底面、从所述底面的外周边缘向上延伸的围壁、以及与所述围壁的上外周区域配合的罩，从而限定出一个封闭内腔；
较软的弹性缓冲器，所述缓冲器被安装到所述外壳上，并围绕所述底面的外周边缘延伸，而且覆盖所述底面和所述围壁的相邻部分；以及
安装在所述塑料外壳的封闭内腔中的多个电池；
其中如果所述电池组或所述电动工具与电池组组件以所述电池组撞击硬表面的取向落下的话，所述弹性缓冲器用于缓冲施加到所述电池组和相联电动工具上的冲击负荷。
2、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，将所述弹性缓冲器过压成型到所述塑料外壳上。
3、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述外壳底面和所述外壳围壁是由注射模制工艺形成的，并且将所述弹性缓冲器与这两部分共同模制。
4、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，将所述弹性缓冲器与所述塑料外壳机械联锁。
5、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述塑料外壳包括至少一个贯穿其形成的孔，所述孔用于接收所述弹性缓冲器的一个突起，以便将所述弹性缓冲器机械联锁到所述塑料外壳上。
6、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，利用施加到所述弹性缓冲器和所述塑料外壳之间的粘合剂，将所述弹性缓冲器附着到所述塑料外壳上。
7、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，利用所述弹性缓冲器和所述塑料外壳之间的摩擦配合，将所述弹性缓冲器固定到所述塑料外壳上。
8、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述塑料外壳包括用于与所述弹性缓冲器摩擦啮合的多个外肋。
9、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，将液体弹性材料喷到所述塑料外壳上，以便形成所述弹性缓冲器。
10、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，将所述塑料外壳浸渍到液体弹性材料内，以便形成所述弹性缓冲器。
11、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，使所述弹性缓冲器单独形成，并紧固到所述塑料外壳的所述外周边缘上。
12、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弹性缓冲器具有0.3mm至四倍于所述塑料外壳的公称壁厚的公称壁厚。
13、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弹性缓冲器具有0.75mm至2mm的公称壁厚。
14、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弹性缓冲器具有20Shore O至80Shore A的硬度。
15、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弹性缓冲器具有20Shore A至75Shore A的硬度。
16、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弹性缓冲器在与光滑干燥平坦的玻璃参比水平面配合时，具有0.5或更大的静摩擦系数。
17、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，还包括将所述电池悬挂在所述塑料外壳的封闭内腔中的内部环形弹性部件。
18、如权利要求17所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述环形弹性部件具有20Shore O至80Shore A的硬度，和0.3mm至四倍于所述塑料外壳的公称壁厚的公称径向壁厚。
19、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述塑料外壳配有至少一个弹簧偏置闩，所述闩将组装状态下的所述电池组和所述电动工具锁定；以及
其中使至少部分所述弹性缓冲器毗邻所述闩取向。
20、如权利要求19所述的电池组，其特征在于，在压缩所述弹簧时，所述闩从所述外壳突出一预定的距离，并且所述至少一部分弹性缓冲器具有大于所述预定距离的厚度。
21、如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，当相对于所述电池组移动电动工具时，所述罩沿通常平行于所述电池组底面的纵轴配有锥形导轨，所述导轨用于可释放地接收所述电动工具上的配合安装凸缘。
22、如权利要求21所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述锥形导轨在横向和垂直方向上渐细，以便在组装过程中适应所述电动工具与所述电池组的轻微偏离。
23、如权利要求22所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述电池组的罩配有弹簧偏置闩，所述闩将组装状态下的所述电池组和所述电动工具锁定，其中所述弹簧偏置闩在置于光滑干燥平坦的玻璃参比水平面上时，在装配时具有小于由所述电池组施加的所述静摩擦力的闩力，借此使使用者能够用一只手安装所述电池组，同时将所述电池组置于所述电动工具上的水平面上。
24、如权利要求23所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述导轨相对于平行于所述底面的中心纵轴横向渐细10-250。
25、如权利要求23所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述导轨相对于平行于所述底面的中心纵轴垂直渐细10-250。
26、一种与便携式电动工具一起使用的电池组，包括：
塑料外壳，所述外壳具有底面、从所述底面的外周边缘向上延伸的围壁、以及与所述围壁的上外周区域配合的罩，从而限定出一个封闭内腔；
较软的弹性缓冲器，所述缓冲器在外部被安装到所述外壳上；
安装在所述塑料外壳的封闭内腔中的多个电池；以及
将组装状态下的所述电池组和所述电动工具锁定的至少一个弹簧偏置闩；
其中如果所述电池组或所述电动工具与电池组组件以所述电池组撞击硬表面的取向落下的话，至少一部分所述弹性缓冲器毗邻所述闩取向，并且所述弹性缓冲器用于缓冲施加在所述电池组和所述相联的电动工具上的冲击负荷。
27、如权利要求26所述的电池组，其特征在于，将所述弹性缓冲器安装到所述塑料外壳底面上。
28、如权利要求26所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弹性缓冲器覆盖部分所述底面和所述围壁。
29、如权利要求26所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述弹性缓冲器围绕所述底面的外周边缘延伸。
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EP1516702B1 (en) 2010-06-16
AU2004212521A1 (en) 2005-04-07
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