CN1656329B - 连续可变速比传动系统 - Google Patents

连续可变速比传动系统 Download PDF

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CN1656329B
CN1656329B CN038121638A CN03812163A CN1656329B CN 1656329 B CN1656329 B CN 1656329B CN 038121638 A CN038121638 A CN 038121638A CN 03812163 A CN03812163 A CN 03812163A CN 1656329 B CN1656329 B CN 1656329B
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output shaft
gear
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planetary pinion
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CN1656329A (zh
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C·J·格林伍德
T·G·费罗斯
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Torotrak Development Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/086CVT using two coaxial friction members cooperating with at least one intermediate friction member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
    • F16H2037/0886Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft with switching means, e.g. to change ranges

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Abstract

一种多模式,连续可变速比传动系统具有同轴系统输入和输出轴(16,24),一连续变速比传动装置(V)同轴地连接系统输入轴(16),并具有同轴变速器输出轴(18),和一混合行星齿轮链(E1)具有输入恒星齿轮(S1)与变速器输出轴(18)驱动连接,行星支架(C1)与系统输入轴(16)驱动连接,行星齿轮(P1)安装在行星支架(C1)上,在变速箱高档位操作中,行星齿轮(P1)驱动与系统输入轴(16)同轴的第一中间输出轴(22),经过第一离合器(H)有选择的连接系统输出轴;在变速箱低档位操作中,行星齿轮(P1)为第二行星齿轮链(E2)提供输入,该第二行星齿轮链具有经过刹车元件(L)有选择的连接系统输出轴的输出。这种设置减少了齿轮的啮合数。因此减少了传动损失,混合行星齿轮链(E1)中不含有齿圈,这就在选择齿轮的尺寸时有更大的自由度,因此允许减慢齿轮速度。

Description

连续可变速比传动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及连续可变速比传动系统。
背景技术
公知的连续可变速比传动系统具有同轴的系统输入和输出轴,并且一连续可变速比传动装置(公知的为变速器)同轴的连接系统输入轴,并具有同轴的变速器输出轴。混合行星齿轮链由系统输入和变速器输出驱动。通过离合器或其他刹车元件的合理应用,系统可以进行高档位模式或低档位模式的操作。这种传动的例子可以在JP-A-6-174033和JP-A-62-255655中找到。
不可避免的,因齿轮的相互啮合而产生少量的动力的损失。为了达到最大的功效,因此,减少齿轮啮合数量是合适的,特别在混合行星齿轮链中其损失会在“动力再循环”模式中被有效的放大。本发明的一个目的在于提供一种减少齿轮啮合数的“同轴”连续可变速比传动。
现有技术中的“同轴”设置也需要相应的高齿轮转速,反过来说,这就需要更昂贵的轴承,也趋向于增加了磨损。本发明的一个目的在于降低这种齿轮速度。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种多模式,连续可变速比传动系统,包括:
同轴的系统输入轴和系统输出轴;
一连续变速比传动装置(变速器)同轴地连接系统输入轴,并具有同轴变速器输出轴;和
一混合行星齿轮链具有与变速器输出轴驱动连接的输入恒星齿轮,与系统输入轴驱动连接的行星支架,和安装在行星支架上并由输入恒星齿轮驱动啮合的第一行星齿轮;
其中,第一行星齿轮驱动与系统输入轴同轴地设置第一中间输出轴,第一行星齿轮为第二行星齿轮链提供输入;
其特征在于,在变速箱从同步模式到深超速档速比操作的高档位操作中,第一中间输出轴经过第一离合器有选择的连接系统输出轴,第二行星齿轮链具有一输出,在变速箱以完全相反的速比操作经过齿轮从空挡到同步模式速比的低档位操作中,该输出经过刹车元件有选择的连接系统输出轴。
根据以上设置,当第二行星齿轮链的输出与系统输出轴(相对于低档位操作时)连接,齿轮的啮合数可被减少,因此减少了存在于混合行星齿轮链中的损失,特别是在动力再循环模式中。进一步的,前述混合行星齿轮链不需要内齿轮和齿圈。这能有效的减小混合行星齿轮链的物理尺寸,因此,在选择行星齿轮和行星支架的尺寸时可以有更大的弹性。这一设置允许齿轮选择使混合行星齿轮链比现有技术的设置速度慢,因此减少了磨损,降低了损失,并降低了对其他元件例如轴承的要求。
以上设置也允许发生在传动高档位模式中的动力再循环。
更适宜的,第一中间输出轴设置了由混合行星齿轮链的第一行星齿轮驱动的恒星齿轮。更适宜的,在输出轴上的恒星齿轮与输入恒星齿轮具有相同的尺寸。
更适宜的,混合行星齿轮链的行星齿轮轴支撑第二行星齿轮,第二行星齿轮与第一行星齿轮一起旋转并驱动第一中间输出轴。最好,第二行星齿轮与第一行星齿轮具有相同的尺寸。
混合行星齿轮链的第一行星齿轮轴可以支撑第三行星齿轮,其与第一行星齿轮一起旋转并为第二行星齿轮链提供输入。
更适宜的,第二行星齿轮链由以下部分组成:由混合行星齿轮链驱动的第二输入恒星齿轮,由第二输入恒星齿轮驱动的行星齿轮,和形成第二行星齿轮链输出的一行星支架。
更适宜的,系统进一步包括连接混合行星齿轮链和第二输入恒星齿轮的中间齿轮。
更适宜的,第二行星齿轮链包括与第二行星齿轮链的行星齿轮啮合的第二恒星齿轮。
在一实施例中,系统由有选择的第二恒星齿轮制动装置组成。便利的,它可能包括插入第二恒星齿轮和系统变速箱的离合器。
在另一实施例中,恒星齿轮相对于变速箱稳固支撑,刹车元件由通过有选择的将第二行星齿轮链和系统输出轴连接的离合器组成。
附图说明
仅通过举例的方式,本发明实施例的细节将根据其附图详细描述,其中:
图1为根据本发明的连续可变传动系统的第一实施例的示意图。
图2为根据本发明的连续可变传动系统的第二实施例的示意图,作为图1实施例的变形。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1,一个连续变速比传动系统由一个公知的环形空转牵引型的变速器V组成,其具有两个环形凹进的圆盘10,在装置的每一端设置一个,和一副类似的输出圆盘12,每一个都面对各自的一个输入圆盘10并相互旋转。滚筒组14被设置在输入和输出圆盘10,12相对位置之间来传递具有一定速比的从输入圆盘10到输出圆盘12的动力,这一速比能通过滚筒组14的倾斜率而变化。
输入圆盘10与系统输入轴16连接并由其驱动.变速器由管状变速器输出轴18提供输出,该输出轴设置成与输入轴16同轴.轴18远离变速器V的一端驱动第一混合行星齿轮链E1的恒星齿轮S1.齿轮链E1的支架C1与输出轴16连接并由其驱动,也与两个变速器输出圆盘10靠内侧的那个连接.支架C1支撑与恒星齿轮S1啮合并由其驱动的输入行星齿轮P1.行星齿轮P1通过联合轴20安装在支架C1上,该轴又支撑第一和第二输出行星齿轮PX1和PY1.输出行星齿轮PX1与行星齿轮P1相同,经由输出恒星齿轮S2(具有与输入恒星齿轮S1相同的尺寸)传递齿轮链E1的总输出至被设置成与系统输入轴16同轴的中间输出轴22.中间输出轴的驱动可以有选择的经由高档位离合器H传输至系统输出轴24.
输出行星齿轮PY1比行星齿轮P1和PX1的直径小,并与形成于与输入轴16同轴的管状中间输出轴28一端的小齿轮26啮合。中间输出轴的另一端也设置了一个小齿轮30,其直径小于小齿轮26。小齿轮30与第二单一回动行星齿轮链D2的更大直径的行星齿轮P2啮合。行星齿轮P2安装在支架C2上,其与设置成与系统输出轴16同轴的第二管状中间输出轴32连接,输出轴又与系统输出轴24连接。
第二行星齿轮链E2的行星齿轮P2每一个位于安装在支架C2上的各自轴34的一端。每一个轴34的另一端支撑一个更远更小的行星齿轮PX2,其与恒星齿轮36啮合,该恒星齿轮位于与系统输入轴16同轴的管状传动轴38的一端。传动轴38的另一端与形成低档位离合器L的刹车元件的一边连接,另一边与变速箱40连接。
变速箱可以以下面三种模式之一操作,即高档位,低档位和同步模式。
在高档位模式中,变速箱在从同步模式到深超速档速比操作,高档位离合器H啮合,低档位离合器L脱离。这允许混合行星齿轮链E1的输出,经过第一行星齿轮链E1的输出行星齿轮PX1,输出恒星齿轮S2,中间输出轴22和高档位离合器H,将接受的从变速器V的两个输入圆盘10和输出圆盘12的输入传输到系统输出轴24,从第一混合行星齿轮链E1的另一输出行星齿轮PY1的输出也传输给第二行星齿轮链E2,但因为低档位离合器L脱离,输出并不传输给支架C2,实际上支架C2仅仅和与其连接的系统输出轴24一起旋转。如果恒星齿轮S1和S2具有相同的直径,中间轴22将以与变速器输出轴18相同的速度旋转。然而改变齿轮S1和S2的相对尺寸将改变第二行星的作用就像低档位齿轮链。因此,该设置借助在高档位位操作变速器V以简单的方式产生动力循环。然后能独立于变速器的速比扩展地确定同步换档位。
在低档位模式中,变速箱操作完全相反地经过齿轮空挡到同步模式速比,高档位离合器H脱离,低档位离合器L啮合。高档位离合器H的脱离使系统输出轴24与混合行星齿轮链E1的输出行星齿轮PX1断开。进一步的,低档位离合器L啮合使得通过从变速箱40提供一反作用力使输出驱动从第一混合行星齿轮链E1传送到第二混合行星齿轮链E2,传送至第二混合行星齿轮链E2的支架C2。然后,该驱动传送至第二管状中间输出轴32和系统输出轴24。
从高档位模式到低档位模式的变化中,反之亦然,将完成一个所谓的“同步模式”,其中变速箱的操作状态为中间输出轴22控制混合行星齿轮链E1,第二管状中间输出轴32控制第二行星齿轮链E2在同一速率(或非常接近于)旋转。为了改变状态,新状态的离合器啮合,借此,两个离合器同步啮合一小段时间,旧状态的离合器脱离。
可以观察到,在低档位模式时,在混合行星齿轮链E1中实际上工作的齿轮只是行星齿轮P1和PY1,因此在混合行星齿轮链E1中存在最小的损失,特别在动力再循环模式中。在高档操作中,比现有技术的变速器有更少的配合。然而,需要指出的是,本发明允许混合行星齿轮链E1不具备内齿轮和齿圈。不仅减小了变速箱的重量,也在选择行星齿轮P1,PX1和PY1的尺寸时有更大的范围。这又允许部件的速度减小和将啮合数减小到最小。
图2的实施例非常类似于图1,唯一的显著区别在于低档位刹车元件。与图1的实施例的特征相同的图2的实施例的特征用相同的图标记标出,只有不同的部分将被描述。
关于第二行星齿轮链的区别,在图2中由E2’示出.行星齿轮P2和PX2与第一实施例中的相应的一样,但恒星齿轮36’与变速箱40连接.从第二管状中间输出轴32’输出的驱动由支架C2连续供给,且有选择的通过低档位离合器L’与系统输出轴24连接.
图2的变化具有当低档位离合器L’脱离时,第二行星齿轮链E2’完全从系统输出轴24上脱离(相反的第一实施例中中间输出轴32总是与系统输出轴24连接)的优点,借此,高档位模式时在第二行星齿轮链出现的任何问题不会传送至系统输出轴24。
本发明不限于前面实施例的具体描述。特别的,已被描述的以外的变速器类型都可以使用。进一步的,齿轮的尺寸可以应不同的环境而变化。例如,在描述过的实施例中,行星齿轮链的恒星齿轮S1与输出恒星齿轮S2的尺寸相同。然而,如果适当,同一尺寸S1可以替换为大于或小于S2。

Claims (12)

1.一种多模式,连续可变速比传动系统,包括:
同轴的系统输入轴和系统输出轴;
一连续变速比传动装置同轴地连接系统输入轴,并具有同轴变速器输出轴;和
一混合行星齿轮链具有与变速器输出轴可驱动地连接的输入恒星齿轮,与系统输入轴可驱动地连接的行星支架,和安装在行星支架上并由输入恒星齿轮驱动啮合的第一行星齿轮;
其中,第一行星齿轮驱动与系统输入轴同轴地设置的第一中间输出轴,第一行星齿轮为第二行星齿轮链提供输入;
其特征在于,在变速箱从同步模式到深超速档速比操作的高档位操作中,第一中间输出轴经过第一离合器有选择地连接到系统输出轴;第二行星齿轮链具有一输出,在变速箱以完全相反的速比操作经过齿轮从空挡到同步模式速比的低档位操作中,该输出经过刹车元件有选择地连接到系统输出轴。
2.如权利要求1所述的传动系统,其特征在于,第一中间输出轴设置了由混合行星齿轮链的第一行星齿轮驱动的恒星齿轮。
3.如权利要求2所述的传动系统,其特征在于,在输出轴上的恒星齿轮与输入恒星齿轮具有相同的尺寸。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的传动系统,其特征在于,混合行星齿轮链的行星齿轮轴支撑第二行星齿轮,第二行星齿轮与第一行星齿轮一起旋转并驱动第一中间输出轴。
5.如权利要求4所述的传动系统,其特征在于,第二行星齿轮与第一行星齿轮具有相同的尺寸。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的传动系统,其特征在于,混合行星齿轮链的第一行星齿轮轴支撑第三行星齿轮,第三行星齿轮与第一行星齿轮一起旋转并为第二行星齿轮链提供输入。
7.如权利要1至3中任一项所述的传动系统,其特征在于,第二行星齿轮链包括由混合行星齿轮链驱动的第二输入恒星齿轮,由第二输入恒星齿轮驱动的行星齿轮,和形成第二行星齿轮链输出的行星支架。
8.如权利要求7所述的传动系统,其特征在于,系统包括连接混合行星齿轮链和第二输入恒星齿轮的中间齿轮。
9.如权利要求7所述的传动系统,其特征在于,第二行星齿轮链包括与第二行星齿轮链的行星齿轮啮合的第二恒星齿轮。
10.如权利要求9所述的传动系统,其特征在于,系统包括有选择的制动第二恒星齿轮的装置。
11.如权利要求10所述的传动系统,其特征在于,刹车元件由插入第二恒星齿轮和系统变速箱之间的离合器组成。
12.如权利要求9所述的传动系统,其特征在于,恒星齿轮相对于变速箱稳固支撑,刹车元件由离合器组成,该离合器选择地连接第二行星齿轮链和系统输出轴。
CN038121638A 2002-05-28 2003-05-28 连续可变速比传动系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1656329B (zh)

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